History Of Media Research Articles

DETERMINATION OF PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF SINUSITIS IN PEOPLE EXAMINED AT THE EAR NOSE THROAT HOSPITAL OF THE CENTRAL REGION, 2022

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sinusitis and the rate of bacterial, fungal and allergic sinusitis among the people examined at the Ear Nose Throat Hospital of the Central Region in 2022.The study was designed using descriptive research method.The prevalence of sinusitis in people who came for examination was 25.27% (379/1500), including 47.50% (180/379) with bacterial sinusitis, 18.20% (69/379) with fungal sinusitis, and 34.30% (130/379) with allergic sinusitis. The rate of sinusitis in males and females was 42.28% (183/379) and 57.72% respectively. Those people aged from 18 to 60 were the most infected, accounting for 83.90%, followed by those doing freelance jobs (70.98%). Some risk factors included chronic nasopharyngitis (OR = 7.99: 3.36 – 9.32), history of otitis media (OR = = 3.51: 1.76 – 5.35). No association between allergy and sinusitis was found (OR = 0.23: 0.16 -1.53). The rate of sinusitis in women was higher than that in men, in which bacterial sinusitis accounted for the largest proportion and commonly seen in the age group of 18 to 60. Related factors included chronic nasopharyngitis and history of otitis media.

High incidence and recurrence of tympanostomy tube procedures in children who underwent nasolacrimal duct probe and intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

To determine the incidence of tympanostomy tube (T-tube) insertion in children who required probing and intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) at a single academic institution and to analyze success rates. The medical records of 92 patients who underwent nasolacrimal probing and intubation for CNLDO over a 9-year period were reviewed retrospectively. A preoperative questionnaire was given to the patient's guardian concerning laterality of CNLDO, history of otitis media (OM) antibiotic therapy, history of T-tube placement and number placed. At least 12 months following the initial nasolacrimal duct P&I, a second questionnaire was administered regarding resolution of CNLDO symptoms, additional measures taken to relieve postoperative symptoms if present, and any further history regarding OM episodes or T-tube insertion. Of the 92 children with CNLDO, 37 (40%) required T-tubes either prior to or following nasolacrimal duct probing and intubation, a rate higher than in the general population (P < 0.00001). 21 (56%) of CNLDO probing and intubation patients who required T-tubes required at least two sets, at different times, to relieve OM symptoms. Six of 37 patients (16%) with a history of T-tube placement and 1 of 55 (2%) with no history of T-tube placement had persistent epiphora after nasolacrimal probing and intubation (relative risk, 8.92; P = 0.0388). In our study cohort, pediatric patients with CNLDO who required nasolacrimal probing and intubation were at higher risk of needing T-tubes for chronic OM than the general population, and those needing T-tubes were at increased risk of residual epiphora.

Acute mastoiditis in cochlear implanted children: A single-centre experience

BackgroundAcute mastoiditis (AM) is the most common complication of acute otitis media and primarily affects children under the age of two; current data on its prevalence in paediatric patients with cochlear implant (CI) are still scant. Proper management of AM in CI children is crucial in order to avoid the implications (financial and emotional) of an explant.Aim of this paper is to describe the cases of AM occurred among young patients with CI in follow up at our department, also in order to evaluate its prevalence, potential predisposing factors, clinical course and therapeutic strategies. Patients and methodsRetrospective study. Medical records of all paediatric patients with CI, who had at least one year of follow-up, were searched aiming to identify those who developed AM, from January 1st 2002 to January 31st 2022. The following data were collected and analysed: demographic features, implant type and side, interval between CI surgery and AM, treatment, laboratory tests, clinical course, vaccination history, associated diseases. ResultsAM was developed by six (1.3%) of the 439 children with CI (541 implanted ears). In total, 9 episodes (2.05 %) were recorded, as three patients reported two consecutive infections. Average time interval between CI surgery, to the first or only AM diagnosis, was 13.8 months (range 3–30 months). Furthermore, 3/6 of patients had a history of recurrent acute otitis media; 2/6 an autism spectrum disorder, associated to a combined immune deficiency in one case. All patients were hospitalized and promptly treated by intravenous antibiotic therapy; 4/6 also underwent a mastoidectomy. CI was not explanted in any cases of this series. ConclusionsOver a 20-year period, AM rate in CI children was 1.3%, which is consistent with the current literature rates of 1–4.7%. All cases were successfully treated, preserving the integrity of the device. In our experience, the early parenteral antibiotic therapy and, when necessary, surgical treatment were adequate to eradicate the infection.

An Analysis of the Historical Process of Media Marketization in China

Under the social background of the in-depth development of market economy, news photography must keep pace with the times, explore and innovate, actively explore and effectively meet the market demand. Besides reporting the promotion of China's socialist market economy, it also needs to work hard to enter the market. Media history is an organic part of the whole social history. From the perspective of social development law, marketization is a stage that media development history must go through. The structure of China's media market is characterized by low industrial concentration and imbalance, low differences in media products, high barriers to entry and exit of industries, and an overall unbalanced state. The development of media structures with different properties and different media is extremely unbalanced, and the spatial structure of media development is unbalanced. This paper intends to analyze the historical process of media marketization in China, in order to have a deeper understanding and forward-looking understanding of the market-oriented transformation of media in China.

Roadside Media: Roadside Crash Shrines as Platforms for Communicating Across Time, Space, and Mortality in the Early 2000s United States

ABSTRACT This article argues that since the 1990s, roadside shrines in the United States have become place-bound forms of media that provide multiple publics with platforms for communicating with the dead and for communicating with other platform users about the dead. Evidence that roadside shrines function as media today is accessible even to strangers who witness roadside shrines because people leave visual, material, and spatial traces of these communications at shrine sites themselves. There, you can see that people interact with shrines as if they are platforms for communication – demonstrating elaborately performed ‘continuing bonds’ between mourners and the site, and thus victims, as well as among mourners. Moreover, roadside shrines are today intertwined with the larger convergent media environment, where a shrine site often becomes a material manifestation of other representations of ‘the pervasive dead’ across the media environment. To trace the history of how roadside shrines came to work this way, I relate them to the larger cultural history of media and memorialisation in which they are entangled and then analyse three specific case studies from New Mexico and Texas at the crucial transitional moment in the first two decades of the 2000s when roadside shrines became established as media.

Bosom friends and kindred spirits: Reimagining girlhood, bisexuality and queerness in Anne with an E

Questioning traditional ideas of hegemonic femininity, queerness and heteronormativity, this article examines Moira Walley-Beckett’s Anne with an E (2017–19, CBC and Netflix) as a means of revisiting queer and female histories in contemporary television. Reinvestigating classic Anne of Green Gables, this series pushes the boundaries of history by modernizing historical ideas about gender, sexuality, class and race in the early twentieth century. Using feminist theory, queer theory and critical cultural studies approaches, this article argues that these coming-of-age narratives of girlhood, bisexuality and femininity interrogate binary notions of past and present, childhood and adulthood, fact and fiction. By blending and blurring literary and fictional histories, this series pushes up against the whiteness and heteronormativity within media culture, drawing attention not only to the absence of people of colour and LGBTQ+ characters within literary and media histories more generally but also to alternative possibilities for more inclusive media representation. In this way, this series is rethinking historical and literary representations of girlhood, (bi)sexuality and feminist empowerment by putting queer people and women at the centre of its storytelling.

Nonmaterial Overelaboration: Gender, Casting, and Camouflaged Labor in Pat Rocco's Promotional Travelogue

Abstract Pat Rocco's ONE Adventure, a promotional film for a gay men's nonprofit's tourism subsidiary, documented early 1970s US-Europe homophile coalitions but also incorporated softcore sequences for commercial appeal to a gay male market. Yet Rocco's disavowal of pornography generally — and specifically in the case of ONE Adventure — elides the precarious labor that undergirded his films’ productions. This article proposes that gay media history needs to critically confront nonmaterial overelaboration — the covering over of the material conditions of media production — in media products, their paratexts, and historiography itself. It is necessary for gay media history to take up feminist production history methods to interrogate this elision of labor enacted by cultural history approaches to Pat Rocco's filmmaking. More broadly, the article's concept of nonmaterial overelaboration provides a critical avenue for focalizing labor in other areas of media history.

Media wars: Remaking the logics of propaganda in India’s wartime cine-ecologies

AbstractRecent Second World War historiography has rightly highlighted the forgotten contributions of South Asia in the Allied war effort, and the everyday meanings of the war in South Asia. The role of cinema here, however, remains largely overlooked. This article focuses on British efforts to produce war propaganda in India with the help of Indian filmmakers, through varying tactics of incentivization and coercion. Between 1940 and 1945, the British colonial administration attempted several strategies to build a local film propaganda apparatus in India but, as I demonstrate, each stage was met with differentiated forms of cooperation, reluctance, and outright refusal, finally leading to the adoption of the unlikely genre of the full-length fiction film as the main mode of war propaganda in India. Derided as frivolous and half-hearted by critics at the time, the Indian-language ‘war effort’ film is more generatively framed as a form of ‘useless cinema’ that defied the logics of propaganda and privileged ideological ambivalence. This article brings together media history, film analysis, industrial debates about supply chains and licence regimes, aesthetic concerns about subtlety, and political differences about the ideological meanings of the war to situate the Second World War within the complex cine-ecologies of India. I read films and film industrial negotiations together to add to the multi-sited story of India’s experience of the Second World War that this special issue develops.

He Insists! From Apprentice Editor to Elder Statesman of the Black Documentary Tradition

FQ contributing editor Josslyn Luckett speaks with Sam Pollard about his long career, which spans collaborations as an editor with Spike Lee to producing and directing his own documentaries, histories of black independent media, and his most recent film Max Roach: The Drum Also Waltzes.

The Typewriter Cuts

This article studies the role of the typewriter in the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962). When a printing press was unavailable during the war, women militants used the typewriter to process articles for El Moudjahid, the designated newspaper of the anticolonial revolutionaries. Providing a media history and theory of this event, the article argues that the typewriter—both woman and machine—was an active militant who cut texts and bodies to advance the revolutionary cause. The typewriter denaturalized assumptions about the newspaper’s colonial appearance, thus bringing forth a new form for anticolonial journalism.

Policy is theft: The state of global Internet policy in an age of revolutions

AbstractThis paper examines the history of media to argue that policy discourses need to recognise bottom‐up activism (‘exogenous shocks’), and not just the administration of economic and state interests (‘endogenous variables’), to address global agitation for revolutionary system change. Some say the internet – now in the guise of its latest tech‐craze, the metaverse – will ‘revolutionize everything’. But only if ‘everything’ is made of property, and companies (like Meta) ‘own every atom’, while states (like Saudi Arabia) control every agent. Under current international arrangements, ‘global internet policy’ does not exist. Instead, multinational firms appropriate the semiosphere – human communication, meanings, representation, and relationships – in property forms like data, IP, and platforms. State policy, meanwhile, is not to cooperate at global scale but to outsmart adversaries using strategic stories, data surveillance, and cybersecurity. In this power‐universe, corporate policy is theft, while state policy is war. Here, policy is inevitably an institutional process of administration, resisting system‐change or revolution. Instead of ceding internet policy to governments and consultancies, those who seek system change are exploring new ways to express themselves on a screen, so to constitute a meaning system that integrates the futures of the semiosphere, biosphere and geosphereThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Mass-like Lesions Causing Compression of Large Vessels in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report.

A 69-year-old woman with a history of otitis media with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis who had been receiving corticosteroid monotherapy presented with shortness of breath. The otitis media had been alleviated, but she had saddle nose. Chest enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed stenoses of the bronchi and large vessels surrounded by mass-like lesions in the mediastinum. These manifestations indicated an active state of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). After she was started on high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide, the mass-like lesions disappeared with improvements of the stenoses. Ameliorating mass-like lesions resulting from GPA requires therapeutic intervention using corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND NETWORKING AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: THE PROMISE AND CHALLENGES

This article discusses the use of Social Media and Networking (SMN) as an Educational Tool for Higher Education in Indonesia. Technology has been an integral part of our life and it cannot be separated from the education sector either. This article examines the history of Social Media and Networking in altering thy way people communicate, before proceeding to examine its use in Education in general. This article will first discuss about the current situation of SMN and Higher Education (HE) in Indonesia. Definition of what SMN is and the types will be described as well. It will then present the promise and the challenges of utilizing the SMN for HE, as well as the current debates on this issue. There have been considerable discussions and debates regarding the implementation or the benefits of utilizing SMN into the education sector, especially in Indonesia. The question whether the use of SMN in education will bring more benefits than drawbacks, remains as a widely debated topic. This article will examine opinions from scholars and scholarly journals about the topic before comparing them with the context within Indonesian education sector. It will then present the promise and the challenges of utilizing the SMN for HE, as well as the current debates on this issue. Finally, some considerations and suggestions will be provided at the end of the article.&#x0D;

Amphibious Media Histories

Abstract Film and media circulation between India and cities on the Persian Gulf can be traced back to the 1940s. This article excavates the histories of media goods that made their way to the strictly regimented and highly taxed regimes of India, examining how these mobilities were enacted and what networks were activated in the movement of these goods. The article explores the dhow as an important media infrastructure for the acceleration of media modernity, and it analyzes infrastructure as a poetic object. It takes up and revitalizes infrastructure as aesthetic form, and it subjects visual texts ranging from mainstream commercial movies to independent cinema and photographic projects to closer analysis, through the assembly of infrastructure and aquatic elements. Combining textual analysis with accounts from divergent sources such as customs department personnel, distributors of audio and video, shipping agents, and contemporary periodicals, the article resurrects a history of confluence of media technologies, ocean movement, and coastal media markets. Through tracing such practices and the infrastructural narratives of the dhow, this article argues for a history of film and media in the Indian Ocean littoral that is more than the flow of texts.

Development of Pandeglang Local History Teaching Media in Increasing High School Students' Historical Awareness

The development of technology-based teaching media in history aims to improve the quality of education by utilizing technology and enhancing historical awareness. The utilization of the Pandeglang Local History learning media holds excellent appeal for incorporating local history into the learning process. The innovative use of the Local History application further elucidates how technology can enhance historical awareness in the context of local history education. This study aims to develop teaching media based on local content to enhance students' historical awareness through technological advancements. The research approach employed in this study is Research and Development (R&amp;D), explicitly using the 4D research development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The results demonstrated that using local history teaching media, as assessed through the Likert scale validation test, increased high school students' historical awareness. These findings are based on the results of the validation test, which included the design validation test of the Local History application, revealing a score of 100. Subsequently, the application teaching media test yielded a score of 100. Finally, the effectiveness of the Local History application was evaluated, resulting in a score of 100, demonstrating the success of the application's development

MEDIA UNDER THE OLD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES AND MEDIA UNDER THE POST-MODERNIST ERA

Media has an important role in influencing culture and human way of life. Over the years, the media has continued to evolve with technological developments and social changes, thus having an impact on media development theories. In media history, there are two influential theories of media development, namely the old development theory and the post-modernist era. The aim of this article is to discuss old developmental theories and the post-modernist era in media development. By conducting a discussion of the introduction of the theory, the media used, the role of technology, technological change and the impact and implications of future media development so that it can become the basis for better and more effective media development in the future. In the development of the media, the theory of old developments and the Post Modernist era has a significant influence. In conclusion, media development cannot be separated from the surrounding social, technological, cultural and consumer behavior environment. Therefore, media companies and media developers should consider these factors in the development of more responsive, personalized and relevant media in the future.

Selling to Wall Street: Theorizing the Financial Commodity Audience in Network Era Television

Although the business-friendly policies and neoliberal ideologies of the 1970s and 1980s certainly accelerated the financialized state of media industries, it is necessary to understand how cultural production has long been subject to the vicissitudes of finance capital. Complementing histories on the role of banking in the formation of the U.S. film industry, this paper explores the interrelationships between finance and a nascent U.S. television industry. Examining trade press discourses and contextualized quantitative data, this case study asks how financialization affected the structures of postwar U.S. broadcasting and the&amp;nbsp;programming and audience targeting of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) between 1953 and 1964. Rather than simply representing an external force constraining artistic production, the thrust of financialization created a fundamental reorientation of ABC from the inside out. Indeed, during this period, ABC shifted its target audience to, in part, please financial intermediaries but paradoxically alienated those financial elites in the process by turning away from culturally legitimate genres like anthology dramas and high-brow variety series. In charting these continuities and changes, this paper offers a theory of the “financial commodity audience” that helps articulate how financial stakeholders have valued a particular type of viewer: white coastal elites, particularly men. The evidence presented in this case also suggests that cultural industries have been well suited to the extractionary logics of financialization due to the intangibility of their assets and imagined audiences. In this way, media histories remain critical to understanding the power dynamics of financialization and contemporary media industries.

Medical Safety and Device Reliability of Active Transcutaneous Middle Ear and Bone Conducting Implants: A Long-Term Multi-Centre Observational Study

Active bone-conducting hearing devices (aBCHD; e.g., MEDEL Bonebridge® (BB)) and active middle ear implants (aMEI; e.g., MEDEL Vibrant Soundbridge® (VSB)) use radio frequency transmission to send information from an external microphone and sound processor to an internally implanted transducer. These devices potentially have an advantage over devices with percutaneous links because the skin is closed over the implantable components, which should reduce the risk of skin problems and infection. On the other hand, surgical procedures are more complex, with a greater risk of damage due to surgery. The objectives of this research were to quantify the reliability and long-term survival of MEDEL VSB and BB devices, determine the adverse and serious adverse device-related complications, and consider associated causes. A multi-center observational retrospective and prospective study was conducted at eleven auditory implant centers in the United Kingdom. Data was collected using a surgical questionnaire and audiological reports. Data were obtained from patient notes or from prospective cases that had a minimum follow-up of one year post-implant. Consecutive patient records were reviewed. Datasets from 109 BB and 163 VSB were reviewed. Of these, 205 were retrospective case note reviews, and 67 were prospective cases. The mean follow-up was 4 and 6 years, respectively, for BB and VSB. Kaplan–Meier Survival analyses indicated that the BB survival was 97% and 93.3% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, and the VSB was 92.1% and 87% at the same time points. This is a large cohort study for the field and has indicated that BB and VSB are safe interventions. Care should be taken to monitor magnet strength in the first few months. For the majority of device-related effects, there was no apparent association with etiology. However, an interesting pattern emerged for individuals who exhibited an inflammatory response, e.g., adhesions or device extrusion, and those with a history of chronic suppurative otitis media. This should be considered in future work and is not surprising given that many VSB recipients have a complicated hearing history, often associated with otitis media.

Gaming I, II, and III: Arcades, Video Game Systems, and Modern Game Streaming Services

This paper aims to create a shorthand for video game history – from video games’ infancy to the current subscription model that is dominating gaming. In this essay, I will apply the practices of historical media scholarship that have helped parse out television history (e.g., TV I, TV II, TV III, and TV IV) and film history (e.g., Cinema 1, 2, and 3.0) to define the various shifts in video game history. Gaming I represents the arcade and home system boom up until the 1983 video game Crash, Gaming II describes the post-Crash console period, and finally, Gaming III materializes due to the arrival of modern video game subscriptions. Rather than constructing an exhaustive account of video game history, this essay means to generate more studies on what video game history can mean in the context of the established academic studies on visual media.

Afterword: Medium America and the grounds of a transnational history of farm media

This essay bookends the first special issue of essays dedicated to farm media and situates the issue’s contributions within a broader history of media, communications, and agricultural entanglement. The connections between these fields are grounded in what Peters calls “Medium America,” which names the spaces and ideologies most shaped by farming across the middle of the Americas to orient a critical transnational history of farm media. Land grant universities, farmworker movements, and rural communication infrastructure are just a few of the institutions that give shape to Medium America, as are the linguistic inheritances that stitch together these relationships, from broadcasting and academic fields to news feeds and data farms. The future of food and farming grows out of these histories.