Mechanisms Of Differentiation Research Articles

STP-KDE: A spatiotemporal trajectory protection and publishing method based on kernel density estimation

Promoted by the Internet of Thing era, the widespread use of mobile sensing devices equipped with positioning functions has led to the generation of substantial trajectory data. Mining and analyzing trajectory data has high research value, but poses a risk of user privacy leakage, resulting in fewer publicly available trajectory datasets for research and analysis. Therefore, a trajectory data publishing method that ensures high data utility while protecting user privacy has become a hot topic. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal trajectory data protection and publishing method based on kernel density estimation (STP-KDE), which protects the trajectory data and trajectory count values while improving data utility. In the protection process of trajectory data, we designed a kernel density clustering framework that is combined with the differential privacy exponential mechanism. In the protection process of trajectory counts value, the adaptive Laplace noise perturbation mechanism is proposed to differentially protect these counts. Experimental results show that STP-KDE can provide more useful data and stronger privacy protection than existing studies.

KLF9 regulates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease which is characterized by reduced bone mass and degradation of bone microstructure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to inhibit osteoporosis since they are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple types of cells including osteoblasts. Hence the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs deserves comprehensive study. Here we report that KLF9 is a novel regulator in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We observed that depletion of KLF9 can largely compromise the osteogenic differentiation ability of MSCs. In addition, we revealed that inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway could also affect osteogenic differentiation since KLF9 depletion inhibits PI3K expression. Finally, we discovered that KLF9 expression can be induced by dexamethasone which is an essential component in osteogenic induction medium. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the regulatory role of KLF9 in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

Molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in decapod crustaceans for potential aquaculture applications: An overview

AbstractCrustacean aquaculture, especially monosex culture, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination and differentiation. Decapod crustaceans display either female heterogamety (ZW/ZZ) or male heterogamety (XY/XX) as their mode of genotypic sex determination. However, some decapod species exhibit sexual plasticity via removing the androgenic gland, knockdown insulin receptor transcripts, administrating exogenous sex steroids, and altering environmental factors. Although the master sex‐determining gene in decapods remains elusive, various sexual genes, hormones, and neurotransmitter are emerging as important factors in sex differentiation. This review looks into recent advancements in studies related to the genetic sex determination system and factors that trigger sex reversal. Moreover, the elucidation of the role of genetic factors in sex differentiation in both females and males, as well as their underlying interrelated regulatory mechanisms, provides justification for three levels of application: the induction of monosex populations, detection of precocious sex and genotype, and prevention of uncontrolled reproduction. Finally, we proposed future directions of bioinformatics analysis and genome editing coupled with sex control to increase the yield for economic decapods. In conclusion, this review provides a foundation for future research on the reproductive biology and sexual regulation of decapods, with the aim of aiding practitioners in advancing the crustacean aquaculture industry.

Transient caspase-mediated activation of caspase-activated DNase causes DNA damage required for phagocytic macrophage differentiation

Phagocytic macrophages are crucial for innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. Most tissue-resident macrophages develop from embryonic precursors that populate every organ before birth to lifelong self-renew. However, the mechanisms for versatile macrophage differentiation remain unknown. Here, we use invivo genetic and cell biological analysis of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland that produces macrophages. We show that the developmentally regulated transient activation of caspase-activated DNase (CAD)-mediated DNA strand breaks in intermediate progenitors is essential for macrophage differentiation. Insulin receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling regulates the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1)/c-Jun kinase (JNK) axis to control sublethal levels of caspase activation, causing DNA strand breaks during macrophage development. Furthermore, caspase activity is also required for embryonic-origin macrophage development and efficient phagocytosis. Our study provides insights into developmental signaling and CAD-mediated DNA strand breaks associated with multifunctional and heterogeneous macrophage differentiation.

A generative benchmark for evaluating the performance of fluorescent cell image segmentation

Fluorescent cell imaging technology is fundamental in life science research, offering a rich source of image data crucial for understanding cell spatial positioning, differentiation, and decision-making mechanisms. As the volume of this data expands, precise image analysis becomes increasingly critical. Cell segmentation, a key analysis step, significantly influences quantitative analysis outcomes. However, selecting the most effective segmentation method is challenging, hindered by existing evaluation methods' inaccuracies, lack of graded evaluation, and narrow assessment scope. Addressing this, we developed a novel framework with two modules: StyleGAN2-based contour generation and Pix2PixHD-based image rendering, producing diverse, graded-density cell images. Using this dataset, we evaluated three leading cell segmentation methods: DeepCell, CellProfiler, and CellPose. Our comprehensive comparison revealed CellProfiler's superior accuracy in segmenting cytoplasm and nuclei. Our framework diversifies cell image data generation and systematically addresses evaluation challenges in cell segmentation technologies, establishing a solid foundation for advancing research and applications in cell image analysis.

Nonlinear Analysis and Topological Approaches towards a Deep Intelligent Framework for Privacy Assurance of Autonomous IoT Systems

The proliferation of autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) systems powered by deep learning and artificial intelligence has ushered in a new era of data-driven convenience and automation. However, this innovation comes hand in hand with heightened concerns regarding data privacy. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for Privacy Assurance in Autonomous IoT Systems (PAIS), which amalgamates cutting-edge technologies and best practices to safeguard individual privacy in the era of pervasive connectivity and autonomous decision-making. The PAIS framework comprises multifaceted strategies to address privacy challenges in autonomous IoT ecosystems. It leverages advanced encryption techniques, robust access control mechanisms, and anonymization protocols to ensure data confidentiality. Moreover, differential privacy mechanisms are deployed to protect the identities of individuals within data streams. An innovative aspect of PAIS is the integration of AI-driven privacy monitoring, which constantly evaluates data for potential breaches and triggers immediate responses when anomalies are detected. Ensuring regulatory compliance is a paramount facet of the PAIS framework, as it aligns with evolving data protection regulations globally. Users are afforded control and transparency through intuitive interfaces, enabling them to manage their data usage preferences effectively. The ethical implications of AI in privacy preservation are also examined within the framework, emphasizing the importance of fairness and bias mitigation. PAIS promotes a privacy-by-design approach, where privacy considerations are integral to the inception and development of IoT systems. Regular risk assessments are performed to identify potential privacy vulnerabilities, ensuring that the framework adapts to emerging threats. Education and training programs are provided to stakeholders to foster awareness and adherence to privacy best practices.

Metabolic and Transcriptomic Profile Revealing the Differential Accumulating Mechanism in Different Parts of Dendrobium nobile.

Dendrobium nobile is an important orchid plant that has been used as a traditional herb for many years. For the further pharmaceutical development of this resource, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis was performed in different parts of D. nobile. First, saccharides, organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives, and alkaloids were the main substances identified in D. nobile. Amino acids and their derivatives and flavonoids accumulated strongly in flowers; saccharides and phenols accumulated strongly in flowers and fruits; alkaloids accumulated strongly in leaves and flowers; and a nucleotide and its derivatives and organic acids accumulated strongly in leaves, flowers, and fruits. Simultaneously, genes for lipid metabolism, terpenoid biosynthesis, and alkaloid biosynthesis were highly expressed in the flowers; genes for phenylpropanoids biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis were highly expressed in the roots; and genes for other metabolisms were highly expressed in the leaves. Furthermore, different members of metabolic enzyme families like cytochrome P450 and 4-coumarate-coA ligase showed differential effects on tissue-specific metabolic accumulation. Members of transcription factor families like AP2-EREBP, bHLH, NAC, MADS, and MYB participated widely in differential accumulation. ATP-binding cassette transporters and some other transporters also showed positive effects on tissue-specific metabolic accumulation. These results systematically elucidated the molecular mechanism of differential accumulation in different parts of D. nobile and enriched the library of specialized metabolic products and promising candidate genes.

Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular Genetic Features.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid morphologies has an aggressive biological behavior and a typically poor prognosis. The current 2022 WHO classification of renal tumors does not include them as distinct histologic entities but rather as transformational changes that may arise in a background of various distinct histologic types of RCC. The sarcomatoid component shows malignant spindle cells that may grow as intersecting fascicles, which is reminiscent of pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma. The rhabdoid cells are epithelioid cells with eccentrically located vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and large intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. Studies have shown that RCCs with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation have distinctive molecular features. Sarcomatoid RCC harbors shared genomic alterations in carcinomatous and rhabdoid components, but also enrichment of specific genomic alterations in the sarcomatoid element, suggesting molecular pathways for development of sarcomatoid growth from a common clonal ancestor. Rhabdoid differentiation also arises through clonal evolution although less is known of specific genomic alterations in rhabdoid cells. Historically, treatment has lacked efficacy, although recently immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors has produced significant clinical responses. Reporting of sarcomatoid and rhabdoid features in renal cell carcinoma is required by the College of American Pathologists and the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. This manuscript reviews the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of sarcomatoid RCC and rhabdoid RCC with emphasis on the morphologic features of these tumors, significance of diagnostic recognition, the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and differentiation along sarcomatoid and rhabdoid lines, and advances in treatment, particularly immunotherapy.

The role of semaphorin 3A on chondrogenic differentiation.

Osteoblast-derived semaphorin3A (Sema3A) has been reported to be involved in bone protection, and Sema3A knockout mice have been reported to exhibit chondrodysplasia. From these reports, Sema3A is considered to be involved in chondrogenic differentiation and skeletal formation, but there are many unclear points about its function and mechanism in chondrogenic differentiation. This study investigated the pharmacological effects of Sema3A in chondrogenic differentiation. The amount of Sema3A secreted into the culture supernatant was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of chondrogenic differentiation-related factors, such as Type II collagen (COL2A1), Aggrecan (ACAN), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Type X collagen (COL10A1) in ATDC5 cells treated with Sema3A (1,10 and 100ng/mL) was examined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Further, to assess the deposition of total glycosaminoglycans during chondrogenic differentiation, ATDC5 cells were stained with Alcian Blue. Moreover, the amount of hyaluronan in the culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The addition of Sema3A to cultured ATDC5 cells increased the expression of Sox9, Runx2, COL2A1, ACAN, HAS2, and COL10A1 during chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, it enhanced total proteoglycan and hyaluronan synthesis. Further, Sema3A was upregulated in the early stages of chondrogenic differentiation, and its secretion decreased later. Sema3A increases extracellular matrix production and promotes chondrogenic differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the role of Sema3A on chondrogenic differentiation.

Gonadal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that SOX17 and CYP26A1 are Involved in Sex Differentiation in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis).

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important aquaculture animal in China and exhibits growth dimorphism. Single-male cultures are often selected for higher economic efficiency. However, the mechanism of sex differentiation in P. sinensis is not well-known. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of male (ZZ)- and 17β-oestradiol (E2)-induced pseudo-female (ZZ + E2)-stage embryonic gonads of P. sinensis was performed. A total of 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 271 upregulated genes and 149 downregulated genes, were identified. These DEGs were mainly involved in several sex-related pathways, such as "ovarian steroidogenesis", "steroid hormone biosynthesis", "PPAR signalling pathway", and "metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450". In addition, 50 known and novel candidate genes involved in sex differentiation, such as the male-biased genes AMH, DMRT1, TBX1, and CYP26A1 and the female-biased genes CYP1A1, RASD1, and SOX17, were investigated and identified. For further verification, the full-length cDNAs of SOX17 and CYP26A1 were obtained. SOX17 contains a 1218-bp ORF and encodes 405 amino acids containing an HMG functional domain unique to the Sox superfamily. CYP26A1 contains a 1485-bp ORF and encodes 494 amino acids. Different expression levels of SOX17 and CYP26A1 could be detected in all the tested tissues of males and females. Notably, the expression of CYP26A1 was markedly greater in the gonads of male embryos (P < 0.05) than in those of female embryos, whereas the expression of SOX17 showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Taken together, the RNA-seq and qRT‒PCR results suggested potential roles for SOX17 and CYP26A1 in promoting female and male gonadal development, respectively, in P. sinensis. Our results provide new evidence for the mechanism of sex differentiation in P. sinensis.

Driving Mechanisms of Spatial Differentiation in Ecosystem Service Value in Opencast Coal Mines in Arid Areas: A Case Study in the Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone

The valuation of ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for preserving ecosystems, assessing natural resources, and making decisions regarding compensation. In this study, we employed the InVEST model’s habitat quality (HQ) module to calculate the HQ and degradation levels in the study area using land use/land cover (LULC) data from 2000 to 2020. Our analysis utilized quantitative methods, including spatial correlation, hotspot analysis, and geo-probing, to determine the value of ESs and identify trends. Furthermore, we examined the spatial and temporal variation in the significance of ESs and their driving factors. The results show the following. (1) The primary LULC types in the Zhundong coalfield from 2000 to 2020 are grassland and barren areas. (2) The average value of the HQ index in the study area exhibited a generally decreasing trend. Between 2000 and 2010, HQ significantly declined, particularly in the region’s large barren industrial and mining zones. However, over time, the proportion of sites with minimal degradation improved steadily, resulting in better overall HQ in the study area by 2020. This pertains to the measures put in place by the local government to safeguard and rehabilitate the ecosystem. (3) The spatial distribution of the ecosystem service value (ESV) aligns with changes in HQ and LULC, with significant hotspots primarily observed in forest and grassland areas, nature reserves, and areas around water sources. (4) LULC, temperature, annual precipitation, and elevation are the main drivers of spatial variation in the ESV in the Zhundong area; the spatial variation in the ESV in the Zhundong coalfield is primarily influenced by the interaction between human factors and natural factors, in which LULC plays a dominant role. This study’s findings can guide the development of rational ecological planning, integrating resource conservation mining with effective zoning management.

Magnetic Seeding of SPIO-BMSCs Into a Biphasic Scaffold Can Promote Tendon-Bone Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair.

The tendon-bone interface (TBI) in the rotator cuff has a poor intrinsic capacity for healing, which increases the risk of retear after rotator cuff repair (RCR). However, facilitating regeneration of the TBI still remains a great clinical challenge. Herein, the authors established a novel strategy based on magnetic seeding to enhance the TBI regeneration. Magnetic seeding bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO-BMSCs) into a biphasic scaffold can promote tendon-bone healing after RCR. Controlled laboratory study. BMSCs were labeled with SPIOs. Prussian blue staining, CCK-8 tests, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the optimal effect concentration of SPIOs on cell bioactivities and abilities. Then SPIO-BMSCs were magnetically seeded into a biphasic scaffold under a magnetic field. The seeding efficacy was assessed by a scanning electron microscope, and the potential mechanism in chondrogenic differentiation after seeding SPIO-BMSCs into the scaffold was evaluated by Western blot and PCR. Furthermore, the effect of SPIO-BMSC/biphasic scaffold on tendon-bone healing after RCR using a rat model was examined using histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and biomechanical evaluation. BMSCs labeled with 100 μg/mL SPIO had no effect on cell bioactivities and the ability of chondrogenic differentiation. SPIO-BMSCs were magnetically seeded into a biphasic scaffold, which offered a high seeding efficacy to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of SPIO-BMSCs via the CDR1as/miR-7/FGF2 pathway for TBI formation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo application of the biphasic scaffold with magnetically seeded SPIO-BMSCs showed their regenerative potential, indicating that they could significantly accelerate and promote TBI healing with superior biomechanical properties after RCR in a rat rotator cuff tear model. Magnetically seeding SPIO-BMSCs into a biphasic scaffold enhanced seeding efficacy to promote cell distribution and condensation. This construct enhanced the chondrogenesis process via the CDR1as/miR-7/FGF2 pathway and further promoted tendon-bone healing after RCR in a rat rotator cuff tear model. This study provides an alternative strategy for improving TBI healing after RCR.

Characterization of pore structures after ASP flooding for post-EOR

With the global assistance of oil fields entering the stage of improving oil recovery, diversified composite flooding technology has become one of the key research targets. This article takes composite flooding to improve oil recovery as the research object, explores the differential mechanism of crude oil displacement efficiency under water flooding and composite flooding conditions, and elucidates the dynamic evolution characteristics of pore structure before and after composite flooding. Results show that: (a) The permeability and porosity of Daqing oilfield cores have a good correlation. The porosity of cores after water driving and ternary composite driving mainly ranged from 23.6 % to 27.4 % and 22.8 %–26.8 %. The water-driving permeability mainly ranged from 168 × 10−3 μm2 to 2162 × 10−3 μm2. Ternary composite driving permeability mainly ranges from 302 × 10−3 μm2 to 2307 × 10−3 μm2. (b) Compared with water driving, quartz and clay minerals are corroded by alkali during ternary composite driving. (c) Under the condition of similar permeability, the average pore size of the core after ternary composite driving is smaller than the average pore size after water driving.

Proteomic profiling of Botryllus schlosseri, an emerging model organism

Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial chordate species that exhibits robust stem cell-mediated regeneration capacities throughout life. It grows through a process of colonial budding known as blastogenesis, in addition to its sexual reproduction mode, embryogenesis. In natural conditions, colony growth peaks in the summer and drastically decreases in the winter due to various seasonal factors. We have established and optimized a method to rear B. schlosseri animals in landlocked laboratories where the controlled conditions allow colonies to grow continuously and exponentially through asexual reproduction under constant temperature, salinity, light, and nutrient conditions. During the weekly blastogenic cycle, all asexually derived parental zooids synchronously regress within one day and are replaced by a new generation. To enable comprehensive molecular phenotyping of this species we established a quantitative proteomics workflow and spectral library for Liquid chromatography/Tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) data-independent acquisition (DIA). In this study, we quantified the relative abundances of several thousand proteins representing molecular phenotypes of B. schlosseri. This workflow enables us to use proteomics to characterize zooid development during its regenerative cycle, including the short critical period of the takeover stage, during which degenerating zooids undergo massive apoptosis while succeeding buds quickly mature and migrate into place. From this data, protein networks associated with regeneration and degeneration can be created, offering insights into tissue developmental pathways in vivo and future cell immortalization strategies in vitro. Furthermore, the establishment of quantitative proteomics workflows for B. schlosseri coupled with its unique life cycle features promotes the use of this model organism for the study of phenotypic plasticity and evolution of aging, stem cells, and mechanisms of regeneration and cell differentiation. This project is funded by NSF Grant MCB — 2127516. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Olfactory EEG induced by odor: Used for food identification and pleasure analysis

As the need for food authenticity verification increases, sensory evaluation of food odors has become widely recognized. This study presents a theory based on electroencephalography (EEG) to create an Olfactory Perception Dimensional Space (EEG-OPDS), using feature engineering and ensemble learning to establish material and emotional spaces based on odor perception and pleasure. The study examines the intrinsic connection between these two spaces and explores the mechanisms of integration and differentiation in constructing the OPDS. This method effectively visualizes various types of food odors while identifying their perceptual intensity and pleasantness. The average classification accuracy for odor recognition in an eight-category experiment is 96.1%. Conversely, the average classification accuracy for sensory pleasantness recognition in a two-category experiment is 98.8%. The theoretical approach proposed in this study, based on olfactory EEG signals to construct an OPDS, captures the subtle perceptual differences and individualized pleasantness responses to food odors.

How does market-incentive environmental regulation affect enterprises green growth? The mediating role of R&D investment and innovation output

Manufacturing enterprises is a country's economic mainstay. However, their longtime extensive growth pattern of “high growth and high emission” has brought huge environment pollution and restricted sustainable development. Under the circumstance of carbon reduction and global green development, market-incentive environmental regulation (MER) has attracted the attention of scholars and become a kind of important methods of encouraging manufacturing enterprises green growth. Presently, two fairly distinct viewpoints of “Follow Cost” and “Porter Hypothesis” both have their own supportive research results, and the explanation for the role of MER is completely opposite. What's more, empirical research at the enterprise level is scarce. Therefore, this study makes a further analysis from the perspective of enterprises heterogeneous innovation ability. Guided by the classic theory of “Follow Cost” and “Porter Hypothesis”, this study aims to evaluate the applicable conditions of MER's environmental improvement effect, and testing the differential impact mechanism of MER on enterprise Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP), enterprise Green Technological Change (GTC) and enterprise Green Efficiency Change (GEC). All these give theoretical and empirical supplementation for the rationality of related theories. This study examines the hypotheses and mechanism according to 1220 Chinese manufacturing listed companies data 2011–2020. The empirical results indicate that: (1) In short term, MER has a significant positive impact on GTC, and a significant negative impact on GTFP and GEC. (2) As innovation driven factors, both enterprise R&D investment and innovation output play the mediating role. (3) Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact mechanism varies depending on enterprise industry-type, location and digital level. Thus, policymakers should develop appropriate MER policies, and manufacturing enterprises should strengthen technological innovation to help achieve environmental sustainability and profit performance.

Investigation on spontaneous recombination mechanisms in GaN based laser diodes under low injection current

This study works on the spontaneous recombination mechanisms of GaN-based laser diodes (LDs) under low injection current by examining their power–current (P–I) curves and electroluminescence spectra. Our investigation focuses on the behavior of differential efficiency in LDs under low injection current, revealing that a competition between impurity-related yellow emissions and band-edge blue emissions leads to a change in total luminescence efficiency. Using both experimental and simulating methods, the yellow emission peak is primarily attributed to carrier recombination in deep-level defects located on the LD's p-side. A detailed explanation to the differential efficiency changing mechanism is beneficial to improve the GaN-based LD performance in future fabrication.

Differential roof cutting for roadway support in dual gob-side entry retention on a single working face − Multilevel continuous anchor-grouting control technology: A case study

The coal pillar-free gob-side entry retention technology (GER), which enhances resource recovery rates and reduces the amount of tunnel excavation, has been applied in multiple mining areas in China. However, cases of implementing gob-side entry retention on both sides of a single working face are rare. The asynchronous extraction of long-distance working faces leads to significant differences in the stress environment of roadways on both sides, and uniform technical means are poorly adapted to the control of surrounding rock on both sides, affecting the safe and efficient production. This paper, taking the dual gob-side entry retention on both sides of the 61001 W working face with thick mudstone roofs in Zhao Guan Coal Mine, Shandong Province, as the engineering background, utilizes a combination of theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and on-site detailed monitoring to analyze the uncoordinated deformation characteristics of the upper part bulging and the lower part concaving of the two roadways. It clarifies the differentiated spatiotemporal evolution law of the number of fractures and the development turning points at different depths of the surrounding rock of the two entries, revealing the differential deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock of the two entries caused by stress state and fracture development differences. A “cutting roof to relieve pressure-multilevel continuous anchor-grouting” combined control technology system is proposed. By cutting off the stress transmission of the roof through drilling and blasting, and then reconstructing the integrity of the surrounding rock and improving the rock strength with the help of anchor-grouting. With the application of this new technology, the deformation of the surrounding rocks of the two entries was reduced by more than 60 % and 29 %, respectively, and the maximum crack depth of the roof was controlled within 3 m, significantly enhancing the stability of the roadways. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the control of surrounding rock in gob-side entry retention under similar conditions.

Impacts of Non- and Whole-fat Milk Supplementation on Metabolism-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in C57BL/6 Mice

Background: Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a widespread metabolic disease affecting 25% of the global adult population following Westernized lifestyles. Lifestyle modifications, specifically adherence to healthy dietary patterns, are pivotal in preventing and mitigating this disease. Consuming milk and dairy products is considered a cornerstone of a healthy dietary pattern, gathering significant attention due to compelling evidence from observational studies. These studies suggest that a higher intake of milk and certain dairy products is associated with a reduced risk of MAFLD. However, the relative health benefits of high- compared to lower-fat milk is a current topic of interest, with ongoing debates about their equivalency in promoting metabolic health. Aims &amp; Hypothesis: In a MAFLD mouse model, we aim to determine the dependence of milk’s fat content on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolic pathways by comparing whole- (WFM) to non-fat (NFM) milk supplementation in high-fat diet-fed mice (HFD). We hypothesize that both WFM and NFM will significantly improve HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation but via differential molecular mechanisms. Methods: Two cohorts of n=24 and n=36 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized for one week, then randomly assigned to a HFD (45 kcal% fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD; 10 kcal% fat) control group. The HFD mice were randomized to either a WFM or NFM treatment of 0.425 mL milk for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, mice underwent an insulin tolerance and pyruvate tolerance test and body composition was measured. The animals were then euthanized, tissues were collected, and hepatic lipid metabolism was compared using western blot, histology, hepatic lipid assays, gas chromatography, and qPCR. Statistics were then completed using GraphPad Prism software 7.0, utilizing T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc tests with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Body weight gain was significantly reduced in NFM groups compared to HFD and WFM, accounted for by a significant reduction in fat mass. ITT was unaltered when corrected to baseline, but NFM groups had significantly higher PTT values when corrected to baseline. Overnight-fasted blood glucose was significantly reduced in NFM animals compared to WFM animals, suggesting an altered metabolic state between the two treatment groups. Histological results indicate a significant reduction in lipid accumulation by the NFM group compared to the HFD group (p&lt;0.05), with WFM trending towards a similar reduction (p=0.051). Hepatic triglyceride concentrations were significantly reduced in NFM animals compared to WFM and HFD animals, suggesting a greater effect of NFM in reducing hepatic steatosis. Hepatic molecular results display an enhancement of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and export pathways in the NFM group. In contrast, WFM displays an enhancement of de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and fatty acid oxidation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that NFM may be more effective at reducing hepatic steatosis through enhanced fatty acid oxidation and export. WFM may reduce steatosis less effectively because of counteractive effects on fatty acid uptake and de novo lipogenesis versus beta-oxidation. These results provide mechanistic evidence of the protective effects of milk on MAFLD. The funding sources for this project include the Alberta Diabetes Institute Studentship Grant, CIHR Canadian Graduate Studentship, and Dairy Farmers of Canada. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Comparative analysis of permeability rebound and recovery of tectonic and intact coal: Implications for coalbed methane recovery in tectonic coal reservoirs

The permeability rebound and recovery of coal reservoirs is one of the key factors affecting the efficient recovery of coalbed methane (CBM). Most studies focus on the permeability rebound and recovery of intact coal reservoirs. Conversely, the permeability rebound characteristics of tectonic coal have only been rarely investigated. In this paper, an improved fully coupled mathematical model for methane transport of tectonic coal and intact coal seam was established. Then, the phenomenon of permeability rebound and recovery was analyzed theoretically, and the permeability rebound time, rebound value and recovery time were proposed to compare the difference in permeability evolution. In addition, the permeability rebound characteristics of tectonic and intact coal were evaluated for different geological parameters of coal reservoirs. The results indicate that the rebound time and recovery time of both intact and tectonic coal increase with the increase of initial gas pressure. As the initial permeability increases, the permeability rebound time of intact and tectonic coal show a decreasing trend. The permeability rebound time of intact coal decreases with increasing initial diffusion coefficient, while that of tectonic coal shows the opposite trend. Furthermore, the change in permeability recovery time for tectonic coal is 6.59 times larger than for intact coal, indicating that the effect of permeability rebound phenomenon is more significant during gas extraction in tectonic coal reservoirs. Finally, a conceptual model was proposed to explain the differential mechanism of permeability rebound between tectonic and intact coal, and its implications for CBM recovery in tectonic coal reservoirs was discussed. Therefore, the results presented in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient development of CBM in tectonic coal reservoirs.