Measurement Of Malondialdehyde Research Articles

Kai-Xin-San Protects Depression Mice Against CORT-Induced Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Microglia Activation and Oxidative Stress.

Objective Traditional Chinese medicine formula Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is used to treat psychiatric disorders, especially in anxiety and depression. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effect of KXS on inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression. Methods The therapeutic efficacy of KXS was evaluated in a mouse model of depression induced by CORT. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of KXS in treating depressive-like behavior. Nissl staining and β-galactosidase staining were used to assess the effects of KXS on neuronal injury in depressed mice. To screen key potential therapeutic targets of KXS, transcriptome sequences and data analysis were performed. Then, Iba1 immunofluorescence staining and their relative inflammatory factors mRNA expression were conducted to assess the effect of KXS in inhibiting microglial inflammation activation response. Concurrently, the measurement of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) immunohistochemistry staining, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed to evaluate the effect of KXS on anti-oxidative stress of depression in vivo. Besides, nitric oxide (NO), relative inflammatory factors mRNA expression, JC-1 staining, and ROS were used to evaluate the effect of KXS by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-induced BV2 cells. Results KXS significantly relieved the depressive-like symptoms induced by CORT, as well as ameliorating the neuronal damage, which decreased microglia inflammatory activation response of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in vivo or in vitro too. Transcriptome Sequencing and Data Analysis showed that KXS mainly by regulating immune system and transduction pathways decreased CORT-induced depression in mice. And showed that there were 19 Principal components and 10 genes in the main regulatory position with the strongest correlation in depression mice. Meanwhile, KXS effectively decreased senescence, the expression of 4-HNE, MDA content, and the production of ROS, while increasing the SOD activity in CORT-induced mice. Besides, KXS significantly reversed the mitochondrial membrane potential loss and excessive ROS production in LPS/IFNγ-induced BV2 cells. Conclusion Our research suggested that KXS might protect depressed mice against CORT-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting microglia activation and oxidative stress.

Syringe-dispensed omega-3 lipid injectable emulsions should be stored under airtight refrigeration: A proposal for the efficient supply of unapproved precious lipid resources.

Both fish-oil lipid injectable emulsion (FO-ILE) and mixed-oil lipid injectable emulsion (MO-ILE) are key components of parenteral nutrition and require importation into Japan, and they are easily oxidized after opening. Given the small daily volumes of these lipids dispensed in infants and children with intestinal failure (IF), the purpose of the study was to identify the optimal storage method. Lipids were prepared in polypropylene syringes in the following manner: air-sealing and photoprotection, air-sealing only, photoprotection only, and uncovered. Samples were stored for 14 days at 4°C or 26°C. The degree of oxidative degradation was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and pH and comparing them to the values measured immediately after opening. For FO-ILE, the increase in MDA concentration for 14 days was insignificant in air-sealed samples, regardless of photoprotection (+0.45 μM, P = 1.0) or no photoprotection (+0.52 μM, P = 1.0). This trend was more pronounced at 4°C than at 26°C (P < 0.01). The maximum pH decrease was 0.08 at 4°C. MO-ILE exhibited an insignificant increase in MDA concentration for 14 days with air-sealed samples, regardless of photoprotection (+0.36 μM, P = 0.11) or no photoprotection (+0.33 μM, P = 0.76). This trend was more pronounced at 4°C than at 26°C (P < 0.01). The maximum pH decrease was 0.12 at 4°C. For soybean-oil lipid injectable emulsion, the trend was similar with no considerable deterioration. Syringe-dispensed FO-ILE and MO-ILE stored under airtight refrigeration remained undeteriorated for 14 days. Our results are considered clinically valuable when supplying these expensive resources for infants with IF.

Effect of ozone versus naringin on testicular injury in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats

ABSTRACT Testicular dysfunction is caused by the continuous inflammation and oxidative stress that are present at the local site in ulcerative colitis (UC) spreading to the testes via systemic circulation. The influence of ozone and naringine on colitis-mediated testicular dysfunction was investigated in this study. Forty-eight adult male rats were divided into four groups: I control group, II dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) UC-induced group, III DSS+naringine, and IV DSS+ozone groups. UC was induced in groups II, III, and IV using 0.1 ml of 4% DSS in their drinking water per day for 6 days by gastric gavage. All animals were sacrificed 45 days from the start. Blood samples were obtained to estimate serum testosterone hormone. Testicular tissues were processed for measurement of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and examined by light and electron microscopes. Ultrastructurally, group II revealed a relatively thick basement membrane enveloping the seminiferous tubule. Sertoli cell cytoplasm appears rarified with wide intracellular spaces, vacuoles, and multiple lysosomes; distorted spermatogonia with electron dense nuclei and cytoplasm; and primary spermatocytes with small nuclei and electron dense cytoplasm. Abnormal sperm profiles were visible in middle pieces, mid, principle, and end pieces that were markedly affected with disorganization of axoneme and outer dense fibers. Leydig cells revealed dilated cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Morphometric and statistical analyses were performed. Group III showed some improvement; however, group IV showed more improvement. The results indicated that ozone caused marked improvement than naringine against UC-induced testicular damage via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

A Case Report The Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Level on Acne Vulgaris Treatment

Abstract: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit with varying degrees of severity, recurrent and characterized by polymorphic lesions. Recent studies have found that the etiopathogenesis of AV is caused by oxidative stress. Each factor that causes AV is interrelated and is under the control of hormones and immunity. Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the blood becomes a biological marker or an indicator of cell and tissue damage caused by oxidative stress. Case: A 23-years-old female private employee visited the clinic for multiple comedones and papulopustular lesions scattered over cheeks, nose, and chin that spread to the whole face four months ago. There were multiple comedones, papules, pustules, nodules on the maxillary, nasalis, left and right zigomatic, mentalis and frontalis region. We also found multiple scars on the left and right buccal. She was diagnosed with Severe AV. Serum MDA level was measured according to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method before and after therapy. She was treated with doxycycline 100 mg, 0.025% tretinoin cream, 5% benzoyl peroxide, 1.2% clindamycin gel, and broadspectrum sunscreen with SPF 50. Result: After eight weeks of treatment, there were noticeable improvements in acne lesions and overall healthier-looking skin. Serum MDA levels are decreased (22.6 nmol/ml to 17.9 nmol/ml) as the impact of the therapy.&#x0D; Keyword: Acne Vulgaris, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress

Vitamin D (VD3) Intensifies the Effects of Exercise and Prevents Alterations of Behavior, Brain Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation, in Hemiparkinsonian Rats.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise in the presence of Vitamin D3 (VD3), on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. The animals were divided into sham-operated (SO), 6-OHDA-lesioned, and 6-OHDA-lesioned plus VD3 (1µg/kg, 21days), in the absence (no exercise, NE) and presence (with exercise, WE) of physical exercise on a treadmill (30min, speed of 20cm/s, once a day/21days). This procedure started, 24h after the stereotaxic surgery (injections of 6-OHDA into the right striatum). The animals were then subjected to behavioral (rotarod, open field, and apomorphine tests) and their brain areas were dissected for neurochemical, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) determinations, and immunohistochemical studies for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vitamin D receptor (VD3R). The effects on the brain oxidative stress: nitrite/nitrate, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were also evaluated. Behavioral changes of the 6-OHDA lesioned group were improved by exercise plus VD3. Similar results were observed in dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations increased by exercise and VD3, compared with SO groups. Additionally, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoexpressions were decreased in the 6-OHDA-lesioned groups, with values normalized after exercise and VD3. The VD3 receptor immunoexpression decreased in the 6-OHDA (NE) group, and this was attenuated by exercise, especially after VD3. While 6-OHDA lesions increased, VD3 supplementation decreased the oxidative stress, which was intensified by exercise. VD3 showed neuroprotective properties that were intensified by physical exercise. These VD3 actions on hemiparkinsonian rats are possibly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Preventive Effects of Vitamin C on Cataracts: In Vivo Study

Background: A cataract is a disease caused by various factors, one of which is the aging process. With increasing age, the formation of free radicals will cause pathological reactions in the lens and other toxic compounds, resulting in oxidative reactions. Administration of vitamin C injection as an antioxidant can reduce the reactivity of free radicals caused by oxidative reactions in cataract lenses induced by sodium selenite. This study aims to determine the preventive effect of vitamin C administration on selenite-induced cataracts based on the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.&#x0D; Methods: The experimental study used 30 rats which were then divided into 5 treatment groups (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). Lenses were extracted for the measurement of malondialdehyde. The value of MDA levels was then analyzed using the One-way ANOVA statistical test.&#x0D; Results: Statistically, there was no significant difference in MDA levels in each treatment group. Analysis of the difference in mean MDA between the 2 groups showed that the average MDA levels of mice in groups P4 and P5 were relatively lower than P2 and P3, but higher than P1.&#x0D; Conclusion: Giving vitamin C was able to reduce MDA levels (a marker of oxidative stress) better than the group that did not receive vitamin C, but not statistically different.

Dexmedetomidine reduces oxidative stress in patients with controlled hypotension undergoing functional endoscopic surgery

To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress in patients who underwent controlled hypotension in functional endoscopic surgery. Sixty patients undergoing controlled hypotension in unilateral functional endoscopic surgery were randomly divided into control group and DEX group. The controlled hypotension was administered in both groups. The serum samples in two groups were used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels with methods of thiobarbital colorimetry and xanthine oxidase. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of patients were recorded at five time points. Compared with control group, the SOD activity of DEX group were increased and MDA concentration were significantly decreased at T0, T2, and T4 (P < 0.05). The blood pressure (BP) and HR between the two groups have no statistically significant difference. The BP and HR of the DEX group were lower than the preoperative parameters, and the SAS score was lower and the Ramsay score was higher at T3 (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative bleeding in DEX group was significant reduced (P < 0.05). DEX combined with nitroglycerin is safe and effective in patients with controlled hypotension undergoing functional endoscopic surgery, which can relieve their restlessness and reduce the oxidative stress response.

Jujuboside A inhibits oxidative stress damage and enhances immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through up-regulating IDO expression.

Impaired immunomodulatory capacity and oxidative stress are the key factors limiting the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of jujuboside A (JuA) on the protective effect and immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Hydrogen peroxide was used to establish an oxidative damage model of hUC-MSCs, while PBMCs isolated from rats were used to evaluate the effect of JuA pre-treatment on the immunomodulatory capacity of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, Hoechst 33258 staining, lactate dehydrogenase test, measurement of malondialdehyde, Western blot, high-performance liquid chromatography; and flow cytometry were performed. Our results indicated that JuA (25 μmol·L-1) promoted the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, but did not affect the differentiating capability of these cells. JuA pre-treatment inhibited apoptosis, prevented oxidative damage, and up-regulated the protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in hUC-MSCs in which oxidative stress was induced with H2O2. In addition, JuA pre-treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of hUC-MSCs against abnormally activated PBMCs, which was related to stimulation of the expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that JuA pre-treatment can enhance the survival and immunomodulatory ability through pathways related to oxidative stress, providing a new option for the improvement of hUC-MSCs in the clinical setting.

P597: HIGH DOSE IRON IMPAIRS MALIGNANT B-CELL VIABILITY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

Background: Identification of new strategies to improve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) outcome is fundamental since the disease remains incurable. Malignant B-cells show high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which favors adaptation and survival but also enhances sensitivity to pro-oxidant therapeutics. Redox homeostasis is affected by iron balance since iron excess works as pro-oxidant, and cancer cells rearrange iron trafficking proteins to promote iron uptake. This adaptation might be exploited by exposing malignant cells to iron excess to cause ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and eventually ferroptosis. We previously demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy in multiple myeloma and prostate cancer pre-clinical models. Aims: We aim at exploiting high dose iron to negatively affect malignant cell survival and increase therapeutic efficacy of current target therapies (BTK and BCL2 inhibitors). We aim at dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying iron toxicity and at testing whether iron can improve immune dysfunctions. Methods: CLL cell lines (MEC-1, MEC-2 and PCL-12), patients peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells (PBMC and BMMC) and B lymphocytes purified from patients PB were treated with 300 µM ferric ammonium citrate (FeAC) alone or in combination with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (IBR, 5-10 µM) or the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax (VNTX, 1.25-2.5 nM). We evaluated cell viability by annexin PI staining, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant gene expression levels by qRT-PCR. We additionally evaluated T cell activation by measuring CD25 expression. MEC-1 xenografts generated in immunodeficient RAG2-/-yc-/- mice were treated with 20 mg/Kg ferric carboximaltose. Results:In vitro, iron treatment impaired cell proliferation in all CLL cell lines analyzed, inducing accumulation of MDA and cell death (p<0.01). In vivo, iron supplementation reduced the amount of MEC-1 cells in bone marrow and spleen of xenograft mice as compared to control saline-treated mice. In patients primary samples, iron induced cell death of leukemic lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) either as purified cells or within bulk PBMC (p<0.01). Moreover, combination of iron with IBR or VNTX induced cell death at a higher extent compared to each single drug or to iron alone (p<0.01). Leukemic cells in BMMC samples were also iron sensitive and the effect became more evident upon combination with IBR or VNTX (p<0.05). Neither iron nor iron-drug combinations induced cell death in non-malignant cells. Iron also increased CD25 expression in CD8+ T cells and we are currently exploring whether this might indicate that iron can also improve cytotoxic mediated immune response against leukemic cells. As single patient analysis revealed heterogeneity of response, we investigated whether we might predict iron sensitivity by analyzing the antioxidant gene expression profile. All CLL cell lines analyzed showed a lower basal expression of NFE2L2, HMOX1, and GPX4 antioxidant genes than typical iron-resistant cell lines, such as prostate cancer PC-3 cells, suggesting that differences in antioxidant gene expression levels may mediate iron response and that this association is worth to be explored in CLL primary samples to explain heterogeneous iron response. Summary/Conclusion: Our pre-clinical studies suggests that exploiting iron toxicity might be a valuable strategy to improve current target therapies in CLL. Additional studies aimed at distinguishing iron sensitive patients from poor responders will improve the translational potential of this therapeutic approach.

Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Against Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Diabetic Cataracts: In vivo Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic condition that affects various organs, including the eyes. N-acetylcysteine ​​(NAC) functions as an antioxidant because it belongs to a thiol group synthesis glutathione. However, the availability of cysteine ​​in the body is only 15%, so cysteine ​​supplementation can help with oxidative stress in diabetic cataracts. That it will prevent the reaction of lipid peroxidase and the formation of PUFA in the lens membrane, which causes damage to lens cells and is characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde. This study aims to determine the comparison of malondialdehyde levels in the lenses of diabetic cataract rats given or without topical NAC.&#x0D; Methods: 36 rats were divided into the control group (received streptozotocin) and treatment group (received streptozotocin and topical NAC. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was given 90 mg/kg BW and performed once a week for 3 weeks. GDP examination was performed the next day after the rats fasted for 16 hours from the vein. In the tail, GDP &gt; 110 mg/dl categorized as diabetes. Topical NAC was given 4 times per day for 3 weeks. At the end of the study, the lens was extracted for the measurement of malondialdehyde.&#x0D; Results: The mean MDA levels in the control group were higher (2.90±0.71nmol/ml) than in the treatment group (2.33±0.38nmol/ml), p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: NAC was effective in reducing oxidative stress levels in diabetic cataract lenses by lowering MDA levels better than the group that did not receive MDA in vivo.

The Performances of Some Tomato Pure Lines under Cold Stress in the Vegetative and Generative Stage

Especially, in tomatoes occur due to low temperature stress serious yield and quality decreases in greenhouse conditions. For successful tomato cultivation under the cold stress, cultivars performances are extremely important both vegetative and reproductive growth stage. In this study, 20 tomato pure lines and 3 commercial cultivars (Cigdem F1, Anit F1 and Bestona F1) and also Solanum hirsutum (LA 1777) known as tolerant genotypes were evaluated at vegetative and reproductive stage. The studies were conducted under both the cold stress in growth chamber and the optimal temperature condition (control) in the greenhouse. They were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) and dry matter yield (DM) at vegetative stage. The results showed that EL rate and MDA content increased while DM decreased under the cold stress when compared with leaves of plants grown at optimal temperature. In reproductive stage, pollen viability and pollen germination were evaluated under both cold stress and control conditions for all genotypes. All the sensitive genotypes exhibited low pollen viability and pollen germination. Consequently, three pure lines were identified with low-temperature tolerant in vegetative and reproductive growth stage.

RETRACTED: Iranian thyme honey plays behavioral, cellular and molecular important roles as an amazing preventive and therapeutic agent in the brain of Alzheimer's rat model

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Iranian thyme honey (single dose: 2 gr/kg) vs rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg) in vivo on spatial memory and in vitro on important parameters of oxidative stress as well as quantitative and qualitative studies of hippocampal neurons of AD rat models with this design that 30 days after oral administration of 17 mg/kg AlCl3, 20 AD rats were received that underwent a 6-weeks therapeutic period and another 20 rats underwent a 6-weeks preventive period and also 20 rats were as controls. Y-Maze test was performed to show memory deficiency as well as TBARS and FRAP assays to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant, respectively. In addition, H&E staining was also done for cell counting and morphological changes. We observed that AD rats with hippocampal damage had more significant errors during the Y-maze test than the control and other rats. Likewise, MDA and neurodegeneration increased in the AD group while in all preventive and therapeutic group's especially Iranian thyme honey, they decreased and conversely, total antioxidant and number of normal cells elevated and healthy neurons were observed in all parts of the hippocampus and cortex. Our results despite the limitations showed the powerful antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effects of Iranian thyme honey vs rivastigmine on hippocampal neurons that consequently enhanced memory and if advanced diagnostic tests in human clinical patients show other more pronounced effects, we have certainly started a key and targeted strategy.

Protective effect of cinnamic acid on orthophenylphenol-induced oxidative stress in rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of cinnamic acid (CA) on orthophenyl-phenol (OPP)-induced oxidative stress in rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups as control, OPP, CA and OPP + CA groups. The animals in control, OPP and CA groups were received corn oil, OPP (700 mg kg-1 dissolved in corn oil) and CA (200 mg kg-1) by gavage for 21 days, respectively. The animals in OPP + CA group were received CA for 3 days and from day 4; OPP and CA were applied together daily until day 25. Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of experiment for measurement of aminotransferases, creatinine (CREA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The OPP-induced high serum activities of aminotransferases and level of CREA were reduced significantly by CA administration. The OPP induced significant increases of CAT activities and MDA levels in serum and liver tissue samples. Moreover, OPP significantly decreased GSH levels as well as GSH-Px and SOD activities. Pre-treatment with CA ameliorated the GSH levels along with GSH-Px and SOD activities compared to OPP-receiving rats. On the other hand, CAT activities and MDA levels significantly decreased following the pre-treatment with CA compared to OPP-receiving rats. It has been determined that OPP causes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in blood and liver tissues and creates changes in anti-oxidant defense enzymes. Pre-treatment with CA reduces lipid peroxidation and provides protective effect against oxidative stress.

Antioxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Nanoparticles against Nephropathy of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats.

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been shown to interact and have the role of importance in causing diabetic nephropathy complications. Fucoidan has a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect, so the aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan nanoparticles against nephropathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Fucoidan nanoparticles are characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The rats were randomized into the control group (were given with aquadest), streptozotocin group (were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg BW i.p.), and fucoidan nanoparticle group (were given orally with fucoidan at doses 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW and then injected streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg BW i.p.). The blood was taken to evaluate the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The kidney tissues were collected to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by ELISA; superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by immunohistochemical staining and histological observation by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining. The DLS demonstrated that the fucoidan nanoparticle size was 330.6 ± 58.8 nm, and the SEM showed an irregular shape with a rough surface image. The administration of streptozotocin significantly increased BUN, creatinine, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, whereas expression of SOD and GPx decreased as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The administration of fucoidan nanoparticles only at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW significantly decreases BUN, creatinine, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. However, fucoidan nanoparticles at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW significantly increase SOD and GPx expression as compared with the streptozotocin group (p < 0.05). The administration of streptozotocin caused the loss of normal kidney cell structure and necrosis, while treatment with fucoidan nanoparticles improved renal cell necrosis. It can be concluded that fucoidan nanoparticles are promising agents in terms of the protection afforded against streptozotocin-induced nephropathy through antioxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GPx and through anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Antioxidant activity of gamma cobalt-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E combination to lead acetate-induced rats

The potential of chitosan as a blood lead chelator and an antioxidant had been proven, yet its ability was still not optimal. Chitosan had a relatively large molecular size, which reduced the effectivity of its distribution towards the tissues. Gamma Co-60 irradiation technique was presumably applicable to solve the issue. The antioxidant activity of chitosan could also be optimized by the addition of vitamin E. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of the combination of Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E in lead acetate-induced rats. Twenty-four rats, which were distributed in six groups, were treated using the combination of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 150 kGy and vitamin E 1000 IU. All groups, except for the naïve group, were induced with lead acetate. The positive control group was induced with only lead acetate, while treatment group 1 had an additional treatment of irradiated chitosan. The treatment groups 2-4 were treated using the combination of irradiated chitosan and vitamin E in increasing doses respectively for forty days. Blood serum was collected for measurement of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that the provided treatment increased the enzymatic activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and reduced the MDA level in lead acetate-induced rats. However, as the vitamin E dosage was increased, it posed several side effects. It was concluded that the combination Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E increased the activity of various endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation, dependent on the amount of vitamin E.

SIAH1 promotes senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells to exacerbate disc degeneration through ubiquitinating XIAP

BackgroundUsing clinical samples and database analysis, this study aimed to investigate the signaling pathways that mediated degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). MethodsNPCs were extracted from enucleated intervertebral discs of IDD patients, and the senescence, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis levels of cells were confirmed by β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), Western blot, and measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). The microarray expression profile of GSE56081 was downloaded to screen differentially expressed mRNAs. CO-IP and ubiquitination assays were used to determine the targeted regulation of XIAP by SIAH1. Methylation of mRNA was verified by m6A RIP and actinomycin D assays. ResultsNPCs extracted from the enucleated intervertebral discs of IDD patients exhibited marked senescence, apoptosis, elevated levels of inflammation, and decreased ECM synthesis. The expression of SIAH1 was significantly elevated in NPCs of IDD patients, and SIAH1 knockdown reversed senescence, apoptosis, elevated levels of inflammation, and decreased ECM synthesis in NPCs of IDD patients. CO-IP and ubiquitination assays indicated that SIAH1 can target and ubiquitinate XIAP. Besides, MeRIP-qPCR and actinomycin experiments showed that METTL3-mediated m6A can methylate SIAH1 mRNA. ConclusionIn IDD patients, SIAH1 can target and ubiquitinate XIAP, thereby mediating senescence, apoptosis, increased inflammation, and decreased ECM synthesis of NPCs, while METTL3-mediated m6A can methylate SIAH1 mRNA, producing harmful effects.

Assessment of Ferrous Sulfate Contribution to Oxidative Stress in Post‐bariatric Surgery Patients with Iron Deficiency

Obesity is a global public health problem with numbers of affected people increasing despite the policy efforts1‐3 Bariatric surgery is the common treatment for patients with severe obesity, with increasing number of patients undergoing the surgery (252,000 in 2018 to 256,000 in 2019).4 Unfortunately, 10‐60% of patients develop iron deficiency after the bariatric surgery.5, 6 High‐dose oral iron (i.e., 150‐200 mg of non‐heme iron supplement such as FeSO47) is a recommended treatment for patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in post‐bariatric surgery patients.7 Studies show that oxidative stress (OxS) is an adverse effect of high dose oral iron therapy8, therefore we hypothesized that patients undergoing supplementation with high dose FeSO4 would exhibit increases in systemic oxidative stress. We tested our hypothesis with a secondary analysis using archived plasma specimens from a randomized, single‐blind study that included an arm that underwent treatment with high dose oral FeSO4and a comparison group that underwent a novel heme iron supplement (heme‐iron‐polypeptide, HIP). Participants were women who had developed IDA after bariatric surgery and findings of the study demonstrated superiority of high dose FeSO4 for 8 weeks for improving iron status.9 At baseline, the mean ± standard deviation for age, BMI, and years since surgery of the sample was 39.2 ± 8.7 years, 31.4 ± 7.2 kg/m2, and 6.9 ± 3.1 years, respectively. We used plasma from participants without obesity or bariatric surgery as a control group. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), an established biomarker of oxidative stress (Abcam, UK). The two‐way ANOVA (IBM SPSS 27) showed no significant difference in mean MDA levels. Mean MDA values for FeSO4, HIP, and control group were 65.4 ± 38.3, 98.70 ± 63.4, and 84.9 ± 60.7 pmol/mL, respectively (all p&gt;0.05).ConclusionsOur findings of no difference in change in oxidative stress between groups does not support our hypothesis that high dose oral iron increases OxS. Limitations of our study are the small sample size and future clinical studies need to determine the potential of oxidative following high dose oral iron therapy in bariatric surgery patients with IDA.

Effect of Curcumin on Hippocampal Neurons, Learning, and Spatial Memory in a Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia

Background: Curcumin is a natural antioxidant known for its neuroprotective properties against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CIRI). Stroke has the greatest impact on the hippocampus CA1 region and leads to cognitive impairment. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pretreatment with turmeric extract before induction of cerebral ischemia on the structure of the hippocampus CA1 region, learning, and spatial memory. Methods: A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) sham group (received DMSO), 3) ischemia group (15 min bilateral carotid artery), and 4) curcumin group (received 100 mg/kg of curcumin daily for five days before induction of ischemia). A Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate memory impairment in mice 48 h after ischemia induction. The animals were then anesthetized, and their blood samples were taken for malondialdehyde measurement. Subsequently, the animals’ brains were removed, and the number of neurons and the volume of the layers were examined using cresyl violet staining. Results: The results of stereology showed a significant increase in the volume of the CA1 region and its substrates in the curcumin treatment group compared to the ischemia group. In addition, the number of pyramidal neurons in the treatment group showed a significant increase compared to the ischemia group. Moreover, curcumin administration reduced spatial memory impairment in the treatment group compared to the ischemia group. Conclusion: These results suggest that pretreatment with curcumin can improve memory and learning disorders and hippocampal neuron damage following ischemia.

Immunomodulation of Oxidative Stress during Organ Donation Process: Preliminary Results.

The objective was to quantify oxidative stress resulting from ischemia during the donation process, using malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement, and its modulation by the administration of melatonin. We designed a triple-blind clinical trial with donors randomized to melatonin or placebo. We collected donors by donation after brain death (DBD) and controlled donation after circulatory death (DCD), the latter maintained by normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). Melatonin or placebo was administered prior to donation or following limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE). Demographic variables and medical history were collected. We also collected serial measurements of MDA, at 60 and 90 min after melatonin or placebo administration. A total of 53 donors were included (32 from DBD and 21 from DCD). In the DBD group, 17 donors received melatonin, and 15 placebo. Eight DCD donors were randomized to melatonin and 13 to placebo. Medical history and cause for LTE were similar between groups. Although MDA values did not differ in the DBD group, statistical differences were observed in DCD donors during the 0–60 min interval: −4.296 (−6.752; −2.336) in the melatonin group and −1.612 (−2.886; −0.7445) in controls. Given the antioxidant effect of melatonin, its use could reduce the production of oxidative stress in controlled DCD.

Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the pancreatic tissue after the intervention of orange water kefir in the hyperlipidemic rats model

Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the pancreatic tissue after the intervention of orange water kefir in the hyperlipidemic rats model