Crisis Management Mechanism Research Articles

Geopolitical “Entanglements” and the China-India-Pakistan Nuclear Trilemma

ABSTRACT The geopolitical situation in South Asia is witnessing entangled trends, which are reflected as chronic India-Pakistan confrontation, the frigid China-India relationship and the increasing US-China competition. China doesn’t want to be involved in the India-Pakistan confrontation, but it’s an undeniable fact that the China factor is shaping India-Pakistan interaction to some extent. Though the United States is an extra-regional power, it has a long history of being involved in regional affairs. Considering China, India and Pakistan all possess nuclear weapons, it’s extremely important to analyze the geopolitical trends and implications for the nuclear chain. This paper argues that the United States has been focusing on strategic competition against China, and the bilateral relationship will face fierce challenges before reaching new balance. The China-India relationship is becoming competitive and volatile, and the old framework of stabilizing bilateral relations is disintegrating. The conflicting ideology of nation-building, the extremely contradicted security perception, and the battle for geostrategic advantage in the region all contribute to India-Pakistan confrontation. Though nuclear weapons, functioning as a strategic deterrence tool, will curtail concerning parties from large-scale war, and China strongly advocates for a common and cooperative security concept, the geopolitical entanglement will have serious impact on the regional nuclear situation. This paper also gives recommendations for managing this interaction. All concerned parties should strive to overcome the security dilemma and maintain peace and stability in this region by strengthening confidence-building measures, conducting nuclear issue dialogues and improving crisis management mechanisms.

ANTI-CRISIS MARKETING AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE TOURIST BUSINESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The purpose of the paper is to set of organizational and economic relations that arise during the development and implementation of the mechanism of anti-crisis marketing, under the influence of external factors such as pandemic and war. Methodology. The survey is based on the use of methods and principles of system, logical management, statistical, program and target methods. The statement and proof of working hypotheses were carried out on the basis of methods of classification, balloon-index estimations, expert methods. Results. Analytical work on the analysis of trends in the development of tourism business in the context of European integration is completed. The most probable changes in the trends of 2022, awaiting the tourism industry, are given. Emphasis is placed on the development of domestic tourism for countries with favorable natural conditions and appropriate infrastructure. To assess the situation of the tourism business, a survey was conducted using the developed questionnaire in Google forms. It has been revealed that the system of anti-crisis marketing has properties that determine the features of the management mechanism: flexibility and adaptability, ability to diversification and timely situation response, the ability to effectively use the innovative potential of the enterprise; its identification and development of appropriate anti-crisis measures. It is proved that the tourism sector should change its priority, be flexible and adaptable. Today, the emphasis of tour operators in 2022 should be on domestic tourism: recreational tourism; relaxation tours that help restore health; tourist trips with the direction of art, pottery, etc. The analysis of the market and the influence of factors on the activity of the enterprises of tourism business have been conducted. Tourism companies can apply different directions in the anti-crisis programs that will help the enterprise to overcome the crisis: borrowing from the experience of countries of the world; diversity and quality of services; staff motivation: to create a common system of remuneration of personnel depending on the result of activity of the hospitality industry; support of the country. Practical implications. A program of anti-crisis actions has been proposed, which will become an important component of future development and not a decline. Value/originality. Introduction of the mechanism of crisis management at the enterprise of tourism business, using marketing tools.

The reality of activating Crisis Management in distance education from the point of view of school principals on the primary stage schools of the Sahab Brigade Directorate: واقع تفعيل إدارة الأزمات في التعليم عن بعد من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس بالمرحلة الأساسية لمديرية لواء سحاب

The study aimed to identify the reality of applying the thought of crisis management from the point of view of school principals on the primary stage schools of the Sahab Brigade Directorate, and in order to achieve the study target the descriptive analytical method was used by applying a questionnaire consisting of 30 items on a sample of 32 principals of primary stage schools. The study concluded that there is a medium degree of application of crisis management thought in the distance education process from the point of view of principals of primary stage schools with an average of (2.46 out 5), beside that the obstacles and difficulties of crisis management from the point of view of principals of primary stage schools comes with a medium degree with an average of (2.76), and the importance of applying the crisis management thought in distance education from the point of view of principals of primary stage schools comes with a medium degree (2.46). So, the researcher recommended making an electronic scale developed to measure the level of application of crisis management mechanisms and procedures and encourage them, and conducting remote training courses for leaders and work teams in educational institutions for training in crisis management and preparing unified guides that are circulated to help in Implementing crisis management strategies and procedures in educational institutions and continuing to implement continuous opinion polls on the obstacles and difficulties facing crisis management in order to work on overcoming them.

Reflecting on China's crisis management and market exit mechanism for insurers – Based on or independent of the general bankruptcy system?

AbstractDue to the special nature of their business, insurers are under prudential regulation, subject to a series of statutory and regulatory requirements. From time to time, there are crises where insurers fall below the requirements they should conform to. In order to address these crises effectively and efficiently, it is important to have a well‐designed crisis management and market exit mechanism for insurers (the CMME mechanism). However, the CMME mechanism has not been well‐formed in China. The current mechanism is comprised of the regulatory intervention system and the bankruptcy system, but there is a lack of consideration of the special features of insurers. As a consequence, it would not be feasible or efficient to apply many of the arrangements therein when crises of insurers occur. Since many incompatible arrangements are basic elements inherent in the general bankruptcy system, this article argues that it would be more desirable to have a CMME mechanism which is independent of the general bankruptcy system. To achieve this, a radical overhaul is needed to detach the CMME mechanism from the general bankruptcy system. In this way, the whole CMME mechanism can be specifically designed to accommodate the special features of insurers, without containing any elements in the bankruptcy system which are arguably not fit for insurers.

Organizational and Financial Mechanism of Anti-Crisis Management of Business Entities

The article proposes to consider crisis management of the entity on the basis of a systematic approach according to which the entity through a specific organizational and financial mechanism to diagnose and monitor crisis phenomena and threats, ensuring the efficiency and growth of the value of the entity taking into account risk-based approach. It is substantiated that the anti-crisis management should implement the strategic target «the costs of overcoming the crisis should be less than the costs of rehabilitation and liquidation of the business entity». It is proved that anti-crisis management as a continuous management process at the enterprise is preventive, anticipatory, reactive and rehabilitation. It is proposed to consider the organizational and financial mechanism of crisis management as a set of methods, tools, forms and levers for preventive and reactive measures of crisis management on the basis of subject-object relations, through which a certain goal is achieved — ensuring, restoring efficiency and increasing value of the business entity. Subjects and objects of anti-crisis management are specified. The subjects include the management of the enterprise depending on the forms of ownership and the state of corporate governance. The object of management is defined as potential, real and acute crisis phenomena. Crisis management methods are specified in the framework of tactical and strategic. Crisis management tools include: reduction of general administrative expenses, optimization of organizational structure, restructuring of enterprise assets, re-profiling, liquidation of receivables, SWOT-analysis, PEST-analysis. It is noted that the implementation of organizational and financial mechanism of crisis management of economic entities should provide crisis prediction and identification of potential risks, threats and dangers, assessment of financial and economic condition of the enterprise, its value, development of anti-crisis measures by mobilizing internal sources, implementation of financial measures, rehabilitation and reorganization, liquidation of the enterprise, controlling, monitoring and evaluation of anti-crisis management.

War with China: Five Scenarios

The US military rightly focuses on a Taiwan-invasion scenario for force planning, but to understand the odds of Sino-American war a range of scenarios must be examined. Consideration of five scenarios suggests that none of the wars that China might intentionally start are very attractive from Beijing’s perspective, providing the United States and its allies with time to strengthen deterrence. The greatest risk of a Sino-American conflict in the near term is inadvertent or accidental escalation caused by misperception or miscalculation. As the United States takes steps to bolster deterrence and reduce the risks of deliberate war, it must simultaneously put in place crisis-management mechanisms to prevent inadvertent or accidental escalation.

Інформаційне забезпечення пожежної безпеки в аспекті Соціального управління єдиною державною системою цивільного захисту

The topic’s urgency is due to the need to improve the mechanisms of information security of fire safety in terms of management of a unified state system of civil protection, the need to give priority to the processes of informatization of management in ensuring civil protection of Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine recognizes man, his life and health, honour and dignity, inviolability and security as the highest social value. The establishment and protection of human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the state. In view of this, one of the priorities of state policy is to protect the population from fires and ensure appropriate fire safety measures. Information activities are considered as a necessary component of the organization of public administration in the field of civil protection and the work of management and specialists, the implementation of tasks directly related to the regulation of security processes. The focus on the issues of information support of civil protection, in particular fire safety, is determined by the fact that in modern conditions the need to strengthen the effectiveness of state control measures in this area is of particular importance. The main approaches to solving the problems of improving the management of the unified state system of civil protection, its information and legal support are outlined. It is emphasized that the regulation of the social sphere is one of the main functions of the state. In the social sphere of the state, civil protection has such functions as political and legal. Emphasis is placed on the use of positive experience of European countries, which have implemented preventive measures based on a risk-oriented approach that is directly related to information security of fire safety. The need to improve the information and legal support of the processes of implementation of strategic objectives of protection of national interests of Ukraine in the field of civil protection is taken into account. It is emphasized that in modern conditions the implementation of an effective information policy during emergencies of man-made, social and natural nature is of particular importance. It is recognized that it is impossible to ignore threats in the field of national security of Ukraine, the need to monitor emergencies, which due to the causes and scale of spread are not limited to the borders of one state. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of information response of Ukraine to emergencies of this scale, as well as the fact that the mechanism of crisis response and management should be supported by various institutional and procedural mechanisms within unified information system, Crisis Platform, which may be activated during threats, and provide an immediate response to them. Fire safety information is related to the problem of timely response to threats arising from crises (civil and military) outside it.

АНТИКРИЗОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article examines the theoretical-methodological and practical principles of crisis management of the enterprise in the conditions of war. It is emphasized that in the scientific literature, insufficient attention is paid to the issue of ensuring the functioning and overcoming crisis phenomena in the activities of enterprises in difficult economic and military conditions. The concept of war is considered and the main features of war are defined. It is noted that during the war, institutions, phenomena, systems and mechanisms change and adapt to wartime, and the mechanism of crisis management of the enterprise is no exception. The differences between a traditional crisis and a wartime crisis at the enterprise are determined. The crisis in an enterprise caused by war is not the traditional crisis that enterprises often face, because is long and "chronic". The main elements of the crisis management mechanism of the enterprise, which acquire the peculiarities of their functioning during the war period, are considered. In particular, the purpose, main tasks, principles, diagnostics, strategies, methods and measures of crisis management in conditions of war are indicated. First, the company must establish a permanent monitoring of its activities, which includes diagnostics of the main financial and economic indicators of the company. The importance of tactical methods of the crisis management mechanism of the enterprise, which are aimed at the rapid improvement of the financial and economic indicators of the enterprise and are effective in conditions of high uncertainty, is emphasized. The following methods are considered: downsizing, outsourcing, regularization, benchmarking, modernization, diversification, merger and reengineering. Four phases of the operation of the enterprise during the war are defined: shock (the beginning of the war), adaptation to the war, functioning during the war, and the post-war period. Each phase has its own characteristics of the application of crisis management. It is indicated how the effectiveness of the crisis management of the enterprise during the war is evaluated.

Formation of an anti-crisis management mechanism at small businesses in the new economic conditions

The article considers the content of the mechanism of crisis management at small businesses in the context of globalization, external economic and other sanctions, instability of the external and internal environment of enterprises, high competition and marketing technologies focused primarily on the consumer of products and services. In order to maintain stability and financial stability, small businesses should form and implement an effective anti-crisis management mechanism aimed at: preventing the occurrence of crisis situations; full recovery of financial resources in case of financial difficulties; effective elimination of negative consequences of crisis situations and ensuring and improving its financial stability by creating a system of its adaptation to negative factors of the external and internal environment.

Croatian Tourism Sector and Crisis Management

Tourism is an extremely important economic sector for the Republic of Croatia and an important component of certain economic and social activities, such as transport and business of travel agencies, trade, catering, agriculture, and numerous service activities. Many Croatian citizens are directly, indirectly, or partially employed in the said sectors. Many depend on it – from individuals, through various business entities and tourist destinations, to the state itself which generates almost 20 percent of the annual state budget revenue from tourism. Given the multilevel and multifunctional importance of tourism, it is important to research how it is organized for emergencies that can cause significant disruptions in the operation and revenue generation. The goal of this paper is to analyze how and how successfully the tourism sector coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting crisis, what crisis management mechanisms were developed and how they were used during 2020.

From ‘shelving sovereignty’ to ‘regularized patrol’?: prospect theory and Sino–Japanese islands dispute (2012–14)

Abstract The article draws on prospect theory to explain the variation of China’s risk propensity during the 2012–14 Diaoyu/Senkaku islands disputes with Japan. China’s initial reference point 1.0 regarding the disputed islands was the ‘shelving agreement’ ‘shelving the sovereignty dispute and a tacit acceptance of Japan’s de facto exclusive control. So after Japan’s ‘nationalization’ of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands, China was clearly in a domain of losses. China was thus highly risk-acceptant by intensifying maritime and air patrolling, engaging in provocative behaviors, and suspending crisis management mechanisms. Meanwhile, China’s reference point evolved. Discourse analysis of Chinese official statements and media coverage indicated that regularized patrolling or joint control became China’s reference point 2.0. As it started to act from a domain of gains, Chinese behaviors turned risk-averse by scaling back patrolling and resuming negotiations over crisis management mechanisms.

Research on Crisis Management in Universities in the New Media Era

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to improve the crisis management system of universities, establish a crisis management mechanism, and further maintain and strengthen the harmony and stability of universities. Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on the perspective of new media, this paper analyses the new characteristics and laws of current crises based on case studies and crisis management theories, examines the current environment faced by universities, and improves the crisis management system of universities. Findings - This paper studies the research on crisis management in universities in the new media era. Research Implications - To establish a crisis management mechanism in colleges and universities, further maintain and strengthen the harmony and stability of colleges and universities, and ensure the smooth operation of all work in colleges and universities.

Crisis Management: Innovative Financial and Accounting Technologies

Under crisis conditions, the behavioural model for business entities is determined by the effectiveness of crisis management which requires the use of innovative financial and accounting technologies, as well as changes that occur within the overall management system of the company. In the course of the current research the mechanism of crisis management of business activity and its elements is proposed and the system of procedural support for the crisis management process is determined. The compliance of accounting and financial instruments and technologies with the functions of crisis management of the company is presented. The paper analyses the importance of organizational changes in the process of crisis management. This allows optimizing the processes of information support for the decision-making process and improving the quality of crisis management of a company.

THE INFLUENCE OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT ON HARMONIZATION OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF PARTICIPANTS OF CREATION, MANUFACTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONFECTIONERY

The article highlights the features of the current crisis of Ukrainian confectionery companies. It is noted that in the local confectionery market among domestic and private entrepreneurs there is strong internal competition. It is substantiated that the high probability of occurrence and development of the crisis in the process of activity necessitates the implementation of specialized anti-crisis management of these enterprises. The functions of anti-crisis management are determined and their essence is revealed. The basic tools of diagnostics are offered. Special attention is paid to controlling and monitoring as elements of system of anti-crisis management. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the formation of the crisis management mechanism and its construction using the system of analysis of hazards and critical control points of HACCP and quality indicators of confectionery at critical control points (CTC) is substantiated. It is proved that such an approach will ensure the harmonization of the interests of participants in the creation, manufacture and sale of confectionery products.

Strengthening crisis management, the most urgent task in current China–US and China–Japan security relations

With profound changes in the international situation, China’s security relations with the US and Japan are at a critical moment. These relations have bearing on peace, stability, and development in the Asia–Pacific region. At present, China–US and China–Japan security relations face very high and high security risks, respectively. Enhancing crisis management has become the most important strategic task in both sets of relations. With poor crisis management, security frictions may lead to a military crisis or even open conflict. This would push China–US relations towards inescapable confrontation or even a cold war and cost China–Japan relations another opportunity for improvement, possibly driving the two countries into tense relations. In contrast, effective crisis management will give China and the US a running-in and mutual adaptation period and allow China–Japan relations to continue moving forward. To strengthen crisis management, China, the US, and Japan must raise their crisis management awareness, develop crisis management mechanisms, and strive to resume and strengthen bilateral defense and security dialogues.

NATO: Building A Security Community in the Face of Covid-19 Pandemic

Purpose: NATO has been built upon political, economic, and military issues. Over the years, due to the intensive development of medicine, public debate has marginalised public health threats as aspect of international security. Our goal was to find out whether the transatlantic security community will rise to the challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach: This article attempts to answer the above question through theoretical analysis of the functioning of NATO as a security community as well as through the analysis of actions taken by the Alliance to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: The hypothesis we were able to confirm is, that the current pandemic is a chance for the Alliance – it can play a greater role in the community than it has done so far. Practical Implications: Our research shows gaps in NATO's crisis management system and the areas that need to be improved. Originality/value: We see our paper as an innovative one, because no one has researched NATO's crisis management mechanisms on the example of a specific, non-military crisis.

CONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL COMPONENTS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

The article highlights the main aspects and objectives of crisis management, which involves the use of specific management, financial and organizational methods and tools to maintain the appropriate level of economic security of domestic construction companies in the digitalization of the economy. Under these conditions, the creation of such a decision support system, which would allow timely identification of the state of the managed system, even with limited information and indirect signs of increasing crisis trends, as well as to create a basis for predicting possible consequences. These tasks are solved in the process of diagnosing the financial condition of the enterprise as part of crisis management. The crisis management system has properties that determine the features of the management mechanism: flexibility and adaptability, the ability to diversify and timely situational response, as well as the ability to effectively use the potential of the enterprise and informal management methods. These features of the mechanism of crisis management are provided by solving diagnostic tasks, which include timely recognition of symptoms, factors and causes of the crisis, classification of the latter, expert assessment of crisis measures and prospects for the development of the object of management. Diagnosis of financial condition is a multifactorial system of support for management decisions, based on a fundamentally new antisipative concept of management. Such a system is designed to provide comprehensive identification, analysis, elimination and forecasting of enterprise problems in order to ensure the adoption of advanced management decisions aimed at achieving its strategic and tactical goals.

АНТИКРИЗОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІКИ МІНІМАЛЬНОГО КОНТАКТУ

The crisis events and processes that resulted from the COVID-2019 pandemic are one of the most important problems for today's economy. The article is not limited to classical concepts, but contains many new and modern, in particular, the paper attempts to form a mechanism of crisis management of the enterprise in a new phenomenon and concept – low touch economy. The object of the article is the process of impact of crisis phenomena on the financial and economic condition of the enterprise. The subject of the article is the mechanism of crisis management of the enterprise in the economy of minimal contact, as an effective way to overcome financial and economic problems. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations and effective measures to prevent and overcome the main consequences of crisis phenomena and processes. In the process of performing research the following general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis, synthesis, comparison, system approach, factor analysis. An element of the scientific novelty of the work is the formation of the mechanism of crisis management of the enterprise in the economy of minimal contact and the development of a modified DuPont model on the impact of a number of factors on sales profitability. Objectives of the study: explore the essence of the low touch economy; analyze the impact of the pandemic on the economy of Ukraine; identify the main trends in the impact of crisis phenomena in the economy; choose an industry that needs urgent attention and influence; to study the industry and its enterprises and identify crisis phenomena; to investigate crisis phenomena and to consider the anti-crisis mechanism for their overcoming; to offer a set of basic anti-crisis measures to overcome the main problems of the industry and its enterprises and the consequences of working in extreme conditions. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the proposal to implement a number of recommendations and measures for effective overcoming and future prevention of anti-crisis processes and the consequences of their impact on the economy.

PRINCIPLED APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF ANTI-CRISIS PROGRAM OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES

The methodological and practical recommendations for the formation and implementations of an effective anti-crisis development program at the enterprise in the market conditions are substantiated. For this purpose the author's version of the structure of the anti-crisis development program at the enterprise in separate sections is recommended. The stages of the formation mechanism of crisis management at the enterprise in the conditions of economic crisis that allowed systematizing actions of separate subjects of anti-crisis process are considered. The content of the principal version of the anti-crisis development program at the enterprise for the perspective period is disclosed. As a result of the research, the separate tasks facing the employees are proposed, the actions and measures necessary for their implementation are singled out, the responsible persons, the terms of the program implementation and the necessary amount of financial resources are determined.

OBJECT FIELD OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT THE BANK

The main reason for the increased attention of banking supervisors and domestic banks to crisis management is the constant growth in the level of external and internal threats of crisis phenomena and the significant scale of losses for the banking system and the country's economy in case of their realization. In order to increase the efficiency of mechanisms of bank crisis management, it is necessary to formalize the object field, for which anti-crisis tools will be developed in the future. This is due to the fact that crisis management should be aimed at adapting its objects to any changes in both the internal environment and the external system, an element of which is a bank, as changes in them can act as triggers of crisis phenomena. The article aims to develop theoretical and methodological principles of bank crisis management based on the formalization of its object field. The author conducted a systematic, logical, and comparative analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature to achieve this goal. Such methods and techniques of the theory of knowledge as analysis and synthesis, the establishment of cause-and-effect relations of processes and phenomena development were also used. In the article, the expediency of applying the business-model concept for the formalization of object field of bank crisis management is proved. The author systematizes the composition of the objective field with fundamental division into financial and operational components. The operational business model determines the internal and external relations that give the bank access to key resources and transforms these resources into banking products and services of value to key customers through effective sales channels and the organisation of the relationship with them. The bank's financial business model includes key financial parameters (balance sheet, financial performance, and risk level). The results formed the scientific basis for improving the bank crisis management mechanisms and operationalizing anti-crisis tools. Further research will consist of developing the system of target parameters of operational and financial components of the business model. These target parameters will form an analytical basis for responding to crises, considering their stage, and making it possible to promptly activate the anti-crisis tools.