Media Organizations Research Articles

An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Game Theory for Appraisal of Balanced Scorecard Indexes in Media Industry

Todays, the media industry encompasses all businesses that allow information to be shared (traditional and digital media). Media is vast, large, and ever-growing, and is an incredibly popular sector at the minute, and an extremely interesting area to research work in. This paper considered a news agency of media organization as a Decision-Making Unit (DMU). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) indexes on measuring the efficiency of DMU. This was done by a new hybrid model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), cooperative game theory and Shapley value index. The initial values of the DEA model were selected from among the BSC indexes in four perspectives (i.e., financial, customer, internal processes, and growth and learning). Finally, the proposed model was experimented on a case study and the computational results were obtained. The results showed that the profitability ratio with a Shapley value of 2.903 and the percentage of satisfied audiences with a Shapley value of 0.404 had the highest and lowest reflection in performance assessment, respectively. The rest of the results were presented and discussed in detail. This study can reveal scientific orientation to increase organizational performance to media managers and policymakers.

Understanding Media Functions Through Belief into Action Scale: A Case of Islamabad-based Pakistani News Reporters

The current research focused on exploring the inclination of Islamabad-based news reporters to get influenced by their religious beliefs while performing different media functions of civic, service, loyal-facilitator, disseminator-interventionist, watchdog, and infotainment as part of their professional roles. The study adopted the “Belief into Action Scale to deploy a quantitative cross-sectional survey and collected data from 310 news reporters serving in various print and electronic media organizations in the Federal Capital. The findings of the study revealed that the influence of religious beliefs varied between gender groups, with male news reporters being more influenced than their female counterparts. Similarly, older news reporters were more influenced by religious beliefs as compared to younger colleagues. Moreover, this influence also varied among the news reporters performing different media functions, with Loyal-Facilitators, Disseminator-Interventionists, and the ones who performed service and civic roles scoring higher on the variable of Religious Beliefs and Practices.

The topic of climate change in Polish media coverage on the example of the 26th UN Climate Change Conference

Climate change is one of the most critical global issues, engaging not just researchers and activists but also members of the power elite responsible for political decisions. A key annual event for discussing the challenges of climate change is the UN Climate Conference. Its 26th edition, held in Glasgow in 2021, received widespread coverage in both traditional and online media, earning the moniker “last chance summit.” This article presents a study on the media portrayal of the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26). Concept: The research focused on news published during the Conference in three primary TV news broadcasts (“News”, “Events”, “Facts”) and on the main pages of three internet news portals (Interia, Onet, WP). Results: The study found that COP26, while competing for media attention with other significant events (such as protests against anti-abortion laws and the migration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border), was featured by all surveyed media organizations. Additionally, each TV news outlet, through actions like sending reporters to Glasgow, and each online portal, through initiatives like participating in Greenpeace-organized events, emphasized the conference’s importance.

News Frames as Islamophobic Narratives: Radicalized Concepts

Media meets individuals' information/news needs, entertains them, and influences their political preferences through the content it produces. In addition to these fundamental functions, media, which also has many functions that can shape everyday life, plays an important role in constructing/determining meaning in an individual's mental world. The increase in Islamophobia, which has become a global problem, has also been influenced by the problematic nature/editorial policies of international and national media outlets. The media, which produces content with a form that dictates how individuals should think about Islam and Muslims, and what meanings should form in their minds, shapes the mental world of individuals with the meaning frames it creates. This study aims to understand in what frames news about elements known as Islamic clothing/appearance, such as headscarves, hijab, veiling, turban, thobe, taqiyah, and beard are presented in the Turkish media. Therefore, news articles on the websites of media organizations named Sözcü, Cumhuriyet, and Halk TV, which were selected through purposive sampling, were analyzed using the framing technique. The research findings indicate that concepts related to Islam and Muslims are presented in a radicalized manner, framed with negative narratives and that Islamophobic thinking patterns are conveyed to individuals.

Media Strategies and the Growth of Kiswahili among Journalism Students in Kenyan Universities

Purpose: This research traces the influence of strategies employed by the Kenyan media in their strive to realize the growth of Swahili language among the youth, specifically, university students studying journalism in Kenyan universities. The fundamental concerns that were on focus here were; debates, competitions and rewards, use of experts, number of programs, program frequency and program placement and the way they have been used to improve Swahili language.
 Methodology: The study used mixed method design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. It targeted University students sampled from 4 public Universities in Nairobi County. A sample size of 327 students was used. Focus group discussions involving 32 FGDs participants were also involved. Four Swahili experts were interviewed to get expert opinion. Multi-stage sampling design was used to select the sample for the survey. This sampling technique was appropriate because the study sample was selected in stages using stratified random sampling and simple random sampling technique. Purposive sampling was used to collect qualitative data. The tools used to collect data were questionnaire for quantitative data, interview schedule for key informants and interview guide for focus group discussions. These were to help to assess the effect of the strategies employed by the media organizations in connection with airing Swahili programmes and if these strategies influence the growth of Kiswahili. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data to give results shared in this paper. Data was then analyzed using SPSS (version 20) statistical program and presented using inferential statistics, descriptive, correlation regression and ANOVA analysis.
 Findings: The study revealed that the strategies employed by the media indeed have significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth. For instance, majority of the respondents agreed that Swahili competition programs in media have made them develop positive attitude toward Kiswahili. Additionally, a majority of the respondents agreed that when experts are used in presenting Swahili programmes it makes them use correct grammar. The study also noted that respondents agreed that an increase in number of discussion programs in Swahili have improved their Swahili vocabulary.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Media as an agent of language growth is known to employ certain strategies that play a big role in changing the youths’ attitude towards Kiswahili language. Social learning theory, Behaviorist Theory of Language Development and Cultivation theory informed this study. Evidence from media programmes indicated that much has been done by both television and radio in form of strategies that have played a big role in promoting the language. These strategies are linked to the debates, rewards a well as the challenges that face the language growth. The study thus revealed that the strategies employed by the media indeed have significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth.

The Impact of Changing Work Practices in Journalism in Ireland

Journalists are working in an ever-changing environment (where precarity has become commonplace). Reporters are increasingly required to multi-task, as news has become ubiquitous. This includes writing and editing copy, posting content online and on social media, sourcing images, recording and editing audio and recording pieces to camera: the traditional television, radio and print reporter all rolled into one. Yet, additional duties are not matched by increased pay; in some instances resources have been cut, and management cite reduced advertising revenue as the main reason. This research examined the impact of those changes to work practices on journalists, the media industry, and on wider society in Ireland, where multi-tasking has become more prevalent in the past 10 to 15 years and the pressures faced by journalists have intensified in the aftermath of COVID-19. Twelve journalists working in the media in Ireland were interviewed as part of this research. Their perceptions on the main influences on their work practices were explored. The findings of this research argue that due to the relentless drive for profit maximization, the result is that insufficient time and resources are made available to run newsrooms adequately and this is particularly prevalent in the regional press. This means ‘desk’ journalism is prioritized over ‘field’ reporting, while the battle between accuracy and immediacy is placing journalists under immense pressure and this also affects the quality of content produced and disseminated. Also, there is insufficient focus by media organizations on time intensive journalism i.e., investigative journalism—which potentially impacts everyone’s lives—and this influences how ordinary citizens understand the world around them. This research argues that the ability of journalism to hold the powerful to account is diminishing. Journalism, in its current trajectory, does not fulfil its Fourth Estate or ‘watchdog’ function, and critically, this influences people’s understanding of society, as this research outlines.

A MEDIA PANORAMA: ANALYSIS OF THE MESSAGES PUBLISHED BY THE JOURNALISTS ASSOCIATION OF TURKEY IN TERMS OF “PRESS FREEDOM”

Turkish Journalists Association (TGC) is Turkey's largest professional media organization. As of November 2022, there are 3 thousand 780 permanent members. In order to become a member of the Association, it is required to working under a contract in the written and visual media, subject to the Press Labor Law No. 5953 (commonly known as the Law No.212), to have a press card and to have at least 2 years of professional experience. It is seen that TGC is particularly sensitive to the issue of freedom of the press, not only protecting the professional and personal rights of its member journalists, but also focusing on the general problems of the media and holding press statements, conferences, panels, demonstrations, etc. in this direction. In recent years, the Association has been making public its objections, reservations and criticisms about freedom of the press through press statements (messages) at almost every opportunity. These press releases are published both on the Association's website and shared via social media and e-mail. In this study, it has been tried to determine which topics, words/concepts and to what extent the freedom of the press matters in 155 press releases/messages published by TGC between January 1, 2022 and November 1, 2022, by analyzing content and discourse. Thus, a panorama of the main problems faced by the media in Turkey in recent years has been drawn through the messages of the largest professional organization of the press.

Moving with the Trend: the Impact of Digital Technologies on Journalism Practice in Imo State, Nigeria

The integration of digital technology into the field of journalism in Nigeria has en-gendered both obstacles and prospects, hence fostering advancements in the in-dustry. As a result of this, the study assessed the impact of digital technologies application on mainstream journalism practice among journalists in Imo State. The research was grounded in the theoretical frameworks of technological determinism and new media theory. The study employed a survey research approach, utilising a census principle to sample a population of 200 registered journalists. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Results showed that majority of the respond-ents have access to digital technologies in the discharge of their duties to a large extent at 66% and they use digital technologies often. The respondents have a posi-tive perception towards the application of digital technologies in journalism practice with the believe that digital technology is a blessing to journalism profession at an average mean of 3.6. Result also revealed that digital/computer illiteracy, lack of the requisite knowledge to operate digital technologies gadgets, high cost of acquiring digital technologies gadgets by the media organisation etc. are the challenges faced by the respondents while using digital technologies to carry out their reportorial du-ties at an average mean of 3.7. The result further revealed that digital technologies application in journalism practice has influenced journalism by improving the profes-sional process of news gathering, production and dissemination at an average mean of 3.6. The study concluded that digital technology has improved the professional process of news gathering, production and dissemination, thus, has significantly influenced journalism practice. The study recommended for the acceptance of digital switchover by media organisations and its embrace among the journalists.

Care and Carelessness in the Niger Delta: Nature’s Gift, Humanity’s Ineptness

ABSTRACT This piece looks at the environmental endowments of the Niger Delta region against the backdrop of environmental devastation, in the area, as occasioned by human activities. While the former has been aptly described as nature’s gift, the latter has been classified as humanity’s ineptness. The approach was simply theoretical with an expansive review of cognate secondary data. By way of applying precepts to concepts, it was inferred that the environmental beauty of the Niger Delta region has been lost at the altar of a global thirst for fossil fuel exploration. This act of carelessness by humanity has engendered a biodiversity deficit. In order to restore the glory and beauty of the region as occasioned by care it is recommended that news media organizations should frame the environmental endowments of the region as matters of great concern, nurture, and attention while discouraging acts of carelessness that fall within the conspectus of environmentally harmful practices.

QUALITY JOURNALISM AND OTHER CHALLENGES

The challenges faced by qualitative journalism are numerous, and the effects are clearly obvious at society level, when info rmation consumption from various sources is increasing; however, we find that only some of the users are qualified to undertake and analyze data and journalistic content. There are numerous pressures registered by professional journalism, equally as much a s creating journalistic content regarding the rules of the trade can be a difficult task for the non professional author. One of the first forms of such pressure was generated by the economic crisis in 2008, imposing a restructuring of media organizations. Another valence of pressure consists in the inability and slowness of active journalists to adapt to the rigors of digital media. A main focus and of major importance is the re tabloidization phenomenon in Romanian and international media, on every branch : written press, radio, television, and online platforms. The technological revolution has been a favourable breeding ground for commercial television channels, less inclined to the rigors of deontology. A further development is the citizen journalism , var ied in representation and extremely active. This study aims for the complicated mass media citizen journalism relation, as well as the challenges of qualitative journalism.

Analysis of CyberMedia Ethical Code Violations on Online News Media

The background of this research is a repeatedly ethical code violation by online media in Indonesia. Whereas on June 2020, Press Council warned the media, through a memorandum Number: 01/Seruan-DP/VI/202, to call every media, including online media, to work professionally in the news reporting about public issues. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find out the contributing factors of journalistic ethical code violations. In addition, this research also seeks to formulate solutions to minimize the violations. This research employed a constructive approach with a qualitative method. The data were collected through news observation in the three selected online media over the period of three months and through in-depth interviews with several informants. Several groups of informants are involved in this research, with the managers of the selected online media as primary informants. The secondary informants in this research are supervisory organizations or media observers verified by the Press Council, academicians/experts, and representatives of the Press Council. The research shows that the status of online media organizations influences the repeatedly journalistic ethical code violations. For example, verified online media by Press Council violates the ethical code more repeatedly than unverified online media.

SATISFACTION OF THE JOURNALISTS WITH INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL RIGHTS IN AFGHAN PRIVATE BROADCAST MEDIA

This study delves into the satisfaction of journalists with intra-organizational rights in Afghan private broadcast media. The aim is to explore the extent to which journalists in the Afghan private media sector are satisfied with the rights and privileges provided within their organizations. The research examines the impact of these rights on journalists' overall job satisfaction and ability to fulfill their professional responsibilities effectively. Considering the challenging media landscape in Afghanistan, where journalists operate in a volatile environment, understanding their satisfaction with intra-organizational rights becomes crucial. This study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the multifaceted factors influencing journalists' satisfaction, including but not limited to editorial independence, freedom of expression, access to information, fair remuneration, job security, and opportunities for professional growth. The quantitative research method was utilized to achieve a comprehensive analysis. A structured survey is administered to a representative sample of journalists to gather quantitative data and measure satisfaction levels quantitatively. The result of this study will shed light on the overall satisfaction levels of journalists with intra-organizational rights in Afghan private broadcast media. The results provided valuable insights for media organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders to identify areas of improvement and develop strategies to enhance journalists' satisfaction, which, in turn, can positively affect their productivity, professional development, and the quality of media content produced. This research contributes to the existing literature by specifically focusing on the satisfaction of journalists with intra-organizational rights in the Afghan private media sector.

Popular Among Distrustful Youth? Social Media Influencers’ Communication About COVID-19 and Young People’s Risk Perceptions and Vaccination Intentions

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 crisis, many social media influencers (SMIs) discussed the pandemic on their channels and showcased their behavior in dealing with the virus. Drawing on the two-step flow of communication and social learning theory, we investigated the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of SMIs’ COVID-19-related communication in a two-wave panel survey among emerging adults aged 16–21 years (N T1 = 978, N T2 = 415). Our results contribute to the health communication literature by discovering that institutional mistrust determines whether young people resort to SMIs as an information source for COVID-19-related information. Those with higher mistrust in established media organizations and the government were more likely to consult SMIs for COVID-19-related information and to consider them as role models when exposed to relevant content. Moreover, consulting SMIs who promote noncompliance as a COVID-19 information source was over time related to lower vaccination intentions.

The role of media training in improving the skills of journalistsin Kurdish media organisations

The role of media training in improving the skills of journalistsin Kurdish media organisations

Rapid Aqueous Medium Organization of Trimesate Metal–Organic Frameworks of Cu, Fe: Exploring Suitability in Gas Separation

Rapid Aqueous Medium Organization of Trimesate Metal–Organic Frameworks of Cu, Fe: Exploring Suitability in Gas Separation

Journalists as Mindful Users of Language (Change): Gender-Inclusive Spanish in Argentinian News

ABSTRACT In Argentina, arguably a front-runner country in efforts to challenge linguistic sexism, a wide variety of gender-inclusive styles are visible across and within the news media. This suggests that Argentinian journalists’ language does not simply accommodate to structural pressures, as the literature would indicate. To attend to journalists’ agency in processes of sociolinguistic change, this study combines the analysis of news articles with in-depth interviews with their authors, fifteen Argentinian news practitioners working for nine media organizations. The results challenge, first, ideas of journalists as necessarily conservative language users: Interviewees use diverse linguistic varieties when mentioning human referents (ranging from the generic male to indefinite collective nouns and duplication to the non-binary endings -x and -e). Second, mediacentric perspectives—assuming that institutional socialization, professional values, and audiences’ expectations shape journalists’ language—prove limited. Interviewees’ linguistic choices also respond to personal gender and linguistic politics. Argentinian journalists’ meaningful reasons and strategies for deviating from sociolinguistic norms expand our understanding of journalism’s potential to challenge traditional dominant cultural institutions and machismo more generally.

Fake news and the political economy of the media: A perspective of Ghanaian journalists

The enduring rate at which fake news is disrupting the political economy of the media is the subject of this study. Using a largely qualitative instrument of intensive interviews with 18 journalists purposively selected for the study, we discovered that fake news is one of the banes of journalism in Ghana. Fake news's notorious role in the political and economic realities of the country is not uncommon, as it has created uncountable political controversies. With several of the country's media owned by politicians or persons with a vested interest in politics, it became a practice for players to utilise fake news as a propaganda tool to outwit their competitors through the media. For these architects to fully achieve their goal, social media and affiliated mainstream media were used as instruments to propagate fabricated content against their opponents, especially during the 2020 general elections. This paper also identified the use of artificial intelligence and robotics in the creation of fake news content. The study recommends the need for media organisations in the country to seek the services of fact-checkers as a means of verifying stories, as well as to intensify education on the identification of fake news and possible flagging.

Exploring the Nexus of Citizen Journalism, Technology, and Psychology: Insights from Palestinian Journalists

ABSTRACT This article delves into the intricate world of citizen journalism, exploring the dynamic intersection of technology and psychology. Through confidential interviews with 12 journalists in Palestine, this study investigates key factors shaping news perception and the journalistic gatekeeping role. The research strives to establish a concrete link between citizen journalism and critical psychological components. Utilizing grounded theory and MAXQDA for qualitative analysis, this study reveals a spectrum of pivotal psychological elements identified by the interviewed journalists. These elements encompass credibility, literacy, risk perception, health communication, cynicism, social justice, and public participation. Notably, this study emphasizes the pivotal role of technology in molding the landscape of citizen journalism within the Palestinian context. These findings carry significant implications for scholars in psychology, sociology, and journalism, as well as practitioners in education, journalism, and media organizations. Citizen journalists increasingly concentrate on public health, safety measures, and government accountability, advocating for transparency and responsibility. Furthermore, online communities and networks of citizen journalists thrive, facilitating information sharing and amplifying critical voices. Ultimately, this research endeavor aspires to construct a conceptual bridge between the realms of journalism and psychology, offering a pathway to a deeper comprehension of their intricate relationship.

Meeting Management in Media Organisations: The Case of Zimbabwe Newspapers Limited (Zimpapers)

Meeting Management in Media Organisations: The Case of Zimbabwe Newspapers Limited (Zimpapers)

Public perception of the use of television in promoting healthy water consumption

The Mass Media plays a crucial role in advocacy and publicity, influencing people's mindset and perceptions, thereby affecting their behavior. This study focuses on understanding the public perception of television's role in promoting healthy water consumption in Kaduna state, with the aim of managing solid incidents. Using the magic bullet theory of the press and a survey research design, 60 respondents were sampled through stratified sampling. The study revealed that television programs enlighten people about the importance of using hygienic water and increase their knowledge about water usage. It concludes that television is instrumental in achieving SDG goals by propagating the significance of healthy water consumption among Kaduna state residents. The study recommends that all media organizations in Kaduna state should implement similar programs to raise awareness about the importance of clean drinking water. Additionally, television programs should educate the public about water contamination and its effects on human health.