Measures Of Body Fat Research Articles

The 24-h profile of the DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is associated with age, TNF-α, and waist circumference in healthy adults

It is unknown how the DNA repair enzyme OGG1 relates to healthy aging in humans, in particular to inflammaging, that is associated with increased levels of TNF-α. This study aimed (1) to investigate how 24-h profiles for OGG1 change during healthy aging and (2) to analyze the relationship of OGG1 with TNF-α, central body fat, cortisol and oxidative DNA/RNA damage. In a cross-sectional study in 20 healthy older and 20 young women, salivary levels of OGG1, TNF-α, cortisol and oxidative DNA/RNA damage were quantified by ELISAs every 4 h for a 24-h period. Trunk circumferences were taken as measures of central body fat. Older women, compared to young women, exhibited significantly lower protein levels of OGG1 throughout the whole 24-h period, a 2.5 times lower 24-h mean level for OGG1 (P < 0.00001) and loss of 24-h variation of OGG1. Both age groups demonstrated significant 24-h variation for TNF-alpha, cortisol and oxidative damage. The 24-h mean level for TNF-α was more than twice as high in older compared to young women (P = 0.011). Regression analysis detected that age, TNF-α and waist circumference were negative significant predictors of OGG1, explaining 56% of variance of OGG1 (P < 0.00001), while levels of cortisol and oxidative damage were no predictors of OGG1. Results indicate a strong decrease of protein levels of OGG1 and a loss of 24-h variation during natural cellular aging. The negative relationship, found between OGG1 and TNF-α and between OGG1 and waist circumference, suggests involvement of proinflammatory processes in DNA repair.

Body Fat Distribution, Fat-Free Mass and Cardiovascular Function in the UK Biobank

BackgroundWe evaluated the independent associations of body composition measures on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and pulse wave arterial stiffness index (PWASI).MethodsThe present analysis included 23,258 individuals (mean age 63 years, 53% women) who participated in the whole body imaging sub-study of the UK Biobank. Associations of body composition measures with each of LVEF and PWASI, after mutual adjustment for one another and potential confounders, were determined using multivariable linear regression.ResultsAmong regional body fat measures, higher visceral fat (VAT) was associated with lower LVEF (β = − 0.45; 95% CI − 0.60, − 0.31 per SD) and higher PWASI (β = 0.51; 95% CI 0.38–0.65 per SD). The association between VAT and LVEF was negatively linear but positively linear for PWASI throughout the range of VAT measured. Other regional fat measures and fat-free mass were not significantly associated with either LVEF or PWASI. Central adiposity measures (waist circumference [WC] and waist–hip ratio [WHR]) showed significant inverse association with LVEF (WC: β = − 0.11; 95% CI − 0.21, − 0.01 per SD; WHR β = − 0.25; 95% CI − 0.38, − 0.12 per SD) but positive association with PWASI (WC: β = 0.37; 95% CI 0.28–0.47 per SD; WHR β = 0.39; 95% CI 0.27 − 0.51 per SD) while BMI was not significantly associated with LVEF (β = 0.05; 95% CI − 0.04, 0.14 per SD) but showed weaker positive association with PWASI (β = 0.27; 95% CI 0.18–0.35 per SD).ConclusionsExcess visceral fat and central adiposity are associated with impaired LV function and increased arterial stiffness which may predispose to heart failure.

Body fat distribution, fat-free mass and cardiovascular function in the UK Biobank

Abstract Background Excess adiposity and high body mass index have been associated with cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. However, the role of whole body imaging and independent associations of regional fat and fat-free mass on left ventricular and vascular function is unclear. Purpose This study determined the cross-sectional associations of regional fat depots and fat-free mass on left ventricular function and arterial stiffness to explain obesity-related cardiac dysfunction. Methods Participants who underwent whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in an ongoing imaging study of 100,000 individuals in the UK were included in this analysis. Analyses exclude individuals with major cardiac and vascular diseases at initial baseline assessment. Regional fat distribution was quantified using MRI while body fat-free mass was quantified with DXA. Cardiac MRI was used to measure left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and LV mass while pulse wave velocity from finger photo-plethysmography was used to measure arterial stiffness index. Associations of body fat distribution (visceral fat, abdominal subcutaneous fat, other body fat) and fat-free mass with each of LV ejection fraction, LV mass and arterial stiffness index, after mutual adjustment for one another and potential confounders were determined using multivariable linear regression. Results We included 31,088 individuals (mean age 63.4 years, 53% women). Among regional body fat measures, higher visceral fat was associated with lower LVEF (β=-0.43; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.31 per SD) and higher arterial stiffness index (β=0.44; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.54 per SD) while none of the regional fat and fat-free mass showed significant association with LV function or arterial stiffness. None of the fat or fat-free mass measures showed significant association with LV mass. These associations were not explained by inflammatory markers, blood pressure or glycaemic profile. Conclusion Visceral fat is the main driver of obesity-related cardiac and vascular dysfunction. There is need for further studies to understand the biological causal pathways of obesity-heart disease.Figure 1Figure 2

A new approach to quantify visceral fat via bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound compared to MRI

BackgroundVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to systemic proinflammatory characteristics, and measuring it accurately usually requires sophisticated instruments. This study aimed to estimate VAT applying a simpler method that uses total subcutaneous fat and total body fat (BF) measurements.MethodAs part of our experimental approach, the subcutaneous fat mass (SFT) was measured via US (SFTtotal), and VAT was quantified by assessing MRI data. Both parameters were added to obtain total body fat (BFcalc). Those results were then compared to values obtained from a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BFBIA). Multiple regression analyses were employed to develop a simplified sex-specific equation for SFT, which was subsequently used in conjunction with BFBIA to determine VAT (VATEq).ResultWe observed excellent reliability between BFBIA and BFcalc, with no significant difference in body fat values (20.98 ± 8.36 kg vs. 21.08 ± 8.81 kg, p = 0.798, ICC 0.948). VATEq_female/male revealed excellent reliability when compared to VATMRI, and no significant difference appeared (women: 0.03 ± 0.66 kg with a 95% CI ranging from −1.26 kg to 1.32 kg, p = 0.815, ICC: 0.955.; men: −0.01 ± 0.85 kg with a 95% CI ranging from −1.69 kg to 1.66 kg, p = 0.925, ICC: 0.952).ConclusionTaking an experimental approach, VAT can be determined without MRI.

Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: A mendelian randomization study.

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is frequently assessed using BMI, many epidemiological studies have shown links between body fat distribution and obesity-related outcomes. This study examined the relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits using Mendelian Randomization (MR). Genetic variants associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), and gluteofemoral adipose tissue (GFAT), as well as their relative ratios, were identified from a genome wide association study (GWAS) performed with the United Kingdom BioBank. GWAS summary statistics for traits and outcomes related to metabolic syndrome were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS Project. Two-sample MR and BMI-controlled multivariable MR (MVMR) were performed to examine relationships between each body fat measure and ratio with the outcomes. Increases in absolute GFAT were associated with a protective cardiometabolic profile, including lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: -0.19, [95% CI: -0.28, -0.10], p < 0.001), higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: 0.23, [95% CI: 0.03, 0.43], p = 0.025), lower triglycerides (β: -0.28, [95% CI: -0.45, -0.10], p = 0.0021), and decreased systolic (β: -1.65, [95% CI: -2.69, -0.61], p = 0.0019) and diastolic blood pressures (β: -0.95, [95% CI: -1.65, -0.25], p = 0.0075). These relationships were largely maintained in BMI-controlled MVMR analyses. Decreases in relative GFAT were linked with a worse cardiometabolic profile, with higher levels of detrimental lipids and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. A MR analysis of ASAT, GFAT, and VAT depots and their relative ratios with metabolic syndrome related traits and outcomes revealed that increased absolute and relative GFAT were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile independently of BMI. These associations highlight the importance of body fat distribution in obesity and more precise means to categorize obesity beyond BMI.

Correlation between serum uric acid and body fat distribution in patients with MAFLD

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is often correlated with obesity and hyperuricemia. The present study aimed to determine the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and central fat distribution in patients with MAFLD.MethodsA total of 485 patients were classified into the following groups: (1) controls without MAFLD and hyperuricemia (HUA), (2) MAFLD with normal SUA, and (3) MAFLD with HUA. DUALSCAN HDS-2000 was used to measure visceral fat (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure body fat distribution.ResultsMAFLD patients with HUA had remarkably higher BMI, fasting insulin, OGIRT AUC, ALT, AST, TG, VAT, SAT, Adipo-IR, trunk fat mass, android fat, and total body fat than MAFLD patients with normal SUA (all p < 0.05). The increase in VAT, SAT, CAP, Adipo-IR, upper limbs fat mass, trunk fat mass, and android fat, as well as the percentage of MAFLD, were significantly correlated with the increase in SUA. The percentage of MAFLD patients with HUA increased significantly with increasing VAT or SAT, as determined by the Cochran–Armitage trend test (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, VAT (OR = 1.01 CI: 1.00, 1.03; p < 0.05) and adipo-IR (OR = 1.09 CI: 1.00, 1.19; p < 0.05) were associated with circling SUA in MAFLD after adjusting for sex, age, TG, TC, HOMA-IR, and BMI.ConclusionAbdominal fat promotes the co-existence of HUA and MAFLD, while weight loss, especially, decreasing VAT, is of great importance to decrease SUA levels and manage MAFLD.

Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes.

Body composition assessment is a valuable tool for clinical assessment and research that has implications for long-term health. Unlike traditional measurements such as anthropometrics or body mass index, body composition assessments provide more accurate measures of body fatness and lean mass. Moreover, depending on the technique, they can offer insight into regional body composition, bone mineral density, and brown adipose tissue. Various methods of body composition assessment exist, including air displacement plethysmography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, magnetic resonance imaging, D3 creatine, ultrasound, and skinfold thickness, each with its own strengths and limitations. In infants, several feeding practices and nutrition factors are associated with body composition outcomes, such as breast milk vs formula feeding, protein intake, breast milk composition, and postdischarge formulas for preterm infants. Longitudinal studies suggest that body composition in infancy predicts later body composition, obesity, and other cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood, making it a useful early marker of cardiometabolic health in both term and preterm infants. Emerging evidence also suggests that body composition during infancy predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly in preterm infants at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive overview of body composition assessment techniques, summarize the links between specific nutrition practices and body composition in infancy, and describe the neurodevelopmental and cardiometabolic outcomes associated with body composition patterns in term and preterm infants.

Association between body fat distribution and B-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood

BackgroundObesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is underpinned by the presence of elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in obese individuals. Due to the close relationship between adipose tissue and the immune system, it can be speculated that the accumulation of fat may influence the frequency and phenotype of lymphocyte populations. The aim of our study was to investigate whether body fat distribution is associated with B lymphocyte composition in peripheral blood. We examined the association between visceral (VAT) and total body fat (TBF) and the frequencies of B-cell subsets in 238 subjects over a period of up to one year using random intercept models. B lymphocyte subsets were determined by fluorescence-based flow cytometry.ResultsInverse associations were found between body fat measurements and plasma blasts, memory B cells, and IgM−IgD− cells. VAT, but not TBF, was positively associated with naive CD19 cells. In our analyses, both VAT and TBF showed positive associations with IgD only B cells.ConclusionsIn conclusion, body fat accumulation seems to be associated with a lower proportion of antibody-secreting plasma blasts and memory cells and an increasing amount of partially anergic, naive CD19 cells.

The Relationship of Body Mass Index with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease based on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire Score in Dinas Bina Marga and Bina Konstruksi of North Sumatera

Abstract. Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a pathological condition due to the reflux of stomach contents back into the esophagus that causing symptoms. In Indonesia, there is no clear prevalence of the incidence of GERD. Some risk factors that can cause GERD are age, sex, race, family history, economic status, increased body mass index (BMI) to obesity and smoking. BMI is the most useful and practical indicator for measuring body fat. It is known that an increased BMI can increase the risk for the occurrence of GERD. Objective: Knowing the relationship between BMI and GERD based on the GERD-Q score at the Dinas Bina Marga dan Bina Konstruksi of North Sumatra province. Methods: This research is an analatic study using cross-sectional method. Sampling using simple random sampling. The sample of this study using Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERD-Q) for GERD diagnosis tool and measurement of weight and height to get BMI. Results: The analysis results obtained by Kendalls Tau-b correlation test and found p = 0.773 (p &lt; 0.005). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between BMI and GERD based on GERD-Q scores on employees of the Dinas Bina Marga dan Bina Konstruksi of North Sumatera. Keywords: Body Mass Index, GERD, GERD-Q

Nutritional status as predictors for quality of life among caregivers of children with severe cerebral palsy.

Individuals with severe cerebral palsy (CP) often experience various health issues, including feeding difficulties, which can adversely affect their nutritional status and caregivers' quality of life, e.g., more time spent for feeding rather than own selfcare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor nutritional status among individuals with severe CP and explore its role as predictors for caregivers' quality of life. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a government hospital (Cheras Rehabilitation Hospital), Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Program, and Spastic Centre [non-profit organization (NGO)] in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Seventy-one participants with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level IV and V were recruited. Sociodemographic data, health-associated data, and anthropometric data were collected. Caregivers' quality of life was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) CP module version 3.0 which included domains such as Movement and Balance, Eating Activities, and School Activities. Most participants were males (60.6%), with 61 classified as level IV in the GMFCS classification. According to the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), 59 children were at level IV. In total, 40.8% were underweight according to CP growth chart and 49.3% had mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) readings below the 5th percentile. The lowest scores in the PedsQL CP module version 3.0 were observed in the Daily Activities (5.34±10.87), and School Activities domains (8.15±18.65). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, including body mass index (BMI)-for-age, MUAC, body fat, triceps, and subscapular skinfold measurement, were predictors for the School Activities domain [F (11, 44)=3.981, P<0.005, R2=0.499]. Poor nutritional status in individuals with severe CP has been shown to negatively impact caregivers' quality of life. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving nutritional intervention is essential to improve dietary provision and the nutritional status of children with CP.

Characterizing causal relationships of visceral fat and body shape on multiple sclerosis risk

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies have established obesity as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). These studies relied on body-mass index (BMI) and body size silhouettes as the primary measures of obesity. Unfortunately, the causal mechanisms through which obesity confers MS risk are not yet known. ObjectivesTo investigate the causal effects of multiple specific measures of body fat on MS risk in populations of European descent, using Mendelian randomization (MR). MethodsMR is a genetic instrumental variable analysis utilizing genome-wide association (GWA) summary statistics to infer causality between phenotypes. MR analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between seven measures of body fat (BMI, waist-hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue [VAT], subcutaneous adipose tissue, and arm-, leg-, and trunk-fat to total body fat ratio) and MS risk. ResultsOnly BMI and VAT were significantly associated with MS risk in separate MR analyses (βBMI=0.27, pBMI<0.001; βVAT=0.28, pVAT=0.006). High correlation between BMI and VAT instruments suggest that two-sample MR associations for BMI and VAT likely capture the same causal mechanisms. ConclusionsBMI and VAT were causally associated with MS risk in European populations, though their effects do not appear independent, suggesting overlap in the role of overall body mass and visceral obesity in MS pathogenesis.

PENGKAJIAN STATUS GIZI BERDASARKAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DAN PEMBERIAN KONSELING INTERPRETASI HASIL PENGUKURAN PADA PKM DI MILAD UNIVERSITAS AISYAH PRINGSEWU

Percent body fat is an indicator of nutritional status that describes the distribution and the total body fat in the body. Measurement of percent body fat and efforts to achieve optimal nutritional status that can reduce the risk of degenerative diseases. The aims of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of Aisyah Pringsewu University Milad participants regarding the interpretation of the results of body fat percent measurements and nutritional counseling as an effort to achieve normal fat percent. This activity was conducted on the anniversary of Aisyah Pringsewu University for 6 days on June 19 – June 24 2023. The total number of respondents was 35 people by measuring percent body fat using BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis), then students and lecturers of the Nutrition Study Program provided explanations of interpretation of the results and nutritional counseling. From the measurement results, the results obtained were an average body fat percentage of all respondents of 22.83 ± 9.28 percent. For male respondents, 57% had a low body fat percentage, and only 7.1% of male respondents had a high category. Meanwhile, for female respondents, respondents who had normal and high fat percentage categories were 52.4% and 28.6%. Respondents were given nutritional counseling using leaflets regarding food intake, increased physical activity and a healthy lifestyle.

Two weeks daily intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extract enhances whole-body fat oxidation during supine rest in healthy males

Introduction: Increase in exercise-induced fat oxidation has been observed with a 2-week daily intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract. We examined for supine rest the effects of a 2-week daily intake of NZBC extract on physiological and metabolic parameters in relation to body fat%.Methods: Healthy active men (n=16, age: 24.1±6.0 yr, body mass: 78.2±15.6 kg, BMI: 24.7±4.2 kg·m-2) volunteered. NZBC extract (210 mg of anthocyanins) was consumed with breakfast with a14-day washout. The final ingestion was 2 hours before testing. Physiological and metabolic responses were measured during supine rest (2x10 min), and observations with the lowest 10-minute ventilation were analyzed. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body fat%.Results: During supine rest, a 14-day daily intake of NZBC extract had no effect on heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, and energy expenditure. However, a 14-day daily intake of NZBC extract decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (baseline: 0.840±0.045, 14-day: 0.820±0.058, P=0.03), increased fat oxidation (baseline: 0.079±0.03, 14-day: 0.088±0.043 g·min-1, P=0.05), and decreased carbohydrate oxidation (baseline: 0.178±0.067, 14-day: 0.143±0.071 g·min-1, P=0.03) during supine rest. Nine of the 16 participants had increased fat oxidation by over 10% during supine rest. For those nine participants, the increases were 26±16%. We did not observe a significant correlation between body fat% and absolute and percentual changes in fat oxidation.Conclusions: In a healthy male cohort, daily intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract for two weeks was able to increase fat oxidation during supine rest. Daily intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract may be an effective anthocyanin-rich supplement for managing body composition and body weight.Keywords: New Zealand blackcurrant; anthocyanins; metabolic equivalent; rest; fat oxidation; respiratory exchange ratio

Fetal Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Child Adiposity Measures at 10 Years of Age in the General Dutch Population.

Fetal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides might lead to fetal metabolic adaptations, predisposing individuals to adverse metabolic profiles in later life. We examined the association of maternal urinary OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in pregnancy with offspring body mass index (BMI) and fat measures at 10 years of age. Between 2002 and 2006, we included 642 mother-child pairs from the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We measured maternal urinary concentrations of OP pesticide metabolites, namely, dialkyl phosphates, including three dimethyl and three diethyl phosphates in early-, mid- and late-pregnancy. At 10 years of age, child total and regional body fat and lean mass were measured through dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal and organ fat through magnetic resonance imaging. Higher maternal urinary pregnancy-average or trimester-specific dialkyl, dimethyl, or diethyl phosphate concentrations were not associated with childhood BMI and the risk of overweight. In addition, we did not observe any association of dialkyl, dimethyl, or diethyl phosphate concentrations with total and regional body fat, abdominal visceral fat, liver fat, or pericardial fat at child age of 10 y. We observed no associations of maternal urinary dialkyl concentrations during pregnancy with childhood adiposity measures at 10 years of age. Whether these associations develop at older ages should be further studied. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12267.

Reproducibility of Body Fat and Fat-Free Mass Measurements by Bioimpedance and Ultrasound Scanning Analysis in a Group of Young Adults

Reproducibility of Body Fat and Fat-Free Mass Measurements by Bioimpedance and Ultrasound Scanning Analysis in a Group of Young Adults

Effect of Lactobacillus sakei OK67 in Reducing Body and Visceral Fat in Lifestyle-Modified Overweight Individuals: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Obesity is a global health problem that affects the quality of life. It is a multidimensional chronic risk factor for major medical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. This clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Lactobacillus sakei OK67 (DW2010), a lactic acid bacterium, in reducing body and visceral fat in overweight individuals (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2), aged 20-60 years. A total of 100 subjects placed in a lifestyle modification program were randomly assigned to receive either DW2010 (2.0 g/day, 1.0 × 1010 CFU) or a placebo for 12 weeks. The efficacy of DW2010 was evaluated by measuring body fat mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and visceral fat area using computed tomography. After 12 weeks, the change in body fat in the DW2010 group was not markedly different from that in the placebo group. However, visceral fat area decreased more in the DW2010 group than in the placebo group (p = 0.035). During the clinical trial, no major adverse events were reported. Moreover, no statistical differences were observed in the biochemical parameters of the DW2010 and placebo groups. Overall, we concluded that the intake of DW2010 for 12 weeks is safe and potentially reduces visceral fat in lifestyle-modified overweight subjects.

Repeatability of Body Fat and Fat-Free Mass Measurements by Bioimpedance and Ultrasound Scanning Analysis in the Group of Young Adults

Repeatability of the body fat and fat-free mass measurements obtained by two indirect methods (bioimpedance – BIA and ultrasound scanning analysis – US) was performed in the group of young adults. To evaluate repeatability, the repeated body composition measurements by the bioimpedance analyzer ABC-02 “Medas” and the ultrasound scanner BodyMetrixTM were done in the group of adult males and females. The performed study indicates accuracy of the estimates in the individuals and in the group at all as well as high repeatability of measurements obtained by BIA and US. Positive significant correlation between the body composition measurements obtained by the bioimpedance analyzer ABC-02 “Medas” and the ultrasound scanner BodyMetrixTM as well as between repeated measurements was found. The study indicates high repeatability of body fat and fat-free mass measurements obtained by the bioimpedance analyzer ABC-02 “Medas” and the ultrasound scanner BodyMetrixTM in the group of young adult males and females. Particularly, the highest repeatability was for the fat-free mass measurements.

Association of Visceral Fat Index with Coronary Collateral Circulation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract: Background: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is a network of anastomosing channels, established by heart in response to ischemia of myocardium. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and BMI are well established risk factors for development of poor CCC. Good CCC minimizes symptoms of angina, reduce the size of infarcts and prevent adverse cardiac events. The current research study was designed to find out the association of visceral adiposity and development of CCC among patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: The prospective study, conducted in Civil Hospital Karachi, comprised of 270 patients of coronary artery disease. According to the Rentrop Cohen categorization, patients were placed into two groups: the group with good collateral circulation having Rentrop grades i2-3 (n = 140) and the group with poor collateral circulation having Rentrop grades i0-1(n = 130). Rentrop score was determined by angiography. Segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to determine body fat mass and body muscle mass. Using Omron body fat and weight measurement systems, visceral fat index (VFI) was evaluated to determine the composition of visceral adipose tissue. SPSS was used for data analysis (Version 22). To assess the independent risk factor for poor CCC, logistic regression analysis was used. ROC curve was constructed to assess the efficacy of VFI in identifying CCC. Results: Overall, good collateral circulations were observed in 51.9% (n=140) of CAD patients, whereas poor collateral circulations were ound in 48.1% (n=130) of patients. Poor CCC was significantly associated with hypertension (OR=3, 95%CI= 0.111-8.231, p = .001) and VFI (OR=2, 95%CI= 1.451-3.567, p =.001). ROC analysis revealed a VFI &gt; 9 to be a potential predictor of poor CCC with AUC=0.9, sensitivity of 95.00% and specificity of 86%. Conclusion: The current study concluded that greater VFI and concomitant hypertension considerably increase the likelihood of having poor CCC, therefore, visceral adiposity can be considered as a potential target for preventing poor collateral circulation in patients with established cardiac disease.

Association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and breast cancer: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.MethodsThis study used data from 17 840 cancer-free postmenopausal women with a CRF assessment...

#5541 EVALUATION OF PROTEIN MALNUTRITION IN CKD PATIENTS ON LOW-PROTEIN DIET

Abstract Background and Aims Low-protein diet is considered crucial in patients with chronic kidney disease to slow down kidney function deterioration and control metabolic variables such as serum phosphate, urea and bicarbonate. However, low-protein diet may result in malnutrition if patients do not respect nutritional prescription. Thus, the present study examined the risk of protein malnutrition in CKD patients who started a low-protein diet. Method We analysed anthropometric variables, nutrient intake and body composition in 27 patients with CKD stage 4-5 (M/F 15/12; 69±15 years; 72±18 kg; BMI 27.3±7 kg/m2; serum creatinine 4.9±1.9 mg/dl; GFR 11±4 ml/min; 10 diabetic patients) before and after 3-months of low-protein diet (0.6 g/kg). We estimated nutrient intake with a food frequency questionnaire composed of 37 items and administered by a nutritionist who also prescribed the low-protein diet. We also measured body fat mass (FM) and free-fat mass (FFM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass using bioimpedentiometry analysis (Akern, Florence). Patients having a protein intake lower than 0.6 g/kg at the nutritional survey was defined as malnourished. Results In the whole sample, after a 3-month diet protein intake decreased from 0.87±0.23 to 0.69±0.18 g/kg (p&amp;lt;0.001; Wilcoxon test). Protein intake was positively correlated with 24-h urine excretion of phosphate at baseline (r = 0.69, p = 0.012) and after 3-monts of diet (r = 0.62, p = 0.02). The diet induced a decrease in body weight (72±18 to 70±17 kg; p = 0.001), BMI (27.3±7 to 26.7±6.8 kg/m2; p = 0.001), FM (24±11 to 21±11 kg; p = 0.006), serum phosphate (1.68±0.33 to 1.52±0.32 mmol/l; p = 0.033) and urea (166±53 to 133±42 mg/dl; p&amp;lt;0.001), whereas FFM, expressed as percentage of body weight, significantly increased (69±9 to 73±8%; p = 0.011). Six patients (22%; 3 diabetic patients) had a protein intake lower than 0.6 g/kg after 3-months of diet. Their protein intake was significantly lower than that in the other 21 patients with protein intake above 0.6 g/kg (0.43±0.1 vs 0.77±0.12 g/kg; p&amp;lt;0.001). These patients had lower FM (14±2 vs 26±11 kg; p = 0.03) and protein intake before starting the low-protein diet than the other 21 patients (0.64±0.06 vs 0.94±21 g/kg; p = 0.003). Patients with protein intake lower than 0.6 g/kg slightly decreased FFM after 3 months of diet compared to the value at baseline (52±7 to 50±7 kg; p = 0.07); conversely the other 21 patients did not change FFM (51±10 to 53±11 kg; p = 0.17), but significantly decreased FM (26±11 to 23±12 kg; p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, protein malnutrition may occur during a low-protein diet in CKD patients with a low consumption of proteins before starting this diet. Nutritional analysis is necessary to identify CKD patients at risk of protein malnutrition and to adequately follow up CKD patients on low protein diet.