Mechanisms Of State Regulation Research Articles

Contract logistics of public procurement as a mechanism of state regulation of the economy

Contract logistics of public procurement as a mechanism of state regulation of the economy

The Role of «Soft» State Support in Developing Large Business

The article analyses the consequences of dividing large companies into priority and non-priority ones for the state by including them in the List of the system-forming companies and carrying out appropriate support procedures in relation to them. We have shown that such procedures for the state were rather institutional than financial and costly since support was transferred to large state-owned banks that carried out it while maintaining the principles of self-sufficiency of investments. Comparison of two samples of companies included in this List and their counterparts, not from the List demonstrates a clear difference in their dynamics before the adoption of the List and after it. Priority companies are steadily and many times (3–4 times) growing in terms of revenue, non-priority ones “stagnate”, remaining practically at the same level even at current prices. The almost one-time division of companies by priority in 2009 turned out to be stable over the next decade, which allows us to speak of the resulting redistribution of markets and their transformation in favour of the groups of leaders formed due to it in the respective industry markets. The analysis allows us to evaluate this example as a weak institutional impact, with a noticeable sectoral and macroeconomic effect. We noted that a change in the architecture of markets after the described impact leads not only to a change in the strategies of their participants but also to a restructuring of mechanisms of state regulation.

Digital Currencies: Conceptualization of Risks and Regulatory Opportunities

The subject of the study is the risks of the development of digital currencies. The study suggests that when solving the existing technological problems of creating a digital currency, Suppose we are talking about digital currencies not controlled by the state and the central bank. The study suggests that after solving the existing technological problems concerning the creation of digital currency, a reorientation of the national entities can occur to make payments in digital currencies to anonymize payments, avoid taxes, and reduce the costs associated with the transfer. As a result, the capabilities of national state bodies in regulating the economic activities of economic entities may decrease. The share of their shadow interaction may also increase. Problems in the performance of the fiscal function of the state may become more acute. The purpose of this research is to conceptualize the risks of the emergence and regulation of the use of supranational digital currencies as a means of payment. The moving of national cash flows to the supranational level – to the sphere of digital currency exchange will negatively affect the completeness of filling the state budget and its ability to perform basic functions. This process will create a real threat to economic security. The study reveals aspects of the development of the digital ruble and the possibility of reducing the risks of using digital currencies by creating new mechanisms for state regulation of economic entities. The research examines the prospects for reducing the attractiveness of supranational digital currencies.

Amorphous-crystalline cobalt phosphide hollow nanocubes induced by dual ligand environment for highly efficient hydrogen evolution

CoP is one of the most promising catalysts for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction. The foremost issue is how to improve intrinsic activity by regulating electronic structure at the molecular level. Herein, utilizing selective combination of EDTA and Co2+, an amorphous-crystalline CoP with lower valence cobalt and hollow porous structure which induced by dual ligand environment is successfully synthesized via microwave heating and following phosphating process. Synthesize CoPBA from EDTA3+ and Co3+ in a ratio of 1:1 and followed by phosphating (ECP-1) exhibits excellent performance for HER in alkaline media, requiring 173 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2. The enhanced catalytic activity may be ascribed to the amorphous-crystalline crystal structure with enlarged exposure of active sites and the hollow porous framework induced by EDTA, as well as the homogeneously distribution of (111) plane, on which the change of free energy on both Co bridge sites and P top sites is close to zero when adsorbing hydrogen. Besides, its great catalytic stability has been evaluated via 1000 cycles of CV measurement. The possible mechanism of valence state regulation of cobalt ions in CoP is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the optimal ratio of EDTA to Co2+ and different precursor states are explored reasonably.

IMPLEMENTING BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN UNIVERSITIES

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Determining the direction of energy saving development is a significant aspect and is present in the policy of rational use of energy resources of leading countries, in most cases it affects the direct consumer and producer of energy, as well as administrative measures. Implementation of best practices of energy efficiency of all types of activities is a tool to improve energy autonomy of universities in Ukraine.METHODS. The study used: the predictive method – to determine the progress of implementation of EU Directive 2012/27/EC in Ukraine; method of comparative analysis – to determine the optimal mechanisms to promote energy efficiency in different countries and the possibility of implementing this experience to create a system of energy efficiency in Ukrainian universities.FINDINGS. Using and expanding the experience of participation in the project to provide energy efficient and comfortable conditions of study in Ukrainian universities together with the European Investment Bank and the Nordic Environment Corporation will allow to upgrade 200 teaching, research and support facilities in 21 universities to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and reduce operating costs of public higher education institutions; quality of teaching, learning, teaching, research and residential buildings. Implementation of such experience will improve the energy efficiency of universities, optimize mechanisms for state regulation, control and stimulation of energy efficiency; solve problems and expand the power of executive authorities and local governments, energy autonomy of universities.CONCLUSION. The analysis of the successes and difficulties of higher professional education for people with disabilities shows that there is an objective need to consolidate the efforts of the higher education community with regional public organizations, executive authorities, regional and city institutions of health, education and social protection to support young people with disabilities.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

State support for the development of agriculture, like other subsidized industries, has a significant impact on the development of crop and livestock products, acting as a strategic bulwark of the country's food security. An increase in the volume of state support for agriculture is possible with the dynamic activity of all sectors of agriculture, the main task of which is to increase economic efficiency through the transition to innovative production principles. State support for the technical re-equipment of agribusiness is the basis of agricultural production, which has a decisive impact on the transition to digital solutions for the entire agrarian industry in the future. In this regard, the goal was set to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies using the example of typical agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan located in different climatic zones of the Volga region, confirming an average decrease in the production cost of 1 centner of grain crops by 13%, payment labor on average by 14.5%, which makes it necessary to allocate financial support to agrarians as an effective mechanism for increasing the efficiency of agribusiness based on funds from the federal and regional budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and from extra-budgetary sources. Revealing the mechanism of state regulation in the form of tax, control and inspection, as well as the mechanism of state support and legal regulation, a mechanism of state support for the digitalization process is proposed in the form of subsidizing the costs of purchasing digital products, as one of the effective mechanisms, contributing to the acceleration of the transition of agribusiness to the digital economy. This mechanism will allow agrarians, at the first stage of the digitalization process of agricultural production, to acquire primary digital equipment in the form of trackers and sensors capable of receiving, sending, generating and processing data, which will subsequently lead to the need for the acquisition of interfaces capable of providing unhindered exchange of data between machines and business partners, and later portals in the form of ecosystems

МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the sustainable mechanism of economic state regulation and the need to modernize it in accordance with modern conditions. The main content of the category of the mechanism of state regulation has been revealed, the essence of the mechanism of economic state regulation has been defined as a complex of interconnected methods, forms and instruments of the state regulatory influence. The interpretations of a number of scientists have been analyzed, as well as our own interpretation of the mechanism of economic state regulation has been proposed. The need to maintain an adequate balance in the ratio of state regulation of economic processes and market self-regulation has been determined. The basic system of basic methods, forms and tools used by the state in regulating economic processes has been structured. The application of the above-mentioned indicators individually or in combination depends on such factors as the economic strategy of the state, material and resource capacities, the current economic situation, etc. The need to take into account internal and external factors influencing the national economy and economic indicators (indicators) in the process of state regulation has been outlined. The main problems of the crisis state of the modern economy of Ukraine in connection with the full-scale armed aggression of russia have been characterized. Such problems are a decrease in production, a reduction in the real income of the population, an increase in unemployment, the cessation of investments, a rise in prices, inflation, devaluation of the national currency, logistical problems and other indicators. The current consequences of military operations for the country's economy, as well as regulatory steps of the government, which were aimed at ensuring its functioning in accordance with the realities of the time, have been determined. The necessity of modernization and creation of an effective mechanism of state regulation of the economy, which will include a complex of effective programs capable of ensuring the harmonious operation of all branches of the national economy, has been proved.

Directions of Development of the Mechanism of the Unified Customs and Tariff Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union

The article discusses the features of the unified customs and tariff regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union in modern conditions. The author has established that it is advisable to consider the mechanisms of state regulation as systems for organizing the interaction of subjects and objects, and the place of the proposed mechanism among other existing mechanisms of state regulation has been determined. Within the framework of the study, special attention is paid to the current conditions of the development of customs and tariff regulation, the procedure for sending proposals on measures of customs and tariff regulation by the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union to the Eurasian Economic Commission, as well as the essence and structure of the mechanism of the unified customs and tariff regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author presents promising directions for further research of the proposed mechanism.

Personnel Management System in Healthcare Institutions: Foreign and Domestic Experience

The primary role in the organisation of healthcare facilities belongs to the medical worker, and the development of an effective personnel management system is the main task of personnel management managers in this field. The current health care system in Ukraine faces the difficult task of adapting to market conditions of business through systematic restructuring and improvement of its state regulation mechanisms, and most importantly, implementation of the integrated development and management of medical personnel, on which the performance of the system’s tasks depends. The article aims to compare the personnel management system in healthcare institutions, considering foreign and domestic experience. In addition, the authors carried out a scientific and theoretical justification of the place and role of personnel management in the healthcare field in the current conditions of the European integration of Ukraine. Within the framework of this study, the authors investigated the directions of scientific publications devoted to personnel management systems in the healthcare field. Data containing bibliographic information about scientific publications in peer-reviewed publications were obtained from the Scopus database. The results showed that scholars research human resources management in healthcare institutions, mainly focusing on personnel development, HRM, total quality management, organisational culture, personal loyalty, leadership, gender issues, and psychological aspects. The analysis of the experience of European countries with a developed healthcare system allows us to conclude that there is a need to implement optimal mechanisms for the development of human resources aimed at training, support, preservation and effective use of available resources, which is one of the important areas of personnel management of the institution. In addition, the reform strategy emphasises the need for cross-sectoral linkages (between education, health, labour and finance sectors), practical analytical justification and alignment of political decisions between sectors of the economy.

ОВДП ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ВПЛИВУ НА МОНЕТАРНЕ ТА ФІСКАЛЬНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of domestic government loan bonds on the mechanisms of monetary and fiscal state regulation in Ukraine. The relevance of this study was to investigate how government bonds affect the instruments of fiscal and monetary policy, as well as to find out how promising the development of the government bond market in Ukraine is, especially in the current conditions of crisis and instability. The object of the study is the processes of influence of domestic government loan bonds on the mechanism of monetary regulation in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological provisions for determining the impact of domestic government loan bonds on monetary and fiscal policy in Ukraine. The current state of the DGLB market in Ukraine was investigated and the main factors affecting the formation of demand for these securities were determined. The dynamics of the weighted average yield of hryvnia government bonds over the past five years were also analyzed and the main factors affecting its dynamics were identified. Using Pearson correlation coefficient, the value was calculated and the correlation between the yield of government bonds and the value of the discount rate of the National Bank of Ukraine was determined, the value of the coefficient indicates the existence of a strong direct correlation between these indicators. The next step was to determine the role of the yield of DGLB in the mechanism of monetary regulation, and based on this a cycle was modelled which begins with a change in the discount rate, passes through a change in the demand for DGLB, and ends when the rate of inflation changes under the influence of previous factors. Thus, it was proven that with an unchanged supply of foreign currency, due to the increase in demand for hryvnia government bonds from non-residents, the rate of inflation slows down. Also, forecasting of the yield of government bonds was carried out using a one-factor regression equation, taking as a basis the data of the discount rate forecasted by the National Bank. The last element of the study was the determination of the correlation between the dynamics of DGLB yields and the hryvnia to US dollar exchange rate. Based on the analysis, the value of the Pearson correlation coefficient between these indicators was calculated for different values of time lags, and it was determined that the coefficient reaches its highest value with a time lag of 10 months.

ДИНАМІКА ТА ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РИВКА В КРАЇНАХ АЗІЙСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ

The article is devoted to the study consists in analyzing the dynamics and patterns of economic growth in Germany and the countries of the Asian region. The statistical analysis of economic performance, historical analysis, generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical modeling methods are used in the study. The dynamics and patterns of growth of China and the “Asian Tigers” of the first generation are analyzed in the article. A comparison of the features of the economic "leap" in Asian countries (China, Singapore, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan) was done. For each country studied, the existing preconditions are listed and the incentives for intensifying the economic "leap" are named. It is emphasized that Taiwan, Singapore and the Republic of Korea are united by another feature: their rapid economic development took place under the strict leadership of the authorities, i.e. with the use of an authoritarian regime. The rapid economic development of the countries studied is due to the flexibility of state policy on economic restructuring, the development of foreign trade based on export-oriented economies, as well as the creation of a favorable climate for foreign investment. In order to identify the key factors that contributed to the economic growth of these countries, a correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of gross domestic product as the main indicator of economic growth on a number of macroeconomic indicators. Four countries are selected for analysis: China, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea in the period of 1960–2020-s. In general it is established, the rapid economic development of Asian countries is associated with on the combination of state regulation and market mechanism, particularly with the flexibility of government policy on restructuring the economy on a high-tech basis, export orientation, creating a favorable climate for foreign investment and financial sector development, as well as the formation of sufficient savings proper rights, institutional environment are transformed into investment, contributing to further economic growth.

ОСНОВНІ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ПОНЯТІЙНОГО АПАРАТУ «ГОТЕЛЬНЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО» ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЙОГО РОЗВИТКОМ В ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАДАХ

The paper presents the main terms of the subjects of the market of tourist services of Ukraine in accordance with the current legislation and is singled out with the given substantiation for further study of the concept of «hotel enterprise». The normative-legal documents that determine the activity of the hotel enterprise and the resort have been worked out. An important approach and basis for the formation and development of tourist destinations is the legal support and assistance of state and local authorities to approximate the legislation of Ukraine in terms of regulations and state standards to the legislation of the European Union. The main characteristics of the existing conceptual apparatus of the definition of «tourism», «hotel», «resort» are highlighted. The development of central and local tourism authorities is analyzed. The study of the basic terms of the terminological apparatus is an integral part of this study, because it allows a broader understanding of the development of this topic in the current administrative reform of Ukraine. Central and local authorities that manage this industry are of great importance for the development of hotel business. Unfortunately, in recent years Ukraine has undergone many reorganizations at various levels of government, which has had a negative impact on the development of the tourism sector. Effective management ensures the development of hotel business, which requires the joint efforts of public authorities and local governments, representatives of the tourism business and other sectors of the economy to promote Ukraine in the world. This, in turn, requires the improvement of the system and mechanisms of state regulation of the tourism sector, taking into account the positive experience of other countries, to ensure a high level of competitiveness of the national tourism product. The territorial communities, as we see in the example of the Mykolayiv territorial community which are part of the Southern region of Ukraine in the conditions of reforms and decentralization there are significant positive processes of implementing a comprehensive management approach development and management of hotel and tourism business, which reflects our study.

ПОЛИТИКА ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ И ЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ МОЛОДЕЖНОГО РЫНКА ТРУДА В РЕГИОНЕ (на материалах Владимирской области)

The development of the modern national economy is based on the principle of import substitution, its implementation affects the functioning of the national and regional labor market, especially youth. This becomes especially relevant during periods of socio-economic instability, one of which the world economy is currently experiencing. The effectiveness of the implementation of the import substitution program in the Russian Federation, which has been consistently implemented since 2014, requires increased state attention to employment problems, as well as the search for innovative mechanisms of state regulation of the labor market, primarily youth. Among these mechanisms, a special place should be taken by ways to improve the quality of education and professional qualifications, ensuring the technological, economic, social, and informational development of enterprises, raising the prestige of working specialties, forming a positive image of professions in demand on the labor market, demand in the labor market for specialists and areas of training with a high level of competence. The development of the youth labor market in the context of the creation of import-substituting production will contribute to the productive employment of young people, which will reduce the risks of social instability. The article examines the trends in employment in the youth labor market during the growing economic recession and sanctions pressure on the Russian economy. The prospects for the development of the youth labor market in the conditions of the formation of import-substituting production in the region are analyzed. The mechanisms of formation and development of the youth personnel reserve as the basis for the creation of modern industrial potential are revealed. The main problems in the youth labor market are revealed, and ways to solve them are proposed.

INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS OF STATE REGULATION OF THE DEFENSE FUNCTION OF THE UKRAINE AEROSPACE COMPLEX

The article systematizes the principles and methods of institutional transformations of the national economy of Ukraine related to the regulation of defense function, which are set out in the Air Code of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine", "On Space Activities", Concepts of the "State target program of reform and development of the defense-industrial complex for the period up to 2020" and the "National target scientific and technical space program of Ukraine for 2021-2025". The main priorities for the implementation of the defense function are: sustainable development of the national economy; integration into the European political, economic, security, legal space. The powers in the field of realization of the defense function of the state regulatory bodies of the aerospace complex are systematized: the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, the State Aviation Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the State Space Agency of Ukraine, the Ministry of Strategic Industries. Proposals have been developed to coordinate their activities by creating a single information system with the definition of access rights of certain structures in peacetime, special periods, as well as in wartime. Institutional and economic mechanisms of state regulation of the defense function of the aerospace complex of Ukraine are generalized: defense planning; national security planning; public-private partnership; attraction of international advisory, financial, logistical assistance; targeted scientific and technical programs; state defense order. The tangible and intangible forms of the product have been formalized, thanks to which the defense function of the aerospace complex is realized. The directions of improvement of institutional and economic mechanisms of state regulation of the defense function of the aerospace complex of Ukraine are substantiated: ensuring diversification and competitiveness of products; implementation of the import substitution program; large-scale reengineering of technologies, business processes and organization of production in the industrial segment; modernization of final defense products; increasing the capacity of repair and restoration enterprises, development of cluster networks.

Податкові інструменти цифровізації національної економіки: зміст та особливості використання

Today, the development of the national economy can only be imagined with the active use of digital technologies. State authorities and local self-governments can ensure more active development of the digital economy, using the full range of methods, tools, and levers at their disposal. Tax instruments, which form the core of the entire mechanism of state regulation, play a decisive role among them. The article aims to systematize the main tax instruments for stimulating the national economy's digitization. A tax instrument is a way for the state to influence the behavior of economic entities in the process of implementing tax relations. Tax instruments are critical elements in the tax regulation system and, accordingly, are essential for ensuring the development of the digital economy. These tools are multi-variant and quite flexible in use, which gives state authorities and local self-government various opportunities to stimulate the behavior of business entities regarding the use of digital technologies in their activities. For the development of the digital economy, it is necessary to use a range of tax instruments that are both stimulating and controlling in nature. The article singles out tax instruments that should be used to stimulate the national economy's digitization processes. Among them: are taxes, tax benefits, special tax regimes, tax holidays, tax administration, tax control, and tax sanctions. In order to create favorable conditions for the development of digital infrastructure and attract investments, it is advisable to improve tax instruments, focusing them on stimulating the development of the IT industry in Ukraine.

НАУКОВО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ МЕХАНІЗМУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

Abstract. The development of the national economy in modern realities is directly related to the processes of state regulation of economic relations. An integral part of the implementa-tion of state regulation of the economy is the mechanism of such regulation, which is a set of all parameters and elements that, in combination, will allow it to be implemented. It is alsoextremely difficult to form an effective system of state regulation of economic processes in the country, which actualizes the need for new scientific mechanisms of such regulation, which would expand the theory of state regulation of the economy, complement the theoretical, meth-odological and applied aspects of its implementation.The article, based on the analysis of the content of such concepts as "regulation", "state regulation", "state regulation of the economy", "mechanism", specifies the essence of the mechanism of state regulation of the economy, which is proposed to be considered as an or-dered system of interconnected components, namely methods, tools , forms and principles that are used and can be applied by state authorities and local self-government bodies to in-fluence the economic behavior of economic entities. Taking into account the nature of the men-tioned mechanism, the article also specifies its features.It is also justified that, taking into account the nature of the mechanism of state regulation of the economy, such a mechanism is characterized by a complex hierarchical structure of the main components, which in their interaction was considered during the analysis of the model of the specified mechanism. This made it possible toestablish that an important condition for its effective functioning is the provision of a rational and logically structured system of interac-tion between its main components: subjects, methods, forms, tools and regulatory levers. Also, the principles on the basis of which it develops and the available resources play an important role in the functioning of such a mechanism.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА

The article substantiates the main theoretical and methodological principles of state regulation of innovation and entrepreneurship investment development. The purpose of the article is to form the conceptual foundations of state regulation of entrepreneurship innovation and investment development based on the development of new adaptation mechanisms under the conditions of transformational economic processes. The main characteristics of Ukrainian entrepreneurship have been highlighted, which determine its priority for the state economic policy in comparison with other spheres of economic activity. The main components of innovative and investment development of entrepreneurship, on which the attention of state authorities should be focused, have been substantiated, and the main goals of state regulation are highlighted. The main factors influencing the innovation and investment development of entrepreneurship have been identified, which include the level of corruption, the state's ability to provide preferential conditions for conducting business, and the state and prospects of state support for foreign economic activity. It has been substantiated that the synergistic approach directs the process of managing innovation and investment development in the direction of self-organization of complex systems, which includes the entrepreneurship sector with its complex multifunctional aspects of existence. Synergistic resources of innovation and investment development of entrepreneurship and their effective use completely depends on the actions of the state apparatus and the formed state policy in this direction. The mechanism of state regulation of innovation and investment development of entrepreneurship has been developed, its structure, tasks and functional content have been determined. Implementation of the mechanism is carried out by including a number of organizational and financial instruments. Among the organizational ones, it is advisable to single out the regulatory and legal and programmatic components, which relate to legal support and regulatory support of the implemented procedures. The financial component of the mechanism's instrumental support is a set of means of tax regulation and promotion of self-investment of entrepreneurship, as well as financial and investment instruments of state influence.

Regulatory and legal provision of innovative and investment activities of the Ukraine's industrial enterprises

The article reveals the peculiarities of regulatory and legal support of innovative and investment activities of industrial enterprises, examines the institutional system of its regulation, identifies the weaknesses of this system and suggests methods for their improvement. The basic principles and necessity of state support and legislative regulation of innovation and investment activity are substantiated. The main types of strategies are analyzed and promising directions of regulation of innovative and investment activities of industrial enterprises are outlined. Theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of innovative and investment development of industrial enterprises and mechanisms of its implementation are considered. Modern technologies and tools of forecasting and modeling in the management of social and economic processes are studied. An analysis of the state of innovation, investment and scientific and technical potential of industrial enterprises of Ukraine was carried out, and proposals for increasing innovation and investment activity were developed. It is indicated that the main direction of processes in the field of innovations and investments for industrial enterprises should be the implementation of the results of scientific and technical achievements in production and increase the competitiveness of goods and services. The current realities and prospects of the introduction of innovative investment technologies in industry are analyzed. The specific features of innovation and investment processes at the enterprise, regional and national level are highlighted. The experience of leading countries in the implementation of the policy of innovation and investment development of industrial enterprises and the processes of adaptation of the regulatory and legal system of management and administration to European standards are disclosed. Means of legal, analytical and information support for the strategic development of industrial enterprises at the micro, meso and macro levels are presented, approaches to optimizing their innovative and investment activities are proposed. Innovative investment activity is considered as a set of norms of economic legislation and a sub-branch of economic law. Mechanisms of state regulation of innovative and innovative activities, industrial enterprises are disclosed, conditions of formation and implementation of state policy in this area are highlighted. It is noted that due to the insufficient innovation and investment activity of business entities, it is necessary to overcome the problems of attracting investments to the national economy, and subsequently to solve the task of achieving the self-development of the innovative system of Ukraine.

Legal regulation of quantum communications in Russia and in the world

The article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of quantum communications as one of the key varieties of quantum technologies. The analysis of the definitions of “quantum communications” available in the current legislation is carried out, their legal nature as a variety of information and digital technologies is determined. The legal concept of “quantum communications” is formulated. The current legislation in the field of quantum communications is analyzed. The main directions of legal regulation of quantum communications in Russia, the key problems that arise in this case are identified. The development of the Concept of regulatory legal regulation of the quantum communications industry in the Russian Federation is proposed. The analysis of the legal regulation of relations arising in connection with the use of quantum communications indicates a clear lack of methodological support for these processes, the absence of a unified approach to understanding what constitutes “quantum communications”, how it is necessary to develop Russian legislation to ensure the breakthrough introduction of quantum communications. An analysis of the regulation of the quantum communications industry in the world indicates that regulation at the level of strategies, concepts, road-maps and development programs is predominant in this process. An important mechanism of state regulation of the development of quantum communications is the state financing of support for projects in the field of quantum communications. The authors have identified several approaches that have developed abroad to the regulation of quantum technologies, including quantum communications, at the level of strategic regulation. The key promising issues in the field of quantum communications that have found legal regulation in foreign countries, which can be applied in Russia, are identified. The key measures of state support for the quantum communications industry, which should find regulatory reflection in the near future, are identified and systematized.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА В КОНТЕКСТЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИНЦИПОВ «ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ»

Annotation. Innovative economic development requires the use of high-tech technologies and qualitatively new approaches to the conditions for ensuring sustainable economic development. The transformation of the economy actualizes the issues of developing conceptual aspects of the development of regions and the state as a whole, the formation of mechanisms of state regulation and support. The study of trends in the development of the world economy and factors affecting the sustainability of economic development contributes to the development of effective mechanisms that promote economic growth and development. The construction of a national innovation system requires an integrated approach that takes into account the achievements of the world economy in the development of knowledge-intensive and innovative economic sectors, ensuring the implementation of the principles of a «green economy» focused on the careful use of resources and reasonable consumption. The innovative vector of development of the national economy is impossible without a comprehensive mechanism of support of public authorities. The innovative orientation of the economy implies a high capital intensity, which leads to the emergence of financial deficits, the disclosure of which is impossible without effective regulators. Economic sanctions, the withdrawal of foreign capital from the country exacerbate the current problems of limited resources for technological and industrial breakthroughs, but at the same time create opportunities to fill the vacated niches with domestic high-tech and innovative projects that contribute to sectoral renewal and the national economy reaching a new level. Innovative developments are designed to provide priority sectors of the economy with sustainable competitive advantages both in the domestic market and in world markets. The need for pharmaceutical, technological and energy innovations is growing. The state is focused on supporting fundamental, high–tech research – space, IT technologies, bioengineering, etc. However, innovative activity is necessary in all sectors of the domestic economy, which is acutely felt during the period of tough sanctions policy against Russia. The article raises the issues of state stimulation of innovation activity of economic entities as factors contributing to the sustainable economic development of regions. The analysis of the factors contributing to the growth of innovation is carried out, the need for state influence on the innovation processes of the region is substantiated.