Median Lobe Research Articles

Impact of the presence of a median lobe on functional outcomes of greenlight photovaporization of the prostate (PVP): an analysis of the Global Greenlight Group (GGG) Database.

Previous analyses ofthe impact of median lobe presence on Greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) outcomes were limited by their small sample size and the ability to adjust for important confounders. As such, we sought to investigate the impact of prostate median lobe presence on the operative outcomes of 180W XPS GreenLight PVP using a large international database. Data were obtained from the Global GreenLight Group (GGG) database whichpools data of eight high-volume, experienced surgeons, from a total of seven international centers. All men with established benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent GreenLight PVP using the XPS-180W system between 2011 and 2019 were eligible for the study. Patients were assigned to two groups based on presence or absence of median lobes. Analyses were adjusted for patient age, prostate volume, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) score. A total of 1650 men met the inclusion criteria. A median lobe was identified in 621 (37.6%) patients. Baseline prostate volume, patient age, and ASA score varied considerably between the two groups. In adjusted analyses, the operative and lasing time of patients with median lobes was 6.72 (95% CI 3.22-10.23; p < 0.01) minutes and 2.90 (95% CI 1.02-4.78; p < 0.01) minutes longer than the control group. Men with median lobes had similar postoperative functional outcomes to those without a median lobe except for a 1.59-point greater drop in the 12-month IPSS score compared to baseline (95% CI 0.11-3.08; p = 0.04) in the median lobe group, and a decrease in PVR after 6months which was 46.51ml (95% CI 4.65-88.36; p = 0.03) greater in patients with median lobes compared to men without median lobes. Our findings suggest that the presence of a median lobe has no clinically significant impact on procedural or postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing Greenlight PVP using the XPS-180W system.

Functional Morphology and Characters of five abundant species of Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Functional morphology of five coccinellid species, viz.Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Propylea dissecta, and Hippodamia variegata, of the Coccinellini tribe (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). These ladybirds prevalent arise in the agricultural fields, hence could be efficiently spotted by their characteristic elytral pattern and spots. However, we have dissected male and female genitalia and found significant differences at the species level. In males, paramere and median lobe while stylus and genital plate in females are exploitable to differentiate species exhibited by line-drawings.

Analysis of radioactive implant migration in patients treated with iodine-125 seeds for permanent prostate brachytherapy with MRI-classified median lobe hyperplasia.

PurposeProstate cancer with median lobe hyperplasia (MLH) is a relative contraindication for permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) because of an increased risk of post-implant dysuria and technical difficulties associated with achieving stability while implanting within the intravesical tissue. We examined treatment outcome, seed migration, and urination disorders after treatment in MLH patients in order to determine to what degree MLH implants could be stabilized.Material and methodsBetween March 2007 and December 2016, 32 patients had MLH identified radiologically on magnetic resonance imaging, and 193 patients did not have MLH (non-MLH). All patients were treated with loose seeds. In this study, seed migration was defined as a seed distant from the target (≥ 1.5 cm) and/or with no dosimetric contribution to the target. The MLH patients were divided into 2 MLH groups of mild (< 10 mm) and severe (≥ 10 mm) MLH by measuring the distance between the posterior transitional zone and the prostatic tissue protruding into the bladder. We retrospectively analyzed seed migration, dose-volume histograms (DVH), and genitourinary toxicity.ResultsMLH was classified as mild in 24 patients and severe in 8. Seed migration occurred in 61 (31.6%) of 193 non-MLH patients and 10 (31.5%) of 32 MLH patients. Implant seed migration and low-dose level of median lobe tended to be high in severe MLH cases. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) peaked one month after implantation, but then resolved slowly and returned to around the pre-treatment level after one year. There were no severe complications.ConclusionsMLH does not appear to be a strong contraindication for low-dose-rate brachytherapy. However, we found that the seed migration and degree of cold spots tended to be higher in severe MLH cases than in others; therefore, close attention when treating severe MLH cases must be paid.

Comparison of remote and local postconditioning against hepatic ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats.

ABSTRACTPurpose:The aim of this study is to compare the hepatic protective effect of both remote and local postconditioning (POS).Methods:Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: sham group(SHAM), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), local ischemic POS group (lPOS) and remote ischemic POS group (rPOS). Animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 30 min. Local ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min liver ischemia, followed by 5 min reperfusion (40 min). Remote ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min hind limb ischemia, followed by 5 min hind limb perfusion after the main liver ischemia period. After 190 minutes median and left liver lobes were harvested for biochemical and histopathology analysis.Results:All the conditioning techniques were able to increase the level of bothglutathione reductase and peroxidase, showing higher values in the rPOS group when compared to the lPOS. Also, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher in all intervention groups when compared to SHAM, but rPOS had the lower rates of increase, showing the best result. The histopathology analysis showed that all groups had worst injury levels than SHAM, but rPOS had lower degrees of damage when compared to the lPOS, although it was not statistically significant.Conclusion:Remote postconditioning is a promising technique to reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, once it increased antioxidants substances and reduced the damage.

Two New Species and a Further Country Record of the Caridean Shrimp Genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915 from Korea (Decapoda: Palaemonidae).

Two new species of the palaemonid genus Periclimenaeus are described and illustrated from Korea; additionally, a third species is recorded from Korea for the first time. Periclimenaeus karantina sp. nov. was obtained from ascidian hosts. The species has a denticulate dactylus on both second pereiopods, considered to be typical for ascidian associates. It can be separated from related species by the combination of the following characters: the carpocerite overreaching the anterior margin of the scaphocerite; the distolateral tooth of the scaphocerite exceeding the anterior margin of the lamella; the dactylus of the minor chela exceeding the fixed finger; and the ambulatory dactyli furnished with a minute proximal tooth. Periclimenaeus apomonosi sp. nov. was obtained from sponge hosts, and belongs to the P. robustus species-group, on account of the developed anterior median lobe on the tergite of the first abdominal somite. It can be distinguished from related species by the combination of the presence of a supraorbital tooth; the presence of a pointed process on the inferior orbital angle; the distolateral tooth of the scaphocerite terminating level with the anterior margin of the lamella; the antennal carpocerite reaching about 0.6 of the scaphocerite; the first and second chelae with non-serrated cutting edges; the ischium and merus of the second pereiopods harbouring tubercles on the ventral margin; and the ambulatory dactyli with a distal accessory tooth and the corpus furnished with denticles, ventrally. The sponge associated species, Periclimenaeus djboutensis, relatively widespread across the Indo-Pacific, is reported for the first time from Korea in Geomundo Island. Asides from a morphological description of all three species, molecular information of two genetic markers (16S + COI) is provided to aid in future phylogenetic reconstructions of the genus.

Гранулематоз как компонент пролиферативных реакций в печени и поджелудочной железе после частичной гепатэктомии на фоне суперинвазионного описторхоза

Introduction. Opisthorchiasis on the territory of Russia has a predominantly superinvasive form, i.e., the disease in hyperendemic foci proceeds with more severe manifestations and structural changes in the parasite’s ecological niche (liver, pancreas). With superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO) in humans and animals, granulomatous infl ammation with the formation of granulomas is observed. Aimoftheresearch. To reveal the features of the granulomatous process in the liver and pancreas after partial hepatectomy in the setting of superinvasive opisthorchiasis in Syrian hamsters. Materials and methods. Research animals were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 180) — SO modeling by introducing into the stomach of 50 Opisthorchis (O.) felineus metacercariae, superinvasions with 50 O. felineus metacercariae were repeated on the 6, 16th days after the primary infestation; group 2 (n = 86) — modeling of SO according to the same scheme as for group 1, and partial hepatectomy (PHE) (removal of the median lobe of an organ, 17.3–17.7% from its mass) on the 16th day after the last superinvasion. The animals were removed from the experiment on 7, 16th, 23rd, 32nd, 38, 120, 240th day. The study of liver and pancreas preparations was carried out using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical methods. Results. The types, morphogenesis, course, outcomes of granulomas in the liver and pancreas were revealed. The factors of granuloma formation were the secretome, eggs and metabolites of O. felineus in both experimental groups. Conclusion. Granulomatosis in superinvasive opisthorchiasis, including after PHE, is an emergent state of the parasite-host system due to the accumulation of antigenic material in an amount exceeding the nonequilibrium state in this system. The regenerative process in the group of animals after PHE in the SO setting does not affect granulomatous infl ammation and the formation of granulomas.

Three synonyms of the coastal Phucobius sharp species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are proposed based on morphological and molecular characters

• Three synonyms of the coastal Phucobius Sharp species are proposed. • The molecular analyses support the validity of Phucobius pectoralis . • Description with diagnostic features of Phucobius pectoralis is presented. A taxonomic reappraisal of four marine littoral Phucobius Sharp species along the western Pacific Ocean including the South China Sea is presented based on morphological and molecular characters ( COI and 28S ). Specimens of the four species, each having its own distinct geographic distribution, are extremely similar to each other including the structures of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and may be regarded as conspecific. Also, the molecular analyses support the validity of P. pectoralis with three synonymies based on morphological characters. Genetic divergence of COI using uncorrected p-distance among all individuals of Phucobius species ranged from 0.11% to 3.21%. Three distinct geographical clusters (Russia, Korea and Japan, and Vietnam) are found in the NJ and PA trees and we treat all of them as a single species. Three new synonyms are proposed for Phucobius pectoralis (Boheman): P. simulator Sharp syn. nov. , P. tricolor Bernhauer syn. nov. , and P. densipennis Bernhauer syn. nov. Phucobius pectoralis is redescribed with illustrations of diagnostic characters. Also, the intraspecific variation among the populations of P. pectoralis is briefly discussed.

Cylisticus ilamicus sp. nov., a new woodlouse species (Oniscidea: Cylisticidae) from Iran

The second species of the woodlouse genus Cylisticus Schnitzler, 1853 is described and illustrated from Iran. Cylisticus ilamicus sp. nov. was collected in Mazhareh Cave, Ilam Province, southwestern Iran, and considered a trogloxene species. The structure of the head with rounded median lobe and without longitudinal carina distinguishes it from all other congeners.

A new species of Rutaraphes Jałoszyński in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Rutaraphes Jałoszyński was proposed for an unusual species discovered on Shikoku, Japan. Rutaraphes shikokuensis Jałoszyński has a unique aedeagus, with an asymmetrical median lobe, lacking parameres, and the diaphragm to which the internal muscles are attached is situated not sub-medially, sub-basally, or basally, as in most genera of Stenichnini, but sub-apically, and nearly transverse in relation to the long axis of the aedeagus. It is here confirmed that this highly unusual structure was not a teratology in the sole known specimen, because the newly described Rutaraphes taiwanicus sp. n. shares similar genital structures. The new species occurs on northern Taiwan, and differs from R. shikokuensis in (among others) male modifications of the head. The new discovery extends the known range of Rutaraphes over 1500 km SW, suggesting that also the islands of the Ryukyus may be inhabited by this rare genus.

Neoclypeodytes Young from Panama, with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini).

Minute Bidessini diving beetles of the genus Neoclypeodytes Young, 1967 from Panama are reviewed. Two new species, Neoclypeodytes balkei sp. nov. and N. fortunensis sp. nov. are described from Campana, Panama Province in central Panama, and La Fortuna, Chiriqui province in western Panama, respectively. Both species differ from all congeners by the colour pattern of the elytra and the shape of the male genitalia. Additionally, we provide a short diagnosis, illustrations and a new record for N. curtulus (Sharp, 1882). Furthermore, we report on the presence of scale-like setae at the apex of median lobe of the aedeagus of N. curtulus and N. fortunensis sp. nov., a character not previously observed in Neoclypeodytes species. With the addition of these two new species, there are now three species of Neoclypeodytes known from Panama and south of Guatemala.

Liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy in a murine model

The liver’s cellular functions are sustained by a hierarchical, segmentally-organized vascular system. Additionally, liver lymphatic vessels are thought to drain to perihepatic lymph nodes. Surprisingly, while recent findings highlight the importance of organ-specific lymphatics, the functional anatomy of liver lymphatics has not been mapped out. In literature, no segmental or preferential lymphatic drainage patterns are known to exist. We employ a novel murine model of liver lymphangiography and in vivo microscopy to delineate the lymphatic drainage patterns of individual liver lobes. Our data from blue dye liver lymphangiography show preferential lymphatic drainage patterns: Right lobe mainly to hepatoduodenal ligament lymph node 1 (LN1); left lobe to hepatoduodenal ligament LN1 + LN2 concurrently; median lobe showed a more variable LN1/LN2 drainage pattern with increased (sometimes exclusive) mediastinal thoracic lymph node involvement, indicating that part of the liver can drain directly to the mediastinum. Upon ferritin lymphangiography, we observed no functional communication between the lobar lymphatics. Altogether, these results show the existence of preferential lymphatic drainage patterns in the murine liver. Moreover, this drainage can occur directly to mediastinal lymph nodes and there is no interlobar lymphatic flow. Collectively, these data provide the first direct evidence that liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy.

The STREAM Trial (Prostatic Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) 24-Month Clinical and Radiological Outcomes.

To establish factors predictive of success prior to Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) with MRI imaging. A prospective cohort study of 50 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) were treated with PAE in a single institution. Patients had moderate to severe symptoms of BPH refractory to medical management for at least 6months. Patients were imaged with multiparametric MRI imaging pre-PAE and at 3months, 12months and 24months post-PAE. Clinical success was measured with IPSS, IIEF and EQ-5D-5L quality of life questionnaires. The technical success was 48/50 (96%).The mean age of the group was 67 (range 54-83). The mean IPSS score pre-PAE was 21 and at 24months was 8 (p < 0.001). There was no deterioration in erectile function. The mean volume of the prostate post-PAE was reduced at 3 and 12months post-PAE but not significantly different at 24months. This did not correlate with the IPSS score. Patients with median lobe enlargement has similar symptomatic improvement as those without median lobe enlargement. Internally within the prostate patients with adenomatous-dominant BPH initially did better than patients with stromal enlargement; however, at 24months patients with stromal enlargement of the prostate improved greatest. Initial volume of the prostate was not a good predictor of clinical success. PAE is a safe and effective treatment strategy for treating men with BPH. Patients with Adenomatous BPH clinically do better until 12months but not at 24months. Initial prostate volume does not affect outcome, and patients with median lobe enlargement do as well as those without.

Revision of the &lt;em&gt;Calotheca nigrotessellata&lt;/em&gt; species group from southern Africa, with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)

Calotheca Heyden is a mostly sub-Saharan flea beetle genus, comprising twenty-seven species previously included in Blepharida Chevrolat. The examination of new material is revealing a high species richness, as there is high intraspecific variability. Calotheca luteomaculata sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa, and C. luteotessellata sp. nov. from the Republic of South Africa are here described and attributed to the C. nigrotessellata (Baly) species group, mainly based on genitalic characters. Photographs of the main diagnostic characters are supplied, including the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca. A forward stepwise discriminant function analysis, using morphometric variables, has been performed. It supports the attribution of the examined specimens to the three species here considered, thus adding characters useful for their identification. Information on geographical distribution and host plants are also provided.

Four peculiar new &lt;em&gt;Metallactus&lt;/em&gt; species from Argentina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae)

Metallactus canescens sp. nov., Metallactus aemulus sp. nov., Metallactus diaguita sp. nov., Metallactus nugator sp. nov. are described from Northern and Central Argentina. The new species are very similar to one another regarding their external look but can be distinguished above all on the basis of internal characters, in particular the morphology of the aedeagal median lobe. Besides, some traits of their external features, i. e. the thick dorsal setosity and the weak metallic hue, look quite uncommon within the genus Metallactus Suffrian, 1866 and remind of some species of genus Coscinoptera Lacordaire, 1848 (in particular C. tibialis Harold, 1875) and other undescribed species belonging to the genus Griburius Haldeman, 1849. This might be due to some kind of adaptive convergent evolution.

Two new species of spiders of the families Agelenidae and Amaurobiidae from Okinawa Island, Japan

Two new species of the families Agelenidae (Coelotinae) and Amaurobiidae are described from Okinawa Island, southwestern Japan, under the names Coelotes kunigamiensis sp. n. and Callobius breviprocessus sp. n. Coelotes kunigamiensis resembles C. motobuensis Shimojana, 2000 but is characterized by the male palp having a greatly bent conductor, thin epigynal teeth situated distant from each other, and blackish markings derived from the internal genitalia situated in the central portion of the epigyne. Callobius breviprocessus is related to C. amamiensisOkumura, Honki & Ohba, 2018 and C. yakushimensisOkumura, 2010, but is characterized by having a short mesal process and a broad dorsal process on the tibia of male palp, the semicircular lateral lobes of the epigyne, and the median lobe almost circular. The male palpal tibiae and female genital organs of these three species of Callobius are shown (with a correction of the former figures given in Okumura, Honki & Ohba (2018), and their morphological difference is discussed.

Inhibition of γ-glutamyltransferase ameliorates ischaemia-reoxygenation tissue damage in rats with hepatic steatosis.

Hepatic steatosis may be associated with an increased γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) levels. Ischaemia-reoxygenation (IR) injury causes several deleterious effects. We evaluated the protective effects of a selective inhibitor of γ-GT in experimentally induced IR injury in rats with obesity and steatosis. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with hepatic steatosis were used in the current study. The portal vein and hepatic artery of left lateral and median lobes were clamped to induce ischaemia. Before clamping, 1 ml of saline (IR group) or 1-ml saline containing 1 mg·kg-1 body weight of GGsTop (γ-GT inhibitor; IR-GGsTop group) was injected into the liver via the inferior vena cava. Blood flow was restored after at 30 min of the start of ischaemia. Blood was collected before, at 30 min after ischaemia and at 2 h and 6 h after reoxygenation. All the animals were killed at 6 h and the livers were collected. Treatment with GGsTop resulted in significant reduction of serum ALT, AST and γ-GT levels and hepatic γ-GT, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and HMGB1 at 6 h after reoxygenation. Inhibition of γ-GT retained normal hepatic glutathione levels. There was prominent hepatic necrosis in IR group, which is significantly reduced in IR-GGsTop group. Treatment with GGsTop significantly increased hepatic glutathione content, reduced hepatic MDA, 4-HNE and HMGB1 levels and, remarkably, ameliorated hepatic necrosis after ischaemia-reoxygenation. The results indicated that GGsTop could be an appropriate therapeutic agent to reduce IR-induced liver injury in obesity and steatosis.

Hydroporus novacula sp. n. from Georgia (Caucasus) (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporini)-the first terrestrial species of the genus?

Hydroporus novacula sp. n. is described on a single male accidentally found when collecting Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in south-western Georgia (Caucasus) by sifting more or less dry material quite far from any water. The species belongs to the longulus-group of the genus (former subgenus Sternoporus). However, the shape of the median lobe, the club-like pro- and mesotibiae and the evenly curved protarsal claws separate it from all other species of the group. Additionally, no natatory setae could be detected on any leg of the single male studied. Together with the collecting circumstances, it appears not unlikely that the new species is the first terrestrial Hydroporus known to science. The species is described in detail and important features are illustrated.

Systematical Research on Morphology of Male Genitalia of the Family Elateridae (Coleoptera) by Using Scanning Electron Microscope

Morphologies of male genitalia of Elateridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) were examined comprehensively by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Aedeagal ultrastructures of 65 species were investigated in detail. New morphological structures including small pustules on the apical part of median lobe, small pits with short spine on median lobe and parameres and spines and teeth of inner sac of median lobe were observed for the first time. The long and short bristles of male genitalia were examined comprehensively. Systematic value of these structures are evaluated within examined genera and subfamilies by using a cluster analysis. These morphological structures are heterogeneous within the subfamilies. Consequently, results of cluster analysis exhibit that the observed structures can not be accepted as taxonomical characters for differentiating subfamilies with the exception of the diagnosis of some genera.

Waterjet Ablation for Large Prostates with Intravesical Median Lobes

Introduction and Objective: Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has shown favorable efficacy and safety compared with transurethral resection of the ...

SC133 - Is it possible to perform ejaculatory sparing “pure” adenomectomy in large prostates with a median lobe?

SC133 - Is it possible to perform ejaculatory sparing “pure” adenomectomy in large prostates with a median lobe?