Mechanism For Empowerment Research Articles

Evaluation Implementation Of Regional Program Empowering “Gotong Royong” In New Autonomy Region

This research aims to illustrate the success of a program. The Stufflebeam CIPP Evaluation Model with the view that the most important goal of evaluation is not proving but to improve. And has been the program of Regional Empowerment of “Gotong Royong” (Mutual Cooperation), is an empowerment program; and as a complex function of community management, governance involves relationships between the various forces within the State in the region of local government, civil society, economic society and political society. Empowerment that prioritizes the importance of participation of all societies, to participate actively from the planning stage to the stage of evaluation, and development (bottom-up planning). This mechanism of community empowerment aims to accelerate the prevention of society that bears the Predicate of Social Welfare Problems. Poverty and one of the principles of governance is the network. West Sumbawa Regency as a New Autonomous Region, thereby governance when the authority is decentralized to power centers of many people / groups / institutions, where one another controls (checks and balances) to then build collaboration and network of activities that support each other in an integrated design team (IDT). Some of the indicators used in this study are targeted beneficiaries, community participation, and benefits received by the community. Based on the observations in the field and data processing obtained that first; for beneficiary target indicators, the most beneficiaries of the PoSWP are the poor in the sector; Micro, Agriculture, Livestock, and Fishery & Marine. Second; Indicator of community participation, obtained by category in medium participation. Third; for the benefit indicator received, it was found that the benefits of the skills, knowledge, health, and income received by the village community were categorized in the moderate rise category.

Millennials’ Career Attitudes: The roles of Career Anchors and Psychological Empowerment

This study examines the mediating effect Millennials’ psychological empowerment perceptions on the relationship between their career anchors (technical/functional competence, general managerial competence, autonomy/independence, security/stability, entrepreneurial creativity, service/dedication to a cause, pure challenge and life style) and career attitudes. Participants were 492 engineers who are working in different Information Technology companies. The results indicate a significant relationship between Millennials’ psychological empowerment and their protean career attitudes. Hierarchical regression analyses show that the relationships between career anchors (autonomy, security, entrepreneurial creativity, service and pure challenge) and Millennials’ protean career attitudes are partially mediated by their psychological empowerment perceptions. The findings reveal that organizations should focus more on giving importance to empowerment mechanisms for Millennials that is the underlying effect between their career anchors and career attitudes.

The reality of mechanisms of administrative Empowerment used by directors of educational institutions

This study sought to monitor the reality of the mechanisms of administrative empowerment used by the directors of educational institutions by studying the dimensions of administrative empowerment; these are delegation of authority, motivation, communication, participation in decision-making, and training. The study is a descriptive and analytical study, which was based on a social survey of the sample. It was applied to the principals of the schools, which numbered 52, in various educational departments in the Alexandria governorate. The results of the study reflected the weakness of administrative empowerment mechanisms in educational institutions, stressing the importance of activating a process of administrative empowerment in educational institutions to achieve administrative development, plus demonstrating the need for further research on the mechanisms of administrative development in educational institutions through motivation, communication, participation in decision-making, and training.

Leveraging Highly Relational Service Performance Through The Participation of Empowered Customer

Objective: As highly relational services are so heavily dependent on customer participation, it is relevant to understand how organizations can turn mandatory participation into more productive interaction; and how customer empowerment can be used as a mechanism to enhance participation and subsequently affect service evaluations and behavioral intentions. Method:Conceptual article analyzing the literature on customer participation and empowerment and presenting a framework that explores the effects of these constructs on service evaluations and behavioral intentions. Main Result: Service providers that offer opportunities to customers to move from the audience to the stage turn customers into competent partners, empowered-to-act, who can impact processes and outcomes. Under these conditions, the company together with the customer co-create personalized experiences, and the company can achieve a competitive advantage. Contributions:The distinction between different empowerment mechanisms and their effects on how participation develops in highly relational services contributes to the literature on service marketing, which may consider distinctive effects in models explaining service performance. The article discusses that customer empowerment impact on participation follows an inverted-U curve shape. Relevance/Originality:The empowerment-to-act mechanism described may contribute to a reduction in value co-destruction risk, as customers will be more prepared to assume their roles. Social and Managerial Implications: Organizations can clarify the effects of chosen strategies to promote customer empowerment; and public policies can also benefit from a more comprehensive understanding of mechanisms influencing customers behavioral intentions toward institutions, as customers who are more capable of taking decisions are less vulnerable.

Code Switch: Alternative Visions of Computer Expertise as Empowerment from the 1960s to the 2010s.

In the 2010s, claims that learning to program would bring economic success for disadvantaged groups became ubiquitous in American public discourse. Although the coding movement presented itself as radically new, it recapitulated earlier framings of computing skill as a mechanism for empowerment. Using examples from the early history of computing and the twenty-first-century coding movement, I show how programming skill has been variously constructed as a shift of power from management to labor, a means of economic uplift for minorities, or a thinking tool for children. I argue that coding initiatives have always been embedded in politics and that the specific types of power associated with computer skill have been tied to the social identities of coding proponents and their intended beneficiaries. I contrast coding efforts controlled by dominant industry and research groups with grassroots efforts by women and minorities that reveal oppositional logics for empowerment based on radical questioning of both the nature and the ultimate purpose of coding.

Confident, focused and connected: the importance of mentoring for women’s career development in the events industry

ABSTRACTThe events industry is female-dominated numerically, yet men continue to occupy the majority of senior roles and positions of influence. A variety of factors contribute to this persistent glass ceiling, including shortage of female role models, lack of confidence, inflexible working hours and limited professional networks. Mentoring has been shown to begin to address some of these challenges women may face in progressing to senior positions. This paper reports on research conducted on a formal industry-wide mentoring programme for women that aims to pair female professionals with leading industry figures in a supportive, collaborative and focused programme of development activities. Drawing on data from 37 interviews with mentees on the programme, conducted over the course of one year, the article considers if and how mentoring can help empower women in the events industry to aim high and proactively advance their careers. Findings suggest that mentoring can have positive effects on women’s confidence, ability to plan professionally and build supportive and enabling networks. The study shows the value of a structured, formal programme for mentoring activities and suggests that, although mentoring alone will not redress gender inequality in the events industry, it provides a valuable and effective mechanism for individual career development and empowerment.

Volunteer Youth Leaders for Health - Philippines: Providing a Mechanism for Youth Empowerment towards Advocacy for Birth Defects Prevention and Care

The Volunteer Youth Leaders for Health - Philippines (VYLHPhilippines) is a national youth network established in 2009 as a model of how to organize young women and men into a national force that promotes self-learning, independence, personal growth and sustained positive public health change from the grassroots level and up. Formed under the aegis of the University of the Philippines Manila and the Department of Health, the VYLH-Philippines has focused its activities in the past eight years on helping reduce mortality and disability from congenital disorders through awareness programs and support for policy development. This paper describes in detail the organization and extraordinary accomplishments of the VYLHPhilippines to date.

Efecto de la demanda en las características del ganado ovino comercializado en el Altiplano Oeste Potosino

Las regiones áridas y semiáridas comprenden poco más de un tercio de la superficie terrestre. En el caso de México, las zonas áridas y semiáridas están conformadas por cerca de 854,000 km2 de pastizales naturales que son utilizados como agostaderos para la crianza de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos, actividad que se ha constituido como un medio de ahorro y disminución de pérdidas monetarias dentro de las actividades de subsistencia de los pequeños productores en estas zonas del país. El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar diferencias entre las características raza, peso, edad y sanidad en el ganado ovino comercializado en el Altiplano Oeste Potosino (AOP), observando cuáles de éstas inciden en lo demandado por compradores al momento de la compra-venta dentro del eslabón primario de la cadena de ovino en dicha región. La información se obtuvo mediante una encuesta aplicada a 115 ovinocultores. Se utilizó la prueba Kruskal-Wallis para determinar diferencias entre las características demandadas según el municipio y una prueba de X2 para el tipo de comprador (local/foráneo). Mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria, se determinó la probabilidad de demanda para cada característica. Se encontró que no existen diferencias entre los municipios que conforman la región según las características demandadas. En lo respectivo a las características solicitadas por tipo de comprador, sólo hubo diferencias para la característica edad (P≤0.05), siendo la edad solicitada por un comprador local el doble a la solicitada por uno foráneo (6 meses). El modelo de regresión logística binaria indicó una mayor probabilidad de demanda para la característica raza (91.7%). La mayor preferencia se dio para la raza Dorper. La investigación reveló que la geografía de la región y el origen de los clientes no influyen sobre la demanda de las características peso, raza, sanidad y edad de los hatos ovinos. Se observó una cadena productiva poco competitiva y desintegrada. Debido a la importancia de esta cadena productiva en la región, se hace factible la implementación de estrategias que procuren la integración económica mediante el uso del conocimiento e información de la demanda de ganado ovino, pudiendo este elemento conformarse en un mecanismo de empoderamiento para ovinocultores y un soporte para innovaciones tecnológicas en los sistemas productivos locales.

PrEP Chicago: A randomized controlled peer change agent intervention to promote the adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among young Black men who have sex with men.

Advances in biomedical prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) represent a new opportunity for reducing HIV incidence among young Black men who have sex with men, for whom the number of new HIV infections continues to rise. However, studies have documented low rates of PrEP uptake in this community. Research suggests that the peer networks of young Black men who have sex with men play important roles in their sexual health decisions. PrEP Chicago is a randomized controlled trial network intervention designed to increase PrEP uptake among young Black men who have sex with men living in Chicago. The aims of this study are twofold. Aim 1 is to estimate the effectiveness of a peer change agent intervention for (1) increasing the number of referrals made to a PrEP information line, (2) increasing the rate of PrEP adoption among non-participant peers, and (3) increasing PrEP knowledge, attitudes, and intentions among participants. Aim 2 is to determine the individual and network variables that explain peer change agent effectiveness. PrEP Chicago is a social network intervention that utilizes the influence of peer change agents to link young Black men who have sex with men in Chicago to PrEP. Young Black men who have sex with men were recruited using respondent-driven sampling. Once screened for eligibility, participants were randomly assigned to either one of two treatment sequences: (1) intervention treatment in Year 1 followed by a minimal contact attention control in Year 2 or (2) the minimal contact attention control in Year 1 followed by treatment in Year 2. The treatment consists of a PrEP/peer change agent training workshop followed by booster calls for 12 months. The attention control consists of a sex diary activity designed to help participants assess sexual risk. Psychosocial, sexual health, and network data are collected from all participants at baseline and at 12- and 24-month follow-ups. In total, 423 participants aged 18-35 have been enrolled (more than 100% target enrollment) and have completed baseline data collection. A majority of participants in both intervention and control groups reported having heard of PrEP before enrolling in the study, yet also reported having had no current or prior experience taking PrEP. Statistical analyses await completion of Year 1 of the trial in March 2018. PrEP Chicago addresses a gap in HIV prevention research and intervention design by utilizing the existing social networks among young Black men who have sex with men as mechanisms for information diffusion, behavioral influence, social support, and empowerment. Therefore, interventions that leverage peer influence processes to facilitate PrEP uptake are promising strategies to improve sexual health engagement and overcome disparities in outcomes among this at-risk population.

Are all jobs created equal? A cross-national analysis of women's employment and child malnutrition in developing countries

Using multi-level models, the analysis examines female employment and child stunting across 49 developing countries. At the country level, female labor force participation is not associated with malnutrition after controlling for economic development. At the individual level, a binary measure of employment is not significantly associated with malnutrition. However, a more nuanced measure of seven occupational categories shows that certain types of employment improve malnutrition. Professional, clerical, sales, and domestic jobs are associated with reduced stunting. These effects are only partially mediated by wealth, perhaps suggesting that some jobs may bring benefits to the household beyond the sheer acquisition of tangible resources. Agricultural jobs are associated with increased malnutrition. Manual labor and service work do not have an effect on malnutrition, compared to unemployment. Thus, women's employment is not necessarily a mechanism for empowerment and wellbeing. Not all jobs are created equal, and many of them do not confer the benefits that are typically associated with working outside the home.

Regional parliamentary empowerment in EU affairs. Building an analytical framework

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the effects of the Lisbon Treaty provisions for regional parliaments in EU decentralised systems by looking at the early warning system (EWS) for subsidiarity control. It argues that the implications of this mechanism for parliamentary empowerment at the regional level should be assessed carefully and their links with political mobilisation, institutional restructuring and policy involvement in a particular context should be analysed as precisely as possible. For this reason, this article proposes a conceptual and analytical framework that allows the detection of several kinds of regional empowerment under the EWS and explains their transformative effects in different national contexts.

Empowerment through Decentralization: Conceptions, Contrivances and Connections

The coupling of empowerment with decentralization is a relatively new preoccupation, as the rethinking and understanding of empowerment and decentralization have transformed into new connotations and dimensions within the global development community in globalized age. The meaning and nature of empowerment and decentralization mostly depend on the context in which it is being used. There is a growing conception that delivering efficient and effective goods and services is not possible without transforming authority and resources from central government to the local level. Decentralization is the means of providing effective and efficient services to the people at grass roots level as well as the mechanism of empowerment. Moreover, the notion of empowerment is to focus on the elimination of socio-economic and political barriers through the transformation and distribution of power between the government, institutions and community. However, the efficiency and quality of decentralization in terms of empowerment largely depend on, decentralized policy of the central government, institutional and managerial capacities of local agencies and local political power structure. The degree of empowerment differs from situation to situation, depending on the availability of information, implementation of decisions, mechanisms of peoples ’participation and accountability. This paper is a comprehensive study of the empowerment and decentralization considering the conceptual framework and practical implications. In this regard, this paper reviews the conceptions and dimensions of empowerment and decentralization as well as explains the rationale for adopting a decentralization policy in developing countries. This paper also illustrates the mechanisms that are important to empower people and the mechanisms in which form decentralization initiatives are undertaken in developing countries. Finally, this paper measures the impacts of empowerment and decentralization and demonstrates their interrelationships.

Procedures for Setting Public Authorities Bodies in the Russian Federation: Modern Perspective

The article is devoted to the analysis and prospects of improving the current procedures for the formation of bodies of State power in the Russian Federation serving as a mechanism for empowerment and legitimization of these bodies both at national and international level and being the primary stage for functioning institutions of the mediated democracy. The instability of constitutional legal regulation and practice testifies to the active search for optimal ways of development in this area. The author mentions that in the modern legal reality there exist different kinds of election procedures (depending on the electoral system), appointments (taking into account the related procedures for the selection, coordination, approval, etc.) and their hybrid combinations. The main problem here is the absence of stands and uniform standards in their use of situational forms for empowerment of a public authority, which is fraught with inefficiencies not only created authorities, but also with undermining public confidence in public institutions. The problems of legal regulation of existing procedures also include their excessive settlement, complexity, gaps, duplicative rules, other factors of corruption, which does not make it possible to implement the procedure, that makes it difficult to use or creates the potential for abuse in the formation of public authorities. Russian law often lacks procedures involving the declarative nature of their respective substantive legal standards. In view of such issues the article considers separate electoral procedures, the procedures for the formation of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and bodies of executive po wer in the Russian Federation. The author suggests developing a theoretical framework that would make it possible to systematize the procedures for State bodies in order to unify the principles of their application, basics of interaction of participating subjects. This would eliminate the negative elements in their use (usurpation of power, indefinite latitude of powers incidental political preconditions, etc.) and eventually will increase the efficiency of the activities of the public authorities in the the source of power, and will forward constitutional and political evolution of the State in a certain direction.

Social Enterprise as a Mechanism of Youth Empowerment

Empowerment is one of the most important social value creation activities performed by social enterprises (SEs). Despite the burgeoning research on SEs, there is limited research on the meaning and aspects of empowerment from the SE perspective, or the so-called SE-as-Empowerment research. In light of this research gap, we employed the Gioia’s methodology and data triangulation to analyze a renowned Hong Kong’s SE that focuses on youth empowerment. This study contributes to the SE-as-Empowerment literature by revealing five types of empowerment –– building social awareness, meaningful participation, social connections, building entrepreneurial skills, and power sharing between youths and adults –– which can be broadly categorized into social-capacity empowerment and entrepreneurial-capacity empowerment. This study makes novel contributions to the SE-as-Empowerment literature by proposing new concepts including multi-directional (internally and externally oriented) aspect of empowerment, the pluralistic notion of agency, and power sharing between youths and adults as important elements of youth empowerment in SE. Finally, we discuss the implications of this study for the SE practitioners, educators, and policy makers and propose avenues for future research.

Medijų ir informacinis raštingumas kaip asmens įgalinimo priemonė

Šiuolaikinė švietimo paradigma diktuoja perėjimą prie tokio mokymo (-si), kuris neatsiejamas nuo bendradarbiavimo tarp šeimos ir mokyklos, patirtinio mokymos (-si) bei aktyvaus socialinių partnerių įsitraukimo. Tokio mokymo (-si) rezultatas yra asmuo (agent), gebantis ir norintis įsitraukti į socialinį procesą, mokantis rasti galimybę ne tik kelti, bet irįgyvendinti savo tikslus, juos lanksčiai derindamas prie situacijos ar turimų išteklių. Toks asmuo gali būti apibrėžtas kaip įgalintasis asmuo. Akivaizdi šiandienos edukacinė tendencija – asmenų, dalyvaujančių švietimo sistemoje, stiprinimas pasitelkus socialinį įgalinimą. Šiuolaikiniuose socialiniuose moksluose socialinio įgalinimo koncepcija yra reikšminga. Manoma, kad tai yra vienas iš svarbiausių gyvenimo kokybės rodiklių. Įgalinimas yra procesas, kuris dėl savo tarpdiscipliniškumo bei daugiamatiškumo yra apibrėžiamas įvairiai ir nėra sutarta dėl vienos definicijos (Page, Czuba, 1999). Esamų apibrėžimų analizė atskleidžia, kad socialiniame diskurse įgalinimas pirmiausiai interpretuojamas veiklos kontekste. Asmens gebėjimas veikti nepriklausomai ir priimti sprendimus yra pagrindinis socialinio įgalinimo rodiklis. Asmuo veikia nepriklausomai, taip sustiprindamas įtaką tiek savo, tiek visuomenės gyvenime. (Erb, Kaindl, 2007; Hurrelmann, 1986). Pedagogikos mokslas įsitraukė į socialinio įgalinimo tyrimus. Konstruojamos mokslinės interpretacijos siūlančios keisti esamą pedagoginę mintį. Judama nuo tradicinio pedagoginio diskurso link bendradarbiaujančio modelio, akcentuojančio besimokantįjį kaip individą su unikalia pasaulėžiūra. Postmodernus laikmetis švietimui ir ugdymui kelia abipusės pagarbos, o ne paklusnumo diegimo tikslą. Sparti technologijų pažanga keičia švietimo koncepcijos interpretaciją ir švietėjo bei besimokančiojo vaidmenis. Svarbi tampa kiekvieno asmens savarankiško mokymosi visą gyvenimą atsakomybė bei pagarba visų švietimo dalyvių kompetencijoms. Straipsnyje tiriama medijų ir informacinio raštingumo svarba įgalinimo procese. Apibūdinami medijų ir informacinio raštingumo komponentai bei veikimo mechanizmai. Ieškomi atsakymų į klausimus: • Koks yra pagrindinis medijų ir informacinio raštingumo ugdant tikslas? • Koks yra medijų ir informacinio raštingumo turinys? • Kaip integruoti medijų ir informacinį raštingumą į mokymo(si) procesą?

NARRATIVAS DOS PIBIDIANOS DE HISTÓRIA: PROCESSOS DE EMPODERAMENTO NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR

Esta pesquisa-ação investigou as relações da Educação Básica com o Ensino Superior, no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) de História, em uma universidade federal do norte do Brasil. Buscou compreender os significados do Pibid nos processos de empoderamento e de aprimoramento da formação do licenciando (bolsista), do professor e de seus alunos da escola-campo. Os resultados evidenciaram que um dos mecanismos para o empoderamento dos sujeitos foi a criação de espaços para que todos esses atores pudessem se expressar com autoridade de fala. Os saberes do professor da escola-campo e do bolsista foram articulados na atuação do Pibid, almejando a produção de novos capitais cultural e pedagógico, aprimorados pela prática de quem já tem experiência em lidar com os desafios do contexto escolar e pela teoria de quem está em processo de formação, com vistas à inserção na docência.

Women empowerment through social innovation in indigenous social enterprises

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore innovative enabler mechanisms for women's empowerment in a social enterprise and how they promote local development in a Zapotec indigenous community, the third largest ethnic group in Mexico. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This paper contributes to the extension of social entrepreneurship literature from a gender perspective, exploring the mechanisms that allow women to succeed in highly marginalized indigenous communities. Key methodological aspects: This paper follows a case study methodology, inductive approach and qualitative methods mainly through 70 in-depth interviews. Summary of key results: Although the male-dominated culture slows down the democratic and political empowerment of women in the community, mechanisms such as job stability, low-interest microcredits and gender-equality policies in the organization have triggered economic empowerment. Key considerations/conclusions: The creation of empowering mechanisms within the social enterprise has allowed the Zapotec community to prosper and increase its general wellbeing. Women have been particularly benefited since the organization has given them the opportunity to work, empowering them to create micro-enterprises and changing the prevailing culture towards a more equalitarian society. Increasing control of their source of income has improved women's willingness to participate in political and managerial decision-making, inspiring more women in the community to work at the organization.

Análisis de la educación ciudadana en escuelas rurales del caribe colombiano. una etnografía de escuela

Esta ponencia comparte los resultados preliminares de una investigación centrada en interpretar y comprender los sentidos ético-políticos y pedagógicos de la educación ciudadana en tres instituciones educativas rurales del Caribe colombiano. Dentro del enfoque cualitativo, se desarrolla una etnografía de escuela en la que se combinan diversas técnicas de recolección de información, tales como la observación participante, la entrevista individual semi-estructurada, el grupo focal, la cartografía social y pedagógica, el grupo de discusión y la revisión de documentos institucionales. Los primeros hallazgos del estudio demuestran que: 1. El modelo de democracia liberal que ha alcanzado hegemonía en Occidente, presenta una profunda crisis en el medio rural. 2. Se requiere insistir desde la escuela en la formación de una ciudadanía rural participativa como mecanismo de empoderamiento de las comunidades campesinas en la intervención sobre lo público y resignificación del sistema democrático. 3. Las desigualdades de poder, evidentes en la administración totalitaria que ejercen los rectores y en las prácticas pedagógicas autoritarias que aún siguen desarrollando algunos profesores rurales, desestimulan la construcción de una cultura democrática escolar. 4. Los estudiantes campesinos presentan serias dificultades en el ejercicio de su autonomía moral y política, lo que les impide comportare como auténticos actores sociales y políticos.

Research translation through participatory research: The case of two community-based projects in low-income African settings

In the context of a call for public health research to address social challenges and transform communities and society, research translation has increasingly become an imperative in South Africa. Research translation seeks to improve real-world settings and enhance quality of life by applying research-generated knowledge. These goals are shared by proponents of participatory action research (PAR). However, the way in which research is pursued constitutes a major focus for PAR, where the paradigmatic position influences how we relate to knowledge and people, and whether and how we achieve the goals concerned. This article contrasts the meta-theoretical positioning of PAR with that of research translation as it is pursued within public health circles, and then argues how PAR both challenge and optimise the espoused goals of research translation through its accent on co-learning, knowledge co-construction, social action and the dialectic between research and action. We offer two African-centred examples of community-engaged research focusing on violence prevention, and safety and peace promotion to illustrate how the participatory mechanisms of empowerment and agency, knowledge co-construction and knowledge sharing foster research translation. Attention to power dynamics, exemplified through researcher reflexivity is emphasised as a key challenge for researchers wishing to address public health challenges.

Assessing Validity and Reliability of Social Media as An Empowerment Tool For A Group at Risk in Malaysia

This article discusses a study on empowerment of a group at risk via social media in Malaysia which focuses on five important dimensions namely economy, social and cultural, legal, political, and psychology. The group at risk focused in the study refers to women. The study employed a survey that uses a set of online questionnaire distributed to women who are actively using social media, particularly social networking sites. This study involves a sample of 1,307 respondents in an exploratory study, in which a 5-factor 24-item instrument to measure empowerment comprising of the five hypothesised dimensions were being developed. Results confirm factor structures of the empowerment model and suggest a more parsimonious instrument for each; a 5-factor 15-item scale for social media empowerment, as compared to the result of pilot study conducted. Goodness-of-fit indices for the model are presented. The result shows that the five dimensions are significant to the empowerment model of women in Malaysia. The findings can contribute greatly to a better understanding of the empowerment mechanism behind social media issues pertaining to women.