Media Portrayals Research Articles

The influence of disordered eating and social media’s portrayals of pregnancy on young women’s attitudes toward pregnancy

BackgroundGiven the heightened emphasis on physical appearance and the prevalence of social media in young women, they are particularly vulnerable to experiencing negative body image and disordered eating. Therefore, modified social media portrayals of pregnancy could cause young women to have negative attitudes toward a potential pregnancy and subsequently not properly utilize care and resources. The present study examined the influence of disordered eating and modified portrayals of pregnancy on young women’s attitudes toward a potential pregnancy and various feelings associated with pregnancy.MethodsThe sample consisted of 154 women aged 18–30, who were given the Eating-Attitudes Test-26, randomly shown either modified or unmodified social media portrayals of pregnancy, then given the Attitudes Toward Potential Pregnancy Scale and the Gestational Weight Gain Psychosocial Risk Assessment Tool.ResultsA series of hierarchal regressions revealed that there were no significant main effects or interactions for young women’s attitudes toward potential pregnancy. However, women who viewed modified portrayals of pregnancy had higher self-efficacy, and women with higher levels of disordered eating had lower self-efficacy, more positive attitudes toward gestational weight gain, and lower current body image satisfaction.ConclusionsThese results highlight the myriad of different attitudes that young women have toward a potential pregnancy and how these attitudes are influenced by disordered eating and social media. Our findings can be used for educating caregivers and implementing intervention strategies for women.

Invisibility while under Scrutiny: Media Portrayals of White Temporary Foreign Workers

Background: Temporary foreign workers (TFWs) in Canada became the focus of public and media scrutiny in 2013 for allegedly replacing Canadian workers. One group of workers escaped the same scrutiny despite working in similar occupational categories—International Experience Canada (IEC) participants, primarily white, young workers from a variety of European countries, Australia, and New Zealand.Analysis: This article explores the significance of the spectre of whiteness to contemporary Canadian migration governance and employs critical discourse analysis, paying attention to the tone of select front-page coverage of the IEC program in two Canadian and two Irish news outlets.Conclusions and implications: The limited coverage of ethnically white IEC participants shielded them from the negative scrutiny experienced by racialized TFWs. “Irish” became a stand-in for the infinite variability of whiteness in Canadian nationhood.

“The Most Dangerous Fifth Column in the Americas:” U.S. Journalists and Mexico’s Unión Nacional Sinarquista during World War II

Between 1937 and 1945, numerous American journalists became gravely concerned about a rapidly growing Mexican Catholic right-wing movement, the Unión Nacional Sinarquista (UNS). Founded in 1937, the UNS spread rapidly across Mexico and by 1941, the Sinarquistas had formed numerous chapters in the United States as well. This coincided with the U.S. entry into World War II, and a heightened concern about the potential threat represented by immigrants loyal to Axis powers. Thus, U.S. journalists devoted significant coverage to the Sinarquista movement, casting it as a Fifth Column movement that was taking money, arms, and direct orders from enemies of the United States. In doing so, journalists largely downplayed the inherently Catholic character of the movement, as well as its deep roots in Mexican Church-state history, interpreting it instead within the framework of contemporary geopolitics. As a result, U.S. media consumers received an incomplete portrait of this particular religious “other”. In this article, I focus on the writings of the journalists Allan Chase and Betty Kirk, in order to assess how and why religion and religious belief was de-emphasized in influential media portrayals of the UNS, and why this matters for historians and journalists interested in religious movements.

Attention to news media coverage of unconventional oil/gas development impacts: Exploring psychological antecedents and effects on issue support

Research has examined media portrayals of unconventional oil and gas development's (UOGD) economic and environmental impacts. We examine how selective attention to media coverage of the impacts impact issue attitudes; the role of political ideology in driving such attention; and how this political divide emerges via selective attention to aforementioned content. We contribute to existing work on media attention antecedents and outcomes but with a hitherto unexplored focus on specific issue dimensions that have garnered media and public attention. We explore these relationships using U.S. national survey data (n = 700). We find that political ideology is not associated with attention to coverage of economic impacts, but such attention is predictive of higher UOGD support. Moreover, political ideology is associated with attention to coverage of environmental impacts (more conservative → less attention), and such attention predicts lower support. This indirect effect was also statistically meaningful. Overall, UOGD news media discourse (and attention thereto) has important energy policy implications.

Global Oncology Nursing Recruitment and Retention: A SWOT Analysis

ObjectivesThis article documents the current status of global recruitment and retention of oncology nurses. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats model was used to identify internal-to-nursing recruitment and retention factors/influences and external opportunities and threats as well as strategies and initiatives to improve the current situation. Data SourcesData sources include published and grey literature from around the world. ConclusionDespite the increasing cancer burden threatening public health worldwide, recruitment and retention of oncology nurses remains challenging. Nursing strengths include action by oncology nursing associations, prelicensure nurse recruitment and preceptorships, and models of hospital shared governance. Nursing weaknesses include nurse bullying, practice models that curtail clinical nurses’ autonomy, and hierarchical and inflexible nursing leadership. External to nursing are opportunities exemplified by international partnerships in oncology care and international oncology conferences for networking and learning. Examples of external threats are a lack of oncology nursing faculty, disrespectful media portrayal of nurses, community misconceptions about cancer curability, and hazards of cancer nursing. Implications for Nursing PracticeGovernments and hospital authorities wishing to successfully address cancer control must strategically plan for the recruitment and retention of an adequate nursing workforce. Opportunities such as government recognition of oncology specialty training, shared governance, continuing specialized education, advanced practice nursing roles and career paths, and participation in national cancer control planning will increase and sustain a critical oncology nursing workforce.

Supplemental Material for Evaluation of the StigmaWatch Program’s Impact on Media Portrayals of Suicide and Mental Illness

Supplemental Material for Evaluation of the StigmaWatch Program’s Impact on Media Portrayals of Suicide and Mental Illness

Negotiation of Representation of Rohingya in Thailand through Faith-Based Media

This article analyzes media representations in Thailand of the Rohingya, an ethnic minority being persecuted in Myanmar, with a focus on those representations in faith-based media like the White Channel. Media representations help form people’s perceptions of others. Representations of the Rohingya as refugees and migrants, as a result of the interaction of rhetoric and ideology within the nation state, demonizes and paints the Rohingya as the ‘Other’, influencing public dialogue. However, individual Rohingya in Thailand are also steering the course for their own future by trying to tell their own stories. Keywords: Rohingya, Media and migration, Representation, Media portrayals, Faith-based organization.

Differences in Religious Framing of Muslims and Islam in American Media Coverage Before and After the Trump Campaign

ABSTRACT Over the last 20 years Muslims have received a disproportionate amount of news media attention. In 2017 they were again thrust into the spotlight when the Trump administration issued a travel ban blocking entry from seven predominately-Muslim countries. With our hand coding of over 900 newspaper articles and mixed modeling techniques, we examine the newspaper rhetoric surrounding Muslims before and during the Trump administration and across US states. We find that after President Trump’s election, fewer newspapers mentioned religion or referenced Muslim claimsmakers. We also reveal that higher state-level religious salience was associated with more newspapers referencing religious claimsmakers in Islam-related discussions. Other state-level political and religious characteristics had no effect on the use of religious elements or Muslims claimsmakers. These results provide insight into the position of Muslims and Islam in the United States, as well as the impact of political rhetoric on media portrayals.

The Portrayal of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Egyptian Media: A Comparative Media Study Between TV Channels and Online Newspapers

This paper analyzes the media portrayal of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Egyptian Media and comparing between TV Channels & Online Newspapers.Media portrayal should be objective and balance to direct people’s mind towards what’s best for them so, the aim of this paper is to define objectivity and balance in reporting news then, explore objectivity and balance of media portrayal for COVID-19 Vaccines in the Egyptian Media. This paper is going to use the qualitative content analysis for the Egyptian media.This research attempts to study the impact of media through Framing theory & Agenda building theory by explaining how media can frame any topic to certain perspective.This topic falls under SDG number 3 Good health and Well-Being ensuring people’s good health in the Egyptian society. Keywords : Media portrayal / COVID-19 / Vaccine / Objectivity / Balance DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/104-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Mediji i kriminalno ponašanje - između društvene odgovornosti i destrukcije

This paper examines the interplay between media and criminal activities, highlighting the numerous stereotypes and misconceptions about criminality that often originate from the media's construction of reality, driven by sensationalism and profit-seeking. In scrutinizing the media's engagement with criminal matters, the paper comprehensively analyzes the intricate dynamic between providing informative content and the allure of sensationalism. The paper accentuates the pivotal role of the media in disseminating information to the public, promoting justice, and stimulating discourse on the causal factors and repercussions of criminal behavior. The paper underscores the adverse societal impacts of the media, including the propagation of disinformation, the endorsement of violence and aggression, the cultivation of media dependency, and the ramifications for mental health. It meticulously explores the dissemination of false news, identifies sources of disinformation, and formulates strategies to mitigate this predicament. The nexus between the media's portrayal of violence and tangible instances of aggressive conduct is scrutinized, delving into industry self-regulation and the roles played by family, education, and society in addressing this issue. Furthermore, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of how the media portrays criminal activities, with a particular emphasis on popular television genres centered on criminal themes. It elucidates the psychological dimension of the appeal of such narratives, offering insights into diverse motivators prompting viewers to identify with criminal acts. In conclusion, the paper presents an empirical research into the perceptions of citizens in Serbia concerning the influence exerted by both legacy and new media.

Smash cut to black: Exploring Maladaptive Psychological Patterns in Tony Soprano and Their Impact on the Audience in The Sopranos

James Gandolfini's lead role as Tony in The Sopranos has garnered critical attention for its nuanced portrayal of a mafia leader coping with mental health issues. This article explores and analyzes the dysfunctional psychological patterns exhibited by this character throughout the series and the impact on its viewers. This research offers an in-depth exploration into the development and manifestation of Tony Soprano's psychological disorders. It examines the underlying reasons and subsequent repercussions of his behavior combining a psychoanalytic framework and a content analysis methodology. By engaging in these approaches, it provides significant insights on the complex interplay between his delinquent conduct and mental health disorders. It uses qualitative content analysis to closely analyze pivotal episodes and character interactions across all seasons of The Sopranos. Informed by established psychological theories, this study identifies and interprets recurrent behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns within Tony Soprano's character. Additionally, it explores the impact of sociocultural factors on his psychological development. This analysis uncovers a range of maladaptive psychological patterns exhibited by Tony Soprano, encompassing antisocial and borderline personality disorders, pervasive anxiety, chronic depression, anger management issues, narcissistic tendencies, and unresolved childhood trauma. These complex dynamics emerge in his relationships with others, impact his decision-making, and significantly add to the richness of his character and the series’ storytelling. The Sopranos presents Tony as an intriguing case study, revealing the complex interplay between criminal behavior and psychological dysfunction. This article underscores the significance of recognizing and addressing psychological struggles in high-stress, morally ambiguous contexts, highlighting the intricacies of human nature. By delving into the layers of Tony Soprano's psyche, one gains valuable insights into this character's enduring relevance and allure and its portrayal in contemporary media. Moreover, this study suggests that Tony's portrayal may serve as a point of identification and reflection for viewers with similar pathological profiles. Understanding his complexity may offer a platform for individuals confronting analogous challenges to cope and seek help. As a result, this study may favorably encourage viewers to empathize with Tony Soprano's psychological difficulties, generating empathy and stimulating conversations regarding mental health depiction in media. Further research in this area has the potential to deepen our comprehension of the relationship between crime, mental health, and personal growth, with implications for both clinical practice and media studies.

Picturing Political Power: Eighteenth-Century Korean Portraits in San Francisco's Asian Art Museum

Picturing Political Power: Eighteenth-Century Korean Portraits in San Francisco's Asian Art Museum

The Role of Egyptian Media in Raising Awareness and Applying Preventive Measures During Phases of COVID-19 Crisis: A Comparative Media Study of Traditional and Social Media

This study aims to explore the relationship between Egyptian media representation of COVID-19 crisis and raising awareness along with constructing preventive response during the phases of such crisis. COVID-19 has been highly, globally covered by all media platforms, whether traditional or new media through different projection or frames by using specific language and words to deliver information about the disease vaccine and its consequences regarding stopping the crisis.Preventive measure are actions implied by media portrayals to persuade audiences to behaviorally respond to the pandemic disease by providing people with tips like wearing a mask/gloves, staying at home, and keeping social distance. These preventive responses can sometimes be ineffective if audiences' preferences aren’t matching the media source delivering information which takes us to the importance of studying audiences’ needs and wants as well as addressing their concerns and stress.The study targets two age groups of males and females (18-25 and 26-30), to explain the use of traditional and new media in constructing perceptions upon COVID-19 vaccine plan and the urge Egyptian media impose when it comes to accepting the vaccine intake. Social media platforms are widely used as prosumers are no longer restricted from sharing, selecting, and creating the content which takes the portrayal of news to a new level.Moreover, this study will use “The Crisis Communication Lifecycle” model as its theoretical framework through which it explains the types of information needed to be delivered in times of crisis by explaining five main stages the crisis will go through.Besides, the study will use a mini survey to explore media’ role in raising awareness and affecting Egyptian’s behavioral responses concerning COVID-19 crisis along with Egyptians interactivity and reliance on traditional and social media Keywords: Media Representation, Raising Awareness, Preventive Measure, Crisis Management, Crisis Communication Lifecycle DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/104-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Newspapers’ portrayal of the teaching profession during the Covid-19 pandemic in England: A content analysis

During the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers in England reported that they felt the teaching profession was negatively portrayed by the media, leading to a sense that teachers were not valued in society. This perception may have contributed to a decline in teachers’ wellbeing during the pandemic. We examine the extent to which teachers’ perception of the media’s negative portrayal of the teaching profession is supported by evidence. We conducted a content analysis of frontpage headlines in newspapers in England, related to Covid-19 and aspects of pre-16 education, between March 2020 and January 2022. The findings supported teachers’ perceptions, that there was an element of negativity in headlines related to teachers during the pandemic, to some extent. However, the findings indicated that other groups (e.g. teaching unions, medical professionals, and the government) were also portrayed as responsible for the challenging situations in schools in England during the pandemic. There was no difference found in the portrayal of the teaching profession between newspapers of different political ideologies. As teachers’ perceptions of the media portrayal of their profession during the pandemic has been linked to teachers ‘ wellbeing, further research into the origins of this portrayal of teachers could be beneficial to prevent the exacerbation of this issue.

Female Sympathisers of ISIS as Muhajirahs in ISIS-Affiliated Media

International media have reported on the Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS), an international terrorist organisation based in Syria and Iraq since 2014. Women, often young and unmarried, were leaving their homes and families to sneak into Syria and join ISIS, according to reports in the international media (Neumann, 2015). Sjoberg &Gentry (2011) assert that the media's portrayal of female terrorists and the factors that encourage women to support terrorist organisations have not been sufficiently investigated. This study examines the discursive strategies employed by ISIS-affiliated media outlets to represent female sympathisers as muhajirahs. Using Critical Discourse Analysis – the Discourse Historical Approach (Resigl, 2017), this paper will analyse the diverse and often contested ways in which the Self versus Other (Wodak, 2009) schemata is prominent in the representations of ISIS female sympathisers. The data were taken from ISIS-affiliated media, including the Manifesto from the Al Khannssa Brigade and six Dabiq magazines. This paper will focus on referential, predicational and argumentation strategies (topoi) in the selected ISIS-affiliated media. This paper intends to pave the way for an examination of gender and terrorism that explores the complexities of representations by examining gender through multiple lenses.

Scoping review of medical students' perceptions of the field of dermatology.

Although perceived barriers to applying to dermatology have been researched among medical students, there remains a dearth of literature dedicated to understanding perceptions that medical students have of the field of dermatology and dermatologists. A review of the literature in Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were carried out to identify articles and abstracts between 2016 and 2021 relating to medical student perceptions of the field of dermatology. Peer-reviewed English studies measuring attitudes/level of interest in dermatology or other specialities, understanding of dermatologic topics, procedures, and/or scope of practice were included. Duplicate studies and conference abstracts were excluded. All publications were screened using the PRISMA-Sc guidelines. Findings were summarised and tabulated accordingly. A total of nine articles met inclusion criteria and eight are included in this review since one was not accessible online. Notable findings include non-US medical students perceiving dermatology as monotonous, stigmatized, unfamiliar, and difficult to access with a misunderstanding of the diversity and severity of the conditions dermatologists treat. No data on US medical student perceptions was found. Perceptions were found to be influential in career planning: medical students may reject specialities after exposure to negative comments on the field. Factors attracting students to dermatology include the appeal of being a dermatologist, media portrayal, and dermatologists' influence on patients' lives. Completion of dermatology-related activities improved medical student interest, comfort, and understanding of the field. Early dermatology exposure in US undergraduate premedical students led to heightened interest in the field, more confidence in ability to find dermatology mentors, and increased perception that dermatology serves the needs of underserved communities. This review demonstrates the need to further investigate medical student perceptions of dermatology, particularly in the United States. Perceptions of medical specialities can impact medical student career choices. Understanding which misconceptions may be preventing students from exploring dermatology can inform efforts towards improving diversity, equity, and inclusion: translating to an equitable match and improving patient outcomes. Limitations include exclusion of articles published before 2016, geographic variability in studies, and limited data on evolving student perceptions over time.

Protest reporting across clientelist media systems

Most protest paradigm studies examining news media's portrayals of protesters are based on an assumption that the way the paradigm operates within the U.S. media system is similar around the globe. To overcome these weaknesses, this content analysis (n = 1200) of protest-related news coverage in two Balkan and two Central American countries examines how media clientelism-manifested via ownership, concentration, and state advertising-influences media representations of protesters. Results highlight important regional differences in protest coverage, and confirm the role of government and elites in clientelist environments is more complex than hypothesized. We found that while clientelism contributes to the protest paradigm, delegitimizing coverage is not automatic, and varies by frame and media ownership, as political and economic interests differentially influence protest coverage depending not just on the outlets’ ties to the state, but also the social contexts surrounding the protests themselves.

Whose Satan? U.S. mainstream media depictions of The Satanic Temple

Based on a corpus of 40 U.S. news articles and transcribed news videos, I bring together techniques from Critical Discourse Analysis with concepts from cognitive linguistics in analyzing mainstream portrayals of The Satanic Temple (TST), a newer, non-supernaturalist religion. I probe quotation, lexis, and metaphor, and interrogate patterns through the lenses of framing, radial category structure, and Lakoff’s Idealized Cognitive Models. I draw form-based parallels between mainstream U.S media portrayals of TST and accounts from the CDA literature of othering portrayals of other marginalized groups, in the U.S. and elsewhere. I submit that many accounts of TST are sensationalist, and propose reclamation as a useful lens for understanding the contemporary Satanist identity. I suggest that research on news values, particularly Bednarek and Caple’s concept of Negativity, is a useful avenue for further research.

How the Identity of Substance Users Shapes Public Opinion on Opioid Policy

How do media portrayals of potential policy beneficiaries’ identities sway public support for these policies in a public health setting? Using a pre-registered vignette experiment, we show that the racial identity of substance users depicted in news media shapes public opinion on policies to address the opioid crisis. People display biases in favor of their own racial identity group that manifest in their support for both treatment-based policies and punitive policies. We show that these biases may be moderated by the type of initial drug used by a substance user and associated levels of perceived blame. Extending theories of group politics, we also assess favoritism based on gender and residential context identities, but find no such biases. These results highlight the continued centrality of race in the formation of policy preferences.

Media Framing of Disasters and Its Implications for Tourism Industry Policy: Case of Surabaya terrorist attack 2018 and Mt. Agung eruption 2017, Indonesia

Tourist destinations worldwide are periodically jeopardised by natural disaster events that threaten tourists’ safety; consequently, the tourism industry is impacted. Mass media has a role to communicate and warn the public about disaster. Media portrayal on disaster events is likely to contribute to the tourism industry recovery and resilience. However, media has played a role in sending a negative message to tourists, making them hesitate to visit the destination. Limited researches have focused on how the media frames disaster events, and how policy makers could intervene. Based on analysis of media coverage of the Surabaya terrorist attack in 2018 and Mt. Agung eruption in 2017, this paper looked at how media framed disaster events and its consequences to the tourism industry policy. A content analysis of mass media from both national and international newspapers of Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore were conducted. The research identified five different framings on the two disasters, including source of problems, impact, solution, responsibility, and adaptive versus maladaptive. Findings also highlights the limited policy response towards these potentially negative media portrayal. Based on these findings, partnership between media and the government should be fostered to encourage post-disaster recovery.