Cattle Meat Production Research Articles

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ М’ЯСА ТА М’ЯСНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

On the basis of the analytical research the peculiarities of the meat processing enterprises functioning of Ukraine were identified, quantitative and qualitative trends of the meat and meat products market in Ukraine were investigated, factors influencing its development prospects were determined. The article points out that cattle meat production in Ukraine has been declining annually and has been unprofitable for the last 20 years. At the same time, it is proved that the meat industry in Ukraine has significant reserves and great prospects for development, the successful implementation of which is possible only if the negative phenomena and processes in the agricultural sector are overcome. The paper investigates that over the past year, there has been some increase in meat production, with a marked decrease in beef, veal and pork meat production and an increase in poultry meat production. The main problems of the industry and the ways of overcoming them in the current economic conditions are outlined. The main leaders of producers of meat products in Ukraine are highlighted. The dynamics of the poultry population and the production of this type of meat are discussed. The structure of livestock farming by agricultural enterprises and private farms is considered. The dynamics of the structure of meat production in Ukraine by types compared to 2014 and 2018 is provided. The desired market capacity, which could meet the needs of Ukrainians in the rational consumption of meat products, is 3.432 billion tons, but the actual consumption reaches only 2.295 billion tons, which is 66.9 % of the rational indicator. Among the main effective ways of providing market capacity are: increasing the availability of goods by introducing individual assistance to low-income categories of the population; an increase in the consumption of products outside the home, which will necessitate an increase in real wages; elimination in the food markets of non-equivalent product exchange; development of a balanced range of products at meat processing enterprises. Keywords: meat processing companies, meat and meat products market, meat and meat products production, poultry meat, turkey meat.

State support for the production of cattle meat: the experience of countries with high levels of self-sufficiency

The relevance of this study is due to the decline in recent years observed in the production of beef and veal, which does not allow to fully ensure food security. The article deals with the use of mechanisms of state support for the development of cattle meat production, as one of the main food products. The purpose of this article is to identify the mechanisms of state support for the development of beef cattle breeding in the most successful countries, which food security index for cattle meat production did not fall below 70% over the period of 2012-2016. Their experience of state support allows for a timely stabilization of the market situation. The leading method for studying this problem is statistical analysis. The study was based on official data of international organizations and foreign organizations. Based on the self-sufficiency assessment, 11 countries were selected to consider the existing state support mechanisms. The results of the study allowed us to identify the main areas of subsidies: research, modernization, support for pedigree cattle breeding, as well as support for developing farmers. Application of the experience of state support for the development of beef cattle through indirect measures will contribute to the prospects for the development of production, both quantitative and qualitative. At the same time, indirect support does not depend on the specifics of ensuring the production of cattle meat, associated with climatic factors and technological development of the country, which allows the application of measures in practice regardless of them.

Environmental and Economic Effectiveness of Resource-Saving Technologies in Cattle Meat Production

Current situation in agriculture leads to significant environmental pollution, in particular, in cattle breeding. The storage of manure significantly worsens the sanitary and epidemiological situation. In this connection, the article proposes the use of biogas plants for cattle breeding as an environmentally safe direction for the manure utilization with high economic efficiency. Particular attention is paid to the criterion of investment efficiency after use of a biogas plant, taking into account prevented environmental damage from manure storage. The economic justification of schemes for manure utilization using both a biogas plant and without it is being carried out.

Reproducible ability and meat productivity of cattle of the men-anjou breed in the steppe zone of Ukraine

Reproducible ability and meat productivity of cattle of the men-anjou breed in the steppe zone of Ukraine

CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINIAN GREY CATTLE BY DNA-MARKERS

CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINIAN GREY CATTLE BY DNA-MARKERS

ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЫ ГЕНОВ СОМАТОТРОПИНОВОГО КАСКАДА, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЕ С МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬЮ КОРОВ КАЗАХСКОЙ БЕЛОГОЛОВОЙ ПОРОДЫ

The aim of the research was to establish the genotype asssociation of the polymorphisms bPit-1-HinfI, bGH-AluI and bGHR-SspI with the beef productivity of Kazakh white-headed cattle. The material of the studies was the blood of farm animals. Blood samples and boning data were provided by LP «Zhanabek» and LP «Karaman-K», Kostanay region. The animal genotypes were determined by polymerase chain re-action-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical processing of the results of genotyping and zoo-technical data was carried out using the programs Statistica 6.0 and Microsoft Excel. Evaluation of geno-types with meat productivity was carried out according to the live weight index, and indices characterizing the physique of animals were also analyzed. The results of the studies showed that the genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA of the pituitary transcription factor-1 gene was positively associated with the stretch sign at the age of 24 months. Thus, the index of the stretch index in cows with the genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA is 132.768 (126.667; 137.500), while this indicator for cows with genotypes bPit-1-HinFIAB and bPit-1-HinFIBB is 127.966 (120.833; 137.705 ) and 119.643 (117.544; 124.074) The polymorphism bIGF-1-SnaBI is associ-ated with the sign of live weight at the age of 12, 18, 24 months (the highest value is the genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIAB and bIGF-1-SnaBIAA, the smallest is the genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB). Thus, the genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA can be recommended as a genetic marker for the increased meat productivity of cattle of Kazakh white-headed breed. The genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB is a marker of reduced meat productivity of cattle. Working with polymorphism bIGF-1-SnaBI, as with a genetic marker, should not be based on selection on a preferred genotype, but on elimination of the negative genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB

ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ГЕНОВ СОМАТОТРОПИНОВОГО КАСКАДА, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ С МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬЮ У КОРОВ КАЗАХСКОЙ БЕЛОГОЛОВОЙ ПОРОДЫ

The purpose of research – finding the gene associations of growth stages, the characteristics of meat productivity of cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed and identification of the genotypes that are most promising for the development of genetic markers for economically valuable traits. The blood of the Kazakh white-headed cattle was used as the material of the study. Blood samples and data of zootechnical accounting has been provided by LLP Janibek and LLP Karaman-K, Kostanay region. Determination of animal genotypes by genes of pituitary transcription factor-1 (bPit-1), growth hormone (bGH), growth hormone receptor (bGHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (bIGF-1) was performed by PCR-pdrf using endonuclease restriction HinFI, AluI, SspI and SnaBI, respectively. Statistical analysis of genotyping results and zootechnical data was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 6.0 programs. The estimation of meat productivity of cattle was carried out on live weight and indexes characterizing a Constitution. The greatest value of the elongation index was observed in animals with genotypes bPit-1-Hinfiav and bPit-1-Hinfiaa. Thus, the index of stretching in cows with genotype bPit-1-HinFIAB is 129.464 (125.000, 132.787), with genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA - 127.966 (125.000, 132.787), while the rate in cows with genotype bPit-1-HinFIBB is 124.167 (111.864,131.026). Polymorphism bIGF-1-SnaBI is associated with the indicator of live weight of the Kazakh white-headed cattle. Thus, animals with the genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB at all ages are characterized by reduced living weight compared to animals with genotypes bIGF-1-SnaBIAB and bIGF-1-SnaBIAA. However, the results of the evaluation of the identified preferred and undesirable genotypes in relation to the total sample showed the absence of statistically significant associations with meat productivity.

Технологічна оцінка якості м’яса залежно від фізіологічного стану

Впродовж багатьох років в Україні надається велика увага збільшенню виробництва яловичини та покращення її якості завдяки розвитку спеціалізованого м’ясного скотарства. М’ясна продуктивність великої рогатої худоби формується під впливом широкого комплексу морфологічних, біологічних, фізіологічних особливостей, які залежать від породи, генотипу тварин, умов середовища, типу вищої нервової діяльності, повноцінності раціону та оцінюється за такими показниками як: витрати корму на одиницю приросту; маса тіла, абсолютний та відносний прирости; забійний вихід; якість м’яса. Тому дослідження біохімічних процесів у бугайців на відгодівлі поліської м’ясної породи залежно від типів вищої нервової діяльності та вплив згодовування кормової добавки «Мікроліповіт» на основні показники метаболізму та м’ясну продуктивність є надзвичайно важливими. Після припинення життя тварин склад і властивості тканин, насамперед м’язової, істотно змінюються. Внаслідок припинення надходження кисню і призупинення процесів синтезу дезорганізовується обмін речовин і енергії у тканинах. Специфічні автолітичні перетворення протікають у м’язовій тканині відповідно до особливостей метаболізму, концентрації та локалізації ферментів. У основі автолітичних перетворень м’яса лежать зміни вуглеводної системи, системи ресинтезу АТФ і стану міофібрилярних білків, що входять до системи скорочення. Зміни м’яса, зумовлені автолітичними процесами, трапляються у технології м’яса за найрізноманітніших способів його оброблення, під час охолодження та зберігання охолодженого м’яса, заморожування і холодильного зберігання, розморожування, засолювання подрібнення. Характер і глибина автолітичних змін м’яса впливають на його якість і харчову цінність.
 Аналіз якості харчових продуктів, виявлення потенційних ризиків, пов’язаних з їх забрудненням та псуванням, мають базуватися на науковій основі і нових методах дослідження. Тому, на даний час вивчення питання використання м’яса з ознаками PSE і DFDу технології емульгованих ковбасних виробів залишається актуальним. (PSE – pale, soft, exudative – бліде, м’яке, водянисте; DFD – dark, firm, dry – темне, тверде, сухе, DCB – dark cutting beef – темна на розрізі є актуальним. Проведення оцінки якості яловичини NOR, PSE і DFD є необхідним при виробництві якісних м’ясних продуктів та їх безпеки для здоров’я людей.

Role of Probiotics in Animal Nutrition

The anaerobic probiotic technology (ZAD) is a patented technique. The products are in two forms either liquid or powder. The powder products are coated so it can handle the pressure and the temperature of the extruders. They are fed as follows; 10 gm/head /day for large animals or 1 kg/ tone of fed (for ZADO). In case of Liquid (ZAD); it is fed 10 ml/head/day for large animals and 1.5 ml liter for poultry and rabbits. It decreases the aflatoxins less than 11% by inclusion rate of 7% of ZAD in 7 hours. They are helping the animals to cope with heat stress. Their ability to decrease the cholesterol and triglycerides are noticed by 21 and 19%, respectively. The birds and animal immunity is elevated too. Animal performances are improved in animals fed either form. Milk production increased in dairy cattle (1.5 kg/animal/day) and dairy buffaloes (1kg/head/day). The same trend was recorded for meat production in cattle, buffaloes, and sheep (220, 180 and 90 gm/head/day, respectively as an average daily gain). For poultry, it helped in decreasing the fattening period by 5 days. In fish, the final weight increased by 18%. For rabbits, it increased the milk production, decreased the mortality rate, increased the average daily gain, and improved all over physiological aspects of rabbits.

AN ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF FOOT- MOUTH DISEASE ON THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF BUFFALOES IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE

Animal production sector is considered one of the important sectors in the Egyptian agriculture as the value of livestock production in 2012/2013 reached about 93.4 billion pounds, the value of cattle meat production in 2012-2013 reached about 38.5 billion pounds, and the value of dairy amounted to about 25.2 million pounds, - The study aimed to identify the economic effects of FMD on buffalo in Gharbia Governorate by estimating both the volume and value of losses resulting from infect buffalo with FMD, through the lossing of milk, the treatment costs, and the cost of mortality. - The study showed that the impact of the most important social characteristics of breeders on Buffalo infected with foot-and-mouth disease in the study sample: There is an inverse relationship between the educational level, experienced breeder, knowledge of treatment methods and the number of animals infected, And the study showed the impact of bio-security variables on buffaloes infected with foot-and-mouth disease in the study sample, There is an inverse relationship between immunizion against the disease, isolation of the infected animal, changing the mattress and the number of animals infected. - The study showed that FMD impacts on the reproduction efficiency of infected and abortive animals. The reproductive efficiency of infected buffaloes is satisfactory (1.9 iseminations), but it is low in the abortive buffaloes (3.1inseminations). Also, the period between two labors in the infected buffaloes exceeds the normal one by 30 and 74 days respectively. Also, from measuring the numbers of artificial insemination, the reproduction efficiency of the infected buffaloes reached about 64.4%(after 1.5 inseminations), and 59.6%for the abortive buffaloes (after 1.7 pollinations). - For the non return culling: the reproduction efficiency of infected buffaloes decreased by 50%(the culling numbers is 1.5 but the normal one). The reproduction efficiency of abortive buffalo is less than its infected counterpart by 33.3%. -The total losses resulting from abortion in infected buffaloes in the study sample reached about 160.52 thousands pounds, and the percentage of abortion represent about 29.7% of the total number of infected pregnant buffaloes reaching about 330 heads in the sample. - As the study showed that the total value of losses resulting from infected buffaloes with foot-mouth disease reached about 511.36 thousand pounds, the study sample's shard of the value of losses in milk, the cost of treating of infected heads, the value of losses of infected animals mortility and the losses of increasingthe cost of insemination and delay in bregnancy reached about 137.02 , 74.31 , 160.32, 139.51 thousand pounds respectively, that equivalent 26.8 ٪ 14.5% , 31.4% ,27.3% of the total losses. -The study showed that the cost of producing milk kg in in Buffalo in three periods: before, during, after treatment at about 2,87, 7.04, 3.02 pounds respectively, and the revenue of producing milk kg of buffloe in three periods to reached about 1,62,-1,69, 1,19 pounds respectively, The return of investment pound in production milk cow in three periods about 2.13 , -3.54 , 1.48 pounds respectively, the rate economic efficiency in the production of cow's milk in three periods of reached about 0.739 , -0.503 , 0.489 pounds, respectively, the rate of economic efficiency in milk production of buffalo in three periods as 173.93٪ , 49.70٪, 148.91٪ respectively, the proportion of the profit margin for the producer in the production of milk buffalo in three periods to 42.51٪, -101.21٪, 32.85٪ respectively, - Milk production from Buffalo was more than economic efficiency in the first period (before the infection) and there is not economic efficiency in the second period (during infection), while there is an economic efficiency again after treatment.

Investigation of food meat value obtained from bull-calves of Polissya meat breed with different types of higher nervous activity

Meat productivity of cattle is formed by wide range of morphological, biological, physiological characteristics, which depend on the species, genotype of animals, environmental conditions, type of higher nervous activity, diet and usefulness is measured by such indicators as the cost of feed per unit increase; body weight, absolute and relative growth rates, carcass yield, meat quality. Therefore, the study of biochemical processes in fattening bull-calves of Polissya meat breed, depending on the type of higher nervous activity and the effect of feeding feed additive Mikrolipovit on the main indicators of metabolism and meat productivity is extremely important.The increase in the above parameters and urea indicates the enhancement of protein metabolism in calves, glucose, carbohydrate metabolism and total lipids resulting in increased meat productivity, improved slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics. Based on the data content and the ratio of essential nutrients, biological value of meat its technological properties must be concluded that the meat of calves of different types of higher nervous activity, characterized by optimum chemical composition and high usefulness protein that is fully consistent needs of consumers.Maximizing productivity of fattening bull-calves, compared to other research groups, found in animals such as inert strong equilibrium type of higher nervous activity (3rd group).

The body constitution type influence on charolais breeds cattle meat production and quality

The article presents data the most common body constitution types and their impact on meat production and quality on Charolais breed. Four body constitution types were researched in the breed: large, small, muscular and lightweight (commercial) type. For each type were selected in 15-16 uncastrated bulls, which were reared Control feeding station in identical feeding and storage conditions of up to 500 days age. Feeding control has been carried out from 210 days to 500 days of age. After the fattening from each group were slaughtered in 8 bulls. Investigated types of animals were marked differences in body measurement sizes. At the end research of large body constitution type bulls weighed 622.5 kg, small type 590.5 kg, muscular type 612.0 kg and of lightweight type 606.7 kg (P<0.05, P> 0.05). The animal of small type for 1 kg of weight gain consumed for 6.1 MJAE or 8.4 percent feed more than a large type animals. Other types of animal feed costs were only 1.2 to 1.7 percent higher than the large type animals. Carcass yield was the highest muscular type animals and was composed 59.8 percent, 58.9 percent of large type, 56.4 percent of lightweight (commercial) type and 54.2 percent was of small type animals (P<0.01 - > 0.05). Different types of body constitution animals were unequal of carcase hip thigh part mass and soft parts yield. The type of body constitution animal did not influence on the majority meat quality characteristics. The small type of animals meat was significantly hardness than of other types body constitution animals (P<0.05). It was concluded that for meat production purposeful to grow animals it's best to focus on the large and muscular body constitution types by increasing the number of such animal types.

Polymorphism of the GHR gene in cattle and relationships with meat production and quality

Growth hormone (GH) exerts its effects on growth and metabolism by interacting with a specific receptor (GHR) on the surface of the target cells. Therefore, GHR has been suggested as candidate gene for traits related to meat production in cattle. The aim of the study was to analyse the polymorphism at position 257 in exon 10 of the GHR gene and investigate relationships with 14 in vivo traits and four meat characteristics in Piemontese animals. The biallelic polymorphism already described was detected using a new PCR procedure. The statistical analysis did not show significant gene substitution effects on growth, size and meat conformation traits. As for meat characteristics, a significant gene substitution of GHR(A) over GHR(G) was observed for drip losses at day 3, with the allele GHR(A) associated with higher values. A significant dominance effect was also observed for this trait. Further investigations in other breeds will be useful for better understanding information on the effect of this GHR polymorphism.

Selection indices to improve the efficiency of lean meat production in cattle

ABSTRACTSelection indices to improve the efficiency of lean meat production in cattle were derived with an aggregate breeding value which comprised growth rate, food conversion efficiency, killing-out proportion and carcass lean proportion. Index measurements were growth rate, food conversion efficiency and ultrasonic fat area. Relative economic values of traits in the aggregate breeding value were calculated for an 18/20-month beef system, assuming a fixed national output of lean meat. Literature estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters were used. Two indices were derived, one with a complete restriction on genetic changes in birth weight, and the other without restriction. Correlations between the index and the aggregate breeding value were 0·53 for the restricted index, and 0·57 for the unrestricted index. The maximum proportional reduction in expected economic response, due to complete restriction of birth weight was about 0·08. Selection on either index would actually lead to a slight decrease in carcass lean proportion, but this was less than the decrease expected from selection solely on growth rate. Correlations between the indices and the aggregate breeding value (measuring the accuracy of selection) fell by only about 0·01 when ultrasonic measurements were omitted from the index, but fell by about 0·09 when food conversion efficiency was omitted. Sensitivity of the indices to changes in parameters was also examined. With proportional changes of ±0·5 in individual economic weights, or absolute changes of ±0·2 in genetic correlations or −0·2 in heritabilities, the efficiency of selection ranged from 0·93 to 1·00.

The effects of castration on meat production in cattle, sheep and pigs

1. The influence of castration on meat production has been studied in three experiments involving cattle, sheep and pigs. The results are presented to indicate the changes which might be expected in more extensive experiments, and give an indication of the parameters likely to be important.