Media Institutions Research Articles

Content is power: Cultural engineering and political control over transnational television

Since the 2000s, the television industry in Turkey has emerged as a transnational business and as one of the largest TV program exporters worldwide. However, Turkish television is still largely national in its production practices and content, and thus, highly vulnerable to the domestic political landscape and media regulations of the government. In the last two decades, rather than endorsing the independent growth of this emerging industry in the international markets, the Turkish government has erected barriers by tightening censorship and passing new regulations to control national television and its content production. The AKP government deployed various state apparatuses, including Turkey's public broadcasting channel (TRT), English language news channel (TRT World), and the regulatory agency Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) to foster the type of television content that can ideologically serve the AKP's conservative and neo-Ottomanist agendas. Drawing on the political economy of media and through critical analysis, this paper analyzes how these state mechanisms are used to instrumentalize TV exports and media institutions in service of President Erdoğan's cultural, economic, and foreign policy agendas within the country and abroad. By investigating the tension between the state's ideological project and the regional, transnational, and global mediasphere, our work sheds light on how the implementation of the government's new media and cultural policies, top-down directives and pressures from the state and government on both the TV industry and its audience, and South-to-South cultural flows have shaped the Turkish TV industry and its content in the last two decades.

STRATEGI UMKM UNTUK MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN EKONOMI PADA MASA PANDEMI DEMI KEBERLANGSUNGAN USAHA

Micro, small and medium corporations are humans monetary sports that make a contribution to accelerating the recuperation from the monetary crisis in Indonesia. Micro, Small, and Medium corporations (MSMEs) are enterprise sectors that have a vital function within the financial system and may live to tell the tale all through the financial crisis in Indonesia. for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, many perpetrators experienced difficulties. The issue of acquiring uncooked materials, hampering production and distribution, the lack of facts era expertise and the obstruction of business networks makes MSME actors should innovate. Because of this, it's miles necessary to increase its competitiveness. robust synergy from MSME actors in the agency will boom competitiveness, a good way to accelerate their enterprise growth, This research targets to find out, perceive, review, examine and interpret all studies that have been achieved previously, This research ambitions to discover the business strategies applied with the aid of Micro, Small, and Medium establishments (MSMEs) in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic., The approach used is the technique qualitative studies with a descriptive technique, The consequences of the identity are anticipated to add to the literature on Micro, Small, and Medium businesses (MSMEs) that have a role in the Indonesian economy in addition to the authorities’ efforts to resolve a problem as a way to have an effect on the financial system including poverty and unemployment.

Expropriating Privacy

During the winter of 2020, Toronto resident Khaleel Seivwright, began to construct small mobile shelters to provide insulation and privacy to unhoused residents living outdoors. Conditions produced by the COVID-19 pandemic increased demand on the city’s already underfunded and strained shelter system, subsequently accelerating development of encampments in parks throughout the city. From the outset, these “tiny shelters” served as a flashpoint in public discourse on the question of the relative health, safety, and beauty of unhoused privacy. Drawing on media coverage of Seivwright’s case, we address the question of the private persona as it emerges in relation to the unhoused, and to the practices of violent expropriation which daily police their existence. By examining the news discourses produced about Sievwrights tiny shelters, we interrogate how Sievwright’s public persona came to represent encampment residents as well as himself subsequently emerging as a boundary subject mediating the contradictory relations immanent to domesticity: between public and private space and public and private identity. Our analysis asks how the limits of privacy are actively imposed and managed under capitalism: who is allowed to have domestic space, where is that domestic space allowed to exist, and crucially what public personas emerge in relation to practices departing from the normative bounds of capitalism’s public/private distinction? Using critical discourse analysis (CDA), we examine the ways in which public personas are mediated by individuals and media institutions at the same time as addressing how personas themselves intervene in this process. CDA directs us to ask how personas are constituted through language. This emphasis on persona as both outcome of relations of power and as mediator in its own right permits us to address figures who are conventionally denied personas while simultaneously complicating and challenging the meanings behind domesticity within capitalist cities.

Lebanese media and the dilemma of paywalls

The dilemma of paywalls* is a worldwide debate. In fact, implementing a paywall can make the website and hence the media very prosperous. But also implementing a paywall could affect the way and the means that connect you to your audience. Therefore, once putting in a gateway, management and decision makers should make sure they absolutely trust the impact the paywall will have on their operations, as the stakes at play are even more dangerous than they might realize. Experts advise that there are three conditions that a media institution must meet before adding a paywall. Lebanon’s media has its own specificity in this regard, and we herein describe the obstacles to the success of any paywall on media institutions in Lebanon.

Educational resource of new social media: problem statement

The article is devoted to the problem of the implementation of the educational resource of new social media in the educational process of educational organizations. The author conducts a systematic review of modern scientific and methodological literature, identifies the problem that has developed in the modern theory and practice of using new social media in pedagogical activity, and determines its current state in modern Russia. The article presents the results of a study of the attitude of high school students and their teachers to the use of social media for educational purposes, their ideas about the effectiveness of such a means of teaching and upbringing, about its main strengths and possible threats. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the results of the conducted survey, which suggest that the majority of both high school students and young teachers have a positive attitude to the integration of new social media into the educational process of the school.There are also a lot of questions related to the lack of scientific research of educational opportunities of the developing institute of social media, questions about how to use them in an educational environment, what rules and regulations should be followed, what is the content of a new educational resource, what are its risks and threats, what is the algorithm of its actualization and how to combine it with traditional teaching and upbringing technologies.

The Implications of the Tension Resulting from Palestinian Journalists' Coverage of the Confrontations between Palestinian Demonstrators and Israeli Occupation Soldiers on their Professional Performance

This study aimed at recognizing the professional consequences of the tension caused by Palestinian confrontations with the Israeli forces on the Palestinian journalist, as the study followed the descriptive and analytical approach and used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data from a sample of (90) and retrieved (55) questionnaires, which are valid for analysis. (43) A questionnaire, where the study concluded that it is clear from the results of the study that there is a statistically significant correlation at the level of significance (0.05) between the level of psychological tension and the professional performance of Palestinian journalists in covering confrontations between Palestinian demonstrators and Israeli occupation soldiers, where the correlation coefficient reached (0.4). Whereas, the level of psychological tension affects, by (13.9%), the professional performance of Palestinian journalists in covering confrontations between Palestinian demonstrators and Israeli occupation soldiers. In light of the results of the study, a set of recommendations was raised, the most prominent of which is the necessity to influence the media institutions in adhering to the principles of occupational safety (physical and psychological) for field journalists. Conducting training courses for journalists in the field of psychological safety. Moral support for journalists through a system of rewards and incentives. Organizing courses on the psychological and physical safety of journalists, and training journalists in methods of dealing with exceptional circumstances and dangerous situations.

Exploring the Factorial Structure and Criterion Validity of Institutional Trust in Slovakia

The present study aims to examine the dimensionality and criterion validity of the institutional trust construct in Slovakia using a comprehensive list of thirty-three public institutions. A representative sample of 600 Slovaks first reported their level of trust in institutions and then reported on their social trust, propensity to trust, dispositional trust, and trust radius measures. A holdout cross-validation method was used to evaluate the dimensionality of the institutional trust construct. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a six-factor solution, and the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good overall fit for the five-factor solution that included the following dimensions: political institutions, foreign institutions, social services institutions, order institutions, and media institutions. All five dimensions showed weak-to-moderate relationships with interpersonal trust measures. The present study highlights that delving into the dimensionality of institutional trust may contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon within specific geographical, political, societal, and historical, characteristics of the countries.

Students’ Possession of Social and Emotional Learning Competencies in the Second Cycle Schools of Basic Education in the Sultanate of Oman

The study aimed to identify the degree of students’ social and emotional learning competencies in the schools of the second episode of basic education in Oman after the COVID-19 pandemic, and the researchers used the descriptive curriculum. The questionnaire of the OECD study was used for social and emotional skills in learning (Kankaraš and Suarez-Alvarez, 2019) which consisted of 5 competencies and 30 indicators: accomplishing tasks; emotional organization; dealing with others; cooperation; and openness. The results of the study showed that the overall degree of students’ ownership of social and emotional learning competencies was largely, with an average account (3.70), 74%, and a degree of ownership of each competency to a large extent, and in proportions percentage, ranged from 60.3% to 82%. There are statistically significant differences in the degree to which students have social and emotional learning competencies in the schools of the second episode of basic education in Oman in the total degree attributable to the sex variable, in favor of females (female students), while there are no statistically significant differences in the degree to which students have the competencies of social and emotional learning in the overall degree depending on the age variable. The study recommended that social and emotional learning skills be integrated into the curriculum, and that the Ministry of Education adopt courses, workshops, and lectures on emotional social learning programs aimed at educating all educational, community and media institutions.

The general climate of the Media and it's Impact on the Professional performance of Journalists in the State of Palestine Field study

The research deals with the general climate of the media and its impact on the professional performance of journalists in media institutions in Palestine, by Getting to know the compressive environment faced by journalists and the most prominent challenges that affect media professional performance. The researcher used a questionnaire form (survey), and the sample included 200 journalists in all institutions. The research used the theory of the media gatekeeper, and relied on the descriptive survey approach, and among the most prominent results concluded by the research is that economic pressures are among the most factors and reasons that affect professional performance and constitute a stressful environment for them by (46.9%), and that the largest percentage of Journalists know in the radio sector (40%), while television ranked second with a rate of (19.8%). The researcher recommends the necessity of activating laws that guarantee the right of journalists to freedom of opinion and expression. Keywords: general climate, professional performance, journalists, media institutions, Palestine...

The usage of the image in the pages of directed satellite channels on the Instagram website (An analytical study of the photos published on the pages of Al-Hurra and Russia Today in Arabic)

Today ,the image in its various forms and the multiplicity of styles of its publishing and display platforms is the pulse of the modern era due to its intensity in use, especially in social media platforms including Instagram website in particular, as a result of its using by overwhelming mass and interaction between different users categories due to the advantage of availability element of easing the publishing , innovative methods of publishing, additions, and features which make it at the top of the platforms via its continuous updating of the features which enable the user to interact and participate through it and see what is new in a way which summarizes the event. This prompted the media institutions to be present through it to meet their audience, who are using daily events in the form of images in accordance with the nature of the site. According to the above, the researcher has found the development of ways to publish images , the multiplicity of platforms, as some of them, are specialized such as Instagram, in publishing, sharing and editing images, a topic worthy of research, especially after the link of the satellite channels and their official accounts in this platform, including Al-Hurrah channel and RT in Arabic channel, which led to the research problem represented by the main question: (What are the uses of the image for RT and Al-Hurrah channels on Instagram?) as this question had led a set of sub-questions and objectives represented by knowing each of (the methods of the used images, their subjects, the attached elements to them, the used methods of publication, and the time period has been taken in the presentation). The research is descriptive research which adopted the analytical descriptive survey method, with using the comprehensive inventory of the research community represented by the published images in the accounts of RT channels. and Al-Hurrah for the period from (1/5-16/5/2022). One of the most

The unsanitary other and racism during the pandemic: analysis of purity discourses on social media in India, France and United States of America during the COVID-19 pandemic

The global rise of populism and concomitant polarizations across disenfranchised and marginalized groups has been magnified by so-called echo chambers, and a major public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic has only served to fuel these intergroup tensions. Media institutions disseminating information on ways to prevent the propagation of the virus have reactivated a specific discursive phenomenon previously observed in many epidemics: the construction of a defiled ‘Other’. With anthropological lenses, discourse on defilement is an interesting path to understand the continuous emergence of pseudo-scientific forms of racism. In this paper, the authors focus on ‘borderline racism’, that is the use of an institutionally ‘impartial’ discourse to reaffirm the inferiority of another race. The authors employed inductive thematic analysis of 1200 social media comments reacting to articles and videos published by six media in three different countries (France, United States and India). Results delineate four major themes structuring defilement discourses: food (and the relationship to animals), religion, nationalism and gender. Media articles and videos portrayed Western and Eastern countries through contrasting images and elicited a range of reaction in readers and viewers. The discussion reflects on how borderline racism can be an appropriate concept to understand the appearance of hygienic othering of specific subgroups on social media. Theoretical implications and recommendations on a more culturally sensitive approach of media coverage of epidemics and pandemics are discussed.

Periodismo contra la desinformación. Proceso y estructura de las verificaciones en el fact-checking

Fact-checking is one of the main journalistic solutions against the disinformation challenge. In order for fact-checkers to perform their work efficiently, they need to base their action on the scientific method and the application of a verification systematic model to check false narratives. This article analyzes and describes the usual verification process carried out by these media institutions in the different phases of selection, execution and, above all, elaboration of the verification reports. The results of this journalistic work, published on the websites of these outlets, hybridize properties of different types of journalistic reports, but do not fit in neither of them. Therefore, the question is left open as to whether fact-checking is giving birth to a new journalistic genre (the fact-checking report) or simply reconfiguring some of the existing ones.

The Media's Role in Transmitting Cultural Dialogue

The media plays a prominent role in the life of contemporary society due to its superior ability to communicate news and information. As a result, the media are often relied upon within the political, social, and cultural process, especially if the community wants to adopt a particular idea and spread it among its circles. The importance of media institutions in promoting and establishing a culture of dialogue in societies is the focus of this research. This paper came to a conclusion that the media serves as the voice of the citizen who seeks safety, growth, tolerance, and love; Tolerance principles must be attached to the mass media, education, and awareness in society, and efforts must be made to devote them in cultural and media discourses; media discourses have not been free of tribalism and ideology; to construct the nation's future, dialogue is required, as is open to rules that take into account the totality of human experiences and attempt to ground them

Notes on Contributing Authors

Samson Uchenna Eze is a lecturer in Music Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka, where he teaches courses on African music, instrument techniques and performance. He has published thought-provoking journal articles that discuss glocalisation trends, cult of personality, and sexism in the Nigerian popular music scene. He is currently a graduate student at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States.Ijeoma Iruka Forchu is a research fellow/lecturer at the Institute for Development Studies and Department of Music. She has B.A. (Music) from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. She obtained M.A (African Studies) from the University of Ibadan, M.A. (Ethnomusicology) from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, M.Sc. (Development Studies) from University of Nigeria Nsukka, and Ph.D. (Ethnomusicology) from NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka. Her research interests include music in Nigerian development, gender and sexuality in Nigerian popular music and preservation of indigenous music.Kirstin Haag is a PhD candidate in Musicology at Stanford University. Her research explores sacred music practice in colonial-era Guatemalan missions. Her current project examines how a collection of early colonial music manuscripts in the European sacred tradition became the center of an Indigenous religious practice in Western Guatemala missions. Contributing to a growing discourse on colonial-era Central American cultural practices, this project highlights rare evidence of the lived religious experiences and embodied musical practices of the Q'anjob'al and Chuj Maya people. Other research interests include the performance of musical nationalism at sports games in the US and higher education humanities pedagogy.Erol Köymen is a fifth-year PhD candidate in ethnomusicology at the University of Chicago. Through the lens of an ethnographic study of Western art music in Istanbul, he is interested in the relationship among distinction, modes of capital accumulation, and (global) populism, particularly with regard to music infrastructure and secularist elite modes of circulating in and belonging to the city.Toby Wren is a composer, improviser and researcher. His artistic research outcomes include orchestral works, publications of his jazz compositions and seven albums of his original work. His publications in the fields of ethnomusicology and artistic research have investigated Carnatic music and intercultural music-making. His research deals with the ethics of interculturalism, cultural appropriation, and musical hybridity and examines how meaning is negotiated in intercultural contexts through improvisation. The research stems from his involvement and collaboration with South Indian (Carnatic) musicians in India and Australia including Guru Kaaraikkudi Mani, Ghatam Karthik, Ghatam Suresh, and Karthik Mani. Recent outputs include Krithi: Cows at the Beach (Wren and Vaidyanathan 2020) and a co-edited a book with Vanessa Tomlinson on artistic practice, Here and Now (2018). Toby has also released six albums of his original music including the recent, Black Mountain, which was critically acclaimed in national print media. Toby Wren is a Senior Lecturer at SAE Creative Media Institute where he coordinates and writes content for their Media Studies Unit and Music degree.

JOURNALISM FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: A POLITICAL ECONOMY DISCOURSE OF WEST NUSA TENGGARA LOCAL MEDIA ON THE RINJANI ECOTOURISM ISSUES

The practices of eco-journalism in West Nusa Tenggara local media have not been sufficient in journalistic performance in favor of environmental sustainability. This study aims to describe and analyze the news construction of West Nusa Tenggara or NTB local media in reporting the Mount Rinjani ecotourism industry during 2020. The study focuses on describing the pattern of power relations between the political-economic components of the West Nusa Tenggara local media institutions in reporting the issue of the Rinjani ecotourism business developments. The method used in this research is a case study. Using media-political analysis of news construction and the dynamics of power relations, the data were analyzed. Data collection uses related news clippings and in-depth interviews. The results show that in terms of quantity, the contents of Suara NTB, Lombok Post, and Kicknewstoday.com do not make Rinjani Ecotourism be the central issue in daily news headlines. Meanwhile, on the side of the discourse aspect, West Nusa Tenggara local media tend to describe government policies about Rinjani ecotourism as they are normal. West Nusa Tenggara local media lack in providing the news with critical notes on various aspects of Rinjani's ecotourism development. In addition, the results of the political-economic analysis reveal that the West Nusa Tenggara local media structurally tend to build a synergy of power with the local government regarding the development of Rinjani ecotourism.

Media Institutions in the Context of Demographic Policy Implementation in Russia: Regional Experience

Russian demographic policy is one of the significant components of its social policy, while over the past six years there has been a negative trend in the demographic situation, accompanied by a sharp decline in birth rates and natural increase. At the same time, state bodies have been actively implementing various measures of demographic policy, using mainly financial incentives, but their arsenal was insufficient. As a hypothesis of the study, we made an assumption about the insufficiently active participation of the media in covering demographic policy measures aimed at stimulating the birth rate, while social and demographic publications are an important component in shaping public opinion. The paper discusses the usage of mass media institutes’ potential as an instrument of demographic policy and support for the family, motherhood and childhood. The authors analyzed the materials posted on the official website of the regional authority responsible for the demographic policy, as well as media publications prepared on these materials. In 2021, almost 27% of publications on the official website of the regional authority responsible for the demographic policy were devoted to family support, motherhood and childhood. On average, there were 14 times more publications in the regional media, which confirms the potential of using this institution to support and promote fertility. Among the most frequent topics of publications were releases on financial measures to support families with children, as well as awarding families with many children.

Attitudes of communicator towards implementing governance and his relationship to developing the performance of media institutions.

The research aims at identifying the attitudes of communicators towards the principles of governance and its relationship to the development of performance and professional practice in media institution.
 The based on constructing its variables and interpretation of its results on the system analysis approach through a survey study on a sample of communicators in government media institutions in Emirate of Sharjah. The number of its respondents reaches 50, questionnaire and direct observation were employed to collect concerned data , the researcher has come out with some results , the most important is awareness of communicator which the study sample tackles, the governance concepts and principles , the targeted communicator should aware the importance of applying these principles to achieve quality institutional performance .
 The results showed that the principles of transparency came at the forefront of the principles of governance applied in the government media institutions Sharjah , the research topic , with percentage of 98.67% , followed by the principle of participation in the second rank , with a percentage of 94.67% followed by the principle of accountability in the third rank with percentage of 93.33% , then the principle of social responsibility in the fifth rank then the principle of integrity in the six last ranking . The results showed the existence of positive repercussions for the application of principles of governance on professional standards and the work environment in the media institutions , the sample of research.
 The researchers recommended the necessity of spreading the culture of governance among employees and communicators in government media institutions in the Emirate of Sharjah and make governance part of training programs for senior administrative leaders and employees in those institutions.

Politically Contested Beliefs: Support for Trump Better Predicts Having Inaccurate Beliefs About COVID-19 Than Conservative/Republican Political Identity

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented risk to society. Studies suggested that people’s beliefs about COVID-19 are divided depending on partisan affiliations. Building on the belief gap hypothesis, this study adopts a nationally representative survey (N = 1,119) to examine whether political identity or support for Trump is more strongly related to having false beliefs about COVID-19. Results showed that support for Trump is a better predictor of having false beliefs about COVID-19 than conservative/Republican political identity. Support for Trump predicted having false beliefs, and such a tendency increased when they were more educated. Trust in scientific and news media institutions and conservative news use mediated the relationship between support for Trump and having false beliefs. Our findings bear implications on belief gap studies by introducing new mediators such as different dimensions of institutional trust and shed light on why people who support Trump are more susceptible to false claims about COVID-19.

Where is Australia’s GLAAD? A case for establishing an Australian LGBTIQA+ Media Institute to improve diversity in screen media representation

As screen studies scholars have noted over the past two decades, media representation is critical in being able to see oneself as important to society. In 2016, Screen Australia released the “Seeing Ourselves: Reflections on Diversity in TV Drama” report on the diversity in Australian TV drama. “Seeing Ourselves” paints a critical picture of the lack of inclusive storytelling on Australian scripted TV, suggesting that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, asexual and other sexuality- and gender-diverse (LGBTIQA+) people were in fact not seeing themselves—that the representation was lacking diversity, inclusivity, authenticity and complexity. This article presents a case study of the GLAAD Media Institute and similar international organisations and imagines how a similar advisory and advocacy organisation could be established to support Australian screen practitioners and students in being more inclusive of LGBTIQA+ people in their screen stories. It highlights the necessity for, and benefit of, creating an independent organisation that could replicate GLAAD’s three pillars of training, consultation and research to improve the current lack of diversity—the ultimate goal of this organisation being to advocate for real and sustained impact, not just in Australian screen media, but in our local communities and society at large.

Audiovisual Tactics of Resistance of the Polish Anti-Communist Opposition in the 1980s as Illustrated by Tomasz Łabędź’s Kalendarz Wojny (War Calendar)

This study is an interdisciplinary presentation of the changing media paradigm of the Polish anti-communists opposition in the 1980s. The article, in particular, emphasizes the first production of the Polish émigré media institution Video Kontakt, titled War Calendar, directed by Tomasz Łabędź. Interpreted as an example of audiovisual tactics of resistance, his work employed subversion and counterpoint to expose the discursive hypocrisy of the communist regime in Poland. The article also discusses the support that Polish dissident groups received from the Western trade unions and government agencies leading to the ‘paralel society’ with its own communication potential.