Ceramic materials underwent the impact erosion of abrasive particles were investigated in this research. A numerical model was developed to simulate the impact particle and aluminum nitride target. The damage and failure behavior of impacted region of material was described by adopting a rate-dependent constitutive model. The dynamic response of material subjected to impact was investigated through analyzing the mechanism of crack formation and the evolution of stress field. The results indicated that fracture damage is characterized by median and lateral cracks induced by tensile stress. Moreover, the fraction of energy consumed in friction and scratching is higher under oblique impact condition, which resulting in slighter fracture failure.