Mechanical Properties Of Particleboard Research Articles

Some physical and mechanical properties of particle boards produced with hazelnut husk and astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) plant

In this study, under laboratory conditions, hazelnut husk and astragalus plant were mixed separately into black pine wood chips, and multi-purpose boards were produced from the obtained chips with urea formaldehyde glue. After the hazelnut husk and astragalus plant were dried and ground, they were added to the chip and glue mixture in certain proportions. Hazelnut husk mixture ratios were applied as 100 %; 0 %, 75 %; 25 %, 50 %; 50 %, 25 %; 75 %, 0 %; 100 % to black pine wood chip in the particle board mixture. These ratios were made in the same way for the astragalus plant. From these mixtures, chipboard blanks of 16 mm thickness and densities between 0,68 g/cm3 and 0,72 g/cm3 were produced. Density, moisture content, thickness increase, water intake, bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface were tested in physical and mechanical experiments. According to the results obtained, as the participation rate of hazelnut shells and astragalus increased, the durability properties of the panels decreased. At the same time, it shows that the technological properties of the panels produced by adding up to 25 % astragalus plant and hazelnut shells to the mixture comply with the standards.

Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards manufactured from rice husk

The effect of rice husk ratios on some physical and mechanical properties of particleboard was investigated. To meet this objective, particleboards with different proportions of wood, rice husk, urea-formaldehyde glue, and other chemicals were produced. The density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, and screw withdrawal resistance of the particleboards were determined. Experimental results indicated that using rice husk in particleboard production improved the dimensional properties of the particleboards. Also, it was found that mechanical properties decreased as the amount of rice husk increased in particleboard production. This is thought to be due to the fact that silica, which is one of the main components of rice husk, weakens the bonding between lignocellulosic raw materials and glue used in particleboard production.

STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICLEBOARD FROMDURIAN PEEL USING A COMPRESSION MOLDING PROCESS

This research is the process study of producing particleboard from durian peel using the compression molding process. These studies are the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard from durian peel. The results found that the flexural test and the tensile test of furniture material sheets from durian peels at a ratio of durian pulp to glue water were 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, and 1:1.5, respectively. A specimen with dimensions of width 50 x length 200 x thickness 10 millimeters was tested with a machine. The universal testing machine of six samples in each ratio. It shows that the mechanical strength values increased when the ratio of water mixed with glue increased. The durian pulp has a better adhesion. This results are in a higher density as the ratio increases and at the ratio of 1:1.5, it has the highest strength and an average flexural strength of 5.74 MPa but it has not yet passed the criteria set by TISI 876-2004 with a flexural strength of not less than 14 MPa for plywood sheets with a thickness exceeding 6.0-13.0 millimeters. It has an average tensile strength value perpendicular to the surface of 0.49 MPa, which passes the criteria set by TISI standard, with the tensile strength value perpendicular to the surface not less MPa. than 0.40 for plywood with a thickness of more than 6.0-13.0 millimeters. For the testing of the burning rate of particleboard made from durian peels, it was found that the burning rate decreased when the ratio of water mixed with glue increased due to the increasing density of the workpiece at a ratio of 1:1.5 and it can stop the combustion by itself.

Use of scrap particleboard to produce recycled particleboard

Recycling is presently the most environmentally friendly approach that deals with wood waste. Each year a huge amount of particleboard completes its service life and needs to be disposed of or recycled. Scrap particleboard has the potential to be reused as raw material for particleboard production. A crucial step for producing particleboards using scrap particleboards is to break down urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins in the scrap particleboards to obtain separated particles. In this study, liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment was employed to decompose the UF resins to detach and recover wood particles from the scrap particleboards. The recovered wood particles and fresh industrial wood particles in different proportions were used as the raw material for the particleboard. The physical and mechanical properties of the recycled particleboards were evaluated. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond (IB) of the recycled particleboards were lower than those of the particleboards made with fresh wood particles. However, the 2 h thickness swelling (TS) of the recycled particleboards was better than that of the fresh particleboards, indicating that the recycled particleboards were more dimensionally stable. The mechanical properties of the particleboards containing up to 40% recycled wood particles met the minimum Chinese National Standard requirements for general-purpose particleboards. Conclusively, scrap wood particleboards could be utilized as raw material in particleboard production.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard from Petung Bamboo-waste using Eco-friendly Chitosan-starch Adhesive

The effect of starch addition in chitosan adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of petung bamboo particleboard from bamboo-sawing waste was investigated in this work. The utilization of bamboo-sawing waste particles as a raw material for particle board manufacturing has been gaining attention due to its waste reduction potential and economic advantages. The results of this study indicated that starch has been proven to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of petung bamboo particleboard. Adding only 4% wt. of chitosan/starch adhesive with a chitosan/starch ratio of 7/3 (w/w) has resulted in an improvement in the physical properties of the particleboard, such as moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. It has also enhanced the mechanical properties of the particle board, including modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding (IB), in comparison to chitosan adhesive without starch addition. Overall, these findings provide insights for further developing chitosan/starch adhesive, especially to produce natural-based adhesives with good bonding quality.

Influence of Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties of Single-Layer Particleboards

While most of the influences on the mechanical properties of particleboard appear to have been investigated, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of particle size or particle dimensions due to the absence of a suitable particle measuring technique. The introduction of laser-based 3D scanning technology makes it possible to automatically determine the dimensions, surface area, and volume of particles. In this study, the influence of particle size on the mechanical properties of particleboards was investigated. To isolate potentially overlapping influences, single-layer particleboards with a uniform density profile were produced and analyzed. The amount of adhesive specific to the surface of the (fine) face layer particles and (coarse) core layer particles was adjusted utilizing 3D scanning of the surface areas to ensure comparability despite changes in particle size. It was found that with increasing particle size, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) increase, while the internal bond strength (IB) decreases. It is considered whether these effects result from a particle-size-dependent orientation of the particles in the board. Furthermore, it is shown that all the aforementioned properties increase with increasing surface-specific adhesive amounts. Examples are provided to demonstrate how such fundamental relationships can be utilized to enhance the particleboard production process.

Development of a Binderless Particleboard from Brown Seaweed Sargassum spp.

Since 2010, huge quantities of Sargassum spp. algae have been proliferating in the Atlantic Ocean and stranding on Caribbean beaches, causing major economic, environmental, and health problems. In this study, an innovative high-density binderless particleboard was developed using uniaxial thermo-compression coupled with a cooling system. The raw material consisted of ground Sargassum seaweeds pre-treated by twin-screw extrusion with water to remove sea salt. The raw material and the particleboards were produced by using various analytical techniques such as Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), or Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The experimental conditions for thermo-compression (temperature, pressure, time) were evaluated. The best thermo-compression conditions tested were 200 °C, 40 MPa pressure for 7.5 min. This resulted in a particleboard with high density (up to 1.63 ± 0.02 g/cm3) and high flexural strength/modulus (up to 32.3 ± 1.8 MPa/6.8 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively), but a low water contact angle of 38.9° ± 3.5°. Thermal analyses revealed the effect of alginates on the mechanical properties of particleboards. This work opens the door to a new way of adding value to Sargassum seaweed, using the whole algae with minimal pre-treatment.

Development and investigation on physical and mechanical properties of mahogany sawdust particleboards made with tannic powder of Indian tamarind (Pithecellobium Dulce Benth)

The recycling of forest residues was investigated in the present study. It arms to determine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards from mahogany sawdust bonded by pearls bone glue or tannic powder of peel of Indian tamarind (Pithecellobium Dulce). The influence of the size of particles on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards is studied. Five different granulometries (raw sawdust; 2.5 < g £ 5; 1.6 < g £ 2.5 and 0.8 < g £ 1.6, and g £ 0.8) were investigated. The rate of the adhesives used were 5; 6.5; 7; 7.5; 8; 10, 12.5 and 15 percent. Physically, the density, thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) were evaluated. Mechanically, the modulus of elasticity (MOE), the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of Young E, the tensile modulus of rupture (MOT) and the internal bond (IB) were determined. The results obtained showed that the granulometry has a great influence on the physical as well as the mechanical properties of the Mahogany sawdust particleboards. The pressing temperature is 160 °C. The threshold fixed by the American standard ANSI A208.1-2016 for the MOE and the MOR are widely reached. The values of the density classified the particleboards from sawdust of Mahogany wood in the categories of low and mean density. The thickness swelling and water absorption has not respectful to the American standard ANSI A208.1–2016 [1]. So, the manufactured boards can only be used in dry conditions.

Variation Of Bamboo and Adhesive Types on Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Particle Board

Bamboo can be used as a material in the manufacture of particleboard. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various types of bamboo and their adhesion on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. The study used a factorial completely randomized design with three repetitions. Particleboard made using cold pressing made of bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus asper Schult.), bamboo apus (Gigantochloa apus Kurz), bamboo ori (Bambusa arundinacea Retz), and Urea Formaldehyde and Polyvinyl Acetate adhesives. The particle size used was through eight meshes with an adhesive concentration of 20% and a target board density of 1 gram/cm³. Board testing using SNI 03-2105-2006, correlation analysis, and regression to see the relationship between variables. The resulting particleboard has a density between 0.5 – 0.69 gram/cm³, air content between 12.7% - 15.2%, thickness expansion between 2.2% - 17.55%, MOE 1.963 - 4.898 kg/ cm², MOR 4.89 – 9.36 kg/cm². The type of bamboo has no significant effect on density, moisture content, MOE, and MOR of particleboard. The type of adhesive has a significant effect on the density, MOE, and MOR of the particleboard. The interaction between the type of bamboo and the type of adhesive has a significant effect on the thickness development of the particleboard.

Selected physical and mechanical properties of particleboards with variable shares of nettle Urtica dioica L. lignocellulosic particles

Selected physical and mechanical properties of particleboards with variable shares of nettle Urtica dioica L. lignocellulosic particles. The aim of the research was to confirm the possibility of using woody particles of either young or adult nettle Urtica dioica stems as alternative raw materials in the production of particleboards. As part of the work, particleboards made out of nettle Urtica dioica particles were produced in laboratory conditions and selected physical and mechanical properties of the obtained boards were tested. The results show, that it is possible to manufacture particleboards for the furniture industry using particles of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) meeting the requirements for P2 boards according to EN 312 as long as nettle particle mass content does not exceed 50%.

Enhancement Quality of Particleboard from Oil Palm Trunk and Mahogany Sawdust with Layering of Talang Bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladumc)

Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) is a natural fiber used as an alternative material in wood-derived products such as particleboard. The OPT has low characteristics when using complete trunk, it is expected that its application would be a solution to reduce this plantation waste. In this investigation, the raw material of OPT particles was mixed with Mahogany, and Talang bamboo lamina to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard. This study aims to evaluate the addition of particleboard with various layerings of Talang Bamboo. The particleboard has three layers, with Talang bamboo (bamboo outer and inner part) on the face and back layers. There are six types of particleboard made: control, bamboo inner layering, bamboo outer layering, two bamboo inner layerings, two bamboo outer layerings, and a mixture of inner and outer bamboo layerings. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were testing according to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The results of the physical properties showed that the density was 0.56-0.70 g/cm3, moisture content was 3.03-4.22%, water absorption was 52.01-87.15%, and thickness swelling was 11.62-24.68%. The mechanical properties showed MOE values was 9975.76-84246.63 kg/cm2, MOR was 81.64-670.77 kg/cm2, and IB was 0.91-3.38 kg/cm2. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. According to this investigation's findings, Layering with the outer part of the Talang bamboo on the face and back of the particleboard is the best

Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk-based Particle Board

This study was conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Manufacture of particleboard utilizes raw materials of rice husk with epoxy resin. The composition variations of rice husk : Epoxy are, 82:18, 77:23, 72:28. The rice husk was soaked in 5% NaOH solution for 1.5 hours, then smoothed and filtered with a size of 20 mesh. After preparation, the rice husk and epoxy were mixed with their respective compositions. Then the hot forging process was carried out with a pressure of 25 kg/cm2 at a temperature of 140° C for 8 minutes. The results of density test was found from 0.703 - 0.712 g/cm3, the water absorption value from 7.12 % - 8.75% and the thickness expansion value from 11.5% - 19.4%. The compressive strength (MOR) values range from 56.105 -82.63 kgf/cm3 and the flexural strength (MOE) values range from 8695 kg/cm2 - 10470.49 kg/cm2.

Influence of Isocyanate Content and Hot-Pressing Temperatures on the Physical–Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Bonded with a Hybrid Urea–Formaldehyde/Isocyanate Adhesive

Particleboard (PB) is mainly produced using urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. However, the low hydrolytic stability of UF leads to poor water resistance by the PB. This research aimed to analyze the effect of hot-pressing temperatures and the addition of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in UF adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of PB. The first experiment focused on pressing temperature treatments including 130, 140, 150, and 160 °C. The particles were bonded using a combination of UF and MDI resin at a ratio of 70/30 (%w/w). Furthermore, the second experiment focused on UF/MDI ratio treatment, including 100/0, 85/15, 70/30, and 55/45 (%w/w), and the particles were pressed at 140°C. All of the single-layer particleboard in this research were produced in 250 × 250 mm, with a target thickness and density of 10 mm and 750 kg/m3, respectively. This research used 12% resin content based on oven-dry weight wood shaving. The pressing time and pressing pressure were determined to be 10 min and 2.5 N/mm2, respectively. Before the tests, the board was conditioned for 7 days. When studying the effect of treatment temperature, good physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) and mechanical properties (MOR and MOE) were obtained at 140 °C. However, no significant difference was observed in the UF/MDI ratio between 85/15 and 55/45 using the same temperature. The increase in the MDI adhesive ratio improves the MOE and MOR values. However, the internal bond was the contrary. This study suggests that a combination of UF/MDI at a ratio of 85/15 and hot-pressing temperature at 140 °C could produce a PB panel that meets a type 8 particleboard according to the JIS A5908-2003 standard and type P2 according to the EN 312-2010 standard.

Impact of Sugar Beet Pulp Share on Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboards

The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of sugar beet pulp (SBP) in particleboard production as a substitute for wood material. Two variants of board density, 650 kg/m3 and 550 kg/m3, containing 0%, 25% and 50% of SPB, were evaluated. During the study the following features were measured: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA). The results showed that boards containing up to 25% of SBP meet standards for boards for general-purpose used in dry conditions. Further increases in SBP content deteriorated some of the investigated properties of the boards.

Multi-objective optimization of particle gluing operating parameters in particleboard production based on improved machine learning algorithms

Particle gluing operating parameters in particleboard (PB) production have an important influence on the mechanical properties of PBs. This study developed a multi-objective optimization model based on support vector regression (SVR) optimized by the non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II (NSGA2) to realize the multi-objective accurate prediction of PB mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding (IB) strength) by adjusting particle gluing operating parameters. The NSGA2-SVR multi-objective prediction model was trained by 496 groups of experimental data of particle gluing operating parameters and PB mechanical properties. The prediction results of the NSGA2-SVR multi-objective prediction model were evaluated by 124 groups of experimental data and compared with the prediction results of the back propagation neural network (BPNN) model, general regression neural network (GRNN) model, and SVR model. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of the NSGA2-SVR model were 49.11%, 33.64%, and 24.20% lower than that of the BPNN model, GRNN model, and SVR model, respectively. The Theil’s inequality coefficients (TICs) of the NSGA2-SVR model were 40.93%, 27.39%, and 18.58% lower than that of the BPNN model, GRNN model, and SVR model, respectively. The results showed that the multi-objective prediction model based on NSGA2-SVR has a superior fitting and higher prediction accuracy for the prediction performance of particle gluing operating parameters, and the NSGA2-SVR model can be applied to the multi-objective synchronous prediction of particle gluing operating parameters in the PB production line.

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Teak Sawdust-Reinforced Composite Boards Affected by the Alkalization Process

The development of the teak wood processing industry is growing rapidly, especially in the Aceh area. Allows a lot of waste to be generated. This research was conducted by utilizing sawn wood waste into particle boards. To test the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using a matrix of teak waste and SHCP 2668 WNC resin with a ratio of 60: 40, and variations in treatment (NaOH) 2,5, 5, and 7,5% in immersion for 2 hours. Then the particleboard is compressed using a hot press machine at a temperature of 150˚C for 20 minutes, and a pressure of 50 kg/cm2. Then tested according to SNI 03-2105-2006 standards, namely density, thickness expansion, moisture content, elasticity, and modulus of fracture. The results of the particle board test on the physical and mechanical properties test, namely the density yielded the best value for the 5% (NaOH) treatment with a value of 0.854 gr/cm3, the best water content test with 2.5% (NaOH) treatment with a value of 4.563 %, viscous development with treatment (NaOH) 5% with a value of 7.573%, the best elasticity test on treatment (NaOH) 2.5% with a value of 2.470 kgf/cm2, and the best fracture modulus test on treatment (NaOH) 7.5% with a value of 48.611 kgf/cm2 declared to meet the standard requirements of SNI 03-2105-2006. With alkaline treatment, particleboard gives a relatively good value compared to no treatment.

Characteristics of Particleboard from Sorghum and Nypa Fruit Skin Fiber Bonded with Citric Acid-Sucrose Adhesive

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and nypa fruit skin fiber (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of eco-friendly particleboard (PB) using natural adhesives based on citric acid and sucrose. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of PB from sorghum and nypa fruit skin fiber using citric acid-sucrose adhesive and also to determine the optimum composition of raw materials and adhesives in the manufacture of PB. The PB panel was made by mixing raw materials and adhesives with variations in the composition of nypa fruit skin fiber:sorghum raw materials 100:0, 25:75, 50:50, and 0:100, and variations in the concentration of citrate-sucrose adhesive were 20% and 30%. The target dimensions and density of PB were 25 cm x 25 cm x 0.9 cm and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. The PB was hot-pressed for 10 min at 200oC with a pressure of 11 MPa. The physical and mechanical properties of PB were determined using the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908:2003 standard. The results showed that the PB has average values of moisture content of 11.94%, density of 0.79 g/cm3, water absorption of 52.96%, thickness swelling of 13.21%, modulus of elasticity of 1029.55 N/mm2, modulus of rupture of 6.46 N/mm2, internal bonding of 0.18 N/mm2, and screw holding power of 43.12 N. Variation of raw materials composition has a significant effect moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture. Applying 30% adhesive content significantly affected water absorption, thickness swelling, and screw holding power. Keywords: citric acid-sucrose, nypa fruit skin, particleboard, sorghum

The Improvement of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximussumatranus) Dung Particleboard Characteristics Using Bamboo Layering.

The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber content. Although the product still has inferior mechanical and physical characteristics, it can be improved by layering bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the mechanical and physical qualities of elephant dung particleboard by adding layers of bamboo. The particleboard constructed had three layers; namely, the face and back in the form of a bamboo layers, as well as the core, which was in the form of elephant dung. The elephant dung was evenly mixed with isocyanate adhesive using a spray gun, and the bamboo layers were coated with adhesive on one side of the surface. The sample was subjected to a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and 30 kg/cm2 pressure for 10 min. Generally, JIS A 5908-2003 is the specification used to test the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. During the experiment, the characteristics examined include density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bonding, which were enhanced by using layers of bamboo. The results showed that the physical properties of the particleboard with bamboo layers were a density of 0.62–0.69 g/cm3, a moisture content of 7.87–10.35%, water absorption of 38.27–68.58%, and a thickness swelling of 10.87–30.00%, which met the minimum standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The mechanical characteristics had values for the modulus of elasticity of 1952–7282 MPa, the modulus of rupture of 20.44–68.27 MPa, and the internal bonding of 0.16–0.38 MPa, which met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Based on these results, the particleboard with Belangke bamboo layers was the best in this study.

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard Made from the Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Dung and Wood Shaving.

Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) are the world’s largest living land mammals. The elephant’s digestive system can only absorb 40% of the nutrients in digested feed, and the remainder is excreted as dung. Elephant dung waste can be used as a particleboard material due to its high fiber content. The objectives of this study are: (i) to prepare elephant dung waste as raw material for particleboard, (ii) to improve elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties using wood shavings, and (iii) to study the influence of several parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. The particleboard dimensions and density were set at 20 cm × 20 cm × 1 cm and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. The mixture ratio of elephant dung and wood shavings was 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (% w/w). This mixture ratio of particles was sprayed with 7% isocyanate adhesive. The pressing at a pressure of 30 kg/cm2 for 5 min and 160 °C was used in this study. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested according to JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. The result shows that the addition of wood shaving improved the elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties. Except for moisture content and water absorption, the addition of wood shavings has a significant effect on elephant dung particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties. The best ratio of elephant dung and wood-shaving for this research is 50/50 and has fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard, except for thickness swelling.

Potential of Using Natural and Synthetic Binder in Wood Composites

The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard bonded with different cooking percentages of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii), with different percentages of starch and different percentages of adhesives, and wood plastic composite (WPC) from High-Density Polyethlene (HDPE) with Acacia mangium wood powder were determined in this study. Seaweed mixed with different percentages of sulfuric acid (30%, 50%, 70%) and Sodium Hydroxide (70%, 50%, 30%) were prepared as a binder for particleboard. For a starch-based binder, different percentages of starch (10%, 15%, 20%) were prepared, before producing particleboard with different amounts of binder (20%, 25%, 30%). As for WPC, wood powders were bonded with different percentages of HDPE content (70%, 80%, 90%). Results indicated that WPC at 90% HDPE shows the best performance in the water absorption (0.07%) and thickness swelling test (2.54%). Starch-based particleboard recorded the highest Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) value (1115.07 N/mm2 at 15% starch with 30% amount of binder), while WPC (90% HDPE) and starch-based particleboard (10% starch with 20% amount of binder) both recorded the highest Modulus of Rupture (MOR) at the same value, which is 7.84 N/mm2. Starch-based particleboard has a better internal bond, which is 0.05 N/mm2. However, seaweed-based particleboard has a higher density value, which is 0.6 g/cm3.