Measurement Of Variables Research Articles

Functional Multivariable Logistic Regression With an Application to HIV Viral Suppression Prediction.

Motivated by improving the prediction of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression status using electronic health records (EHR) data, we propose a functional multivariable logistic regression model, which accounts for the longitudinal binary process and continuous process simultaneously. Specifically, the longitudinal measurements for either binary or continuous variables are modeled by functional principal components analysis, and their corresponding functional principal component scores are used to build a logistic regression model for prediction. The longitudinal binary data are linked to underlying Gaussian processes. The estimation is done using penalized spline for the longitudinal continuous and binary data. Group-lasso is used to select longitudinal processes, and the multivariate functional principal components analysis is proposed to revise functional principal component scores with the correlation. The method is evaluated via comprehensive simulation studies and then applied to predict viral suppression using EHR data for people living with HIV in SouthCarolina.

Higher-order moments of spline chaos expansion

Spline chaos expansion, referred to as SCE, is a finite series representation of an output random variable in terms of measure-consistent orthonormal splines in input random variables and deterministic coefficients. This paper reports new results from an assessment of SCE’s approximation quality in calculating higher-order moments, if they exist, of the output random variable. A novel mathematical proof is provided to demonstrate that the moment of SCE of an arbitrary order converges to the exact moment for any degree of splines as the largest element size decreases. Complementary numerical analyses have been conducted, producing results consistent with theoretical findings. A collection of simple yet relevant examples is presented to grade the approximation quality of SCE with that of the well-known polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). The results from these examples indicate that higher-order moments calculated using SCE converge for all cases considered in this study. In contrast, the moments of PCE of an order larger than two may or may not converge, depending on the regularity of the output function or the probability measure of input random variables. Moreover, when both SCE- and PCE-generated moments converge, the convergence rate of the former is markedly faster than the latter in the presence of nonsmooth functions or unbounded domains of input random variables.

Predicting the Dynamic Behaviour of a Concrete Dam using Statistical and Machine Learning Models

Operational Modal Analysis is a reliable methodology for the assessment of civil engineering structures, allowing for the accurate definition of their dynamic behavior. Additionally, since it does not require the use of artificial excitation, it becomes a cost-effective choice for the performance of singular tests, as well as a consistent option for the long-term continuous monitoring of structures. Nevertheless, the modal characteristics of structures are affected by environmental and operational conditions, concealing the variations that could emerge due to abnormal behavior. With respect to concrete dams, factors such as temperature and the level of water in the reservoir exert a pronounced influence in the evolution of natural frequencies, increasing data variability and camouflaging the behavior that would be discerned under stable conditions. In this context, the current study seeks to examine the ability of statistical and machine learning tools to mitigate the effects of external conditions on the modal properties of concrete dams, specifically natural frequencies. To achieve this objective, the efficiency of methods incorporating measurements of variables impacting the structure, such as Multiple Linear Regressions and Neural Networks, is compared to that of tools not needing these inputs, as is the case of Principal Components Analysis and the Minimum Mean Square Error estimator. Experimental data obtained during the continuous dynamic monitoring of a concrete dam in Portugal is used as a case study.

Females on Boards and Default Risk in the Chinese Real Estate Industry

This study examines the relationship between female directors on boards and default risk in the Chinese real estate industry. While gender diversity is commonly viewed as an effective governance tool in boards to lower the risk of general market firms, we find that there is little influence with female directors in mitigating the default risk in our sample Chinese real estate firms. Nonetheless, once we partition our sample firms into state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), we observe a significant influence of female directors in lowering the default risk of non-SOEs. We further find that the significant relationship between female board representation and default risk in non-SOEs is attributed to non-SOE firms with high financial constraints and a critical mass of female directors. Our results are robust with a matched sample design, an instrumental variable approach, alternative measures of key variables, and inclusion of additional controls. Overall, our findings highlight the particular circumstances in which board gender diversity is effective in mitigating default risk in the unique environment of the Chinese real estate industry.

Analisis Kelayakan Fisik dan Pengunjung Pantai Watulawang, Gunungkidul Sebagai Destinasi Wisata Perkemahan

Gunung Kidul is one of the areas in the Special Region of Yogyakarta which has a wealth of potential natural tourism types, namely the beach cluster. This potential cannot yet be utilized optimally because destination development tends to be uniform and does not increase the length of tourist visits. The aim of this research is to assess the physical suitability and demographic data of Watulawang Beach, Gunungkidul to assess whether the beach is suitable for development as a camping destination. The method used is descriptive qualitative with primary data in the form of field observations that measure 10 variables of the physical suitability of the beach as a camping destination and interviews to determine tourist demographic data. The results of the research show that Watulawang Beach, Gunungkidul is not suitable as a camping destination because it is not suitable to meet 10 physical measurement variables and the type of tourists who visit tend to be mass tourists.

Energy transition in Poland and Spain against changes in the EU energy and climate policy

The European Union climate policy and the subsequent energy transition are expected to cause fundamental changes in individual EU countries, their economies, and industrial sectors. Furthermore, in order to achieve them, high financial outlays are essential. The main purpose of the article is to present a comparative analysis of the pace, directions, and main factors of the energy transition in Poland and Spain against the changes in the EU energy and climate policy. In particular, the subject of the study is the changes in the fuel structure of electricity generation (energy mix) and the changes in the concentration of energy generation. The analysis concentrates on Poland and Spain against the background of the group of EU27 countries. The study adopted a long-term perspective (1990–2020). The methodology used taxonomic measures of variability of structures and measures of concentration, as well as measures of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The result of the research proves that the EU common climate and energy policy has explicitly accelerated changes in the energy mix, both in the EU27 and in the studied countries, including those traditionally based on coal. The concentration analysis demonstrated an increase in diversification resulting in a significant increase in the share of renewable and low-carbon sources. The taxonomic analysis additionally proved that there was a parallel process towards making the energy mix of the studied countries more similar to the EU27. The limitation of the research is the adopted triangulation arrangement of the studied structures (EU27, EU15, countries that accessed the EU after 2004), enforced in this pilot research, but possible to expand the field of perception in subsequent research. What serves as a proof of the originality of the study is the fulfilment of research gaps in the long-term study of the degree of changes in the concentration of the energy mix structure of EU countries, and especially the study of the degree of intensity of its similarity. The application value of the study is its use in the energy policies of countries traditionally based on coal for the indication of the taken position, the goals, and ways to achieve them based on the experience of other countries.

Analysis of Bankruptcy Risk during the Pandemic on the Tendency of Financial Report Fraud through Profit Manipulation

This research aims to find empirical evidence of the link between bankruptcy risk and the tendency for fraud in financial reports through earnings manipulation during the pandemic. The measurement of the bankruptcy risk variable in this study uses the Z-Score because this model can be used by all types of companies, the earnings manipulation variable is measured using the Conditional Revenue Model because this model is better able to detect earnings management than previous measurement models, and the measurement of financial statement fraud variables in This research uses the F-Score Model because this model has higher sensitivity in detecting fraud. The results of this research found that during the pandemic, the risk of bankruptcy influenced the tendency for fraudulent financial reports through profit manipulation.

Calcium Imbalance and Hypothyroidism: Exploring the Relationship

Background: The thyroid gland synthesizes mainly two hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) which are important to maintain various functions especially metabolic, mineral and thermogenic homeostasis in body. The disorders of thyroid function especially hypothyroidism is important it can cause of disturbance in calcium metabolism by their direct action on bone turnover.Objective: This study was designed to assess the role of hypothyroidism in serum calcium levels.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done in the Laboratory Service Department, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital, Enayetpur, Sirajganj from February 2023 to June 2023. A total of 45 subjects of hypothyroidism of both sexes were selected for the purpose. Data were collected in and analysis was done by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) software. The categorical variables were represented as percentages and measurable variables as mean ± SD. Pearson’s correlation test was used to observe the correlation of calcium level with other variables. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: There is a significant positive correlation of serum T3 & T4 with serum calcium in hypothyroid patients. The r value is +0.73(p value = 0.02). (r value + 0.78and p value < 0.05) respectively. There is strong negative correlation between TSH and serum calcium levels in hypothyroid patients (r value -0.58 and p value0.03).Conclusion: This study result shows, serum calcium levels significantly decrease in hypothyroid patients. Therefore, it is important to check the level of calcium in thyroid disorders. If necessary, the supplementation of mineral should be given in order to prevent further bone complication. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 04, January 2024: 194-197.

Memory function in autoimmune encephalitis: a cross-sectional prospective study utilising multiple memory paradigms

Background and objectiveAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) is often associated with clinically significant memory impairment. This study aimed to evaluate memory in a cross-sectional prospective AE cohort using multiple memory paradigms.Methods52 patients (50% seropositive) meeting Graus criteria for possible AE were prospectively recruited between October 2019 and August 202. A comprehensive examination of memory was performed, including tests of supraspan verbal memory (list learning), logicosemantic memory (story learning), figural memory (learning of geometric designs), and verbal associative learning (verbal paired associates). Memory scores were compared to demographically adjusted normative data. Pattern analysis was conducted to assist in the identification of patterns in memory performances.ResultsMean memory scores were not significantly below the normative mean. At an individual patient level, over 20% of the cohort exhibited impaired delayed figural memory, supraspan verbal memory learning and recall. Observed performances were significantly below expected performance for story learning (p = 0.017) and recall (p = 0.003), figural recall (p < 0.0001), initial acquisition (p < 0.001) and final acquisition of a list (p < 0.001) and all delayed recall measures of the list (p < 0.00001). 54.76% of patients exhibited intact psychometrics, and 16 distinct patterns of impairment emerged, indicating variability in memory outcomes.DiscussionWhile statistical evidence for memory impairment did not emerge at an aggregate level, a proportion of patients present with evidence of abnormal memory performance on psychometrics. Variability in impaired memory measures argues for an individualised patient-focused approach to clinical assessment in AE. Future research should validate these findings with a larger sample size and explore the relationships between memory profiles and other cognitive functions.

Nonsuicidal self-injury among Chinese university students during the post-COVID-19 era: analysis of sex differences and the impact of gender role conflict.

Global centers of epidemic prevention and control have entered a new stage of normalization, namely, the "post-COVID-19 era." During the post-COVID-19 era, which is characterized by the time period following that with the most serious medical consequences, the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic began to receive worldwide attention, especially the degree of psychological distress it caused. This study explored the differential impact of gender role conflict on Chinese university students' engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a function of biological sex following the global COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 1,600 university students in northwestern China (M age = 21.3 years; 50.8% women) who completed online measures of demographic variables (including biological sex, gender role conflict, and NSSI engagement). Women reported significantly more gender role conflicts than men did, while engagement in NSSI was significantly more prevalent among men than women. A total of 262 men reported engaging in at least one NSSI behavior, resulting in a prevalence rate of 33.25%. In comparison, a total of 106 individuals reported engaging in at least one NSSI behavior, resulting in a prevalence rate of 13.05% among women. Gender role conflict was found to significantly predict university students' NSSI engagement, regardless of biological sex. This is the first empirical study to identify sex differences in both gender role conflict and engagement in NSSI among university students in Northwestern China during the post-COVID-19 era. In addition, the present study is the first to demonstrate how gender role conflict predicts engagement in NSSI across sexes. These findings will inform the literature on gender role conflict and NSSI, particularly the close relationship between gender role conflict and engagement in NSSI among Chinese university students, and they emphasize the need for continued efforts to explore NSSI cross-culturally.

Analisis Strategi Adaptasi Dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga

This study explores adaptation strategies in fulfilling the household needs of fishing families on Bajo Medang Island, Sumbawa. Bajo Medang Island is mostly inhabited by the Bajo tribe who depend on fishing for their livelihood. Fishermen on Bajo Medang Island depend on natural conditions, namely the fishing season and the lean season. This season affects the catch obtained. In the fishing season the fishermen are busy at sea, on the other hand, in the lean season fishing activities are reduced so that many fishermen are forced to be unemployed. The measurement variables include; household income, allocation of household needs and adaptation strategies carried out by household members. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) How much household income, and use it for what needs. (2) How is the community's adaptation strategy in fulfilling household needs? The research used a descriptive-exploratory quantitative method, determining the sample; the community was determined by quota sampling (rationed), namely 50 households, (10.14%) of the total population of 493 RT. While the sample was selected by stratified proportional random sampling; semi-modern (40%) and traditional (60%) fishermen. The data collection was conducted with structured interviews using questionnaires, observation and documentation. The results showed that most (73.67%) of the fishermen's household income was allocated for basic needs, while the allocation for secondary needs was 18.85% and the allocation for tertiary needs was 7.48%. The community's adaptation strategy in meeting household needs is borrowing from family and or neighbors (52%). This is done because it is easier to meet and has a close emotional relationship. While those who increase the time allocation for the main job are only 48%. This is because the timing of fishing activities depends on natural/climatic conditions.

Responses to a WEA Tornado Warning Text Message: A Health Belief Model Approach

This investigation utilized the health belief model (HBM) to examine perceptions of a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) tornado text message, in relation to secondary crisis communication and shelter-seeking intentions. Participants were presented with a mock WEA text message, followed by measures of HBM variables (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers), message perceptions (message credibility and message directness), secondary crisis communication, past tornado experience, and shelter-seeking intentions. In general, HBM variables predicted message cues, secondary crisis communication, and shelter-seeking intentions. Past experience predicted shelter-seeking intentions. Secondary crisis communication was positively correlated with shelter-seeking intentions. Implications for understanding responses to WEA tornado warnings are discussed.

Social support, psychological capital, multidimensional job burnout, and turnover intention of primary medical staff: a path analysis drawing on conservation of resources theory

BackgroundJob burnout is a prevalent and emerging challenge in the primary medical system, causing mass turnover, especially of primary medical staff. Little attention has been paid to the different dimensions of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration, and reduced sense of achievement), which may hinder efforts to tackle high turnover intention among primary medical staff. From the perspective of conservation of resources theory, social support and psychological capital are basic resources with potential to diminish job burnout and thus lower turnover intention. However, there is insufficient research evidence on the relationships between social support, psychological capital, and the three dimensions of job burnout within the primary medical system.ObjectivesFocusing on primary medical staff, this study conducts a path analysis to examine the correlations between two types of resources (social support and psychological capital) and the three dimensions of job burnout, and to test the impact of the latter on turnover intention. Based on the results, effective management strategies to improve the work stability of primary medical staff are proposed.MethodsMulti-stage cluster random sampling was used to select participants in Anhui Province, China. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing measures of the main variables and demographic questions. In total, 1132 valid questionnaires were returned by primary medical staff. Structural equation modeling was used for path analysis of the data.ResultsSocial support was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (β = − 0.088, P = 0.020), personality disintegration (β = − 0.235, P < 0.001), and reduced sense of achievement (β = − 0.075, P = 0.040). Moreover, psychological capital was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (β = − 0.079, P = 0.030), personality disintegration (β = − 0.156, P < 0.001), and reduced sense of achievement (β = − 0.432, P < 0.001). All three dimensions of job burnout positively affected turnover intention (emotional exhaustion: β = 0.246, P < 0.001; personality disintegration: β = 0.076, P = 0.040; reduced sense of achievement: β = 0.119, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of social support and psychological capital for diminishing the three dimensions of job burnout for primary medical staff and, in turn, lowering their turnover intention. Accordingly, to alleviate job burnout and improve staff retention, material and psychological supports from leaders, colleagues, family, relatives, and friends are essential, as are measures to improve the psychological energy of primary medical staff.

Fault estimation for a class of nonlinear distributed systems using the adaptive observer technique

AbstractIn this article, a fault estimation method is proposed for a class of nonlinear distributed systems, in which the adaptive observer technique is exploited to estimate the parameters related to the fault in the interconnection items. First, we consider the simple case that the interconnection items only contain measurable variables. And then the result will be extended to the case that the interconnection items contain unmeasurable variables. Due to the existing of nonlinear item, the state and parameter estimations cannot be decoupled from each other, which makes the analysis of the convergence of the state and parameter estimations much more difficult. To overcome this problem, by designing of an integral Lyapunov function, and by exploiting the converse theorem of Lyapunov, a sufficient condition for the exponential convergence of the proposed algorithm is derived. Moreover, the detail relationship between the observer gain, Lipschitz parameter of the nonlinear item and the PE level of the estimation system is also derived. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed fault identification scheme.

Engineering attributes of ground motions from February 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence

The 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence includes the 6 February M7.81 mainshock followed approximately 9 h later by an M7.74 event, and many smaller aftershocks including M6.81 and M6.37 events on 6 and 20 February, respectively. These events occurred in a region near the plate boundary of the East Anatolian Fault, in the proximity of which numerous ground motion recording stations had been installed north of the Türkiye–Syria border. As a result, the events were well recorded both near the fault and at rupture distances up to 582 km. We describe the available recordings and component-specific data processing performed with the aim of optimizing usable bandwidth. The resulting database includes 337, 365, 284, and 229 usable three-component recordings from the M7.81, M7.74, M6.81, and M6.37 events, respectively. We also present source, path, and site metadata that were compiled according to uniform protocols. Comparisons to a global ground motion model (GMM) for active tectonic regions and a local, Türkiye-specific model demonstrate the existence of complex path effects that result in relatively poor fits between the GMMs and observed data at large distances (generally R JB &gt; 200 km). Under-predictions at some stations may be influenced by directivity and/or basin effects that affect the ground motions but that are not accounted for directly in the GMMs. We present analysis of spatial variability of several intensity measures. The residual maps produced from these analyses demonstrate that the global GMM overpredicts on the Anatolian block and underpredicts on the Arabian block, which is suggestive of distinct crustal attenuation features.

Partial privatisation and green innovation in China: The role of industrial context and regional development

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between partial privatisation (i.e., state ownership reduction) and green innovation in China. Employing a large dataset of 36,072 firm‐year observations between 2005 and 2022, we document a positively significant association between partial privatisation and green innovation, suggesting that privatisation promotes green innovation in Chinese firms. Further analyses shows that the relationship is stronger for firms in environmentally sensitive industries and those located in more developed regions. Our main finding is robust to the alternative measurement of variables and endogeneity concerns using the propensity score matching (PSM), firm‐fixed effects and the system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach. Finally, we document that green innovation in privatised firms yields superior performance. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of privatisation in the quest for low‐carbon emissions in China by promoting green innovation.

The neurovascular unit and its correlation with cognitive performance in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a canonical correlation analysis approach

Growing evidence indicates an important role of neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Individually measurable functions of the NVU have been correlated with cognitive function, but a combined analysis is lacking. We aimed to perform a unified analysis of NVU function and its relation with cognitive performance. The relationship between NVU function in the white matter and cognitive performance (both latent variables composed of multiple measurable variables) was investigated in 73 patients with cSVD (mean age 70 ± 10 years, 41% women) using canonical correlation analysis. MRI-based NVU function measures included (1) the intravoxel incoherent motion derived perfusion volume fraction (f) and microvascular diffusivity (D*), reflecting cerebral microvascular flow; (2) the IVIM derived intermediate volume fraction (fint), indicative of the perivascular clearance system; and (3) the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI derived blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage rate (Ki) and leakage volume fraction (VL), reflecting BBB integrity. Cognitive performance was composed of 13 cognitive test scores. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the latent variables NVU function and cognitive performance (r 0.73; p = 0.02). For the NVU, the dominating variables were D*, fint, and Ki. Cognitive performance was driven by multiple cognitive tests comprising different cognitive domains. The functionality of the NVU is correlated with cognitive performance in cSVD. Instead of focusing on individual pathophysiological mechanisms, future studies should target NVU dysfunction as a whole to acquire a coherent understanding of the complex disease mechanisms that occur in the NVU in cSVD.Trial registration: NTR3786 (Dutch Trial Register).

Endocannabinoid levels in female-sexed individuals with diagnosed depression: a systematic review

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental health disorder with females experiencing higher rates of depression (11.6%), anxiety (15.7%) and physiological distress (14.5%) than males. Recently, the Endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been proposed to be a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis and symptom severity of MDD due to its role in neurotransmitter production, inflammatory response and even regulation of the female reproductive cycle. This review critically evaluates evidence regarding ECS levels in female-sexed individuals with depressive disorders to further understand ECS role.Materials and methodsA systematic literature review of available research published prior to April 2022 was identified using PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, AMED and Scopus (Elsevier). Studies were included if they reported ECS analysis of female-sexed individuals with depression and were excluded if they did not differentiate results between sexes, assessed mental health conditions other than depression, tested efficacy of endocannabinoid/n-acylethanolamine/cannabis or marijuana administration and that were unable to be translated. Critical appraisal of each included study was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews.ResultsThe 894 located citations were screened for duplicates (n = 357) and eligibility by title and abstract (n = 501). The full text of 33 studies were reviewed, and 7 studies were determined eligible for inclusion. These studies indicated that depressed female-sexed individuals have altered levels of ECS however no significant pattern was identified due to variability of study outcomes and measures, limiting overall interpretation.DiscussionThis review suggests potential involvement of ECS in underlying mechanisms of MDD in female sexed-individuals, however no pattern was able to be determined. A major contributor to the inability to attain reliable and valid understanding of the ECS levels in female-sexed individuals with depression was the inconsistency of depression screening tools, inclusion criteria’s and analysis methods used to measure eCBs. Future studies need to implement more standardised methodology to gain a deeper understanding of ECS in female-sexed individuals with depressive disorders.Trial registration This review was submitted to PROSPERO for approval in April 2022 (Registration #CRD42022324212).

24-h continuous non-invasive multiparameter home monitoring of vitals in patients with Rett syndrome by an innovative wearable technology: evidence of an overlooked chronic fatigue status.

Sleep is disturbed in Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare and progressive neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting female patients (prevalence 7.1/100,000 female patients) linked to pathogenic variations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction with a predominance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) over the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is reported in RTT, along with exercise fatigue and increased sudden death risk. The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of a continuous 24 h non-invasive home monitoring of the biological vitals (biovitals) by an innovative wearable sensor device in pediatric and adolescent/adult RTT patients. A total of 10 female patients (mean age 18.3 ± 9.4 years, range 4.7-35.5 years) with typical RTT and MECP2 pathogenic variations were enrolled. Clinical severity was assessed by validated scales. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and skin temperature (SkT) were monitored by the YouCare Wearable Medical Device (Accyourate Group SpA, L'Aquila, Italy). The average percentage of maximum HR (HRmax%) was calculated. Heart rate variability (HRV) was expressed by consolidated time-domain and frequency-domain parameters. The HR/LF (low frequency) ratio, indicating SNS activation under dynamic exercise, was calculated. Simultaneous continuous measurement of indoor air quality variables was performed and the patients' contributions to the surrounding water vapor partial pressure [PH2O (pt)] and carbon dioxide [PCO2 (pt)] were indirectly estimated. Of the 6,559.79 h of biovital recordings, 5051.03 h (77%) were valid for data interpretation. Sleep and wake hours were 9.0 ± 1.1 h and 14.9 ± 1.1 h, respectively. HRmax % [median: 71.86% (interquartile range 61.03-82%)] and HR/LF [median: 3.75 (interquartile range 3.19-5.05)] were elevated, independent from the wake-sleep cycle. The majority of HRV time- and frequency-domain parameters were significantly higher in the pediatric patients (p ≤ 0.031). The HRV HR/LF ratio was associated with phenotype severity, disease progression, clinical sleep disorder, subclinical hypoxia, and electroencephalographic observations of multifocal epileptic activity and general background slowing. Our findings indicate the feasibility of a continuous 24-h non-invasive home monitoring of biovital parameters in RTT. Moreover, for the first time, HRmax% and the HR/LF ratio were identified as potential objective markers of fatigue, illness severity, and disease progression.

Gender matters: board gender diversity and firms’ export resilience

This study investigates the impact of board gender diversity on the export resilience of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2015. Our findings indicate that board gender diversity significantly enhances firms’ export resilience. The results remain robust across various modifications, including adjustments to the sample period, exclusion of extreme values, utilization of alternative measures for critical variables, addressing endogeneity concerns by adding fixed effects and employing the sex ratio at birth as an instrumental variable. Mechanism tests reveal that enhancing the quality of export products, expanding export diversity, and improving corporate reputation are crucial pathways through which board gender diversity can bolster firms’ export resilience. Finally, heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect is more pronounced in older firms and those with higher board educational backgrounds. This effect is also more prominent in firms located in provinces with higher levels of non-state economic and product market development.