Measured Research Articles

Mask Payment App System Based on Fine Dust Measurement

Mask Payment App System Based on Fine Dust Measurement

Estimation of Structural Parameters Using Transfer Matrices and State Vectors

A new system identification (SI) method based on Transfer Matrix (TM) concept is proposed here to identify structural stiffness. Transfer matrices based on lumped mass and the more accurate consistent mass models are used here, based on displacement measurements in the time domain. The consistent mass based TM is derived from the dynamic stiffness matrix of a beam element. The state vector at a location is the sum of the internal and external contributions of displacements, forces and moments at that point - when multiplied with the (TM), we obtain the adjacent state vectors. The method of identification proposed here involves predicting the displacements at certain locations using the TM, and comparing them with the measured displacements at those locations. The mean square deviations between the measured and predicted responses at all locations are minimized using an optimization algorithm, and the optimization variables are the unknown stiffness parameters in the TM. A non-classical heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) is used, since it is especially suited for global search. Different strategies for calculating the initial state vector, as well as two identification processes viz., simultaneous and successive methods, are discussed. Numerical simulations are carried out on four examples ranging from a simple spring mass system to a nine member framed structure. The speed and accuracy of identification using this method are good. One main advantage of this method is that it can be applied at any portion of the structure to identify the local parameters in that zone without the need to model the entire global structure.

KONFIGURASI SPASIAL RUMAH TRADISIONAL TEPAL DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN ASPEK SOSIO BUDAYA (OBJEK STUDI: DESA TEPAL, KECAMATAN BATULANTEH, KABUPATEN SUMBAWA, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT)

Abstrak- Rumah adalah sebuah konsekuensi fenomena budaya, dimana bentuk dan organisasinya sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan budaya tempatnya berada. Sosio-budaya sendiri merupakan hasil pikiran dan akal budi, yang ada untuk kehidupan bermasyarakat. Hasil dari proses berbudaya ini menghasilkan berbagai perwujudan, seperti kesenian, kepercayaan, hingga karya arsitektur.Desa Tepal di Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat, merupakan satu dari sedikit desa terpencil di Pulau Sumbawa yang masih mempertahankan tradisi dan adat istiadat yang diturunkan oleh para leluhurnya. Wujud fisik arsitekturalnya masih melekat dengan nilai-nilai dan tradisi yang berlaku. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada wujud fisik, sistem pengukuran, serta elemen lain pada rumah huniannya.Rumusan masalah yang menjadi landasan penelitian ini mencakup bagaimana aspek sosio budaya mempengaruhi konfigurasi spasial dan elemen pembentuk ruang Tepal. Tujuannya untuk menjelaskan kekuatan-kekuatan dalam kaitan aspek sosiobudaya yang mempengaruhi konfigurasi spasial dan elemen pembentuk ruang pada hunian.Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap wujud fisik hunian yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosiobudaya dari adat istiadat yang berlaku. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat aspek filosofis serta nilai-nilai seperti nilai kepercayaan, peran gender, usia, kebiasaan, dan ekonomi mempengaruhi penataan ruang pada bagian dalam, luar, serta elemen pembentuk rumah.

Dynamic Effect of Different Types of Trains on Crossing Main Line Using Field Measurement

Dynamic Effect of Different Types of Trains on Crossing Main Line Using Field Measurement

Tindak Pidana Pembakaran Hutan di Provinsi Riau Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam

AbstractThis research aims to explain the crime of forest burning in Riau Province from the perspective of Islamic law. The method used in this research is socio-legal research. Forests are both a gift and a mandate from God which is bestowed on the Indonesian people as one of the most valuable natural resources. Based on Article 50 paragraph (3) letter d Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, it is stated that everyone is prohibited from burning forests. In 2019 there were forest fires in Riau Province covering an area of 75,871 hectares. The implementation of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry in Riau Province hasn’t progressed as expected. Riau Provincial Government can take preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of forest fires by providing legal education to the community by cooperating with the police and religious figures who are popular in the community. Based on the Fatwa of the Council of Indonesian Ulama Number 30 of 2016 concerning the Law of Forest and Land Burning and Its Control, it is emphasized that carrying out forest burning which can cause damage, environmental pollution, loss of others, health problems, and other bad impacts is forbidden.Keywords: Forest; Criminal Act; Islamic Law AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tindak pidana pembakaran hutan di Provinsi Riau menurut perspektif hukum Islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum sosiologis. Hutan merupakan karunia sekaligus amanah dari Allah yang dianugerahkan kepada bangsa Indonesia sebagai salah satu kekayaan alam yang sangat berharga. Berdasarkan Pasal 50 ayat (3) huruf d Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan ditegaskan bahwa setiap orang dilarang membakar hutan. Pada tahun 2019 telah terjadi kebakaran hutan di Provinsi Riau seluas 75.871 Ha. Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan di Provinsi Riau belum berjalan sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Pemerintah Provinsi Riau dapat melakukan upaya pencegahan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kebakaran hutan dengan memberikan penyuluhan hukum kepada masyarakat dengan menggandeng pihak kepolisian maupun tokoh-tokoh agama yang populer di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Berdasarkan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 2016 tentang Hukum Pembakaran Hutan dan Lahan serta Pengendaliannya ditegaskan bahwa melakukan pembakaran hutan yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan, pencemaran lingkungan, kerugian orang lain, gangguan kesehatan, dan dampak buruk lainnya hukumnya adalah haram.Kata kunci: Hutan; Tindak Pidana; Hukum Islam

A services operations performance measurement framework for multimodal logistics gateways in emerging megaregions

Gateways in emerging megaregions have the existing transport infrastructure tο support modal shift and deliver sustainable development. To address these issues, there is a need for more efficient t...

The Role of Helicobacter pylori Proinflammatory Outer Membrane Protein and Propolis in Immunomodulation on U937 Macrophage Cell Model

Background: Regarding the important role of proinflammatory outer membrane protein (OipA) in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection and immunomodulatory activity of propolis, we aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity effect of a purified recombinant OipA protein and propolis in the induction of two cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), in a macrophage cell model. Materials and Methods: The recombinant protein used in the present study corresponding to the oipA expressing a 34-35 kDa protein. OipA protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified OipA protein (2.5- 40 μg /mL) and the propolis ethanolic extract (5-40 μg/mL) were incubated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human myelomonocytic cell line U937 cells. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were measured after 48 hours of incubation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The amounts of IL-4 and IFN-γ were significantly increased. The optimum concentration of OipA for the secretion of IL-4 was 5 μg/ml (P<0.0001). At higher concentrations, the amount of IL-4 diminished until suppression at 40 μg/mL. The optimum concentration of propolis, resulting in the most significant increased secretion of both IL-4 and IFN-γ was 40 μg/mL (P=0.0001 and P=0.0004). Conclusion: We found that an OipA concentration of 10 μg/mL was more effective for IFN-γ production; however, it was not effective for the high production of IL-4. Therefore, it is postulated that the OipA could mainly induce a Th1 response through the production of IFN-γ. We also observed propolis’s capability to induce IFN-γ production; however, the effective concentration for this was the same as for IL-4. Therefore, as an adjuvant, proper concentration of propolis is required for OipA to give the optimum response. [GMJ.2020;9:e1687]

Do preoperative cutaneous bleeding time tests predict the outcome of intraoral surgical bleeding?

To determine whether cutaneous bleeding time (BT) is related to perioperative bleeding outcome measures after tooth extraction. To determine whether this investigation is reliable to predict bleeding outcome after an intraoral surgical procedure. A prospective clinical pilot study of 30 subjects. Cutaneous BT was evaluated before tooth extraction. After extraction, an oral BT was determined. Subjects were contacted 2-5 hours after extraction to assess further post operative bleeding. The mean cutaneous BT was 2.3 minutes (range 1.5-3.5). The mean oral BT was 9.1 (range 7-12). Cutaneous BT did not correlate with oral BT or any other measures of prospective bleeding. However, the time necessary for extraction correlated with extraction site bleeding 2-5 hours after surgery. There was no relationship between cutaneous and oral post extraction BT. The use of BT test as a screening procedure is unnecessary for prediction of prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction or minor surgical procedures in the present situation.

Enhanced enamel benefits from a novel fluoride toothpaste

Objectives: Through the understanding of tooth enamel science and insights into the beneficial role calcium can play in the caries process, a novel fluoride toothpaste has been developed containing micro-calcium. This paper describes a series of in vitro studies to assess delivery of the micro-calcium to a plaque biofilm, delivery of radiolabelled micro-calcium to subsurface enamel lesions and the rehardening of acid softened enamel by this novel toothpaste. Two clinical studies evaluated the delivery of calcium to the mouth. Methods: Uptake of micro-calcium to a plaque biofilm was assessed using a Calgary Biofilm Device and measuring the calcium levels delivered to the biofilm from the micro-calcium containing toothpaste, a calcium carbonate toothpaste, a silica toothpaste or water controls. Sound and subsurface enamel lesions were treated with 45 Ca labelled micro-calcium toothpaste in an in vitro pH cycling study and the uptake of labelled calcium determined. Acid softened enamel specimens were treated with either the micro-calcium containing toothpaste, a calcium carbonate toothpaste or a non-fluoride silica toothpaste in an in vitro remineralisation protocol and the changes in surface microhardness measured. Calcium delivery in vivo was determined in two double-blind, randomised cross-over studies. Subjects brushed their teeth for one minute with either the micro-calcium containing toothpaste or a silica toothpaste. Immediately after brushing and at fixed time intervals up to one hour, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and the total calcium concentration determined. Results: Significantly (p<0.05) more calcium was delivered to a plaque biofilm from the micro-calcium containing toothpaste than the controls. The radiolabelled micro-calcium study demonstrated the uptake of calcium to subsurface enamel lesions. In the remineralisation study, acid softened enamel became significantly harder (p<0.05) following treatment with the micro-calcium containing toothpaste than compared to the control toothpastes. It was shown in the two clinical studies that more calcium was delivered to the mouth following the use of the micro-calcium containing toothpaste than compared to the silica toothpaste. The product differences were in excess of 50% and were of statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusions: The studies show that the new toothpaste containing micro-calcium delivered elevated levels of calcium to the mouth, promoted enhanced remineralisation of demineralised enamel lesions and thus can help repair early signs of tooth decay.

Fluoridated dentifrices: towards a cavity free future

The introduction of fluoride represents an epoch making event in the field of dentistry. In spite of the overwhelming evidence on the beneficial effects of fluoride in reducing dental caries, this simple public health measure has not yet been fully implemented universally. Dental caries exerts social, physical, mental and financial burdens on a global scale with developing countries being affected the most. Prevention of dental caries should be the primary aim rather than emphasising only curative aspects. In this paper the beneficial effects of fluoride dentifrices in general and problems related to the implementation of fluoride as a community measure for a developing country like India are discussed.

Kajian Simulasi Fem 3D : Keausan Pahat Twist Drill pada Pemesinan Bor Mikro Material Ti-6Al-4V

Titanium is a material that has a good strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and resistant to high or low temperatures Titanium alloys that are used in various industrial fields, one of them is the Ti6Al4V alloy. Micro drilling has a high rotational speed which results in tool wear, high temperatures, and surface roughness. This research uses The Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. The application used is DEFORM 3D based on parameters from previous studies. The purpose of this research is to identify the progress of tool wear in a simulated manner on the Ti6Al4V alloy micro-dilling and analyze the tool wear on the Ti6Al4V alloy micro-drilling under dry machining conditions. Machining trials used CNC micro-drilling at various of cutting parameters such as cutting speed of 10.000 and 15.000 rpm. The results showed that the tool wear progress at the 5th hole was 0.00346 mm, the tool wear progress at the 10th hole was 0.00462 mm and the tool wear progress at the 15th hole was 0.00525 mm. Analyzing tool wear in simulated machining and experimental machining in dry conditions has a high wear value. Tool wear is simulated by measuring the radius of the tool in the 15th hole valued at 0.09973 mm. Tool wear is experimentally measured from the tool radius in the 15th hole valued at 0.0101 mm. The tool mesh is changed due to the tool wear. The tool mesh in the 5th hole is worth 17372 mesh. The tool mesh in the 10th hole is 15662 mesh. The tool mesh in the 15th hole was highly reduced by 13021 mesh. Tool wear affects the change in tool mesh. With increasing tool wear then tool mesh is reduced. The next cause of tool wear is the tool temperature in the machining process.

Pengaruh Tipe Infill dan Temperatur Nozzle terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Produk 3D Printing Filamen Pla+ Esun

The increasing technology of the manufacturing industry now makes the industry competition, especially in the field of manufacturing increasingly stringent in developing products with accurate dimensions. The process of getting accurate and precise dimension results is very important in improving the quality of a product to be made. With the development of this technology, the manufacturing industry has begun to develop products with the method of adding materials known as rapid prototyping or layer manufacturing, one of which is technology using 3D printing machines. This research was carried out on a PRUSA 3D Printing FDM model with dimensions of 220 mm x 220 mm x 250 mm and using a nozzle measuring 0.4 mm. The material used is a PLA + filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm with variations in the nozzle temperature parameters (205 ° C, 215 ° C, 225 ° C), layer thickness 0.2, bed temperature 60 ° C, travel speed 100, printing speed 50 , infill type (Grid, Lines, Triangles, Tri Hexagon, Cubic, Cubic Subdivision, Octet, Quarter Qubic, Concentric, Zig Zag, Cross, Cross 3D, Gyroid) which will be determined in Ultimaker Cura 4.4.0 software, resulting in 39 printed sample. The results obtained after testing the highest tensile strength values are found in the 22nd test specimen that is 43.20 MPa with 215 nozzle temperature parameters and Infill Type Concentric, while the lowest tensile strength values are found in the 22nd test specimen which is 24.50 MPa with nozzle temperature parameters 205 ° C and Infill Type Cross.

Risk of suicide amongst dentists: myth or reality?

To analyse the scientific weight of the studies about reports of suicide rates in dentistry and decide the possible stressors caused by dental clinical activity, their consequences and their treatment. The previous literature treats the high suicide rate associated with the dental profession in different ways: myth for some, important statistical data which needs further research for others. The possible errors repeated in the literature as a result of not introducing certain indispensable variables are analysed and a report given of the main stressors linked to the profession. The results showed that the absence of treatment of the disorders arising from these stressors by qualified professionals along with the lack of preventative measures developed by universities and clinicians to be one of the main problems. In the literature we find systematically a suicide rate among dentists higher than those of other occupations. These studies lack the correct scientific weight and new studies are required that introduce the demographic variables, the psiquiatric morbidity previous to the development of the profession, the opportunity factor, the stressors not related to work and the relative emphasis to these are necessary to for the profession to decrease the risk of suicide.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas socioambientales en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México

Esta investigación analizó el nivel de educación ambiental que poseen estudiantes del nivel medio superior de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, se consideraron las variables sobre el conocimiento y formación ambiental, saber actuar ante los problemas socioambientales, prácticas de carácter ambiental, percepción sobre la complejidad de problemas socioambientales, grado de ambientalización en el currículo, actitudes y conductas proambientales desarrolladas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar el conocimiento, la formación, las actitudes y conductas proambientales que tienen estudiantes de preparatoria, con base en la enseñanza-aprendizaje adquirido durante su estancia en el centro educativo de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. El método utilizado fue eminentemente cuantitativo, y las variables fueron analizadas a través de la escala de Likert el cual es un método de investigación de campo que permite medir la opinión sobre un tema a través de una encuesta que identifica el grado de acuerdo o desacuerdo de cada pregunta, empleando 5 categorías para esta investigación. Los resultados indicaron que sus conocimientos y prácticas sobre temáticas ambientales van de “escasos” a “regular”; habitualmente saben actuar ante las problemáticas socioambientales que los rodea; se observó que poseen escasa percepción sobre la complejidad de los actuales problemas ambientales, el estudio demostró, que los estudiantes tienen escaza conciencia para actuar, cuidar y proteger su entorno socioambiental, con un bajo interés para resolver las problemáticas ambientales a nivel local, lo que se refleja en los resultados de la variable ambientalización en el currículo, que va de “escaso” a “regular”. Se concluyó que la percepción de los estudiantes no impacta en acciones positivas a favor del ambiente y que estas acciones beneficien a los centros educativos y a su comunidad. Los datos de este estudio coinciden con otras investigaciones similares a ésta, donde se ha llegado a la misma conclusión, el conocimiento y la conciencia no han sido suficientes para desarrollar actitudes proambientales, es necesario poner y llevar a la práctica acciones responsables, con una adecuada metodología para proponer actividades que ayuden a la resolución de los problemas ambientales vigentes y que estas acciones se vean reflejadas en beneficio del entorno en el que los estudiantes se desenvuelven.

THE EFFECT OF FOLK GAMES TRAINING ON QUICKNESS IN 14-16 YEARS OLD WOMEN

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of 8-week folk dances on women's quickness performance. A total of 60 women, including 30 experimental group and 30 control group, voluntarily participated in the study. The experimental group was played on Saturday and Sunday for three hours, two days a week, for three hours a week. The control group was not subjected to any training. Measurements were taken as pre-test and post-test at the beginning and end of the work program. The normality distribution of the data was determined by the Shapiro-Wilks test. Since the data has a normal distribution, the t-test, one of the parametric tests, was used for comparisons between groups. Paired t test was used for in-group comparisons. According to the analysis results, a statistical difference was found in the pre-test and post-test values of the experimental group's quickness values. In the control group, no difference was detected. As a result, it can be said that folk dance practices, which have an important place in our culture, positively affect the values of quickness. Article visualizations:

المسؤولية عن الأضرار الناتجة عن استخدام الطائرات بدون طيار " الدرون " في القوانين الداخلية و القانون الدولي

ان موضوع بحثنا هو ( المسؤولية عن الاضرار الناتجة عن استخدام الطائرات بدون طيار "الدرون" في القوانين الداخلية والقانون الدولي) وقد درسنا فيه القوانين الداخلية فيما يتعلق بالمسؤولية عن استخدام هذا النوع من الطائرات التي بدون طيار،وقد اوجدنا نقاط التقاء المسؤولية الدولية عن استخدام هذه الطائرات في النزاعات المسلحة مع الاتفاقيات الدولية المنظمة لقواعد الحرب من خلال مقدمة في البحث عن تاريخ الطيران واهميته وخمسة مطالب، تناولنا في المطلب الاول ماهية الطائرة بدون طيار ، والثاني استخدامات الطائرة بدون طيار "الدرون" ، والثالث المسؤولية القانونية عن استخدام الطائرات بدون طيار في القانون الدولي ، والرابع المسؤولية القانونية عن استخدام الطائرات بدون طيار في القوانين الداخلية ، والخامس عن شروط الاعفاء من المسؤولية عن الاضرار الناتجة عن استخدام الطيارات بدون طيار، وفي الخاتمة اوردنا اهم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ذات الصلة بالبحث ومنها سن نصوص قانونية خاصة في القوانين الداخلية تحدد ضوابط استخدام الطائرات المسيرة والاثار القانونية النترتبة على استخدامها وعدم ترك الموضوع للاجتهادات والقياس، ووضع اتفاقية دولية في اطار الامم المتحدة تنظم استخدام الطائرات المسيرة في حالات الحروب والنزاعات المسلحة.

The Impact of Control Measures and Holiday Seasons on Incidence and Mortality Rate of COVID-19 in Iran.

Background: Preventive measures on the COVID-19 pandemic is an effective way to control its spread. We aimed to investigate the effect of control measures and holiday seasons on the incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 in Iran. Study design: An observational study. Methods: The daily data of confirmed new cases and deaths in Iran were taken from the Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 database. We calculated weekly data from 19 Feb to 6 Oct 2020. To estimate the impact of control measures and holiday seasons on the incidence rate of new cases and deaths, an autoregressive hidden Markov model (ARHMM) with two hidden states fitted the data. The hidden states of the fitted model can distinguish the peak period from the non-peak period. Results: The control measures with a delay of one-week and two-week had a decreasing effect on the new cases in the peak and non-peak periods, respectively ( P =0.005). The holiday season with a two-week delay increased the total number of new cases in the peak periods ( P =0.031). The peak period for the occurrence of COVID-19 was estimated at 3 weeks. In the peak period of mortality, the control measures with a three-week delay decreased the COVID-19 mortality ( P =0.010). The expected duration of staying in the peak period of mortality was around 6 weeks. Conclusions: When an increasing trend was seen in the country, the control measures could decline the incidence and mortality related to COVID-19. Implementation of official restrictions on holiday seasons could prevent an upward trend of incidence for COVID-19 during the peak period.

COVID-19 pandemisinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarında anksiyete belirtileri ve uykusuzluk

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının anksiyete ve uykusuzluk düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Kesitsel türde olan bu çalışmanın evrenini bir ilçe sağlık müdürlüğünde görevli sağlık çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla uygulanan anket formlarıyla toplanmıştır. Üç bölümden oluşan anket formunda katılımcıların tanımlayıcı özelliklerine yönelik sorular, Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 Testi ve Uykusuzluk Şiddeti İndeksi yer almaktadır. Bulgular: Çalışma evreninin %85.6’sına (n=149) ulaşılmıştır. Yaş ortalaması 35.70±9.27 olup %71.5’i kadındır. %82.3’ü üniversite mezunu, %10.8’i hekimdir. Halk sağlığı hizmetleri biriminde görev yapanlar tüm personelin %31.5’ini; ağız ve diş sağlığı merkezinde görev yapanlar ise %24.6’sını oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %33.1’i pandemi döneminde de aynı görevine devam ederken, %27.7’si vaka filyasyonu, %16.9’u ise Halk Sağlığı Yönetim Sistemi işlemlerinde görev yapmaktadır. COVID-19 tanısı alanların oranı %19.2’dir. Çalışanların %52.3’ünde yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, %53.1’inde uykusuzluk mevcuttur. Hem yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu hem de uykusuzluk olanların oranı %36.9’dur. Öğrenim durumuna göre, lise mezunları anksiyete bozukluğu ve uykusuzluğun en az olduğu gruptur (sırasıyla p=0.029; p=0.031). Sonuç: Pandemiyle mücadelede ön safta görev yapan ilçe sağlık müdürlüğü personelinde yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu ve uykusuzluk sık görülmektedir. Çalışanların korunması pandemi döneminde alınması gereken önlemlerin önemli bir parçasıdır. Hem çalışanların iyilik halinin sürdürülmesi hem de sağlık hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinde yeterli insan kaynağını sağlayabilmek için sağlık çalışanlarının ruh sağlığı sorunlarına önem verilmelidir. Bu sayede hem çalışanların sağlıkları korunacak hem de topluma sundukları sağlık hizmeti aksamadan devam edecektir.

基于腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)对大气总活性氮氧化物(NOy)的实时测量

基于腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)对大气总活性氮氧化物(NOy)的实时测量

Families in the Pandemic Between Challenges and Opportunities: An Empirical Study of Parents with Preschool and School-Age Children

The study explored the effects of social isolation from lockdown on Italian families in terms of work-family balance, family functioning and parenting. 104 parents (80.8% mothers) with at least one child aged from 2 to 14 years participated in the study. An ad-hoc scale explored work-family balance; Family Environment Scale and Perceived collective family efficacy scale examined respectively parents’ perceived quality of family relationships and beliefs in family’s efficacy; one single question and an ad-hoc scale measured respectively parenting stress and positive parenting. Our findings evidenced an increase of parenting stress due to the social isolation and the persistency of gender inequalities in not-paid work division causing a penalty for mothers. Nevertheless, during the lockdown, families rediscovered the values of being together inside the house, improving both their cohesion and expressiveness and their positive parenting. Overall, the study shows that Italian families have been resilient and not overwhelmed by family stress, being able to adjust to cope with lifestyle changes. However, the social changes caused by the emergency requires to plan adequate policies to support especially dual-earner families with younger children in these times, both to reduce parenting stress and to avoid that work-family balance difficulties and gender gap will be exacerbated, increasing the risk to relegating women to the domestic sphere during the next phases of this pandemic.