Median Lobe Research Articles

Rebury the "Atavistic Skull" Studied by Lombroso?

On May 16, 2017, the judgment of the Italian court ended the legal battle concerning the repatriation request of the famous skull, belonging to the "brigand" Giuseppe Villella. During the autopsy examination on the corpse of Villella, Lombroso observed a median occipital dimple on the skull, a feature visible in other mammals, including primates, but absent in humans. This feature could demonstrate an anomalous dimension of the median lobe of Villella's cerebellum. From this anatomical finding, Lombroso consolidated the atavism theory, which established a close connection between morphological features and behavior.The Lombroso Museum and the University of Turin reiterated the legitimacy of the possession of the skull as cultural property in accordance with the Code of Cultural Heritage and as a find of forensic psychopathology. Finally, the court rejected the request from Villella's hometown, highlighting that the scientific theory is unquestionably invalid, but his existence cannot be denied.The "special" nature of human remains emerges from the special way in which the Code of Ethics of the International Council of Museums treats them, which also implies respect to the other material of the museum collections.

A new Platambus from Sichuan, with new records of species of the P. sawadai group from China (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae).

Platambus binliui sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It belongs to the P. sawadai species group sensu Nilsson (2000). The new species differs from other species of this group by the larger body, punctation of the dorsal surface and shape of male genitalia. New records of members of the P. sawadai group from China are provided: Platambus micropunctatus Nilsson, 2003 (Guangdong), P. punctatipennis Brancucci, 1984 (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Zhejiang), P. regulae Brancucci, 1991 (Yunnan), representing a new species for Chinese fauna, and P. wangi Brancucci, 2006 (Hubei). Habitus and median lobe photographs for all mentioned species are provided.

Fan‐Surface Evidence for Debris‐Flow Avulsion Controls and Probabilities, Saline Valley, California

Debris‐flow fans form by shifts of the active channel, termed avulsions. Field and experimental evidence suggest that debris‐flow avulsions may be induced by depositional lobes that locally plug a channel or superelevation of the channel bed above the surrounding fan surface, by analogy to fluvial fans. To understand debris‐flow avulsion processes, we differentiate between these controls by quantifying the spatial distribution of debris‐flow lobe and channel dimensions, along with channel‐bed superelevation, on nine debris‐flow fans in Saline Valley, California, USA. Channel beds are generally superelevated by 2–5 channel depths above the fan surface, and locally by more than 7 channel depths, thereby substantially exceeding superelevation on fluvial fans. Depositional‐lobe thickness and channel depth decrease with distance from the fan apex, although both are highly variable across the fans. Median channel depths roughly correspond to the 50th–75th percentiles of lobe thicknesses, while minimum channel depths roughly correspond to the 10th–25th percentiles. In contrast, the thicknesses of lobes that have triggered avulsions roughly equal local channel depths and are on average twice as thick as the local median lobe thickness. The spatial correspondence between avulsion locations and thick lobe deposits, and the lack of correlation with channel‐bed superelevation, leads us to infer that avulsions on these fans are mostly caused by thick lobes forming channel plugs. Although results may vary with climatic and tectonic setting, our findings indicate that avulsion hazard assessment on populated fans should include mapping and monitoring of channel depths relative to typical deposit thicknesses on a given fan.

The return of the Duke-locality data for Megadytes ducalis Sharp, 1882, br />the world's largest diving beetle, with notes on related species(Coleoptera: Dytiscidae).

Megadytes (Bifurcitus) ducalis Sharp, 1882 is the largest diving beetle in the world and has been considered a candidate for the world's rarest insect (Jones 2010). It was described from "Brazil", is only known from the male holotype in the Natural History Museum (London), and typically thought to be extinct. Here we report the finding of 10 additional specimens, all collected at the end of the 19th century, which were discovered incidentally in different historical collections, including drawers with unsorted diving beetle accessions of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris). These specimens, whilst old, reveal exact locality data for the first time, enabling focused field campaigns to attempt to rediscover this giant alive. Locality labels all indicate Santo Antônio da Barra (present name Condeúba), in the southern part of Bahia, Brazil, suggesting that the species may have a restricted distribution in wetter parts of the Brazilian savanna or cerrado. We also describe the female of M. ducalis for the first time and present new records of the putatively closely related species Megadytes magnus Trémouilles Bachmann, 1980 and M. lherminieri (Guérin-Méneville, 1829), the latter being recorded for the first time from Ecuador. These three morphologically similar species together form the subgenus Bifurcitus Brinck, 1945 and we provide photographs of their habitus, median lobes and other morphological details.

Voiding urethrocystoscopy: A new concept for benign prostatic obstruction characterization

To assess the feasibility of voiding urethrocystoscopy (VUC) in males and describe the characteristics of dynamic movements of the prostatic lobes during micturition. Patients scheduled for benign prostatic obstruction relief in a tertiary reference center were included in this prospective evaluation. During urethrocystoscopy with a small diameter flexible endoscope, the bladder was filled until desire to void. The patient was asked to void with endoscope in place facing the veru montanum. Movements of the prostatic lobes during micturition were characterized, video-recorded, and categorized based on the dynamics of the lateral lobes, the posterior lobe and the bladder neck. In all, 192 evaluations were conducted. In 161 cases (84%), the patient was able to void. Among these patients, 126 cases were stated as "closed" (coalescent), without opening of the initial part of the urethra and the bladder neck. In 38 cases, there was no opening of the lateral lobes (type 1A), and in 47 cases a partial opening of the distal parts of the lateral lobes was seen (type 1B). In 31 cases, a fixed posterior bladder neck was seen (type 2A) and in 10 cases a mobile median lobe, with a rolling ball effect, was seen (type 2B). In 25 cases, the lumen was completely open and equivocal in 10 cases. This study demonstrates the feasibility of VUC and describes for the first time the dynamics of prostatic lobes during micturition. This evaluation may lead to a new approach for understanding the mechanical aspects of benign prostatic obstruction. 3.

Thulium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: Median Lobe Enucleation, Step by Step, for a Beginner Surgeon

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Since 2010, Herrmann and colleagues1 introduced thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) as a versatile minimally invasive enucleation procedure, fol...

014 Prevalence of Ejaculatory Dysfunction Following Rezūm Prostate Ablation

Convective radiofrequency water vapor thermal therapy is a minimally invasive technique to treat lower bladder outlet obstruction due to BPH. Initial clinical trial data has demonstrated minimal to no detrimental effects towards sexual function, specifically in regards to ejaculatory function. We sought to evaluate the rate and risk factors for ejaculatory dysfunction following Rezūm prostate ablation. We retrospectively reviewed 81 patient charts that underwent Rezūm therapy by a single BPH surgeon since July 2017. Large glands (≥80 g) utilized stacked treatments and often received the max 15 Rezūm treatments per device. A median lobe treatment was often performed even in patients with small middle lobes. If patients were not queried on post-operative sexual function, patients were contacted by telephone. Post-operative results were compared by t-test and chi-squared analysis. Fifty four patient responses were obtained. Clinical variables are found in the attached table. Briefly, the average prostate size was 67.7 grams. Twenty six patients had preoperative retention. All but 3 patients received median lobe treatments. 11 patients (20%) noted retrograde/anejaculation. All affected patients received median lobe treatments. No clinical variable were associated with developing post-operative retrograde/anejaculation. No patients reported new onset erectile dysfunction.

253 Descriptive Outcomes of Patients Undergoing UroLift for Extended Indications

The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), often causing significant lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary retention, increases with age. Recently, new minimally invasive technologies have increased the compliment of therapeutic modalities we can offer patients. One such modality is the placement of prostatic urethral clips, also known as UroLift. One advantage of UroLift is that it may be done on an outpatient setting under the use of local anesthesia. Presence of a median lobe was previously felt to be a contraindication, and urinary retention requiring catheterization is still felt to be a contraindication. However, we have encountered patients with significant cardiac or other comorbidities, unfit for general anesthesia, who require treatment of BPH due to severe symptoms or acute urinary retention who desire to be catheter free. The objective of this study is to determine the success of UroLift in a small cohort of patients who underwent the procedure for these extended indications.

Two new species of the water scavenger beetle genus Hemiosus Sharp Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from Colombian Andes.

Two new species of Hemiosus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the central cordillera of the Colombian Andes are described. Hemiosus molanoi González-Rodríguez García-Hernández sp. nov. and H. quindiensis González-Rodríguez Clarkson sp. nov. are described based in 56 adult specimens collected in river-associated sandy puddles (26 specimens of H. molanoi sp. nov.) and temporary puddles near crops (26 specimens of H. quindiensis sp. nov.). Both species are identified mainly by characteristics of the aedeagus: Hemiosus molanoi sp. nov. has subtriangular parameres, median lobe shorter than parameres and longer than appendices which are acuminate and phallobase shorter than parameres, strongly asymmetrical in basal two-fifths; H. quindiensis sp. nov. has parameres gradually tapering towards rounded apices, median lobe shorter than parameres and longer than appendices which are acuminate and phallobase shorter than parameres, strongly asymmetrical in basal half. Dorsal coloration pattern, overall shape of the meso- and metaventral process and abdominal ventrites are also informative to distinguish the new species from remaining described Hemiosus. Diagnoses, illustrations and habitat characteristics are provided.

969 - Influence of the median lobe on the results at 4 years of the prostate vaporization by GreenLight laser®

969 - Influence of the median lobe on the results at 4 years of the prostate vaporization by GreenLight laser®

New data on the Oriental Xantholinini 39. New species and new records from the Philippines (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

Thyreocephalus dustucheus Bordoni, 2002 EXAMINED MATERIAL. Philippines, S Luzon, Bicol, Camarines Sur, Tigaon, I. Lumaawig I.2015, 1 ex. (cB); Mindanao, Compostela, Masala, I. Lumawig I.2015, 2 exx. (MZF), 1 ex.cB); Mindanao, Bukidnon, Kabanglasan, I. Lumawig XII.2014, 1 ex. (MZF). NOTE. This is an endemic Philippine species (Bordoni, 2002). New record for Mindanao. This is the first record since the description of the species. I provide a figure of the head and pronotum (Fig. 1).
 Thyreocephalus omaleus Bordoni, 2002 EXAMINED MATERIAL. Philippines, NE Luzon, Sierra Madre, Quirino, leg. ? IX.2012, 1 ♂ (cI); N Luzon, Cagayan, leg. ? VI. 2011, 1 ♂ (cB). NOTE. This is an endemic species of the Philippines (Bordoni, 2002). New record for Luzon. This is the first record since the description of the species. I provide a figure of the head and pronotum (Fig. 2).
 Metolinus libertatis Bordoni, 2002 EXAMINED MATERIAL. Philippines, Negros, Mt Canla-on, D. Mohagan II.2009, 1 ♂. (cI), 1 ♀. (cB). NOTE. This species was described from Panay (Libertad Fluss). New record for Negros. This is the first record since the description of the species.
 Metolinus finettii sp. n. EXAMINED MATERIAL. Holotype ♂: Philippines, Palawan, San Vicente env., C. Finetti I.2009 (cB). DESCRIPTION. Length of body 3.7 mm; from anterior margin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 2.1 mm. Body shiny, entirely light brown; antennae and legs yellowishbrown. Head quadrangular. Eyes large and protruding. Surface of head with traces of transverse micro-striation and very few, isolated punctures. Pronotum longer than head, anteriorly a little dilated where it is as wide as head, with oblique anterior margins and rounded sides. Surface with dorsal series of 3-4 fine punctures and lateral series of 2-3 very fine punctures. Elytra sub-rectangular, longer and a little wider than pronotum, with sub-rectilinear an sub-parallel sides, and rounded humeral angles. Surface with very fine, sparse puncturation arranged in three series, one near the suture, one median and one lateral. Abdomen without micro-sculpture, with very fine and very sparse puncturation on the sides. Tergite and sternite of the male genital segment as in Figs 3-4. Aedeagus (Fig. 5) 0.74 mm long, with large median lobe; parameres long and narrow; inner sac with two basal, long spines, a median series of short, little spinulae and a group of distal spines.

Animal Models of Steatosis (NAFLD) and Steatohepatitis (NASH) Exhibit Hepatic Lobe-Specific Gelatinases Activity and Oxidative Stress.

Animal models of obstructive cholestasis and ischemia/reperfusion damage have revealed the functional heterogeneity of liver lobes. This study evaluates this heterogeneity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rat models. Twelve-week-old Obese and Lean male Zucker rats were used for NAFLD. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats fed with 8-week methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and relative control diet were used for NASH. Gelatinase (MMP-2; MMP-9) activity and protein levels, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated in the left (LL), median (ML), and right liver (RL) lobes. Serum hepatic enzymes and TNF-alpha were assessed. An increase in gelatinase activity in the NASH model occurred in RL compared with ML. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 displayed the same trend in RL as ML and LL. Control diet RL showed higher MMP-9 activity compared with ML and LL. No significant lobar differences in MMP-2 activity were detected in the NAFLD model. MMP-9 activity was not detectable in Zucker rats. TIMP-1 was lower in LL when compared with ML while no lobar differences were detectable for TIMP-2 in either Obese or Lean Zucker rats. Control diet rats exhibited higher ROS formation in LL versus RL. Significant increases in TBARS levels were observed in LL versus ML and RL in control and MCD rats. The same trend for ROS and TBARS was found in Obese and Lean Zucker rats. An increased serum TNF-alpha occurred in MCD rats. A lobar difference was detected for MMPs, TIMPs, ROS, and TBARS in both MCD and Zucker rats. Higher MMP activation in RL and higher oxidative stress in the LL, compared with the other lobes studied, supports growing evidence for functional heterogeneity among the liver lobes occurring certainly in both NAFLD and NASH rats.

Effect of propofol pretreatment on dephosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during kidney injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in mice

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol pretreatment on dephosphorylation of phospho-dynamin-related protein 1(p-Drp1)Ser637 during kidney injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)in mice. Methods Thirty healthy SPF male C57 mice, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups(n=10 each)using a random number table method: sham operation group(group S), hepatic I/R group(group HI/R)and propofol pretreatment group(group P). Hepatic I/R was produced by occluding the blood supply to the left lateral and median lobes of liver for 60 min followed by reperfusion in anesthetized mice.In group P, 1% propofol 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before operation, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and HI/R groups.Blood samples were collected from the left ventricle at 6 h of reperfusion for determination of the concentrations of serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(Cr). Renal tissues were obtained for determination of cell apoptosis(by TUNEL)and expression of Drp1, p-Drp1 Ser637, cytochrome c(Cyt c)and cleaved caspase-3(by Western blot)and for examination of the ultrastructure of mitochondria(by transmission electron microscopy). Apoptosis index was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations and apoptosis index were significantly increased, the expression of p-Drp1 Ser637 was down-regulated, and the expression of Cyt c and cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated(P 0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol pretreatment mitigates hepatic I/R-induced kidney injury is related to inhibiting dephosphorylation of Drpl Ser637 in mice. Key words: Propofol; Liver; Reperfusion injury; Renal; Dynamins

Revision of the genus Cephalobyrrhus of Japan and Taiwan (Coleoptera, Limnichidae).

Japanese and Taiwanese species of the genus Cephalobyrrhus are revised. A new species, C.amamisp. n., is described from Amami-Ôshima, the Ryukyus, Japan. This species is clearly distinguished from the other known species by the short and pointed median lobe and long phallobase. Two previously known species from Japan and Taiwan, C.latus and C.japonicus, are redescribed.

Radiation-primed hepatocyte transplantation in murine monogeneic dyslipidemia normalizes cholesterol and prevents atherosclerosis

Inherited abnormalities in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) function result in early onset cardiovascular disease and death. Currently, the only curative therapy available is liver transplantation. Hepatocyte transplantation is a potential alternative; however, physiological levels of hepatocyte engraftment and repopulation require transplanted cells to have a competitive proliferative advantage of over host hepatocytes. Herein, we aimed to test the efficacy and safety of a novel preparative regimen for hepatocyte transplantation. Herein, we used an ApoE-deficient mouse model to test the efficacy of a new regimen for hepatocyte transplantation. We used image-guided external-beam hepatic irradiation targeting the median and right lobes of the liver to enhance cell transplant engraftment. This was combined with administration of the hepatic mitogen GC-1, a thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist mimetic, which was used to promote repopulation. The non-invasive preparative regimen of hepatic irradiation and GC-1 was well-tolerated in ApoE-/- mice. This regimen led to robust liver repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes, which was associated with significant reductions in serum cholesterol levels after transplantation. Additionally, in mice receiving this regimen, ApoE was detected in the circulation 4 weeks after treatment and did not induce an immunological response. Importantly, the normalization of serum cholesterol prevented the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in this model. Significant hepatic repopulation and the cure of dyslipidemia in this model, using a novel and well-tolerated preparative regimen, demonstrate the clinical potential of applying this method to the treatment of inherited metabolic diseases of the liver. Hepatocyte transplantation is a promising alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of liver diseases. However, it is inefficient, as restricted growth of transplanted cells in the liver limits its therapeutic benefits. Preparative treatments improve the efficiency of this procedure, but no clinically-feasible options are currently available. In this study we develop a novel well-tolerated preparative treatment to improve growth of cells in the liver and then demonstrate that this treatment completely cures an inherited lipid disorder in a mouse model.

Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate Simulation: Analysis of Realism and Level of Difficulty by Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate-naïve Urologists

ObjectiveTo evaluate the opinion of Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)-naïve urologists about a surgical simulator and the level of difficulty at each step. Materials and MethodsWe evaluated 40 HoLEP-naïve urologists in a course involving 4 steps: lecture introducing Holmium laser basics and technique; live surgery; video explaining prostate enucleation using simulators; and simulator trial. A survey was applied to evaluate content validity and face validity of the simulator. Subjects also ranked the level of difficulty of each surgical step. ResultsAll urologists agreed on the importance of a validated HoLEP simulator in training; 95% agreed that simulation-based training is essential for patient safety. The mean rate of face validity of all analyzed components was 8.4 (8.1-9.0). Instrumentation was considered the most realistic component, followed by laser-tissue interaction. Positioning the fiber and bladder neck incisions (BNIs) at 5 and 7-o'clock were the easiest steps. Detaching the median lobe from the bladder neck, BNI at 12, dividing the mucosal bridge distally, and joining the upper and lower incisions were the most difficult steps. Residents found more difficulty in joining the BNIs distally (3.6 vs 2.4, P = .006) and in dividing the mucosal bridge distally (4.0 vs 3.0, P = .038) when compared to specialists. ConclusionHoLEP-naïve urologists found this simulator useful and important for patient safety. Most components were considered realistic. Simulation was able to reproduce the levels of difficulty usually found in real life cases. The level of expertise may influence the learning process of some steps.

Current surgical techniques of enucleation in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) has been accepted as the most efficient method of transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The originally developed three-lobe technique has popularized this surgery; this method is based on three longitudinal incisions, by which the median lobe is removed, and subsequently, both lateral lobes are enucleated. To maintain a consistent surgical plane and to minimize sphincteric damage, the traditional three-lobe technique is continuously being refined and evolving. A few modifications of the original technique have been developed, and several en bloc enucleation methods have been introduced. However, more clinical evidence is required to show the superiority of newer techniques over the original three-lobe technique in terms of efficacy and long-term side effects. To date, none of the newer techniques have been accepted as a standard technique for HoLEP.

Developed operation method for patient-drived orthotopic xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Patient-derived xenograft(PDX) model is a biological organized platform and a patient substitute. Recent studies use the ectopic model for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) but this model don’t reflect likewise the tumor state of patient. For exact prognosis, it is need to establish patient-derived orthotopic xenograft(PDOX) mouse model of HCC using direct injection technique. Additionally, secretion of growth factor from bone marrow stem cells is promoted after partial hepatectomy. Based on former PDX research, we develop the new protocol using direct injection technique. Methods: From January 2015 to June 2016, consent about getting tumor pieces to the patient of HCC. The pieces is stored in RPMI1640 and moved from operation room to research room immediately. For PDOX, 8∼10weeks old NOD SCID and NSG male mouse is used. The tumor pieces cutted to the 1mm cube. For stop the bleeding, inferior vena cava is blocked using Bulldog Clamp and the cube is directly injected median lobe to 3 places randomly. After clear the Bulldog Clamp, a left lobe is removed using tie. After 3 months, the PDOX mouse is checked for cancer growth using MRI or PET-CT. Successful PDOX model is sacrificed and succeeded a generation to another Balb/C-nude male mouse. Results: The rate of success of PDOX model is about 10% respectively. Formed tumor is verified by H&E staining. Conclusion: Based on protocol established, further study plan is required for improving on the rate of success to establish PDOX model and clinical application.

Introduction of the Exocelinacasuarina-group, with a key to its representatives and descriptions of 19 new species from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae).

Nineteen new species of Exocelina Broun, 1886 from New Guinea are described herein: E.adelbertensissp. n., E.ambuasp. n., E.bewanisp. n., E.cyclopssp. n., E.ibalimisp. n., E.kekisp. n., E.kumulensissp. n., E.mendiensissp. n., E.menyamyasp. n., E.okapasp. n., E.piusisp. n., E.pseudofumesp. n., E.pseudopusillasp. n., E.pusillasp. n., E.simasp. n., E.simbaiensissp. n., E.simbaijimisp. n., E.sumokedisp. n., and E.yoginofisp. n. All of them, together with five already described species, have been united into the newly defined casuarina-group, a polyphyletic complex of related species with similar shape of the median lobe and paramere setation. An identification key to all known species of the group is provided, and important diagnostic characters (habitus, color, male protarsomeres 4–5, median lobes, and parameres) are illustrated. Data on the distribution of the species are given, showing that most of the species occur in the central, mountain part of Papua New Guinea.

Chiloschista pulchella (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) new orchid species from Lao PDR.

The new species, Chiloschista pulchella (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) was discovered in Hin Nam No Nature Protected Area, Khammoune Province of the central Laos. The paper provides detailed description and illustration of this species, which is identified as a local endemic of karstic rocky limestone of the northern part of the protected area. It differs from all known congeners in the thin lip, median lip lobe dissected into two small subulate lobules, as well as in large purple blotches on the lip side-lobes never found in other species of this genus. The newly discovered plant represents interest for cultivation as an ornamental plant and needs protection in its natural habitats.