Mechanisms Of State Regulation Research Articles

Limits of state influence on the economy in times of war in the context of upholding and implementing socio-economic human rights

The article emphasizes that the war in Ukraine poses complex challenges to the state, with the need to balance the need to strengthen state regulation of the economy to meet defense needs and preserve the principles of the free market. This balance becomes particularly acute in the context of upholding and implementing socio-economic human rights, which may be restricted in times of war. The authors investigate the limits of state influence on the economy in wartime, taking into account the need to uphold and implement socio-economic human rights, and also explore various strategies of state intervention in the economy in wartime, such as imposing economic sanctions, stimulating the production of military equipment and providing financial support for humanitarian needs. The authors propose a comprehensive analysis of the limits and instruments of state influence on the economy in wartime, taking into account the need to uphold and implement socio-economic human rights. It is argued that the limits and instruments of state influence on the economy, which ensure a balance between the needs of defense, market functioning and upholding of socio-economic human rights, should be defined by law. The current situation of the state’s economy is described. The socio-economic perspectives of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine are characterized. Recommendations for improving the mechanisms of state regulation of the economy in times of war are developed. In particular, the author emphasizes that the longer the war lasts, the deeper the economic crisis will become and the more negative the impact on the socio-economic sphere will increase. This is due to numerous factors, such as: destruction of infrastructure; decline in production; loss of jobs; rising prices; and reduced trade. In view of the significant economic risks, the authors conclude that the political authorities and representatives of civil society should focus their joint efforts on: infrastructure reconstruction; support for small and medium-sized entrepreneurship; social assistance; investments in education and healthcare; and international cooperation.

Directions for improving the mechanism of state regulation of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus in modern conditions

Directions for improving the mechanism of state regulation of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus in modern conditions

State Control over the Threats of the Outbound Tourism Sector in Russia

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that currently the field of outbound tourism in Russia is facing a number of threats and problems that can negatively affect the activities of manufacturers of a tourist product. These threats may be related to changes in the political situation, escalation of conflicts in the international economic arena, economic crises, changes in sectoral national and foreign legislation, and other environmental factors. The research conducted by the author makes it possible to identify destructive elements of the external environment that can cause signifi cant threats to manufacturers of a tourist product, that is, for tour operators in the field of outbound tourism. In the article, the author considers the factors and conditions contributing to the emergence of threats to the activities of manufacturers of tourist products in the field of outbound tourism in Russia. Based on the application of the structural analysis method, destructive elements of the external environment of the outbound tourism sector have been identified, which can be regulated using state regulation tools. The author, based on the application of activity analysis, also identified contradictions in the functioning of the mechanism of state regulation in terms of ensuring comprehensive security and countering identified threats in the fi eld of outbound tourism in Russia. This allows us to identify the shortcomings of the existing system of state regulation in this area, suggest ways to improve it, as well as develop specific measures to prevent the threats to the complex security of all subjects of relations in the economic sphere of outbound tourism of the Russian Federation considered in the article. Thus, the study is relevant and necessary in order to help manufacturers of a tourist product and the mechanism of state administration of the Russian Federation in the field of outbound tourism in Russia to minimize risks and ensure the comprehensive safety of the tourism industry of the Russian Federation.

The concept of sustainable development: implementation opportunities at the regional level (based on the example of the East Kazakhstan region)

Sustainable development of the territory allows overcoming crisis situations in the economy and social sphere. The essence of the concept of sustainable development derives from the concept of "triple bottom line", which implies a balance between environmental sustainability, which aims to maintain the quality of the environment necessary for economic activity and the quality of life of people; social sustainability, which seeks to ensure human rights and equality, respect for cultural diversity, race and religion; economic sustainability, which is necessary to maintain natural, social and human capital relevant for income generation. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to assessing the sustainable development of a territory, reflecting the characteristics of Kazakhstan’s regions and testing the proposed methodology using the example of the East Kazakhstan region. The authors of the article in this study are based on the application of deduction and induction methods, a comprehensive approach to the study of the research object, methods of general economic analysis – comparison, average values, methods of factor analysis. As a result of the analysis of socio-economic and environmental development of the East-Kazakhstan region, the authors found that the social and economic indicators of the region are in a relatively satisfactory condition. The region occupies a leading position among the regions with predominantly industrially oriented economy. In addition, the use of natural potential allows the region to maintain a strong position against the background of regions with a relatively agrarian-oriented economy. However, the analysis of the environmental component of sustainable development has shown that the relatively high performance of the region in terms of economic and social development was made possible by ignoring the value of the environmental potential. Consequently, the current development of the region is contrary to the principles of the sustainable development concept. In this regard, it is necessary to create mechanisms of state regulation to implement policies aimed at overcoming this trend. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed practical recommendations to improve the mechanism of realisation of sustainable development goals of the territory.

The efficiency assessment of budgetary fund implementation in agro-industrial complex

In recent years, the agro-industrial complex has emerged as a crucial sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the nation's food security. State support for agriculture constitutes a multifaceted mechanism encompassing measures that influence the income of agricultural industries, the structure and scale of agricultural production, the agri-food market, and the social fabric of rural areas. Financial resources are allocated from budgets at various administrative levels to support the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. The primary objective is to assess the efficient utilization of budget funds allocated to the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. A combination of economic-statistical, estimated-comparative, logical, and analytical analysis methods was employed to achieve this goal. The results reveal that a targeted agricultural policy, coupled with effective state regulation mechanisms, enables the attainment of high levels of productivity and efficiency in this industry. Nevertheless, despite these successes, the current role of the agro-industrial complex in shaping the economy is deemed insufficient. This is evidenced by indicators assessing the sector's contribution to macroeconomic benchmarks. In conclusion, an evaluation of the current state of development in the Republic of Kazakhstan's agricultural industry reflects a positive growth trend in recent years. However, the agricultural sector continues to be among the less profitable segments of the domestic economy, grappling with persistent challenges that have yet to be fully overcome.

SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MANAGING STAFF OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

The article addresses the topical issue of public administration of professional training for higher medical education management personnel in Ukraine. It explores the current state and development prospects of the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, and identifies priority areas for its improvement. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to provide the Ukrainian healthcare system with highly qualified managers capable of effectively managing higher medical education institutions in the context of dynamic changes and integration into the European and world educational and scientific space. The article defines the main approaches and mechanisms for implementing state policy in the field of healthcare and higher medical education. It identifies the directions for improving the organizational, legal, and economic mechanisms of state regulation of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions in Ukraine in terms of clarifying the content of the key research concepts "management personnel of higher medical education institutions" and "state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions". It is determined that the reforming and development of the healthcare and higher medical education sector of Ukraine in the context of integration into the European and world educational and scientific space requires the preparation of a new generation of managers - healthcare managers. It is determined that this category of managers includes vice-rectors and heads of relevant scientific, educational-methodological and educational commissions, deans and vice-deans of faculties, heads of departments and other structural units. The formation of a comprehensive mechanism of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions should be carried out on the basis of such principles as scientific justification, legality, common interests and values, consistency, comprehensiveness, systematicity, subsidiarity, transparency, innovation, adequacy, efficiency, and responsibility. The article analyzes the features of the system of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions in Ukraine and abroad. Based on a comparative analysis of management training systems in 6 developed countries of the world, it is proved that the system of professional training and advanced training of management personnel of higher medical education institutions should function in accordance with the current trends in the healthcare sector and the field of higher medical education, comply with the implementation of state policy principles, and be systematic. Statistical analysis of the dynamic changes in the indicators of provision with higher medical education institutions and medical institutions over the years of Ukraine's independence demonstrates the need for joint coordination and cooperation to coordinate the efficiency of the healthcare system. Thus, the article reveals the essence and features of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions, analyzes the regulatory framework governing this area, and identifies the main areas for improving the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, namely: Updating the content and forms of training; Introduction of innovative teaching methods; Improvement of teachers' qualification; Strengthening the practical focus of training; Development of international cooperation.

Evaluation of Mechanisms’ Effectiveness of State Regulation of Innovative Activity

Main problem: Rapidly changing trends in development of economies of countries require a rational approach to state regulation of innovative activity and investments directed to organization of real sector of the economy. At the same time, for analysis of modern state policy in the system of innovative development, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of state regulation mechanisms of innovative activity in the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Purpose: to assess mechanisms of state regulation of innovative activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the global competitiveness system. Methods: synthesis, content analysis, accommodation, monographic method, factor analysis, economic and statistical research method. Results and their significance: The assessment of the mechanisms of state regulation of innovative activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the global competitiveness system allowed to fully assess effectiveness of mechanisms of state regulation of innovative activity in the economy. Examining the sub-indices of international rating of the World Economic Forum for 2021-2022 in relation to 2017-2018, the authors came to conclusion that in Kazakhstan today there is the decrease in all the sub-indices of rating and their factors (“basic requirements” and “business complexity”), with exception of “innovation” sub-index. This sub-index was significantly reduced due to a sharp deterioration in macroeconomic environment, which is directly related, according to the authors, to significant losses in oil export revenues. This, in turn, affected the deterioration of the state budget indicators. The article pays special attention to place and role of state regulation of innovative activity in the socio-economic policy of the country. Organizational and methodological problems in development and implementation of innovative policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan are researched in detail, which makes it necessary to solve them in order to achieve the effectiveness of innovative policy at the regional and national levels.

МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯ

The article examines the peculiarities of the mechanism of state regulation of land use processes. Groups of social, ecological and economic aspects have been studied. It is emphasized that the regulation of economic processes of land use is impossible without reliable information about the qualitative characteristics of each specific plot, its economic and biological fertility, because ignoring or incorrect assessment of its potential can negate the results of planning, which is one of the main functions of management.
 By the economic aspects of land use, we primarily understand transferability as a property of a land plot, expressed in its ability to be freely alienated or transferred from one person to another in the order of universal legal succession or in another way; forms of ownership and management characterizing legal issues of land use, as well as organizational and technological conditions of agricultural production; the value of land resources as a measure of materialized labor necessary to support sustainable and effective development of agricultural production.
 Selected aspects of land use regulation formed the basis of the structural diagram of the mechanism of state regulation of land use processes presented by us and allow not only to clarify its content, but also directly determine its structure.
 It was determined that in the conditions of market relations, an important place in the system of state regulation of land use began to be assigned to the cadastral assessment of land plots. The content of the use of the land resource potential of the territorial formation is given.
 In the regulation structure, special attention should be paid to the issue of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of land resources and the resulting need for further development of the methodological base for the assessment of land use.
 The key link in the process of state regulation should be the evaluation of the efficiency of land use, which is based on a system of quantitative parameters for the evaluation of the efficiency of the use of land resources.
 Land owners are mainly municipal authorities, enterprises (legal entities), citizens (individuals) or their associations (cooperatives, commercial firms, etc.).
 The denationalization of land ownership and the introduction of private land ownership on this basis, the privatization of land, the introduction of paid land use fundamentally changed the structure and content of land relations in the conditions of village land use, changed the structure, content and principles of planning land resource formations.
 The effective organization of state regulation of economic processes of land use has a significant impact on the process of creating the necessary organizational, territorial, legal and social conditions for full involvement in turnover, increasing the return of each hectare of land while preserving or reproducing soil fertility.

Regulatory and legal regulation of hydraulic structures and their impact on water safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the issues of regulatory regulation and control of hydraulic structures (hereinafter referred to as GTS), as well as the current system of public administration. The purpose is to identify the problems of legal regulation of ensuring the safe management of GTS and to develop proposals for improving the current legislation and the mechanism of state regulation. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: – to determine the regulatory framework governing the system for ensuring the safe operation of GTS; – to identify responsible state bodies whose powers include the implementation of state policy in the field of water management, including regulation and control over the activities of GTS owners; – to identify conflicts in the norms of national law that impede the safe operation of GTS and problems of public administration in the field of GTS. The GTS is a complex mechanism that performs several tasks simultaneously to meet the needs of the country's economy and population. Consequently, the GTS system needs not only clear legislative regulation, but also effective public management. Every year, the state spends billions of budget funds within the framework of national projects and state programs aimed at reforming the GTS system, which currently represents materially worn-out water management facilities erected during the Soviet era. Currently, there are about 1,700 GTS in Kazakhstan, which, instead of developing the country's energy and agriculture sectors, are a burden on the country's budget. The lack of proper state control over the activities of GTS owners, combined with the lack of clear legislative regulation, creates a risk of emergency situations that can negatively affect the ecosystem of the region, as well as hydropower and irrigation in general. The results of the study made it possible to identify current problems of a legislative nature, the public administration system and develop proposals for their solution.

Нормативно-правовое регулирование гидротехнических сооружений и их влияние на водную безопасность Республики Казахстан

The article discusses the issues of regulatory regulation and control of hydraulic structures (hereinafter referred to as GTS), as well as the current system of public administration. The purpose is to identify the problems of legal regulation of ensuring the safe management of GTS and to develop proposals for improving the current legislation and the mechanism of state regulation. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:– to determine the regulatory framework governing the system for ensuring the safe operation of GTS;– to identify responsible state bodies whose powers include the implementation of state policy in the field of water management, including regulation and control over the activities of GTS owners;– to identify conflicts in the norms of national law that impede the safe operation of GTS and problems of public administration in the field of GTS. The GTS is a complex mechanism that performs several tasks simultaneously to meet the needs of the country's economy and population. Consequently, the GTS system needs not only clear legislative regulation, but also effective public management.Every year, the state spends billions of budget funds within the framework of national projects and state programs aimed at reforming the GTS system, which currently represents materially worn-out water management facilities erected during the Soviet era.Currently, there are about 1,700 GTS in Kazakhstan, which, instead of developing the country's energy and agriculture sectors, are a burden on the country's budget. The lack of proper state control over the activities of GTS owners, combined with the lack of clear legislative regulation, creates a risk of emergency situations that can negatively affect the ecosystem of the region, as well as hydropower and irrigation in general. The results of the study made it possible to identify current problems of a legislative nature, the public administration system and develop proposals for their solution.

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the problems of forming an effective mechanism of state regulation of the greening of agricultural production in Ukraine in accordance with global trends in the greening of public production and wartime problems in the country. The indicator of the degree of environmental friendliness of production is the main indicator of the degree of development of the corresponding modern economy, as well as the degree of safety of each country for people to live in it. The agricultural sector is the basic industry that forms the conditions for the development of the social economy and provides the population with the basic needs of food and clothing, therefore it requires a high degree of environmentalization in the first place. Unfortunately, the current market principles of management in Ukraine often place current benefits above the interests of future generations, which negatively affects public health. Accordingly, the task of effective long-term state regulation is the combination in the system of activity of the national economy, primarily the agricultural sector, the tasks of increasing environmentalization and economic benefit, creating socially useful, healthy food production as the basis of national security. In the peacetime state regulation of ensuring the ecological focus of agricultural production in Ukraine was focused on diversifying the ways of increasing the pace of production of ecologically clean products, the use of environmentally safe and energy-saving technologies in agriculture, the wide implementation of innovative developments capable of minimizing the negative impact of production and processing of products on the environment. The full-scale military invasion that began on February 24, 2022, crossed out all strategies for promoting the development of the ecological economy of Ukraine. Since the beginning of the war, our country has faced significant consequences of hostilities, which caused not only direct destruction, large-scale loss of life and economic losses, but also had an extremely negative impact on the ecological situation. The article outlines the necessary tasks of modern state regulation of the ecological situation in the region, its focus on the restoration of the natural environment and the return to world standards of the natural environment after the end of the war.

МЕХАНІЗМИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО УКОРІНЕНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The widespread use of digital technologies has become a key factor in the development of the modern economy. However, the potential risks associated with the digitalization process can weaken the stability and security of economic development, which necessitates strengthening the mechanisms of state regulation of the processes of development, implementation, and use of digital technologies through political support and the organization of appropriate regulatory and legal support. To form the theoretical basis of the research, general scientific methods were used. Based on the cross-national analysis, a comparison of the ethical and legal principles of the use of digital technologies was carried out and the priorities and peculiarities of their state regulation in individual countries of the world were determined. A systemic approach was used to identify the interrelationships between state regulation, legal support, and the use of digital technologies. Based on the use of the empirical method and the method of induction, general regularities are determined, the results are summarised and conclusions are drawn. The necessity of using the ethical and legal principles of regulating the use of digital technologies to ensure rooted resilience, increase the welfare of citizens and increase the competitiveness of the economy has been proven. There is a well-founded need to implement OECD principles into Ukraine's legislation and regulatory framework. The key tasks of the organization of state regulation, control, and supervision of the processes of development, implementation and use of digital technologies are defined, the principles of forming the legal framework in the field of digital technologies and the main components that ensure competitive advantages and digital sovereignty are formulated. It has been proven that international ethical and legal norms and standards of international organizations should be the institutional platform for the formation of effective state policy mechanisms in the field of regulation of digitalization processes. The developed recommendations can be used by the government and relevant ministries to effectively use the potential of digital technologies to increase the country's competitiveness and digital sovereignty.

Innovative Factors of the State Regulation of the Development of the Construction Industry

A theoretical analysis of the development of the construction industry as an object of state regulatory influence was carried out, taking into account innovative factors. The main factors of such a process, which hold it back, have been clarified. From the standpoint of a systemic approach, the conditions that need to be formed in order to level the impact of negative trends during the implementation of state regulation of the development of the construction industry in Ukraine are highlighted. Areas of improvement of the mechanism of state regulation of development of the construction industry are highlighted. Improving the system of state regulation of the development of the construction industry requires the identification of key factors capable of contributing to the self-organization of the system. At the same time, the following directions for its improvement can be identified: development based on the existing structure, but with the redistribution of individual functions between the system's links; development on the basis of the existing order of implementation of management functions with quantitative combinations in relation to development subjects of the construction industry at all levels; program-targeted, which takes into account the existence of controlled and controlling subsystems in territorial and branch aspects. This direction is closely related to the regulation of the functionality of the control system at different levels. The key condition for improvement in relation to regulation is not only the presence of communication, but also the appropriate functional content. This direction is the most effective for ensuring the improvement of the system of state regulation of the development of the construction industry. It is shown that in the market economic system there is a need to gradually increase the efficiency of the functioning of its subsystems, both the most complex and the simplest (the country as a whole, industry, territory, individual economic entity). In the process of ensuring the development of the construction industry, as well as a separate administrative-territorial unit (region, district, settlement) of the product of construction production in the required time, in the required volume, with the required quality, the specific characteristics inherent in this territory will be inherent, which determine the choice of appropriate effective solutions . Such efficiency must be considered precisely from the standpoint of territorial development. Thus, the strategies of territorial development and development of the construction industry must take into account the means and ways of achieving the goals, as well as the corresponding indicators that will determine the realization of the main goal. Such indicators can belong to various organizational and technological principles of the construction process, types of structures and materials, techniques and technologies that reduce material intensity, labor intensity, energy intensity, as well as indicators that illustrate the level of investment and innovative efficiency of construction, which leads to a decrease in the cost of production, reduction of payback periods.

Регулирование и государственная поддержка малых форм хозяйствования АПК (на примере РТ)

Abstract: Currently, Russia is going through a difficult period in terms of economic development, overcoming internal economic difficulties, among which are demographic problems and limited consumer demand. These factors are aggravated by external factors, such as foreign trade barriers and limited access to borrowed funds in international markets, which leads to a noticeable decrease in state budget revenues. In the agricultural sector, restrictions in the availability of key resources and instability of distribution channels for agricultural products are also highlighted. These difficulties are especially significant for small businesses, both on a nationwide scale and at the regional level, in particular in the Republic of Tatarstan. To eliminate these problems and achieve long-term economic growth in the country, it is necessary to form and develop mechanisms of state regulation and support of small forms of business in the agricultural sector. The object of the study is economic relations that arise in the process of state regulation and state support of small forms of business in the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the study is to characterize the current state and determine the prospects for the development of state regulation of small businesses in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. Research methods – abstract-logical, monographic, tabular-graphic, calculation-constructive, economic-statistical. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization and clarification of theoretical aspects and practical recommendations for the development of state regulation of small forms of management in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan.

ISSUES OF LEGISLATIVE AND SUBORDINATE REGULATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS (some theoretical and legal aspects)

In this article, the author draws attention to some problems in the legislative regulation of the competence of state bodies, emphasizes the relevance of the distinction between legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations. The author raises questions of the general legal nature of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations; the opinions of prominent representatives of the scientific community regarding the constitutional and legal foundations of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations are given. Within the framework of the study, such concepts as "law", "subordinate legal acts", "objects of legislative regulation", "criteria for distinguishing subjects of legislative and subordinate regulation", etc. are analyzed. The article deals with the problems of the relationship between the law and the by-law through the analysis of legislation on the status of state bodies. According to the author of the article, the limits of legislative regulation provided for in subparagraphs 1)-11) of paragraph 3 of Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not exhaustive. The article attempts to determine the special role of legal doctrine in the mechanism of state regulation, thereby indicating that theoretical and legal studies that have a complex character, are distinguished by depth and multidimensional, and have received official public support, should be the basis for further development of legal policy and legal reforms in the country. The author draws attention to the need for a critical understanding of the fact that legislative regulation of the issues of differentiation of the subjects of regulation of legislative and subordinate normative acts will help to reduce the possibility of adopting narrow departmental acts restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens and legal entities, as well as imposing duties on them that are not provided for by legislative acts.

Factors of Sustainable Development of Sports Infrastructure: Dynamism of Interaction and Regulated Self-Organization

In the context of the implementation of the infrastructure model and the formation of a creative economy, one of the priority areas for the development of the sphere of physical culture and sports is the provision of sports infrastructure. The severity and complexity of the problems of development of the infrastructure component of the industry the choice of the direction of this study and its relevance were determined. The purpose of the study: to identify the key factors for the sustainable development of sports infrastructure, the dynamism of the interaction of which forms the trajectory of its sustainable development in the conditions of regulated self-organization of the socio-economic space of sectoral development. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach from the standpoint of evolutionary dynamics and a set of scientific methods: process, classification, methods of adaptive control theory and complexity theory. The axiomatics of self-organization is taken into account, including the allocation of development factors. The normative basis of the study is federal laws and by-laws that regulate the activities of sports infrastructure facilities. In the process of research, the key factors for the sustainable development of sports infrastructure were identified, the dynamism and synergy of their interaction was characterized in conjunction with the regulated self-organization of the space of socio-economic relations of industry entities, a scheme of a layer-by-level ecosystem of the sphere of physical education, culture and sport infrastructure was developed, the need to improve the tools for a balanced mechanism of state regulation and entrepreneurial activities to achieve the goals of socio-economic development of the national economy were substantiated.

Оцінка показників надання державної допомоги на подолання наслідків, спричинених пандемією COVID-19

A problematic aspect of the scientific understanding of the methodology for making decisions on providing state aid to enterprises is a certain gap between the norms of legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards. The article identifies and systematizes the information support for assessing the compliance of enterprises with the criteria for providing government aid, taking into account the areas and types of State aid. The methodological and information support for assessing the compliance of business entities with the criteria for providing government aid during the COVID-19 pandemic is grouped into two key areas: social support for insured persons and enterprises for the period of restrictive anti-epidemic measures and assistance to business entities to overcome the consequences of COVID-19. It is established that in 2020 there was a significant increase in the share of state resources for the provision of state aid (up to 54%, compared to 2019, where the share of the state budget was 9% and 4% in 2018). The general indicators for assessing government aid in Ukraine have been identified and calculated, on the basis of which it has been established that the amount of state aid per citizen of Ukraine in 2020 can be estimated at UAH 260.24 per person, or EUR 8.45 per person, which is the highest figure for the period under study. This is due to the intensification of state regulation mechanisms for the provision of state aid to overcome the consequences caused by the coronavirus disease and reduce the macroeconomic shock. The provision of government aid in Ukraine should be carried out in compliance with Ukraine's international obligations under the Association Agreement on state aid and ensure the principles of transparency of such processes.

Local food policy: implementation of food initiatives from the national level to the level of territorial communities of Kharkiv region

The article is devoted to the analysis of food policy in the Kharkiv region. In addition, the article examines certain aspects of the national policy aimed at preventing the food crisis in the conditions of war. The author briefly examines the main problems and challenges faced by agriculture and the food sector in wartime conditions. The article highlights the main measures aimed at ensuring equal access to food products in wartime and the steps taken for this purpose at different levels: national, regional and in individual communities of the Kharkiv region. In more detail, the article examines the role of local authorities and public initiatives in improving food policy, as they allow not only to ensure food security, but also to involve internally displaced persons in economic activities. The author states that the prospects of food policy in the Kharkiv region are dependent on many factors, in addition to the actual course of the military conflict. The article concludes about the special importance of the following factors: strengthening the defense capability and security of agricultural facilities, transport routes; increasing the efficiency and transparency of the mechanisms of state regulation of food prices, control over the quality and safety of food products, prevention of speculation and abuse; expanding the scope and variety of state support to national food producers; development of international cooperation and integration into the European and world market; support and development of public organizations, volunteer movement, social entrepreneurship, local initiatives and projects that contribute to the provision of food and support to the needy; raising the level of education, culture, awareness and responsibility of the population regarding food security.

Структура правових відносин пов'язаних із обігом віртуальних активів

The article discloses subjects and objects of legal relations that are related to the circulation of virtual assets on the virtual assets market of Ukraine. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the article analyzes the innovations of national legislation and in the context of the implementation of the basis of legal regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges as subjects of the virtual assets market. In particular, the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Virtual Assets» were considered as a future legal basis for the legalization of cryptocurrency exchanges and the virtual assets market as a whole. The article highlights the positive and problematic aspects of the regulation of the above-mentioned law. In particular, the presence of freedom of emission and decentralization can be attributed to the positive aspects. The absence of intermediaries in transactions leads to a decrease in costs. That is, virtual assets are available to a wide range of users and have a fairly high degree of protection. Negative points are manifested in the presence of the threat of illegal use of virtual assets for the purpose of financing terrorism, carrying out subversive activities, trading in prohibited goods and using them to launder the proceeds of crime. The purpose of the study was to consider and reveal the structure of legal relations related to the circulation of virtual assets in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine. The following research methods were used during the research: general scientific research methods (deduction and induction, synthesis and analysis, scientific abstraction, systematic approach); special legal methods of knowledge (formally legal, comparative legal, retrospective, legal forecasting); methodological substantiation of the essence, structure and nature of the structure of legal relations in the field of circulation of virtual assets, which is the object of the study. The legal participants of the virtual assets market, the procedure for their registration, licensing of activities of service providers related to the circulation of virtual assets are characterized. Based on the analysis, it was emphasized the importance of determining the legal mechanisms of state regulation, supervision and monitoring of the activity of cryptocurrency exchanges, finalizing the provisions of the law, as well as the need for further research on this topic of the article. The conducted research summarizes the existing structure of new legal relations related to the circulation of virtual assets.

Food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan: criteria and indicators

Global approach to qualitatively new consideration of the problem of food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan and state of agro-industrial complex, which in the current conditions needs to find and implement effective forms and mechanisms of state regulation and support for agricultural producers in order to stabilize domestic food market - all this becomes particularly relevant. The goal is to develop comprehensive methodology for analyzing food problem in the republic based on system of indicators that determine current situation and assessment criteria. Methods – monitoring the correlation between main parameters and threshold values. The availability of food (financial, economic, physical), quality and food safety, and availability of resource potential of agro-industrial production were taken into account and analyzed. Results - it is noted that the degree of financial affordability of food products for employed population and retirement age has decreased; coefficients assessing economic accessibility of food products are within normal limits. At the same time, physical accessibility indicators indicate difficulties with food supply. Conclusions - it was revealed that the level of food supply in Kazakhstan exceeds the average data in the countries of Central Asia. The food program is complex and multi-factorial, including economic, social, cultural and environmental indicators. By maintaining competitiveness of national producer, country gains the opportunity for more sustainable and efficient development of its own agricultural sector. Assessing the parameters of the effective functioning of AIC becomes main content of monitoring process, based on the results of which one can judge the possibilities and prospects of providing the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with food in the required volume of quantitative and qualitative aspects of their needs.