Fasting Blood Glucose Measurements Research Articles

Gambaran Pemeriksaan Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester II Dan III

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition of glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy which is detected by examining blood glucose levels. This study aims to measure fasting blood glucose levels in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at RSIA Sayyidah, East Jakarta based on certain characteristics.. Using the GOD-PAP method and this type of research is descriptive quantitative and uses a probability sampling technique with a simple random sampling method. The sample in this study amounted to 37 women. The results of the study obtained 15 (53.57%) pregnant women aged 22-29 years and 13 (46.43%) aged 30-38 years with a total of 28 women in the non-GDM risk category and the results of the study showed that they were in the GDM risk category at the age of 21-29 years as many as 5 (55.56%) and at the age of 32-35 years as many as 4 (44.44%) with a total of 9 women. The conclusion of this study was that fasting blood sugar levels in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at RSIA Sayyidah, East Jakarta ranged from 70-238 mg/dL.

Exercise combined with heat treatment improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats

Insulin resistance is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Thus, finding a safe, effective and economical strategy to treat insulin resistance is urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise combined with heat treatment on the insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Obese rats were induced by a 10-week high-fat diet and were randomly divided into normal temperature + control (NC), normal temperature + exercise (NE), heat treatment + control (HC) and heat treatment + exercise (HE) groups for 7 weeks of incremental load endurance exercise and heat treatment (exposure to a high-temperature environment room). At the end of the 7-week intervention, we measured fasting blood glucose, serum fasting insulin, serum leptin, serum adiponectin, protein expression of HSF1/HSP27 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in soleus (primarily composed of slow-twitch fibres) and extensor digitorum longus (primarily composed of fast-twitch fibres) muscles. The results showed that exercise combined with heat treatment can effectively improve insulin resistance by regulating HSF1/HSP27 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the slow-twitch muscle of DIO rats. Importantly, exercise combined with heat treatment is more effective in improving insulin resistance in DIO rats than exercise or heat treatment alone. Low-moderate intensity exercise that stimulates slow-twitch muscle, combined with heat treatment is an effective strategy to treat insulin resistance.

Kruppel benzeri faktör 2 polimorfizmlerinin koroner arter hastalığı riski ile ilişkisi

Purpose: Coronary artery disease is defined as complications that develop in proportion to the prevalence of ischemia due to occlusion of the coronary arteries and the resulting cell death. The development of atherosclerosis is significantly influenced by endothelial cell dysfunction. Kruppel-like factor 2, a transcription factor, has been shown to regulate critical biological events in endothelial biology, such as vascular tone, migration, proliferation, vasoreactivity, and angiogenesis. In our study, it was aimed to clarify the relationship between coronary artery disease and Kruppel-like factor 2 protein levels and C1239A polymorphisms.
 Materials and Methods: 191 individuals who underwent coronary angiography at Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Health, Research and Application Center were included in the study. Measurements of serum fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were performed on the AU5800 (Beckman Coulter, United States) autoanalyzer. Serum LDL levels were calculated using the Friedwald equation. Serum Kruppel-like factor 2 protein levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay method on the Multiskan GO (Thermo Scientific, Finland) device. Kruppel-like factor 2 C1239A variations were detected on the Applied Biosystem VIIA™ 7 Real-Time PCR (Life Technologies Co., United States) device by TaqMan® single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method.
 Results: Men had a 3.8-fold higher risk of CAD than women. (Odd’s ratio 3.83, 95% Confidence interval 1.98-7.39; p

Brief analysis of Therapeutic Approaches of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus along with Diagnosis and Screening Methods

Diabetes is an endocrine system disease which is characterized by abnormal elevated glucose levels. Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder with early onset, whereas Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is non-autoimmune form with late onset. Small and large artery complications are the two main categories of diabetes mellitus long term complications. Overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to oxidative stress, occurs because of pathogenic effects of hyperglycemia. New vessels are fragile and hyper permeable in case of retinopathy in T1DM. T1DM is known to be occurred by beta cell destruction which leads to hyperglycemia and insulin scantiness. In phase 3 T1DM is normally diagnosed, the stage at which the disorder has led to life threatening condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. To minimize the possibility of serious complication it is necessary to diagnose autoimmunity which is present during first years of life through early screening or by using diagnostic tools. Measuring fasting blood glucose or standard OGTT’s are performed for screening of phase 2 T1DM in the persons which have 1 or more autoantibodies targeting β-cell. The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus is necessary to encourage healthy lifestyle and to control glycaemia conditions in order to avoid severe complication. Pharmacological approaches are the most widely used method for the treatment of T1DM including injectable insulin and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Gene therapy and stem cellbased therapies. These are supposed to help in providing life-time freedom from T1DM but there is still a room for debate in this regard.

Comparison of Anterior Segment Parameters in Obese Children And Healthy Control Group

Objective:: To evaluate anterior segment parameters in obese children
 Material and methods: 55 obese and 30 control group children subjects participated. All participants and the control group were examined and anthropometric measurements were made. The measurements of fasting blood glucose(FBG), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and insulin values were performed. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) was calculated. Each participant underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination and IOP, CCT, ACD and LT were measured.
 Results: The gender distribution of the groups was similar (p=0.893). The mean of CCT and LT were significantly higher in the obese group (572.9 ± 14.5 vs. 559.5 ± 10.1 µm, p=0.001; 3.6 ± 0.14 vs. 3.48 ± 0.25 mm, p=0.007) . No significant difference was found between the obese and control groups in terms of other parameters. BMI and WC had a significant negative correlation with LT control groups. The obese group showed a significant positive correlation between IOP and TG (r=0.276, p=0.042), and a significant negative correlation with HDL-C (r=-0.273, p=0.043). In the control group, there was a significant positive correlation between IOP and BMI (r=0.389, p=0.034), WC (r=0.497, p=0.005), HOMA-IR (r=0.384, p=0.036), Insulin (r=0.407, p=0.026), and a significant negative correlation with TC (r=-0.511, p=0.004). A significantly positive correlation between ACD and LDL-C (r=0.371, p=0.043) and a significantly negative correlation between HOMA-IR in the control group were detected (r=-0.682, p=0.000).
 Conclusion: The obese group had higher CCT and LT than the control groups.

1622-P: Complex Mechanisms Underlie the Antidiabetic Effect of Tempol in Experimentally Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a vastly growing worldwide health problem which imposes public health, social, as well as economic burden. Multifactorial and complicated pathophysiological pathways may underlie DM. Attention has been given for the search of polymodal therapeutic molecules. Herein, we tested the capacity of tempol, a known superoxide dismutase-mimetic in the treatment of experimentally induced DM. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were equally divided into: 1- Control group (rats received a single intra-peritoneal injection of citrate buffer for 4 weeks), 2- Untreated diabetic group, and 3- Tempol treated diabetic group. At the end of the study blood samples were collected for the measurement of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, liver function, kidney function, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory markers. Pancreas, skeletal muscles, and liver were removed for histopathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR studies. Treatment with tempol significantly improved glycemic status, insulin secretion, sensitivity and reserve. Tempol preserved both liver and kidney functions. Tempol also significantly enhanced energy status, and countered structural changes, inflammation, and apoptosis of pancreatic tissue. Tempol significantly upregulated pancreatic AMPK, and skeletal muscle and hepatic glucose transporters. Interestingly, tempol demonstrated an endogenous stem cells recruitment capacity. In conclusion, tempol exhibited a potential capacity to counter the complexity of the underlying mechanisms in DM. Disclosure Y.Naguib: None.

Association between breast nodules, anxiety, depression and metabolic risk factors in a Chinese cohort.

The relationship between anxiety, depression, and metabolic parameters and the incidence of breast nodules is unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between female breast nodules and anxiety, depression and metabolic factors. This cross-sectional study recruited 857 individuals with biological indicators and breast ultrasound data from the Daping hospital from April 2021 to February 2022. Serum samples were used to measure fasting blood glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess the level of anxiety and depression. The positive rate of breast nodules in women aged 40 to 49 years old was significantly higher than that of other age women. The proportion of participants aged 40-49 years old in the group with breast nodules was significantly higher than that in the group without breast nodules (34.6% vs. 16.9%, p<0.001). Breast nodules in postmenopausal women were significantly lower than those in premenopausal women (26.4% vs. 73.6%, p = 0.026). The SAS scores of women with breast nodules were higher than those of the no-nodules group (40.99 ± 8.45 vs. 38.94 ± 6.89, p<0.001), same as the SDS scores (41.97 ± 10.33 vs. 38.91 ± 7.60, p < 0.001). The number of women suffering from anxiety in the group of breast nodules was significantly higher than that in control (13.8% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001), and the number of depression in the group of breast nodules was also significantly higher than that of in control (14.4% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Women with breast nodules showed a slightly lower uric acid level than those without breast nodules (290.11 ± 65.32 vs. 301.43 ± 65.93 umol/L, p = 0.016). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, menopausal status, anxiety and depression status were significantly associated with the presence of breast nodules, but there was no significant difference in uric acid. Our findings offer insight into the occurrence of depression and anxiety in the breast nodules of Chinese women. Anxiety and depression status, age and menopausal status may be the independent risk factors for the occurrence of breast nodules.

Diyabetik Gebelerde HbA1c ve Glukoz Düzeylerinin Doğum Ağırlığı Tahmininde Kullanılması

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of baby birth weight estimation in relation to HbA1c levels of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). &#x0D; Material and Methods: 105 patients who met the criteria agreed to participate in our study, of whom 7 were type 1 DM and 32 were type 2 DM. The pregnancy history of the patients who agreed to participate was obtained with a lot of demographic information as well as weight gains during pregnancy, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels.&#x0D; Results: Fasting glucose values were measured at 28 and 32 weeks of gestation. The blood glucose values that we measured one hour after satiation and HbA1c were higher in the PDGM group than in the GDM group. There was no significant difference between weight gain and BMI values. We used ROC curve analysis to test the predictive power of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels or weight gain during pregnancy in our patients with GDM for LGA babies(LGA) (AUC: 0.663, %95 CI [0.526, 0.800], AUC: 0.678, %95 CI [0.540, 0.816], AUC: 0.677, %95 CI [0.548, 0.805], respectively).In addition, ROC analysis was used in evaluating fasting blood glucose measurements, 1-hour postprandial blood glucose measurements, and HbA1c levels to predict LGA.(AUC: 0.889, %95 CI [0.782, 0.996], AUC: 0.893, %95 CI [0.737, 1.000], AUC:0.931, %95 CI [0.807, 1.000], respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: In both healthy people and pregnant women, it is important to keep blood glucose levels within normal limits. In pregnant women diagnosed with PDGM or GDM, this is even more important as the welfare of the baby is considered. LGA deliveries can be avoided in pregnant women with PDGM by close monitoring of postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Close monitoring of GWG is also beneficial in the follow-up of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.

The prevalence of underweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents with major depressive disorder and relationship with suicidal ideation and attempted suicide.

The high rates of obesity and suicide have become serious public health problems worldwide, especially in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). This research aimed to explore the rates of underweight, overweight or obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in hospitalized children and adolescents with MDD. Then, we analyzed the correlation between underweight or obesity and suicidal ideation and attempted suicide, and finally obtained the independent influencing factors of underweight or obesity. A total of 757 subjects in the Third People's Hospital of Fuyang from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. According to the underweight, overweight and obesity screening table for school-age children and adolescents published and implemented by the health industry standard of China, all subjects were divided into different body mass index (BMI) categories. We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels in all subjects and assessed suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and the severity of depressive symptoms. The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 22.0. The rates of underweight, overweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were 8.2% (62/757), 15.5% (117/757), 10.4% (79/757), 17.2% (130/757), and 9.9% (75/757), respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that BMIs level was positively correlated with age, age of first hospitalization, total duration of disease, number of hospitalizations, FBG, TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL (low density lipoprotein), and negatively correlated with HDL (high density lipoprotein). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male and high level of HDL were risk factors for MDD inpatients with underweight, while high level of TG was a protective factor. Meanwhile, higher levels of FBG, TG and CGI-S were risk factors and suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressant drugs were protective factors for obesity in children and adolescents with MDD. The prevalence of underweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were high in children and adolescents with MDD, and severe depressive symptoms are independent risk factors for obesity, while suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressants may be protective factors for obesity.

Total Prostate Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer Screening in Hyperglycemic Individuals.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the reliability of total prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) in prostate cancer screening in hyperglycemic (≥126 mg/dL) individuals. This research was planned as a cross-sectional retrospective study. Three hundred eleven cases which underwent biopsy with the suspicion of prostate cancer in the hospital were included in the study. Prostate cancer risk groups were categorized as low, intermediate and high. Those with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels lower than 126 mg/dL were considered as the normoglycemia group. It was determined that the t-PSA measurement was higher in the patient group with cancer (P < .001). It was determined that the median t-PSA levels of the intermediate and high cancer groups were higher than the low cancer group (P < .001 and P=.001, respectively). t-PSA was found to be associated with increased cancer risk in cases with FBG <126. However, an increase in t-PSA values in cases with FBG ≥126 was not associated with increased prostate cancer. There is no relationship between FBG measurement and t-PSA measurement (rs=0.05, P=.446). In addition, it was determined that the t-PSA measurements of patients with FBG ≥126 and FBG<126 did not differ (P=.962). As a contribution to literature, we found that the t-PSA test lost its sensitivity in cases with plasma glucose levels above normal. Loss of sensitivity may result in underdiagnosis in prostate cancer and this, in turn, results in diagnosis of the cancer at a later stage. In the future, it may be necessary to adopt a different approach in prostate cancer screening in hyperglycemic cases.

Rural-urban differentials of prevalence and lifestyle determinants of pre-diabetes and diabetes among the elderly in southwest China

BackgroundDiabetes has become a major public health problem in China. A better understanding of diabetes determinants and urban-rural differences is essential to crafting targeted diabetes prevention measures for the elderly living in both urban and rural areas. This study aimed to compare rural-urban differentials in prevalence and lifestyle determinants of pre-diabetes and diabetes among the elderly in southwest China.MethodsA cross-sectional health interview and examination survey was conducted among individuals aged ≥ 60 years in both a rural and urban area of China. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumference, as well as blood pressure and fasting blood glucose measurements were taken. Associated risk factors for pre-diabetes and diabetes were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 1,624 urban residents and 1,601 rural residents consented to participate in the study. The urban prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes (46.8% and 24.7%, respectively), was higher than the rural prevalence (23.4% and 11.0%, respectively, P<0.01). Urban elderly participants had markedly higher prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and physical inactivity than their rural counterparts (15.3%, 76.0%, and 9.2% vs. 4.6%, 45.6%, and 6.1%, P<0.01). In contrast, rural elderly adults had higher prevalence of smoking than urban ones (23.2% vs. 17.2%, P<0.01). Obese (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.27–2.30 vs. OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.30–3.28) and centrally obese participants (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18–2.15 vs. OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.32–2.54) were more likely to suffer from diabetes in both urban and rural regions. Furthermore, urban current smokers had a higher probability of suffering from diabetes (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.11–2.25), while hypertension was positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes in the rural area (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.54–2.95). Obese participants in the rural area were more likely to suffer from pre-diabetes (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.53–4.08), while physical inactivity was positively associated with prevalence of pre-diabetes in the urban area (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.37–2.80).ConclusionPre-diabetes and diabetes are more prevalent among urban older adults than their rural counterparts in southwest China. The identified rural-urban differentials of lifestyle factors have significant impacts on prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes. Thus, tailored lifestyle interventions are needed to improve diabetes prevention and management among the elderly in southwest China.

Normal β-Cell Glut2 Expression Is not Required for Regulating Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Systemic Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) is expressed in the pancreatic β-cell, intestine, liver, and kidney in mice. Although GLUT2 is considered as a major regulator of insulin secretion, in vivo contribution of β-cell Glut2 to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and systemic glucose homeostasis is undefined. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the role of β-cell Glut2 in regulating insulin secretion and blood glucose levels in mice. We produced mice in which we can knock down Glut2 at a desired time specifically in β-cells (β-Glut2 KD) by crossing Glut2LoxP/LoxP mice with Ins1CreERT2 mouse strain and using the Cre-Lox recombination technique. We measured fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the β-Glut2 KD mice. We used qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence to validate the deficiency of β-cell Glut2 in β-Glut2 KD mice. We report that both male and female β-Glut2 KD mice have normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, the β-Glut2 KD mice exhibit normal fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance. The β-Glut2 KD mice have upregulated GLUT1 in islets. Our findings demonstrate that normal β-cell Glut2 expression is not essential for regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and systemic glucose homeostasis in mice. Therefore, the currently assumed role of β-cell GLUT2 in regulating insulin secretion and blood glucose levels needs to be recalibrated. This will allow an opportunity to determine the contribution of other β-cell glucose transporters or factors whose normal expression may be necessary for mediating glucose stimulated insulin secretion.

Characterization of perioperative glycemic status and dexamethasone use with associated postoperative complications in glioblastoma patients.

Postoperative morbidity in glioblastoma (GBM) patients can be due to the disease course but can also come from postoperative complications. Our objective was to study the association of dexamethasone use and perioperative hyperglycemia with postoperative complications in GBM patients. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients who underwent surgery for primary GBM from 2014-2018. Patients with perioperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements and adequate follow-up to assess for complications were included. A total of 199 patients were included. More than half (53%) had poor perioperative glycemic control (FBG ≥ 7mM for ≥ 20% perioperative days). Higher dexamethasone dose (≥ 8mg) was associated with higher FBG on postoperative days 2-4 and 5 (p = 0.02,0.05,0.004,0.02, respectively). Poor glycemic control was associated with increased odds of 30-day any complication and 30-day infection on univariate analysis (UVA), and 30-day any complication and increased length of stay (LOS) on multivariate analysis (MVA). Higher average perioperative daily dexamethasone dose was associated with increased odds of 30-day any complication and 30-day infection on MVA. Elevated hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c, ≥ 6.5%) was associated with increased odds of 30-day any complication, 30-day infection, and LOS on UVA. In a multivariate linear regression model, only the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus predicted perioperative hyperglycemia. Perioperative hyperglycemia, higher average dexamethasone use and elevated preoperative HgbA1c are associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in GBM patients. Avoiding hyperglycemia and limiting dexamethasone use in postoperative period may decrease the risk of complications. Select HgbA1c screening may allow the identification of a group of patients at higher risk of complications.

The relationship between physical activity and diabetes in middle-aged and elderly people.

To investigate the association between diabetes symptoms and physical activity (PA) levels among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data for this study were obtained from 2018 Charles data. Z test, logistic regression analysis, and linear hierarchical regression analysis were performed in 5352 individuals aged ≥50 years with complete information. In terms of diabetes, 6.8% of the middle-aged and elderly people with diabetes were detected, and 93.2% of the middle-aged and elderly people without diabetes symptoms. The proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with high PA levels was 50.5%, and the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with low PA was 49.5%. There was a significant positive correlation between low PA and diabetes (P < .05). After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, registered permanent residence type, education level, age, widowhood) and health status characteristics (poor mood, asthma, hyperlipidemia, disability, memory disease, self-assessment of health status, hypertension, smoking, stroke, depression), there was still a statistical significance between PA level and diabetes (P < .05). The risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people in China increases with age, while the risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people with low level of PA is higher. The risk of diabetes is high among middle-aged and elderly people who are old, have poor self-evaluation health, suffer from hyperlipidemia, memory disease, and asthma. The middle-aged and old people should increase their PA levels to prevent and improve diabetes.

Effectiveness and safety of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (MUSKARDIA) in patients with stable coronary artery disease and concomitant diabetes mellitus: a subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Preliminary studies have indicated that Shexiang Baoxin Pill (MUSKARDIA) has a coronary artery dilation effect and increases the coronary blood flow, relieving the symptoms of angina. To evaluate the benefit of MUSKARDIA on patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase IV trial. CAD patients with a medical history of DM or baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L were grouped according to the treatment (standard therapy plus MUSKARDIA or placebo). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which was the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. The secondary outcome was the composite outcome of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, and coronary angioplasty. MACEs occurred in 2.6% (9/340) and 4.8% (18/376) of patients in the MUSKARDIA and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.192). Secondary composite outcome was significantly less frequent with MUSKARDIA than with placebo (15.3% [52/340] vs. 22.6% [85/376], P = 0.017). Risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-1.57) was comparable between two groups. In patients with uncontrolled DM (≥4 measurements of FBG ≥7 mmol/L in five times of follow-up), the risk of secondary outcome was significantly lower with MUSKARDIA (5/83, 6.0%) than with placebo (15/91, 16.5%) (HR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13-0.95). As an add-on to standard therapy, MUSKARDIA shows a trend of reduced MACEs in patients with stable CAD and DM. Furthermore, MUSKARDIA may reduce the frequency of all-cause death, hospitalization, and coronary angioplasty in this population, especially in those with uncontrolled DM. ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR-TRC-12003513.

Effects of Vincamine on Testicular Dysfunction in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Male Rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently linked with problems of several organ systems, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Additionally, patients have changes in sexual functioning, such as decreased libido and fertility. Vincamine, a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, has hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. This research assessed the impact of vincamine on testicular dysfunction in alloxan-induced male rats by measuring fasting blood glucose, oxidative stress, seminal analysis, and histological examination of the testis. Wister-albino male rats were randomized into the following groups at random: Untreated-healthy, untreated-DM, vincamine-treated (20 mg/kg) DM, vincamine-treated (40 mg/kg) DM, and clomiphene-treated DM (5 mg/kg). On day 14, rats were sacrificed, and semen/blood samples were collected. Sperm count, motility, and morphological abnormalities were noted by microscopic examination. The testis was examined histopathologically and assessed using Johnsen's score. Compared with the untreated diabetic group, a dosage of 40 mg/kg vincamine generate a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBG). Compared with the untreated diabetic group, the vincamine-treated rats produced greater plasma testosterone levels and Johnsen scores. In the vincamine 20 mg/kg group, sperm concentration was higher than in the vincamine 40 mg/kg group. It is possible that vincamine has a potential preventive effect against diabetes-related reproductive problems attributable to its antioxidant activity and capacity to restore testicular steroidogenesis.

The Effect of Aspirin on HbA1c Assay Among Diabetic Hypertensive Patients Attending Abu Aqulah Centre in Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan

<i>Background and Objective:</i> Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world, and its prevalence has increased dramatically in the last century until it reached approximately 422 million in the world. The increase in disease has lead to a decrease in production and an increase in financial costs for patients, several methods were taken to diagnose diabetes millets such as glucose tolerance and fasting glucose measurement until the Ministry of World Health approved in 2011 that hemoglobin A1c is suitable for diagnosing and controlling diabetes. But some studies indicated Hemoglobin A1c is affected by aspirin and other factors that can give false results and affect diagnosis or monitoring. So this Cross-Sectional study was conducted and the aim to study the effect of aspirin on hemoglobin A1c among diabetic hypertensive, to determine the effect of aspirin, age, sex and fasting glucose on HbA1c concentration. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> ichroma was used for measuring HbA1c and colorimeter for measuring fasting blood glucose. Questionnaire for age and sex, the venous sample were collected in (EDTA) Ethlyine Di amin tetra acetic acid for HbA1c measuring and fluoride oxalate for fasting measuring. The study was done at Wad Madni and included 100 patients with diabetes and hypertension, 50 of them used aspirin, while the other 50 did not use aspirin. <i>Results:</i> The result of the study was increased in HbA1c in patient use aspirin more than 2 years HbA1c mean was (9.7) and less in patient use aspirin less than 2 years HbA1c mean (9.4), p value (0.048). The comparison between male and female the HbA1c was more in female (10.6) than male (9.2), p value (0.045) also HbA1c associated with BMI and fasting glucose. The statistically package for social studies (SPSS) version 20 programs was used for the analysis of data. Relative risk and odd ratio also should be calculated was used for statistical analysis. <i>Conclusion:</i> The level of HbA1c is increase with aspirin using and associated with fasting blood glucose and BMI. And female have high level of HbA1c than male. The age of patient not effect on HbA1c level.

A Survey on Relation of Menopause to Metabolic Syndrome - SAFOMS STUDY (South Asian Federation of Menopause Societies) - Interim Analysis.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a spectrum of disorders that includes dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. South Asian Indians are more prone to harbor MS at a younger age compared to Caucasians. However, there is a lack of large-scale data correlating menopause to MS in South Asian settings. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MS and its components in pre- and postmenopausal women. It also assessed the relationship of age, menopausal status, personal and family history, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical markers to MS. It was an interim analysis of a multicountry cross-sectional study in the South Asian Federation of Menopause Society (SAFOMS) countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka conducted through both online and physical methods. The survey questionnaire consisted of questions about details of personal history, demographics, and family history related to MS. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, basal metabolic index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure readings were noted. Relevant history, history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and vasomotor symptoms were enquired. Biochemical evaluation of markers associated with MS was undertaken. In this interim analysis, 638 women were recruited. Out of them, 406 (63.6%) women were premenopausal and 232 (36.4%) were postmenopausal. 392 (61.4%) women had MS, while 246 (38.6%) women did not have MS. Increasing age, BMI, and visceral adiposity (waist circumference) were significantly correlated with incidence of MS. Raised fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, serum triglyceride, and reduced high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with the incidence of MS in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Peri- and postmenopausal hot flashes, night sweats, and sleep disturbances were also significantly associated with MS. Personal history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were the strongest factors to be associated with MS with a significantly high odds ratio. The study has highlighted the role of BMI and waist circumference as the first warning signs, which will encourage to go for regular biochemical screening through lipid profile and fasting blood glucose measurements. Our study is a stepping stone for all future studies for relation of menopause to MS.

Characteristics of diabetes mellitus patients in Turkey: An analysis of national electronic health records.

It was estimated that there were 537 million people with diabetes mellitus in 2021, representing 10.5% of the global adult population. Diabetes prevalence in Turkey is 13.5%, according to a meta-analysis and 17.3% according to a recent study. Although the primary purpose of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is clinical, researchers can use them to conduct epidemiologic investigations. This study aims to document the prevalence of diabetes and to evaluate the healthcare utilization of people with diabetes compared to the people without diabetes, based on national EHR. Only people over 14 years old were included in the analysis. Our criteria for being diabetic were 1) having an HbA1c over 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), 2) having a prescription with DM diagnosis, ICD-10 codes E10-E14, or 3) having at least two fasting blood glucose measurements over 126 mg/dl. At the end of 2020, there were 7,178,674 individuals with diabetes, with 11.12% prevalence, 13.10% in women while 9.12% in men. Age-adjusted healthcare facility admission per capita was 15.5 for people with diabetes, 9.5 for people without diabetes, while the number of prescriptions was 7.9 for people with diabetes while 4.5 for people without diabetes in 2019. The mean number of prescriptions containing antidiabetics was 2.88 per person with diabetes in 2019. Approximately 11% of Turkish people have diagnosed with diabetes. We estimate that about one-third of people with diabetes are undiagnosed and the majority of these people are men. The results show that such large databases have the capability of supplying a vast amount of information to the scientific community.

PS-C01-4: ASSOCIATIONS OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS ONSET AGE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES RISK: A LARGE-SCALE CHINESE COHORT STUDY

Objective: To explore the associations between arterial stiffness (AS) onset age and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. Design and Method: This study enrolled 22,588 participants free of T2DM at baseline. All participants take an annual physical examination from 2012 to 2016, with fasting blood glucose and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurements. Cox proportional model was used to investigate the association between AS onset age and T2DM risk. Sex specific analysis was also performed, as well as examining the association between early vascular aging (EVA), normal vascular aging (NVA), supernormal vascular aging (SUPERNOVA) onset age, and diabetes risk. Results: Totalling 757 (3.4%) participants were diagnosed with T2DM. Compared with participants free of AS in each specific age group, the earlier AS onset age was more strongly associated with T2DM risk, especially for the middle age, with the fully adjusted hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 4.63 (2.79, 7.67) for AS onset age at 50. Similar results were observed both in males and females, with the fully adjusted HR and 95% CI of 4.54 (2.60, 7.93) for males and 4.86 (1.48, 16.01) for females, with AS onset age at 50. Such association was also observed in the exploration of EVA, NVA, and SUPERNOVA onset age and incident T2DM risk. Conclusions: This study revealed that middle-aged onset of AS was more significantly associated with a higher risk of T2DM. Early screening of AS, especially in middle age, may assist in T2DM detection and postpone diabetic vascular complications developing.