View Of Media Research Articles

Combatting Stereotypes: The Media's View versus Personal Experiences in Pakistan and the United States

ABSTRACT Pakistan and US media often negatively portray the opposite side. The media's propagation of negative imagery that two friends (one American and one Pakistani) both consumed in their early lives did not prevent them from being curious and open-minded about each other's countries. This article addresses how one American and one Paskistani had their views shaped by American and Pakistani media and how their personal experiences contradicted those media images.

Twitter Use by Academic Nuclear Medicine Programs: Pilot Content Analysis Study.

BackgroundThere is scant insight into the presence of nuclear medicine (NM) and nuclear radiology (NR) programs on social media.ObjectiveOur purpose was to assess Twitter engagement by academic NM/NR programs in the United States.MethodsWe measured Twitter engagement by the academic NM/NR community, accounting for various NM/NR certification pathways. The Twitter presence of NM/NR programs at both the department and program director level was identified. Tweets by programs were cross-referenced against potential high-yield NM- or NR-related hashtags, and tabulated at a binary level. A brief survey was done to identify obstacles and benefits to Twitter use by academic NM/NR faculty.ResultsFor 2019-2020, 88 unique programs in the United States offered NM/NR certification pathways. Of these, 52% (46/88) had Twitter accounts and 24% (21/88) had at least one post related to NM/NR. Only three radiology departments had unique Twitter accounts for the NM/molecular imaging division. Of the other 103 diagnostic radiology residency programs, only 16% (16/103) had a presence on Twitter and 5% (5/103) had tweets about NM/NR. Only 9% (8/88) of NM/NR program directors were on Twitter, and three program directors tweeted about NM/NR. The survey revealed a lack of clarity and resources around using Twitter, although respondents acknowledged the perceived value of Twitter engagement for attracting younger trainees.ConclusionsCurrently, there is minimal Twitter engagement by the academic NM/NR community. The perceived value of Twitter engagement is counterbalanced by identifiable obstacles. Given radiologists’ overall positive views of social media’s usefulness, scant social media engagement by the NM community may represent a missed opportunity. More Twitter engagement and further research by trainees and colleagues should be encouraged, as well as the streamlined use of unique hashtags.

“You Can Connect with Like, the World!”: Social Platforms, Survival Support, and Digital Inequalities for People Experiencing Homelessness

Abstract This study examines how people experiencing homelessness invest their efforts in locating survival support over social media and crowdfunding and the barriers they experience along the way. Reporting on ethnographic fieldwork with unstably housed adults in Chicago, the study introduces the concept of connective ambition to describe how platform narratives take hold in a context of deep exclusion, informing a view of social media as a vast terrain of untapped support from strangers. Digital inequality emerges in the failure of campaigns to raise money for rent from virtual ties, but also in how limited skills and heightened concerns over privacy and safety discourage most people living on the street from ever seeking out support over social media. Ethnography can help better illustrate the interlocking features of offline and digital inequalities, showing how status-specific uses of social platforms emerge and shape unequal outcomes of digital participation for members of marginalized communities.

Examination of Hysterosalpingography in Patients With Suspected Infertility at The Radiology Department of Dr.R. Soetrasno Rembang Hospital

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the most commonly used imaging diagnostic to determine the tubal patency in patient with indications of infertility. The technique used in the HSG procedure is different in some studies. The aim of this study was to determine the technique of hysterosalpingography (HSG) examination with patients suspected of infertility in dr.R. Soetrasno Rembang hospital. The method was a case study approach. Results showed HSG examination using plain photo Anteroposterior (AP) projection, AP projection with 3 cc contrast media and 7 cc contrast media, then post evacuation. The AP projection already revealed uterus, fallopian tubes, spill on the peritoneum, reduce radiation dose, and the pain of patients. They used 3 cc and 7 cc of contrast media because the examination did not use fluoroscopy. The 3 cc of contrast media views the uterus only then 7 cc view the fallopian tube and its spill. HSG plays a crucial role to determine the cause of infertility, especially to evaluate the morphology and patency of the fallopian tubes in women so the radiology team should become familiar with examination techniques used, give the patient education to avoid movement, and hold their body motionless also taking a mild pain reliever before the HSG examination.

Media-centric and Politics-centric Views of Media and Democracy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Political Communication and the International Journal of Press/Politics

ABSTRACT Political communication is a dynamic, interdisciplinary field that has grown in stature and reach in recent decades, becoming more international in scope and orientation while gaining respect in political science as a legitimate area of inquiry. In the evolving and participatory media-politics landscape, it becomes important to ask how the cross-disciplinary project of political communication research is keeping pace with changing conditions that provide a greater structural role for the press in politics and new technology in the enactment of citizenship. To track these trends in research, this paper reports the results of a longitudinal content analysis of research articles published in the journals Political Communication and the International Journal of Press/Politics for the period 1996-2016. For each year, we selected one issue at random and examined all research articles in that issue, excluding reviews, invited theme essays, and commentaries. Altogether, 229 articles were included in the analysis. Results indicate a noticeable increase in the internationalization of political communication research over the 20-year analysis period, a slight decrease in research expressing a negative evaluative tone toward the media over time, and consistent growth in the percentage of articles with a media-centric focus, defined as positioning the press as a central consideration in the study and regarding news media as central to democratic life. In light of these findings, the unique interpretive lenses that researchers adopt depending on discipline are explored in relation to ongoing developments in political communication research.

The International and Post-disciplinary Journey of Political Communication: Reflections on “Media-centric and Politics-centric Views of Media and Democracy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Political Communication and the International Journal of Press/Politics”

ABSTRACT Political communication research has become more international over the past decades, but this has mainly meant expanding the scope of our discipline from the very United States-centric perspective that characterized its founding years to the broader realm of liberal Western democracies. As a result, a wide gap remains between our knowledge of political communication in countries in the so-called Global North and Global South. Besides expanding its international outlook, contemporary political communication research needs to tackle the challenges of reconciling different normative perspectives and to embrace the opportunities of “post-disciplinary” approaches.

Communication, fear and collective trauma in first wave COVID-19 “double epidemic” in Italy: traces and clues

The Coronavirus epidemic has demonstrated just how unprepared our societies were for an occurrence of this kind. On March 2020, the Italian government was in fact the first in Europe to implement a strategy of lockdown on the whole national territory, not just in the areas where outbreaks occurred. The coronavirus crisis was concentrated in a specific area: in particular, the region of Lombardy and some isolated provinces in the north of Italy. So Italy has suffered a “double” epidemic, but the strategy adopted was uniform and radical. This contribution does not focus on the effectiveness of the Italian strategy per sè. The aim is rather to analyse the Italian Case from the point of view of media and institutional communications with the intention of bringing to light some critical issues. In particular, here it is posited that emergency communication produced during the “first wave” of pandemic has significantly contributed to fostering a climate of anxiety and collective fear with possible traumatogenic consequences. Within an emergency context, communication can be the thin boundary line between collective trauma and resilience and covid 19 pandemic was also a public communication crisis. This essay tries to analyse some traumatogenetic issues of institutional and media communication during the coronavirus crisis in Italy. Below a non-exhaustive list of these issues: A dramatic center-periphery coordination deficit; Wavering institutional communication; The “numerological” hegemony"; The absence of an “exit strategy”.

Social media engagement and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in primary school children

ABSTRACT This study explored primary school children’s personal use and views of social media and the social and psychological drivers that may underpin engagement. 100 children, aged 9 – 11 years old, in a Welsh, urban local authority completed an online questionnaire investigating social media engagement (SME) and perceptions of use, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), and ways to support young social media users. Six children were interviewed to further explore ways to overcome the reported challenges with SME. 82% of children surveyed used social media and a significant positive correlation was found between levels of FOMO and SME. Thematic analysis revealed that children enjoyed using social media and managed risks with assertiveness and initiative. However, conflict between competing motivations and underlying assumptions regarding stranger interaction could place children at risk. The findings convey a strong argument for more in-depth, psychologically informed, primary e-safety curricula addressing peer pressure, self-worth, and online interactions with strangers.

Media and Responsibility for Their Effects: Instrumental vs. Environmental Views

From the perspective of media ecology, this paper explores the question of responsibility for the effects that media have on society. To explain these media effects, two approaches are singled out. (1) The instrumental approach assumes that a medium works as a tool used by a user for a purpose. (2) The environmental approach focuses on the capacity of a medium to become an environmental force that reshapes both the habitat and the inhabitants. The instrumental approach to media, when taken too broadly and without an understanding of its limits, leads to conspiracy theories and inadequate social and political assessments. The more advanced and sophisticated environmental approach allows for an adequate understanding of media evolution and its effects but does not comply with the traditional legal notions of guilt and responsibility for actions, as there is no jurisdictional human or institutional agency when environmental forces are in play. After charting the distinction between the instrumental and environmental views of media, the paper focused on how the instrumental effects of media turn into environmental effects. The purpose of the paper is to develop and offer a media ecological apparatus for possible further juridical discussions regarding the regulation of the networking society.

Character attachment in team-based first person shooter game with respect to the role in the combat among Korean young gamers

Character attachment have been studied thoroughly from the view of psychology and media researches. In game playing, the player-avatar relationship is a form of character attachment and affects a good game design as well as management systems such as character customizing and in game purchasing policy. In this paper, we investigate such player-avatar relationship on the theme of team-based FPS where in general the attachment is not expected to be high. However, from the online survey for Tom Clancy’s Rainbow 6 Siege mania groups, we find that there are different character attachment patterns with respect to the role of players in the team–attacker, defender, and supporter. It shows that attackers think avatar as an ‘object, but the defenders show more ‘avatar as others’ than the attackers. The supporters show high responsibility for the avatar and their play style is most like ‘avatar as symbiote’ manner.

Social media, sentiment and public opinions: Evidence from #Brexit and #USElection

This paper studies information diffusion in social media and the potential role of bots in influencing public opinions. Using Twitter data on the 2016 E.U. Referendum (“Brexit”) and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, we find that diffusion of information on Twitter is largely complete within 1–2 h. Stronger diffusion between agents with similar beliefs is consistent with the “echo chambers” view of social media. Our results are consistent the notion that bots could have a tangible effect on the tweeting activity of humans and that the degree of bots’ influence depends on whether bots provide information consistent with humans’ priors. Overall, our results suggest that the aggressive use of Twitter bots, coupled with the fragmentation of social media and the role of sentiment, could enhance political polarization.

Prevention of Women Harassment and Fight For Human Rights-A Study on Me Too Movement by the Views of Media

Prevention of Women Harassment and Fight For Human Rights-A Study on Me Too Movement by the Views of Media

Development and Validation of a Social Media Questionnaire for Nursing Training: A Pilot Study.

Background: Social media platforms are integrated into the lives of students. Their use in education has been studied, but this research is scarce in nursing. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the questionnaire “Use and views of the social media for nursing education” through a pilot study, to describe the use and attitudes of nursing students to social media. Methods: Cross-sectional design to validate the modified scale “Students’ Use and Views of the Social Media questionnaire.” The sample consisted of 107 undergraduate nursing students. Results: The factor analysis extracted three main components to explain social media use for nursing education, with component 1 being the “Need to use media in my professional training,” component 2—“To deepen my professional knowledge” and component 3 “Contrast information.” High reliability was demonstrated with Chronbach’s alpha value (0.84). Conclusion: The final tool was proven to have high validity and reliability values, so it is positioned as a viable tool to explore this reality. Students use social media for education in a high proportion and have positive attitudes regarding their education inclusion.

Joy to the (Shopper) World: An S-O-R View of Digital Place-Based Media in Upmarket Shopping Malls

A few studies have investigated the effects of digital media at point of sale; however, there is a lack of understanding of shoppers’ experience of digital place-based media in shopping malls. The paper draws on environmental psychology (the stimulus- organism-response model) to provide an in-depth exploration of shoppers’ experience of digital media as they journey through upmarket shopping malls. The findings reveal that the media provide enjoyment and usefulness to shoppers’ experiences, and that this influences their responses. Some managerial advice to improve the experience with digital place-based media are offered. It is one of the first papers to explore the cross-effects between other media and digital place-based mall media. The findings can assist advertisers to enhance shoppers’ experiences, thus also enhancing engagement possibilities.

Profiting from a tainted trade: private investigators’ views on the popular culture glamorisation of their trade

Purpose The public fascination for private investigators has led to an abundance of imagery in popular culture media. This study aims to examine the views of practising private investigators regarding their professional images of dirty work. Design/methodology/approach To fill the gap in the literature, this study used data collected from semi-structured interviews with 33 industry practitioners from 3 Australian states. The paper investigates private investigator’s perceptions about themselves/job roles and the public perceptions of private investigators in Australia. Interviews were recorded and transcripts created. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken. Findings Private investigators were drawn from a range of professions, including public policing and government regulation. The findings indicate that the reality differs from the images typically portrayed in popular culture. Interviewees discussed the contrasts between media images and reality, providing a more complex portrayal of private investigation and what private investigators find satisfying and challenging about their work. Practical implications This study is helpful for improving the understanding of private policing, the media views of policing, those who conduct work within an environment considered to be tainted and their views of self. Originality/value Using a qualitative research design, this paper offers insights into the challenges facing private investigators and how they reconcile being in a tainted occupation with providing a necessary service to the community.

When Unfamiliarity Breeds Contempt: How Partisan Selective Exposure Sustains Oppositional Media Hostility

Partisans hold unfavorable views of media they associate with the other party. They also avoid out-party news sources. We link these developments and argue that partisans assess out-party media based on negative and inaccurate stereotypes. This means cross-cutting exposure that challenges these misperceptions can improve assessments of out-party media. To support this argument, we use survey-linked web browsing data to show that the public has hostile views of out-party news sources they rarely encounter. We conduct three survey experiments that demonstrate cross-cutting exposure to nonpolitical or neutral political stories, forms of news widely available from online partisan sources, reduces oppositional media hostility. This explains how perceptions of rampant bias from out-party media coexist with more modest differences in the online content of major partisan news outlets. More broadly, we illustrate how negative misperceptions can sustain animus towards an out-group when people avoid encounters with them.

Main Trends in Development of Media and Internet Resources in the Independent Kyrgyzstan

The article is providing analysis of the main trends in the development of media in independent Kyrgyzstan, and the spread of Internet resources. Many countries have the right to choose their own media model for development. It is a historical fact that independent Kyrgyzstan has chosen the freedom of speech and press during the years of independence. On the mass media front in the sovereign country, new non-traditional, format, range, themes, and views of media, which were not previously immersed in the communist party ideology, began to appear. In a short time, most of them were able to find their place among the people and readers. Media in Kyrgyzstan has changed its direction in politics, society, and economics.

Repertoires of Terror: News Media Classification of Militant Groups, 1970 to 2013

The authors examine how print news media classify militant groups as terrorist. Drawing on a relational view of news media and contentious politics, the authors develop a theory of repertoires of contention and classification. The authors argue that news media interpret the social standing of actors from the categories implied by the tactics they use and that variation in tactical repertoires explains the variation in classification among different groups and within individual groups over time. Using newly collected annual data on media coverage of 746 groups across 589,779 news articles from 1970 through 2013, statistical analyses support the authors’ argument. Moreover, consistent with scholarship on the evolution of political violence, the authors show that the effects of repertoires are sensitive to historical developments and vary in relation to key events, further supporting a relational repertoire view of the classification of terrorism.

청소년의 1인 미디어 시청 양상에 따른 군집별 자기통제력의 차이

본 연구는 중 · 고등학교에 재학 중인 남녀 청소년의 1인 미디어의 시청 양상이 어떠한 하위 유형이 있는지를 탐색하고, 이러한 하위 유형 집단별로 자기통제력에서 차이가 있는지를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이에 남녀 중 · 고등학생 240명의 응답을 바탕으로 군집분석을 시행한 결과, 무관심형, 적극활용형, 유희 한정 지속이용형, 무동기 적극시청형의 네 가지 유형으로 나누어졌다. 성별 및 학교급별로 하위 유형 분포 비율의 차이가 유의한지 확인한 결과, 성별 간 유의미한 분포 비율 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 학교급에 따른 군집의 분포는 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다. 중학생의 경우 무관심형의 비율이 높게 나타났고, 고등학생의 경우 적극활용형의 비율이 높았다. 다음으로 각 하위 유형 집단별로 자기통제력에서 차이가 있는지 검증한 결과, 자기통제력의 하위 변인인 즉각적 만족추구 경향이 적극활용형 집단에서 다른 집단보다 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 1인 미디어 이용에 대한 효과적인 상담 및 교육 프로그램에 대한 기초적인 함의를 제공하고자 한다.

디지털 미디어 환경에서 언론산업의 구조적 경쟁 문제에 대한 정책적 대응의 검토 (A Study on the Policy Movement for Structural Competition Problems of News Industry in Digital Media Environment)

Korean Abstract: 언론은 현대 사회에서 공적 사안에 관한 사실 보도와 여론 형성, 의제 설정 기능을 담당하며 민주주의의 건전한 발전에 기여해왔다. 따라서 하나의 산업군을 형성하며 언론사들을 중심으로 수행되어 온 이러한 기능이 정보화 시대에 디지털 플랫폼의 출현으로 생존의 위기에 직면하게 된 현 상황은 민주주의에 대한 위협으로 다가온다. 이러한 현상에 관해 언론·미디어학계를 중심으로 한 과거의 제한적인 연구와 디지털 플랫폼 경제에 대한 경쟁법학의 일반적 관심이 존재하나, 경쟁법적 관점에서 언론산업의 특별한 관심을 두고 수행된 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 반면에, 영국과 미국, 호주 등 해외 국가들에서는 최근 디지털 플랫폼이 언론산업의 경제적 상황에 미치는 영향에 관한 학술적 연구와 구체적인 대응 방안 마련의 논의가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 언론산업의 경제적 위기는 전 세계적 현상이라는 점에서 보편적 관심의 대상이며, 각국의 경제, 사회, 정치적 상황에 따른 특수성으로 인해 개별적인 고찰을 요하는 문제이기도 하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해외의 논의 및 대응 상황을 국내에 소개하고 그로부터 발견되는 문제의 성격과 시사점에 대해 검토하는 한편, 인터넷 포털을 중심으로 독특한 산업적·사회적 지형을 형성하고 있는 우리나라의 현실에서 그러한 해외의 논의를 어떻게 참고하여 발전시킬 것인지에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 요컨대, 본 연구는 언론산업 생태계를 둘러싼 논의 구조와 각국이 설정한 방향성에서 나타나는 특수성을 탐구하는 하위 주제 연구이자, 이를 바탕으로 경쟁법학의 방향 모색에 관한 일반적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목표로 하는 연구이다. 중심 주제는 해외의 논의에서 공통적으로 거대 디지털 플랫폼의 이익 독점 문제에 주목하고 경쟁법 집행보다 정책적 해결 수단을 모색하는 것과 관련하여, 경쟁법·정책의 역할과 한계, 및 수직적 관계에 무게추를 두고 현상적 측면에 천착하는 이러한 관점이 갖는 법적 의미에 대한 고민이다. ‘언론산업의 위기’ 문제는 우리나라의 고유한 상황에 대한 분석과 언론산업의 특수성에 대한 고려를 바탕으로 산업정책의 관점으로 접근할 영역이며, 현재로서는 우리 경쟁법·정책의 관심을 상황 분석과 장기적인 개선방향 모색의 문제에 두는 것이 바람직할 것이다. English Abstract: Journalism has provided enormous contribution to the development of the modern democratic society, by conducting its functions of public matters report, public opinion forming and agenda setting. However, due to the development of information technologies and the emergence of gigantic digital platforms, journalism has been put under risky conditions of financial sustainability, which is regarded as a threat to the democracy. While these issues have been partially covered in media/journalism studies, and there have been legal studies conducted regarding general issues on the economic impacts of digital platforms in the area of competition law, it is hard to find in Korea legal studies mainly focusing on the genuine features of the competition problems arising in the news media industry in relation to the digital platforms. By contrast, outside Korea, there exist numerous studies and policy discourses analyzing competition problems which were recently conducted in those jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. The economic crisis in journalism is a matter of a general concern as it arises all over the world, while at the same time, such phenomenon requires individual approaches due to the uniqueness of each nation’s economic, social and political conditions. In this connection, this study introduces such foreign studies and discourses and reviews the characteristics of the problematic conditions along with their implications to the competition law and policy. Also discussed is how such studies and discussions abroad should be considered in our domestic situation where a unique industrial and social background is formed around the Internet portal services. This study explores the distinctiveness of the discourse structure and appropriate policy direction towards news media industry/ecosystem as a study topic subordinate to the general competition study, while at the same time trying to draw more general implications on the seeking of the right paths for the competition law and policy. It is of specific interest that the studies reviewed herein take note of the vertical relationship between digital platforms and press publishers while focusing on the phenomenal aspects, and that most jurisdictions are trying to tackle the problems with policy measures rather than competition enforcement. Based on these observations, this study contemplates the legal implications of such approaches as well as the questions on the roles and limitations of the competition policy. This study concludes that the ‘crisis in journalism’ is a matter of industrial policy that needs to be treated with a balanced view of the news media industry’s uniqueness and the inherent socioeconomic conditions of Korean journalism. Finally, the study advises that the concerns of competition law and policy be limited to understanding the media market structure and seeking long-term solutions.