Meat Exports Research Articles

Perspectives of meat production in EU countries

Meat products are an important element of the diet of most European consumers. The most common types of meat consumed in the European Union (EU) are beef and veal, pork, poultry (from which chicken and turkey are the most common), as well as young lamb. Moderate growth of meat production is forecast in the EU countries, which in 2030 will attain 47.5 million tons, that on 0.5% anymore by comparison to 2017 year. An increase will take place, above all things, due to the increase of volumes of poultry meat («plus» 4.6% by comparison to 2017), a small increase is expected on pork («plus» 0.4%). The production of beef will reduce on 7.4%. Basic pre-condition to the increase of production of meat in the EU countries of the expected increase of volumes of his export which will be stipulated world tendencies to growth demand on meat products. During the next 14 years EU plans to grow the volumes of meat export almost on 9% to 4.7 million tons, and it will remain net exporters. Thus, if both pork and poultry meat a general export will exceed an import substantially, balance on a beef is expected negative, and the volumes of its import to EU for indicated period will grow on 22%. In the EU, beef production continues to decrease slightly. The general decline was less than 1%, which is due to the conservation of animals in order to increase the size of the dairy herd, as a result of an increase in milk quotas. The EU has a high degree of self-sufficiency in relation to pork and therefore imports little. Import quotas are not used, because the import of some licensed countries does not meet veterinary standards. Thus, imports are effectively prohibited, although tariff quotas would be favorable. The EU does not interfere in the domestic pork market, nor does it play a leading role and export subsidies. The poultry meat is represented by a very diverse group of meat varieties from chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks to cesarocks. The production of chicken meat accounts for 70% of the total poultry production in the EU, while the production of turkey meat is 20%. The remaining 10% are distributed among other poultry in the EU. Internal consumption of meat in European Union by the populations beginning from 2018 year will have a tendency to the unimportant (within the limits of 1%) decrease. In 2030 an index of meat consumption per inhabitant in EU will be at high level and will make 85.3 kg per person in for slaughter weight. In the pattern of consumption in the nearest decades, as well as today, will championship be kept after pork (almost 48%), farther poultry meat (32%), beef (18%) and other kinds (2%). For the European experts forecast, during 2017–2030 price tendencies on the world and European markets of meat will look thus: on a beef – costs of EU-28 will decline on 1%; is a world price a decline on 19%; on the pork – costs of EU-28 a decline is on 5%; global price a decline on 4%; on a poultry meat are costs of EU-28 a decline is on 4% and global price will increase on 15%.

High survival rates of Campylobacter coli under different stress conditions suggest that more rigorous food control measures might be needed in Brazil

Campylobacter spp. have been the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen in many countries. Consumption of improperly prepared poultry meat has been the main transmission route of Campylobacter spp. Although Brazil is the largest exporter of poultry meat in the world, campylobacteriosis has been a neglected disease in the country. The aim of this study was to characterize 50 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from different sources in Brazil regarding the frequency of 16 virulence genes and their survival capability under five different stress conditions. All strains studied presented the cadF, flaA, and sodB genes that are considered essential for colonization. All strains grew at 4 °C and 37 °C after 24 h. High survival rates were observed when the strains were incubated in BHI with 7.5% NaCl and exposed to acid and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the pathogenic potential of the strains studied was reinforced by the presence of several important virulence genes and by the high growth and survival rates of the majority of those strains under different stress conditions. The results enabled a better understanding of strains circulating in Brazil and suggest that more rigorous control measures may be needed, given the importance of contaminated food as vehicles for Campylobacter coli.

THE DYN AMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD AND RUSSIAN HALAL FOOD MARKET

the article presents data on the dynamics of the global and Russian halal food market, both in general and its main segment - the meat market. The product segment of the halal market around the world at the beginning of 2017 is estimated at 1,2 billion dollars.The largest food markets of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation include: Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Egypt. the largest exporters of halal bovine meat, ovine meat and poultry are Brazil, India, Australia, USA, France. In 2016, Russian companies increased their exports and increased supplies of halal products to Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) and the Middle East (Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Russian companies offer halal goods and services targeted at a wide range of consumers. People are ready to pay a certain price premium for halal products.

Occurrence of Campylobacter in raw chicken and beef from retail outlets in São Paulo, Brazil

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Campylobacter in meat samples (120 chicken and 100 beef) and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 220 samples from retail outlets were purchased in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Campylobacter detection was performed according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method ISO‐10272‐1:2006. A PCR assay based on nucleotide sequence differences in the lpxA gene was used to distinguish between C. jejuni and C. coli. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by agar disc diffusion method. Campylobacter was isolated from 17 (7.7%) of 220 samples. Breast fillets exhibited the highest contamination rate (25%; 5/20), followed by wings (15%; 6/40), whole leg (15%; 3/20), drumstick (10%; 2/20), and drumette (5%; 1/20). All beef samples were negative for Campylobacter. The most prevalent species found was C. coli, followed by C. jejuni. The isolates were commonly resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Data obtained confirm the need of monitoring and control of Campylobacter in poultry production chain.Practical applicationsCampylobacter spp. cause foodborne illness in humans commonly through the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. Although Brazil is the world's largest poultry meat exporter, data regarding this pathogen are limited in our country. In the present study, chicken cuts purchased from retail stores in São Paulo may occasionally be contaminated with Campylobacter. This underline the importance of surveillance of foodborne pathogens in retail meats, and the data can contribute to risk analyses or control measures in the meat production chain.

Impact of introducing a herb pasture area into a New Zealand sheep and beef hill country farm system: a modeling analysis

New Zealand is well known for export of meat and dairy products from low cost pastoral systems. These farm systems are continually evolving for increased efficiency, in part through the use of metabolic energy modeling tools by farmers and farm consultants to explore alternative farm system configurations and identify new efficiencies. One recent innovation is the introduction of a herb pasture area, such as plantain. We used metabolic energy modeling to quantify seasonal feed flows in two successive years in a New Zealand hill country farm system, and to analyze the impact of the introduction of an area of plantain. Models employed were a self-built Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and a commercial New Zealand farm systems modeling package, FARMAX. Herbage production, animal performance and financial results for a base farm scenario created from the average of survey data for hill farms in the southern North Island, and the same farm with 10% and 20% of the area in plantain for the years 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 were modeled. The self-built model performed similarly to the commercial model. The system configuration of the base farm stockpiles surplus autumn feed for release to animals in winter and also incorporates flexibility that confers resilience to interannual weather variation through varying dates animals are purchased or sold. The introduction of an area of plantain was predicted to increase herbage production, animal performance and financial returns. The predicted benefit was higher for the year 2010–2011 where a drought occurred in summer than for the following year with higher summer rainfall. This demonstrates the profitability of introducing a plantain area to New Zealand hill farm systems, and suggests plantain will assist to mitigate adverse effects of warmer and drier summer conditions associated with current climate change trends.

ЭКСПОРТ МЯСА КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА В МИРЕ И РОССИИ

ЭКСПОРТ МЯСА КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА В МИРЕ И РОССИИ

Determinants Factors Affecting the Red Meat of Livestock Exports during the Period of (2004-2015), Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract : The study was carried out at Khartoum, Sudan during the period of (2018). The paper investigated the main reasons effect the recent trends of the Sudanese red meat export, as well as specifying the main importers of Sudanese during the period of (2004-2015). The paper used secondary data and relevant documents to the field of study. A set of research tools and methods including; the liner regression, descriptive analysis of the time series data. The study findings have shown that the livestock red meat trends experienced several changes throughout the examined period. The trends of livestock head showed improvements by (R² = 69). Regarding the production, domestic consumption and the total export are gradually decreased by the (R² = 0.379, R² = 0.522 and R² = 0.209) respectively. The exchange rate movements (USD) of (R² = 0.735) sharply increased and went up till (2015). Moreover, the Sudanese red meat main importers are Saudi Arabia, Jordon, Quarter, Emirates and Oman. Furthermore, exporting of the red meat is economically profitable and gains a hard currency. The paper recommend: On the production level; to improve the livestock feeding, improve genetic, provide technical and experienced personal. At the industries level; to monitor the livestock farming, slaughtering houses and the markets. At the export level; to establish a modern slaughtering house particularly, at Khartoum level and to stick on the quality control to fulfill the export requirements and improve competitiveness in foreign markets. To gains the exports revenues; is to export the livestock products in different form not as row material. Future and the research direction should focus on the livestock products both domestic and import to gains the economics and profitable in different form and crated the utilities and the value added by grading and standardization of the livestock products; weight, age, facts, cover including hoofs and fleece to the import countries.

Analysis of chicken production trends in Ukraine

Poultry farming is one of the most promising areas of production not only in Ukraine but also in the world. This is due to the high demand for protein products and increased consumption. Ukraine does not use enough of its export potential in the agrarian sector. It is precisely these circumstances lead to choosing as the basis for the research the mentioned direction of production by domestic producers.The tendencies of the Ukrainian poultry enterprises development and features of the chicken market are generalized, namely the volume of cultivation and sale on the slaughter of poultry by Ukrainian producers, the cost price and profitability of poultry meat production have been analyzed; the specific features of the products range are defined in all competitor companies and products offered for export. The competitiveness of domestic poultry production in comparison with domestic and foreign analogues has been investigated. For the study the following enterprises as the LLS “Ptahokompleks” Gubin, TM “Pan Kurchak”, slaughter-house “Piorkowscy” and JSC “Superdrop” were taken. It is established that domestic products are competitive both in terms of price and taste properties. The dynamics of export and import of poultry meat in Ukraine and abroad is analyzed. Significant growth of poultry meat export as compared to previous periods has been revealed, which is explained by obtaining permit documents and implementation of measures by domestic producers to bring poultry products closer to international standards. The prospects for the development of the investigated production direction are designed.

Institutional forces on Australian halal meat supply chain (AHMSC) operations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of institutional forces in shaping the operations of halal meat supply chain in Australia, one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of halal meat. This research examines how the halal meat production requirements are fulfilled and maintained throughout the supply chain in a non-Muslim-majority country.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a single-case study approach and uses semi-structured interviews as the primary method of data collection. It considers the perspectives of various stakeholder groups in the Australian halal meat supply chain (AHMSC). In all, 31 participants have participated in this research.FindingsThe findings show that institutional forces, especially which come through coercive forces, do affect and shape the overall operations of the AHMSC in particularly the way the stakeholders act within the supply chain, particularly in their role in ensuring the protection of halal status or halal integrity of the meat.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that the integrity of halal meat supply chain management operations in a non-Muslim-majority environment can be protected with heavy involvement from the relevant authorities, i.e. the federal government agency and the halal certifiers. With the implementation of specific halal meat production policy, i.e. Australian Government Authorised Halal Program, all parties dealing with the halal meat production for export purpose are obliged to fulfil the religious and food safety requirements, thus providing the necessary assurance for halal meat consumers, especially from the Muslim communities.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to provide insights of halal meat supply chain operations in a non-Muslim-majority environment. This paper also took in account various stakeholder groups that were involved directly with halal meat supply chain operations in Australia rather than focusing on a single stakeholder group which gives a better understanding of the whole supply chain operations.

Land-use change emissions from soybean feed embodied in Brazilian pork and poultry meat

Fodder for feeding pork and poultry requires a large amount of cultivated and processed agricultural crops, which are often related to greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change (LUC). Given the rapid growth in meat production in Brazil for domestic consumption and international export, the link between LUC emissions and consumption of pork and poultry meat is central to evaluating the role of Brazilian meat production and the implications for international climate policies. In this paper, we first estimate LUC emissions from soybean production destined to feed pork and poultry in Brazil during the period 2008–2012. Second, we allocate such emissions to domestic and international consumption of pork and poultry meat. Concerning international consumption, Brazilian export of meat to 189 countries is evaluated. Although the majority of the LUC emissions from soybean production are tied to the domestic consumption, 17% and 39% of the emissions embodied in Brazilian pork and poultry, respectively, are exported to other countries. The most prominent destinations of Brazilian pork and poultry in terms of embodied LUC emissions are Eastern Europe, Asia and South America. In the case of pork, the fluxes of emissions from Brazil to Ukraine (1.28 Mt CO2-eq) and Russia (1.18 Mt CO2-eq) are particularly large. In the case of poultry, the largest transfers of embodied emissions are from Brazil to developing countries and especially the Middle East. These results are relevant to environmental policies and international agreements aimed at achieving the sustainability of Brazil's meat sector.

Enteric methane emissions and their response to agro-ecological and livestock production systems dynamics in Zimbabwe

Without disregarding its role as one of the key sources of sustainable livelihoods in Zimbabwe and other developing countries, livestock production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation. For the livestock sector to complement global efforts to mitigate climate change, accurate estimations of GHG emissions are required. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation in Zimbabwe were quantified over 35years under four production systems and five agro-ecological regions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission factor methodology was used to derive CH4 emissions from seven livestock categories at national level. Emission intensities based on human population, domestic export of livestock meat and climate variables were used to assess emission drivers and predict future emission trends. Over the past 35years, enteric fermentation CH4 emissions from all livestock categories ranged between 158.3 and 204.3Ggyear−1. Communal lands, typified by indigenous livestock breeds, had the highest contribution of between 58% and 75% of the total annual emissions followed by livestock from large scale commercial (LSC) farms. The decreasing livestock population on LSC farms and consequent decline in production could explain the lack of a positive response of CH4 emissions to human population growth, and decreasing emissions per capita over time at −0.3kg CH4capita−1year−1. The emissions trend showed that even if Zimbabwe's national livestock population doubles in 2030 relative to the 2014 estimates, the country would still remain with similar magnitude of CH4 emission intensity as that of 1980. No significant correlations (P>0.05) were found between emissions and domestic export of beef and pork. Further research on enhanced characterisation of livestock species, population and production systems, as well as direct measurements and modelling of emissions from indigenous and exotic livestock breeds were recommended.

An empirical assessment of the impact of technical standards on the export of meat in Nigeria

An empirical assessment of the impact of technical standards on the export of meat in Nigeria

Twenty-five years of Russia’s post-Soviet agriculture: Geographical trends and contradictions

Structural and regional changes in Russian agriculture over the past 25 years are analyzed, and the main antagonistic trends in its development are identified. Regional differences in decreasing planted areas are considered, which nevertheless did not hinder increased crop production or its exports. Annual changes in the balances of production and consumption; grain, meat, and milk exports and imports; and regional shifts in the production of key products are analyzed. Herd dynamics of various cattle and poultry species and changes in the ratio of meat-to-milk production at agricultural enterprises, farms, and homesteads are considered. Analysis of production concentration in agroholdings has shown that it facilitates urban food supply, but intensifies the spatial polarization of agriculture. Changes in the production pattern in the aftermath of the crisis and modernization of agriculture are considered in comparison to decreasing employment, the low prestige of agricultural labor, and its underpayment. These have resulted in increased rural unemployment and expanded temporal labor migration (otkhodnichestvo) from country to cities. Temporal labor migration in several regions surrounding the Moscow agglomeration has led to the blockage of agricultural development. Graphs and maps are widely used.

Low occurrence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig tonsils at slaughter in Southern Brazil.

Yersinia enterocolitica is a foodborne pathogen and pigs are the main reservoir of it in their tonsils. As Brazil is a large producer and exporter of pork meat and information regarding this pathogen is still quite scarce, this study aimed at evaluating the direct detection of Y. enterocolitica followed by pathogenic Y. enterocolitica (PYE) determination in tonsils of slaughtered pigs. For this purpose, 400 pig tonsils were collected from 15 farms in four federally certified slaughterhouses in Southern Brazil. Initially, samples were screened using conventional PCR targeting of the 16sRNA gene, followed by multiplex PCR (mPCR) in order to detect three virulence genes (ail, yadA, and virF) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of the ail gene. One hundred and one (25.2%) of the samples tested positive for the 16sRNA gene. However, a PYE was detected in one out of the 101 Y. enterocolitica positive samples. The three virulence genes were determined by mPCR and confirmed by partial DNA sequencing. Thus, a significant occurrence of Y. enterocolitica was observed in pig tonsils from federally inspected slaughterhouses in Brazil, although the presence of pathogenic strains was quite low.

Competitiveness of Indian bovine meat exports -- constant market share analysis

The present study attempts to explain the export performance of Indian Bovine meat trade and its competitiveness in International market for the period of 20 years from 1996-2014. Performance was studied using growth of exports, market shares, export shares, and source of growth was analysed by using two stage CMS analysis to decompose the growth of Indian Bovine meat exports into broad components and its sub components. It was found that overall Indian bovine meat exports registered growth rate of 13.03%, 7.94% and 22.01% in terms of quantity, price and exports value respectively. The share of India in world Bovine meat exports fluctuated and remained less than 10% for most of the years. India's bovine meat exports increased rapidly to other countries with highest overall growth of 34% while the growth of major traditional importers remained at 6.56%. The results showed that while India's market share in other countries increased, share in importing countries decreased during the study period. The results of decomposition analysis revealed that competitive effect was more significant in explaining the growth of exports. CMS analysis revealed that Bovine meat exports were more competitive in new markets in contrast to major traditional export destinations and requires emphasis. Dual strategy of penetrating in to new markets while concentrating on existing markets by increasing competitiveness will make India as major player in the world Bovine meat trade.

Thermographic Evaluation of the Hands of Pig Slaughterhouse Workers Exposed to Cold Temperatures.

Brazil was rated the fourth leading producer and exporter of pork meat in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature of the hands of pig slaughterhouse workers and its relation to the thermal sensation of the hands and the use of a cutting tool. The study included 106 workers in a pig slaughterhouse. An infrared camera FlirThermaCAM E320 (Flir Systems, Wilsonville, OR, USA) was used to collect the images of the dorsal and palmar surfaces of both hands. A numerical scale was used to obtain the thermal sensation. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and Student’s t test or Wilcoxon were used (p ≤ 0.05). The majority of workers felt cold in the hands (66%) and workers who used the knife felt the coldest. There was an association between the thermal sensation and the use of knife (p = 0.001). Workers who used the tool showed correlation between the thermal sensation and the temperatures of the left fingers, with a difference between the temperatures of the right and left hands of those who used the knife (p ≤ 0.05). The hands (left) that manipulated the products presented the lowest temperatures. Findings indicate that employers of pig slaughterhouses should provide gloves with adequate thermal insulation to preserve the health of workers’ hands.

Efeitos da aflatoxina na produção avícola: Revisão

In recent years, Brazil has been a major player in poultry production and is currently the second largest meat exporter. However, despite this promising scenario there are still certain problems to be solved, to increasingly optimize the industry. As an example, we can mention the presence of mycotoxin-producing fungi in chicken diets, mainly due to the contamination of the raw material, but specifically the cereals. Mycotoxins are toxins produced by fungi and have their proliferation related to environmental conditions. Aflatoxins are the main mycotoxins that affect poultry farming, are produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, aflatoxin B1 being the most toxic. The effects of aflatoxins may vary according to the age, sex, feed composition, health status of the birds. Younger animals are the most susceptible to the effects of aflatoxins, causing health damage and zootechnical indexes.

Assessing the Extent and Impact of Illicit Financial Flows in the Wildlife and Tourism Economic Sectors in Southern Africa

This study on Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) in the Wildlife and Tourism sectors in Southern Africa emanated from the TrustAfrica (TA) and the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) project “Assessing the extent and impact of illicit financial flows in key economic sectors in Southern Africa”. The three components of the project are mining, agriculture and wildlife. IFFs are illicit movements from one country to another of money or products that are illegally acquired. The money typically originates from three sources in the private sector: commercial tax evasion, trade misinvoicing and abusive transfer pricing. However, other types of criminal activity can produce IFFs, which in this study include the trafficking of live animals and plants and their products and associated corruption (bribery and theft by corrupt government officials) through which the proceeds end up in another country. This wildlife trade and tourism IFF study is the first of its kind and the methodologies involved a combination of population modelling, estimated product offtakes and open source trade data. The trade research is limited to eight species groups – elephants, rhinos, lions, pangolins, crocodiles, abalone, sharks and rays, and cycads. The study concluded that for the period 2006-2014, Southern Africa lost almost US$ 1.5 billion in illicit transfers of funds or products overseas, or close to 50% of all wildlife commodity exports. Surprisingly, illegal exports of abalone meat made up almost half of this amount. The IFFs in the wildlife tourism sector were much larger, estimated at over US$ 22 billion in the ten years 2006-2015, and deriving mainly from tax evasion and trade misinvoicing, sometimes involving offshore shell companies. We predicted that more than US$3 billion could have been lost in 2016 in the eight countries covered in this study. The main causes of the huge losses to the economies of Southern Africa in wildlife trade were CITES trade bans and the fact that local communities were not empowered to manage what should rightfully be their resources on their land. Trade bans and disenfranchisement led communities to harvest illegally and to sell wildlife products to illegal exporters. The only way to mitigate these losses would be to do away with trade bans, bring most species into the legal sector, and establish supply and demand regulatory systems that would ensure conservation of the species while also satisfying legitimate stakeholder interests, primarily those of communities and enterprises that live in association with the wildlife and which share common habitats.

An Insight of Meat Industry in Pakistan with Special Reference to Halal Meat: A Comprehensive Review.

Livestock is considered central component in agricultural sector of Pakistan, provides employment to more than 8 million families. Meat and meat products holds pivotal significance in meeting dietary requirements serving as major protein source and provide essential vitamins and minerals. Globally, consumer demand is increasing for healthy, hygienic and safe meat and meat products due to growing population, income level and food choices. As, food choices are mainly influenced by region, religion and economic level. However, religion is one of the major factor to influence the food choices. In this context, halal foods a growing trend, trade estimated to cross USD $ 3 trillion and among this, meat sector contribute about US$ 600 billion. Halal meat and allied products is requirement from Muslims but it is also accepted by non-Muslims due to safe and hygienic nature, nutritious value and superior quality. Pakistan meat industry is vibrant and has seen rigorous developments during last decade as government also showed interest to boost livestock production and processing facilities to meet increasing local and global demand. The industry has potential to grow owing to its natural animal rearing capability, muslim majority country (96% of total population), improvisation of market and consumer preference towards halal meat. Current review debates Pakistan meat industry scenario, production trend, global trade as well as future potential with respect to modernization, processing, distribution and trade. The data presented here is useful for meat producers, processors and people involved in export of Pakistani meat and meat based products.

Food safety recall effects across meat products and regions

Food safety is one of the key issues for the international meat market. As a major meat exporter, few things facing the U.S. meat industry in recent years have garnered more attention than food safety events and policies. The impacts of Food Safety Inspection Services (FSIS) recalls on United States consumer meat demand are estimated using monthly grocery-scanner data identifying effects across products, geographic regions, and recall type. Results suggest beef E. coli recalls significantly reduce the demand for recalled ground beef contemporaneously among most, but not all, regions in the United States. Evidence of heterogeneity in demand impacts across regions and products is provided for the first time. Domestic and international implications for policy makers, industry leaders, and researchers are discussed.