Mechanical Properties Of Particleboard Research Articles

Effect of Acetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride Ratio to Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard

In general, particleboard has a weakness in terms of low dimensional stability. This study aims to analyse the effect of immersing wood shavings in a mixture of acetic acid (AAc) and acetic anhydride (AAn) solution at several ratios to properties of particleboard. Wood shavings were immersed in an AAc/AAn solutions for 24 hours with a concentration of AAc 3% and AAn 2% with a mixture ratio of AAc / AAn consisting of 100/0, 80/20, 70/30. The boards made with a thickness and density target of 10 mm and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The pressing was carried out at 130°C, pressure 30 kg/cm2 and the time was 10 minutes. Testing of board properties refers to the JIS A 5908 (2003). The results show that acetylation treatment on wood shavings reduces the thickness swelling value. It was an indication that there had been an improvement in dimensional stability. An increase in the proportion of AAn resulted in a decrease of thickness swelling, water absorption, and moisture content of particleboards. On the internal bond, increasing the AAn proportion in the AAc/AAn solution further decreases the value of an internal bond, however overall internal bond value of board in this research meets the standard.

Valorization of wood shavings waste for the production of wood particulate composites

The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards using particles from wood shaving at three urea-formaldehyde adhesive contents: 6, 9 and 12% (dry mass basis). The particleboards were produced with nominal density of 0.70 g.cm-3, pressing cycle with temperature of 160 °C, pressure of 3.92 MPa and time of 8 minutes. The properties of water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), both after 2 and 24 hours, apparent density, compression ratio, perpendicular traction, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending, Janka hardness and screw withdrawal resistance were evaluated. The results of the tests indicated that with the increase of the adhesive content from 6 to 12%, there was no significant statistical difference for the average values of apparent density and compression ratio, being 0.621 g.cm-3 and 1.234, respectively, and the WA and the TS are decreased after 2 and 24 hours. There was a gain of 93% for the MOR property and 64% for the MOE property with the increase of the adhesive content. For perpendicular traction, the highest mean value was 0.67 MPa, referring to the panels with 12% of adhesive. For Janka hardness, the treatments with contents of 9 and 12% of adhesive presented the highest average values being of 21.60 and 25.26 MPa, respectively. In general, the use of wood shavings is feasible for the production of particleboards with a 12% adhesive content. Keywords: Mechanical resistance; Dimensional stability; Particleboards.

SIFAT FISIK-MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH FINIR BERDASARKAN WAKTU KEMPA DAN KONSENTRASI UREA FORMALDEHIDA

This study aims to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle board from veneer waste based on the press time and concentration of urea formaldehyde, as well as to determine the best pressing time and adhesive concentration, so as to produce physical and mechanical properties that meet JIS A 5908: 2003 standards. The method used in this research were a factorial experiment in random design complete (RAL) with two factors are factor A (pressing time) consists of 7 minutes and 9 minutes, and factor B (urea formaldehyde concentration) consists of concentrations of 12%, 14% and 16%. The particle board size is 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 0,8g/cm3 and pressed at 165°C with a pressure of 30 kg/cm2. The results showed that density values 0,7640 gr/cm³, water content 8,4509%, water absorption 40,4108%, thickness development 9,9308%, MOE 19.290,5877 kg/cm², MOR 370,5011 kg/cm², IB 2,9925 kg/cm², the screw holding strength 146,7145 kg. In general, all test values meet the JIS A 5908: 2003 standards except thickness swelling and MOE. The best particle board is a particle board made of with a pressing time of 9 minutes with a concentration of urea formaldehyde of 16%.Keywords: pressing time, urea formaldehyde concentration, particle board, veneer waste

High-performance binderless particleboard from the inner part of oil palm trunk by addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

The inner part (i.e., two-thirds of the diameter) of oil palm trunk (OPT) generally becomes waste because of its insufficient properties (e.g., low strength, low durability). Herein we attempted to use the inner part of OPT as a raw material of binderless particleboard in order to change this waste into an environmentally friendly value-added product. In this study, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was used as an additive, and the effect of ADP additions on the properties of particleboard manufacturing using the inner part of OPT was investigated. The ADP additions were varied from 0 to 40 wt%. First, thermal analyses were conducted to clarify the effect of ADP addition on the thermal properties of the OPT, and it was observed that the thermal properties of the OPT were significantly lowered with the increase in ADP additions. Based on these results, particleboards with a target density of 0.8 g/cm3 were manufactured under the pressing condition of 180 °C for 10 min. The physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards were improved with the addition of ADP until 10 wt%. The water resistance was also significantly improved. It was suggested that part of the water-soluble components of OPT particles would change to water-insoluble components by the addition of ADP. Our findings demonstrate that the addition of ADP was effective for improving the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using the inner part of OPT.

Estimating modulus of elasticity (MOE) of particleboards using artificial neural networks to reduce quality measurements and costs

There are a large number of costs that enterprises need to bear in order to produce the same product at the same quality for a more affordable price. For this reason, enterprises have to minimize their expenses through a couple of measures in order to offer the same product for a lower price by minimizing these costs. Today, quality control and measurements constitute one of the major cost items of enterprises. In this study, the modulus of elasticity values of particleboards were estimated by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and other mechanical properties of particleboards in order to reduce the measurement costs in particleboard enterprises. In addition to that, the future values of modulus of elasticity were also estimated using the same variables with the purpose of monitoring the state of the process. For this purpose, data regarding the mechanical properties of the boards were randomly collected from the enterprise for three months. The sample size (n) was: 6 and the number of samples (m): 65 and a total of 65 average measurement values were obtained for each mechanical property. As a result of the implementation, the low Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) performance measures of the model clearly showed that some quality characteristics could easily be estimated by the enterprises without having to make any measurements by ANN.

The effect of mat layers moisture content on some properties of particleboard

In this study, the effect of mat moisture content on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard was investigated. The experimental boards were produced by using 40 % softwood, 45 % hardwood chips, and 15 % sawdust. The formaldehyde resin/adhesive was used in three-layers (bottom-top layer 12 %, core layer 8 %). Multi-opening press was used during manufacturing the experimental particleboards. The physical and mechanical properties of boards obtained were identified according to the TS-EN standards. The optimum core layer moisture content was determined as 6 % and 7 % according to the results, whereas the moisture content of bottom and top layers was 14 %. Under these moisture content conditions, the bending strength was found to be 13.3 N/mm², the modulus of elasticity in bending 2466 N/mm², and internal bonding strength 0.44 N/mm². The optimum bottom-top layer moisture content was determined to be between 13 % and 15 % and 6.5 % for the core layer.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KAYU MERANTI RAWA (Shorea balangeran) UNTUK PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL BERLAPIS ANYAMAN ROTAN (Utilizing Waste of Shorea balangeran Wood to Particle Board with Woven Rattan-Coated)

ABSTRACTMeranti (Shorea balangeran) is one of some species that grow well at peat swamp forest. Wood of meranti useful to furniture, kosen (window or door frame), board etc. Unfortunately, the waste of its wood processing is low valuable. Therefore, utilizing waste of meranti to particle board is the good idea. In order to strengthen the particle board, it could be coated by braided rattan. This research was aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of particle board that made from waste of meranti, using PVAc adhesive and coated by woven rattan. The research was conducted to campare particle board without woven rattan-coated (a1) and using woven rattan-coated (a2) with 20%, 30%, and 40% of adhesive level respectively. Research result show that using adhesive with level of 40% is better than 20% and 30% in the form of physical and mechanical properties and suitable with JIS 5908:2003 standard.Keywords : particle board, waste, physical and mechanical properties

KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI DAN KAYU SENGON DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

This research aimed to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content and know the treatment of the composition of raw materials and the best adhesive content and meet the standard JIS A 5908-2003. The research was conducted at Wood Workshop Laboratory, Wood Processing Laboratory Faculty of Forestry,Tanjungpura University and Laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara Pontianak. The adhesive used is Urea Formaldehyde with 52% Solid Content. Comparison of the composition of rice husks and sengon varies namely rice husk 50%: sengon 50%, rice husk 60%: sengon 40% and rice husk 70%: sengon 30% and variations in the levels of UF adhesives, namely 14% and 16%, with target density 0,7 gr/cm3. The particleboard was 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm Pressing at temperature 140oC for 8 minutes, with pressure of 25 kg/cm2. The research results of the study of density and moisture content meet the standards JIS A 5908-2003. The best particle values of rice husk and sengon with composition a ratio of rice husk 50%: sengon 50% , 16% adhesive content 16%, with density value of 0,7072 gr/cm3, moisture content 9,1949 %, thick development 12,3210 %, water absorption 68,8270 %, MOE 12110,7273 kg/cm2, MOR 161,0025 kg/cm2, firmness sticky 1,9320 kg/cm2, screw holding strength 62,3124 kg.Keywords : adhesive, composition, particle board, rice husk, sengon

Influence of apple wood waste from the annual care cut on the mechanical properties of particleboards

Influence of apple wood waste from the annual care cut on the mechanical properties of particleboards. As part of the work, the influence of the share of apple wood waste from the annual care cut on the mechanical properties of 3-layer particle boards was examined. Particleboards were prepared using two variants of the specific maximum pressing pressure of 1.5 MPa and 2.5 MPa and mass share of particles from apple wood waste at the level of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. The results of the tests show a decrease in the value of the modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity with the increase of the share of the additive in particleboard. In spite of the decrease of the value of the modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity, all produced particleboards with the application of specific pressing pressure at the level of 2.5 MPa, met the requirements for P2 type particle board included in the PN 312: 2011 standard.

A preliminary study on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from palm oil-treated rubberwood particles

Treatment with vegetable oils is well known in imparting better dimensional stability to wood and wood-based composites. Oven-dried rubberwood particles were immersed in palm oil for 2 h and soaked in boiling water for 30 min. The re-dried particles were used to fabricate particleboard using 12% urea formaldehyde resin as binding agent. The particleboard was hot-pressed at 180 °C for 4.5 min. Physical properties such as thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) were determined. Meanwhile, mechanical properties including bending and internal bonding strength (IB) were evaluated. The results revealed that, in comparison with untreated particleboard, the treated particleboard exhibited better TS and WA. However, lower bending and IB strength were recorded as the increased hydrophobicity of the oil-soaked particles influenced the binding performance of the particleboard adversely. Further study is needed in reducing the amount of oils retained in the particles to ensure better binding performance.

The Effect of Wood Sawdust Mesh Combination on Mechanical Behaviour of Particle Board

Particle boards are widely used as furniture materials in the world. The particle boards on the market have a disadvantage that is when this materials contact with water, the mechanical properties decrease significantly. Material engineering is carried out by changing the particle board composition and other factors. One of the factors that influence the quality of particle board is wood sawdust mesh. Filler mesh combinations are carried out to obtain the best quality particle board. The result of experiment refers to SNI 03-2105-2006 for some mechanical properties, such as density, thickness swelling, hardness, bending strength, and impact toughness. The compositions of particle board in this research are 15% fibre of oil palm, 50% wood sawdust, 15% resin epoxy and 20% polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Samples were carried out by cold press single punch method with pressure 30 bar. The result from this research known that the best mechanical properties of particle board on filler mesh combination M40-60-80, those are: density 0.95 g/cm3, thickness swelling 1.93%, hardness 29.30 N/mm2, bending strength 16.38 MPa, and impact toughness 3.38 kJ/m2. This value has exceeded the particle board on the market.

SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon sp) BERDASARKAN UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN PERBANDINGAN ASAM SITRAT-SUKROSA

The manufacture of particleboards from dregs of sago and natural adhesives of citric-sucrose acid has not been widely reported. The aim of this research to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard from dregs of sago based on particle size and the ratio of citric-sucrose. The dregs of sago used is 8-10 mesh and 20-40 mesh. Natural adhesive is used 20% of the dry weight dregs of sago. The ratio of citric acid-sucrose used varies 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0. The particleboard is made manually consisting of 3 layers (face, core, back) were manufactured in 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm, and the target of density was 0,7 g/cm3. The pressing at a temperature of 180oC for 15 minutes, and pressure of 20 kg/cm2. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested in accordance to standard JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8. The results showed particleboard that physical properties meets the standards is density, moisture content, and thickness development. The particleboard dregs of sago with ratio citric acid-sucrose 25/75 was able to provide the best results to meet the standards of JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8 for density values of 0,7532 g/cm3, moisture content of 8,6725%, thickness of development 8,0756%.Keywords: citric acid-sucrose , dregs of sago, particleboard, particle size

KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon spp) DENGAN PEREKAT ALAMI ASAM SITRAT: SIFAT FISIK, SIFAT MEKANIK, DAN KEAWETAN TERHADAP RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren

The study aimed to analyze the quality of particle boards from bark fiber of sago (Metroxylon spp) with citric acid as natural adhesives based on physical properties, mechanical properties, and durability from subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Particle boards are made with a size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The experimental factors used in the study included densities (0.7 gr/cm3 and 0.8 gr/cm3) and concentrations of citric acid adhesives (20% and 30%). The material then flow into hotpress with 1800C for 15 minutes and pressure at 25 kg/cm2. Testing of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards refers to the JIS A 5908-2003 standard and durability against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren was conducted based on SNI 01. 7207-2006. The results showed that the densities factor had a significant effect on density, thickness swelling, MOE, MOR, internal bond, screw holding strength, and weight loss of the particle board against termites. Meanwhile concentration of citric acid adhesive significantly affected the density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, MOR, internal bond, and screw holding strength. The interaction between the densities factor and concentration of citric acid has a significant effect on thickness swelling and density. The physical and mechanical properties of particle boards which fulfill the JIS A 5908 2003 standard were density, moisture content, MOR, and screw holding strength. The durability of particleboard againts termites has a very strong level. The average values of termites mortality were 94% ~ 100%. The average of wood weight loss values were 9.61%~ 18.51%. The particle board made with a density 0.8 gr/cm3 and concentration of citric acid adhesive 30% achieved the highest values on physical properties, mechanical properties and durability to the termites Coptotermes curvignathus. Keywords : citric acid, Coptotermes curvignathus, Metroxylon spp, particle board, sago

Physico-mechanical properties of particleboard made from seaweed adhesive and tapioca starch flour

Flour acted as filler was added into adhesive formulations in industry and it affects the performance of adhesive. Seaweed was chosen to act as adhesive as seaweed produces glue that can attach very strongly to the rocks despite the presence of contaminants. This study was conducted on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard by adding different percentages of tapioca starch flour (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% based on solid basis) into seaweed adhesive formulation. 100% urea formaldehyde was used as control in the production of particleboard. The particleboards were cut and tested based on JIS A5908. The moisture content was lowered from 11.00 to 8.45% when 25% tapioca starch flour rose to 75% when added into seaweed adhesive. Thickness swelling declined from 40.18 to 26.55% and water absorption from 192.25 to 96.21% when 75% tapioca starch flour was added. Hence, it improved the physical properties of particleboard. Meanwhile, the mixing of higher percentage of tapioca starch flour into seaweed adhesive contributed a higher value of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding. In a nutshell, mixing higher percentage of tapioca starch flour in seaweed adhesive improved the physical and mechanical properties of seaweed adhesive in particleboard.

Effect of Urea Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Nano-Clay on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboards Manufactured with Wood from Plantation Species

Effect of Urea Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Nano-Clay on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboards Manufactured with Wood from Plantation Species

Effect of Particle Length to the Quality Particleboard Made from Sorghum Bagasse

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of length size particle on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Sorghum bagasse was cut into 3, 5, and 7 cm length size. Furthermore, particles were dried until reached of4% moisture content. Amount of 10% urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin used for binding. Hot pressing process conducted in 130C temperature for 10 minutes and 30 kg cm -2 pressure. The results showed that thickness swelling (TS) and internal bond (IB) did not fulfill of requirement of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 (2003). According to all parameters, 3 cm length size of particle was resulting in the best properties.

The Effect of Size and Composition Variation of Cacao (Theobroma Cacao) Peels Powder with Bagasse Fillers to Physical And Mechanical Properties of Particle Board

Abstract: A research has been conducted about the effect of size and composition variation of cacao peels powder with bagasse fillers to physical and mechanical properties of particle board. The physical and mechanical properties tested are density, water absorption, compressive and flexural strength. Variations of cacao (Theobroma cacao) peels powder size used is 8, 10, 20 and 30 Mesh, while the variation of cacao peels powder and the bagasse composition used is (100: 0)%, (80: 20)% and (60:40)%. Testing of mechanical properties used a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The calculation result of physical properties of particle board got standard JIS A 5908-2003, but the mechanical properties did not get the standard of JIS A 5908-2003. Optimum value of density resulted at size 10 Mesh with the composition (100:0)%, (80:20)% for water absorption, and optimum value of the mechanical properties of the cacao peels powder resulted at size 20 Mesh with the composition of the material (60:40)%. Keywords: Particle board, cacao peels powder, physical properties, mechanical properties

Effect of Particle Pre-Treatment on Properties of Jatropha Fruit Hulls Particleboard

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and 0.70 g/cm3, respectively. Board pressed at 130°C for 10 minutes, and 25 kg/cm2 pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value (45.30 μg/termite/day) was attained by hot water treatment.

Properties of leaves particleboard for sheathing application

Manufacturing particleboard (PB) made of leaves was carried out to make non-structural building components, such as insulation, partition, wall, and sheathing. Raw materials used dry leaves originated from plantation (palm oil leaves) and forest plantation (magahony leaves). The adhesive used was interior type thermosetting commercial resins, namely 10% urea-formaldehyde (UF) based on oven dry leaves. Hardener used for UF resin was 1% and 3% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) 20% (w/w), respectively. Technically, the target density of PB was 0.8 g/cm3 with the dimension’s size of (250 x 250 x 10) mm3. The pressure, temperature, and time of pressing of the hot press were 25 kgf/cm2, 120C, and 10 minutes, respectively. After conditioning for one week, the PB then was evaluated their physical and mechanical properties according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 (2003). Results of this work showed: 1) Both types of PB (palm oil and mahagony leaves) were feasible to be produced for non-structural applications; 2) Addition of hardener enhanced the physical and mechanical properties of PB; 3) It was recommended to enhance the performance of the PB by manipulation of the raw materials and the design.

Effects of different nanoclay loadings on the physical and mechanical properties of Melia composita particle board

La présente étude a permis d’analyser les effets de l’ajout d’une charge de nanoparticules de Cloisite Na+ (nanoargile) dans une résine d’urée-formaldéhyde utilisée dans la fabrication de panneaux de particules. La Cloisite Na+ a été incorporée à 2 %, 4 % et 6 % de la masse sèche de résine. La densité, l’absorption d’eau (AE), le gonflement (G), les modules de rupture (MR) et d’élasticité (ME) et la résistance interne à l’arrachement (RI) ont été mesurés pour évaluer la performance des panneaux. Des améliorations significatives ont été constatées pour G, MR et ME avec de la Cloisite Na+ incor- porée dans la résine. Plus précisément, pour les échantillons au liant UF additionné de 6 % de nanoargile, les valeurs MR et ME augmentent respectivement de 34 % et de 65 % par rapport aux panneaux de référence.