Measurement Tools Research Articles

The Development of the Decoding Skills Scale in Information and Communication Technologies and an Investigation of Preservice Teachers in This Framework

Decoding skills of individuals can be observed in different fields, one of which is information and communication technologies (ICT). Within the scope of the current study decoding skills are a new concept. There is no measurement tool available in the literature. At this point, the researchers aimed (1) to develop the ICT-Decoding Skills Scale and to conduct a validity and reliability study and (2) to identify undergraduate preservice teachers’ level of ICT-Decoding skills, studying in faculties of education. The participants of the study involved a total of 1580 faculty of education students studying in 59 different universities in Turkey. The ICT-Decoding Skills Scale is a 4-factor, 5-point Likert-type scale comprising of 23 items. CFA results showed that model fit indices were calculated as the following: [χ2=897.841; df=219; χ2/df=4.100 p<.001; GFI=.873; AGFI=.840; CFI=.938; NFI=.920; NNFI(TLI)=.928; RMSEA=.070; RMR=.068; SRMR=.060]. When the internal consistencies were analyzed, Cronbach’s Alpha value for the overall scale was (α=.94). As to address the second aim of the study, the ICT-decoding skills of preservice teachers were examined. Preservice teachers’ ICT-decoding skills were found to be at a high level in the overall scale. However, in the subscales, they were observed to have medium and low levels of skills. Similarly, low levels of sensemaking, debugging and problem-solving skills were observed in their Coding Skills. At this point, preservice teachers are suggested to be supported in advanced technical skills, safety and social skills in digital environment and coding skills in addition to basic digital skills.

Reliability of ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness and echointensity in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Ultrasound is an emerging tool for muscle-based measurements. However, the analysis of hyperechoic images (high muscle fat infiltration, as in type 2 diabetes [T2D]) can be challenging. ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability of ultrasound image analysis of muscle thickness and echointensity in older adults with T2D and non-diabetic controls by experienced and novice analysts. We hypothesized that reliability would be high for the experienced analysts, and lower, but acceptable, for a novice analyst. MethodsWe recruited three groups: 1) adults >60 years with T2D; 2) age- and sex-matched normoglycemic controls; and 3) healthy adults 18–35 years. All participants underwent ultrasound imaging of the abdomen and anterior thigh. Ultrasound images were de-identified, randomized, and separately analyzed by two expert analysts (>3 years experience each). A subset of images was also analyzed by a novice analyst with no prior experience. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed using coefficients of variation (CVs), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman analysis. ResultsFor the expert analysts, ICCs were >0.90 and CVs were <10 % for all measurements, regardless of participant group. For the novice analyst, all ICCs were >0.90, except for rectus abdominus thickness measurements in the T2D group (ICC: 0.659 [95%CI: -0.134, 0.911]). CVs were <10 % for all measurements, except for rectus abdominus thickness in the T2D group (CV: 12.7 %). Ultrasound image analysis of muscle thickness and echointensity by experienced analysts was highly reliable. ConclusionNovice and expert analysts produced comparable measurements, except for rectus abdominus thickness in images obtained from older adults with T2D.

Multi-tile zinc-oxide-based radiation-hard fast scintillation counter for relativistic heavy-ion beam diagnostics: prototype design and test

This contribution summarizes the design and performance test of a prototype radiation-hard fast scintillation detector based on the indium-doped zinc oxide ceramic scintillator, ZnO(In). The prototype detector has been developed for use as a beam diagnostics tool for high-energy beam lines of the SIS18 synchrotron at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH. The new detector consists of multiple ZnO(In) scintillating ceramics tiles stacked on the front and back sides of a borosilicate light guide. The performance of the detector was tested in comparison to a standard plastic scintillation detector with 300 MeV/u energy 40Ar, 197Au, 208Pb, and 238U ion beams. The investigated prototype exhibits 100% counting efficiency and radiation hardness of a few orders of magnitude higher than the standard plastic scintillation counter. Therefore, it provides an improved beam diagnostics tool for relativistic heavy-ion beam measurements.

Fabrication and characterization of rGO-SnO2 nanocomposite for electrochemical sensor of ciprofloxacin

The uncontrolled use of ciprofloxacin (CIP) has led to increased resistance in patients and potential health issues such as kidney disorders, digestive disorder, and liver complications. This study addresses these concerns by introducing an innovative electrochemical sensor utilizing a screen-printed electrode (SPE) enhanced with a novel rGO-SnO2 nanocomposite for the precise monitoring of CIP concentration. Through square wave voltammetry (SWV), this sensor demonstrates unparalleled sensitivity and accuracy in determining CIP levels. These analyses validated the superior performance of the SPE/rGO-SnO2 electrode, revealing CIP potential range of 0.85–1.50 V with irreversible oxidation reaction and an exceptional signal-to-background (S/B) ratio of 1.91, surpassing the 1.21 ratio achieved by the SPE/rGO electrode. The SPE/rGO-SnO2 electrode also exhibited the highest active surface area (0.0252 cm2), facilitating faster transfer electron. Crucially, the SPE/rGO-SnO2 electrode exhibited an impressively low limit of detection (LOD) at 2.03 μM within a concentration range of 30–100 μM for CIP, setting a new benchmark for sensitivity (9.348 μA/μM) in CIP detection. The %RSD value was less than 5 % indicating that this modified electrodes exhibit good precision and stability. The real-world applicability of this developed methods was exemplified through its successful implementation in the analysis of river water and milk, achieving remarkable recovery rates of 101.2 % and 97.7 %, respectively. Consequently, the SPE modified with rGO-SnO2 nanocomposite emerges as a highly promising and effective tool for precise and sensitive CIP measurement, offering unparalleled performance metrics and opening avenues for enhanced environmental and health monitoring.

Measurement of Project Portfolio Benefits With a GA-BP Neural Network Group

To facilitate the project portfolio benefits (PPB) management and realize the maximization of the benefits, a PPB measurement model based on the genetic algorithm (GA)-BP neural network group (GA-BPNNG) is proposed in current research. Unlike traditional benefits management approaches, the proposed model takes full cooperation and information sharing advantages of group learning to measure PPB more accurately, which considers both the financial and nonfinancial benefits and synergy benefits generated from the interrelationships among project portfolio components. To ascertain the priority of the PPB measurement model, the GA-BPNNG model is compared with BPNN and GA-BPNN, two common models in the literature. The mean square error of the GA-BPNNG model reduced by 94% and 83%, respectively, when compared to the BPNN and GA-BPNN models. The results suggest that the PPB measurement model performs more effectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that the proposed model has a better nonlinear fitting effect for PPB measurement. This article can support managers, decision-makers, and management in realizing strategy by providing a practical and scalable tool for PPB measurement.

A115: Revision of the Chinese Version of Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short for Middle School Students

Purpose: The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire -Short (PSDQ-S) is one of the world's recognized effective tools for measuring Physical Self-Concept (PSC). However, Latent profile analysis of the physical self-description among Chinese adolescents only supported the 3-dimensional model of PSDQ-S, that is, it could only distinguish the Physical Activity (PA), Appearance, and Body Fat of Chinese children and adolescents, but could not effectively distinguish the 8 dimensions of Coordination, Flexibility, Strength, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical, Health, and Global Esteem. It cannot meet the needs of PSC measurement in the field of sports psychology in China. The purpose of this study was to revise the PSDQ-S for Chinese middle school students, and to test its reliability, validity, and gender measurement equivalence in Chinese middle school students. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the Chinese version of PSDQ-S. 2505 middle school students in grades 7-12 (12-18 years old) were selected from seven administrative geographic regions of North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest and Northwest China, among which 1239 were male subjects, with an average age of (15.07±1.93) years, Female subjects were 1266, with an average age of (15.02±2.04) years. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis. Results: Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.45%. Confirmatory factor analysis support 8 factor model hypothesis (χ2 / df = 1.846, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.929, SRMR = 0.050, RMSEA = 0.061). The 8 dimensions were Physical Activity, Appearance, Body Fat, Flexibility &amp; Coordination, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical and Health. The average variance extraction of each factor of the Chinese version PSDQ-S convergence validity index was greater than 0.50, and the combination reliability was greater than 0.60. The gender equivalence hypothesis was established. Conclusions: The revised Chinese version of PSDQ-S has good reliability, validity, and gender equivalence. It can be used as a measurement tool of PSC of Chinese middle school students.

Exploring social workers' views on assessing child neglect in England and Wales

AbstractChild neglect poses many issues for social work, notably in terms of effective assessment leading to informed intervention targeting the needs of children and families. In response to this challenge, our multiphase research project is developing a new multiagency child neglect measurement tool. The phase of the project reported in this article administered an online survey via Qualtrics to explore the views of children and families social workers on assessing child neglect. One hundred and twenty‐nine completed responses were received from registered children and families social workers in England and Wales. The main findings are that social workers are regularly undertaking child neglect assessments and feel relatively confident in completing them. They also feel relatively confident that their assessments are inclusive of social harms such as poverty and social isolation, but less confident they are accurate and informed by research evidence. Almost two‐thirds are using a child neglect assessment tool, but they lack confidence in these accurately assessing neglect or being quick and simple to use. The findings illustrate that social workers require both the work conditions and tools to use in which they feel confident to undertake balanced and accurate assessments of child neglect.

Avaliação do potencial empreendedor dos veterinários clínicos usando a versão turca do inventário de avaliação do potencial empreendedor (EPAI-TR)

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine the unique values of the entrepreneurial potential of clinical veterinarians and to evaluate this potential by using a reliable and valid measurement tool. The study material was the data obtained from a survey conducted between May 2020 and April 2021 that included 343 veterinarians who were actively working in a veterinarian clinic/outpatient clinic. The Turkish version of the Entrepreneurial Potential Assessment Inventory was used to collect the data. On the basis of the results of the explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and improvement (modification) indices calculated from the survey data, a 7-factor structure was obtained. According to the results of the entrepreneurial potential scale for clinical veterinarians, the following sub-dimensions of the scale were listed according to their contribution to the total variance explained: “effective communicative leadership,” “strategic resource development,” “self-efficacy,” “innovative creativity,” “resilience-strength,” “motivation for economic freedom,” and “risk-taking propensity.” This ranking reveals a tendency to possess these characteristics in Türkiye for entrepreneurship potential regardless of the profession. In light of the obtained data, it is recommended to provide clinical veterinarians with training on the topics of forming social networks, taking responsibility, and developing emotional intelligence, which is not included in the scale, as well as to instigate the desire to become independent and economically motivated to improve their entrepreneurial potential.

The effects of treatment with pimavanserin on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis: a 16-week, single-arm, open-label study.

More than half of patients with Parkinson's disease will experience psychosis symptoms in the form of hallucinations or delusions at some point over the course of their disease. These symptoms can significantly impact patients' health-related quality of life, cognitive abilities, and activities of daily living (ADLs) and function. Clinical assessment of how psychosis impacts these measures is crucial; however, few studies have assessed this sufficiently, in part due to a lack of appropriate scales for comprehensively assessing function. The objective was to assess how symptoms of Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) impact ADLs and function, cognitive function, and health-related quality of life. To address this unmet need, we utilized a modified version of the Functional Status Questionnaire (mFSQ) to measure the impact of psychosis on ADLs and function in patients with PDP treated with pimavanserin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication to treat hallucinations and delusions associated with PDP. Eligible patients entered a 16-week, single-arm, open-label study of oral pimavanserin (34 mg) taken once daily. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to Week 16 on the mFSQ. Secondary endpoints included the Movement Disorders Society-modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) I and II; Schwab and England ADL; Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), and Patient Global Impression-Improvement (PGI-I), and were also measured as change from baseline to Week 16 using mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) and least-squares mean (LSM). Our results in a proof-of-concept, 16-week, open-label clinical study in 29 patients demonstrated that an improvement in psychosis symptoms following treatment with pimavanserin was associated with improvements in multiple measures of ADLs and function. Notably, a significant improvement was found on the primary endpoint, change from baseline to Week 16 in mFSQ score [LSM [SE] 14.0 [2.50], n = 17; 95% CI (8.8, 19.3); p < 0.0001]. These findings highlight the potential for improvement in function with improvement of psychosis symptoms in patients with PDP and suggest that the mFSQ may be a measurement tool to evaluate the level of improvement in function. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04292223.

Development and pilot of equine facilitated physical therapy outcome measure tool for chronic low back pain patients

Equine Facilitated Physical Therapy (EFPT) lacks consistent documentation due to being an unconventional physical therapy treatment to chronic low back pain patients (LBP) and lacking rehabilitation outcome measure tools for a stable (equestrian) environment. The objectives were to develop an online evaluation tool as well as to define inter- and intra-rater reliability to validate the outcome measurement tool “Evaluation of maintaining sitting position (on a horse) and walking (short distances)” designed for LBP patients in EFPT”.A total of 48 movement related functions (n = 48), were derived from the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) and organized to an online evaluation tool. Depending on the state of validation two to six (2–6) raters scored randomized patient (n = 22) video material, recorded during a 12-week EFPT intervention, with the designed tool.Inter-rater agreement level between the experts reached good (α = 87) reliability for the scoring of the items and calculated per patient excellent (α = 100). Intra-rater reliability reached good (α = 87) and per patient good (α = 80) repeatability. For the healthy adults the reliability between raters reached acceptable (α = 72) levels and per rated excellent (α = 100). The developed assessment tool was found satisfactory to fulfil the requirement for the therapeutic practice.With the use of the tool physical therapist may detect postural changes for LBP patients as outcome report in EFPT. The tool may be used to identify treatment progress and to help design home exercises. The created tool will help to collect similar outcome measures from LBP patients in EFPT and to validate the treatment within industry.

Clinical Evaluation of Dyspnoea in Obstructive Lung Disease – Progressing from Psychometrics to Physiology

Dyspnoea is a common symptom that afflicts persons with myriad medical conditions. Among sufferers of lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dyspnoea, together with effort intolerance, are the major complaints. Dyspnoea is a marker of disease severity and adverse prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the need for symptom alleviation in improving health status is ever-present, but the quantification of this symptom is challenging in clinical practice, and is mostly limited to the use of questionnaires and self-reports currently. Numerous psychometric tools have been developed to measure the severity of dyspnoea clinically, but their utility is vitiated by the complexity and multidimensional nature of the symptom. The lack of a universally accepted and accurate measurement tool is likely to hinder future progress in developing novel treatments for relieving dyspnoea. Physiological measurements have been used to complement or supplant psychometric evaluation of dyspnoea but simple stationary lung function tests do not correlate sufficiently well with dyspnoea severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while complex exercise testing is impractical or limited to specialized research labs. In recent years, the use of non-invasive surface electromyography of the diaphragm and/or accessory muscles of respiration is gaining attention as a promising physiological assessment of dyspnoea with potential for widespread clinical applications. Although substantial technological gaps still exist between bench and bedside, the current interest, as evidenced by the number of med-tech collaborations in surface respiratory electromyography, appears to be well justified. This review aims to summarize the past and present methodologies as well as future developments in evaluating and quantifying dyspnoea, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Experiential Fallibilism and Decision-Making Process: A Perspective from a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Patient choice in healthcare follows a process in which references to evidence and experience are intertwined. From the perspective of a patient with chronic kidney disease, I propose experiential fallibilism as the use of uncertain evidence and experience, along with knowledge gained in new contexts, situations, and experiences, to attain truth and promote shared decision-making. Thus, because of their uncertain nature, both the patient's experience and the doctor's focus on evidence should be integrated into a decision-making process through a co-learning perspective so that they can mutually enrich each other and prevent inappropriate actions and decisions in other clinical contexts. The risks perceived by both the patient and the doctor should be valued equally to encourage an honest discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed treatments after considering the patient's social, economic, and medical situation. Further, experience measurement tools, both quantitative and qualitative, should be used or developed to test their transferability and effectiveness in contexts involving healthcare decisions between doctors and patients.

Using a Mobile Phone as a Measurement Tool for Illuminance in Physics Education

Most primary school students in the Czech Republic have a mobile phone. A mobile phone can measure many physical quantities once the appropriate application has been installed. The terms “Light Meter” or “Lux Meter” are names for applications that measure the physical quantity illuminance. At the time of writing, there are more than 50 such applications available on Google Play. These applications utilise data from the ambient light sensor. The study describes the measurement of illuminance using laboratory equipment and mobile phones with installed applications and further explores the reliability of data collected by mobile phones. A comparison was made between data from applications that were in the default settings and calibrated. The values of different applications installed on the same mobile phone were compared, as well as values of the same application installed on different mobile phones. Values were compared at different distances from the light source and at the same distance, but with varying angles. The reaction time for a mobile phone application to detect changes in illumination was measured. Sensitivity to infrared and ultraviolet radiation was also investigated. Seven general conclusions were drawn from all measurements regarding the use of a mobile phone as a luxmeter instead of professional laboratory equipment, provided that the recommendations are followed.

The mediating role of mindfulness in explaining the causal relationship between basic psychological needs and family functioning in firefighters

Objective: The purpose of this research was the mediating role of mindfulness in explaining the causal relationship between basic psychological needs and family functioning in firefighters. Method: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the research included firefighters who were working in the fire department of Islamshahr, Baharestan and Rabat Karim cities in the winter of 2022 and spring of 2023, and they had at least two years of work experience in the fire department since their marriage. Based on the opinion of Hewitt and Kramer (2004), the research sample was estimated to be 240 people, which was increased to 300 people considering the possibility of attrition. The sampling method was non-random and available and voluntary. The measurement tools included Family Functioning Questionnaire (FAD), Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BNSG-S) and Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Data analysis was done through structural equation model method. Findings: The total path coefficient between basic psychological needs and family functioning (, )β=0.363) is significant and negative. Also, the path coefficient between mindfulness and family functionin )β=0.308) was negative and significant. The coefficient of direct path, )β=0.256) and indirect path (β=0.107) between basic psychological needs and family functioning was also negative and significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that among firefighters, mindfulness negatively and significantly mediates the relationship between basic psychological needs and family functioning.

Barriers and facilitators to sustainable operating theatres: a systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

The health sector contributes significantly to the climate crisis. Operating theatres in particular are a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions and waste, and while there are several evidence-based guidelines to reduce this impact, these are often not followed. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify barriers and facilitators of sustainable behaviour in operating theatres, categorising these using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Global Health databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 - June 2023, using the concepts: barriers and facilitators, sustainability, and surgery. Two reviewers screened abstracts from identified studies, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Identified determinants were mapped to TDF domains and further themes as required. The results were reported in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) and AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) guidelines. Twenty-one studies were selected for analysis and assessment (seventeen surveys and four interview studies) comprising 8286 participants, including surgeons, nurses and anaesthetists. Eighteen themes across ten TDF domains were identified. The most common barriers to adoption of green behaviours in operating theatres were in domains of: 'knowledge' (N=18) e.g. knowledge of sustainable practices; 'environmental context and resources' (N=16) e.g.'personnel shortage and workload and inadequate recycling facilities; 'social influences' (N=9) e.g. lack of leadership/organisational mandate or support; 'beliefs about consequences' (N=9) e.g. concerns regarding safety. Intention was the most common facilitator, with eleven studies citing it. Despite intentions to adopt sustainable practices in operating theatres, this review identified several barriers to doing so. Interventions should focus on mitigating these, especially by improving staff's knowledge of sustainability practices and working within the environmental context and time pressures. Furthermore, institutional change programmes and policies are needed to prioritise sustainability at the Hospital and Trust level. Additional qualitative work should also be conducted using behavioural frameworks, to more comprehensively investigate barriers and determinants to decarbonise operating theatres.

Conceptualizing Fear of Progression in Cardiac Patients: Advancing our Understanding of the Psychological Impact of Cardiac Illness

Abstract Background: An emerging area of psycho-cardiology explores fear of disease progression in cardiac patients, following extensive research of this topic in psycho-oncology. Novel interventions that target cardiac fear of progression(FoP) may be valuable in bridging the gap between the high psychological support needs in cardiac care and limitations surrounding the efficacy of standard psychosocial treatments. However, there appears to be limited research characterizing FoP in cardiac patients with which to inform potential interventions. Aims: Using a mixed methods approach in two inter-related studies, we aimed to develop a preliminary conceptualization of cardiac-FoP. Methods: Study 1 involved a scoping review of existing qualitative research to identify the range of fears relating to disease progression reported by cardiac patients. Study 2 investigated the prevalence and distress levels associated with a selection of fears identified in Study 1 through a quantitative study of 194 cardiac patient admissions at two Australian hospitals. Results: Study 1 conceptualized cardiac-FoP in two ways, by the content of the fears and by the behavioral responses to the fears. Fears were categorized into seven broad domains: fears associated with death, health, interpersonal relationships, treatment, accessing help, role responsibilities, and physical activity. Five categories of behavioral responses were identified: avoidance, hyperawareness, symptom misattribution, seeking help, and lifestyle changes. Study 2 indicated a high prevalence of fear, with an average endorsement of 40.9%. When fear was endorsed, an average of 45.2% of cardiac patients experienced moderate-to-severe distress. Discussion: This paper provides an initial conceptualization of FoP in cardiac patients, providing preliminary evidence of the rates of fear and associated distress in this population. Drawing on this conceptualization, unique measurement tools and interventions should be developed to identify and address FoP in cardiac patients.

Exploration of Core Competencies from Delphi Survey and Design of Their Measurement Tools and Teaching &amp; Learning Programs for Environmental Education in Elementary Schools

This study aims to establish core competencies for environmental education in elementary schools, develop its measurement tools, and explore program grouping methods. To address these goals, three research questions were posed: identifying core competency elements, determining their assessment tools, and exploring the best ways to organize environmental education programs to develop the core competencies. Using a Delphi survey and literature review, the research pinpointed core elements such as 'autonomy', 'reflective ability', 'environmental sensitivity', and 'critical thinking ability', among others. Based on these competencies, 34 assessment items were devised. To enhance these competencies, a 'theme integration method' was proposed, intertwining environmental education with other curriculum topics. The study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach, ensuring students grasp environmental subjects while achieving other learning objectives. Consequently, the measurement tools and learning &amp; teaching programs for environmental education in elementary schools presented in this study assist teachers in customizing environmental topics based on regional, school, and individual teaching goals, rooted in the intended core competencies.

경계선 지능 학생을 대상으로 한 사회성 프로그램의 체계적 문헌고찰

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data and direction for development and implementation of sociability program of the future through systematic consideration of omestic literature on social program for students with borderline intelligence. For the foregoing, this study selected and analyzed 14 domestic journals and theses in accordance with literature selection procedure. Analysis standards include 5 implementation elements such as study subjects, study method, type of study design, program operation, measurement tool and effect, and 5 contents elements of program development, program title, program basis,&#x0D; purpose and treatment intervention. As a result of analysis, this study confirmed necessity of application of experiment/control group design and development of a measurement tool suitable for students with borderline intelligence capable of expanding subjects to middle and high school students and securing validity in the implementation elements. For contents elements, it is necessary to develop a program that applies various media based on the unique characteristics and demand of students with borderline intelligence. Based on the result of this study, it is necessary to expand and develop self concept which is a root element of sociability simultaneously with a sociability program in addition to active implementation in schools aiming at school adaptation of students with borderline intelligence from a long-term point of view.

의료기관 종사자의 일과 삶의 균형이 조직효과성과 주관적 행복에 미치는 영향

Objective : This study confirmed the current status of work-life balance for workers at domestic medical institutions, and confirmed the direct and indirect relationship between organizational effectiveness and individual subjective happiness. Methods : Data was collected from September 3 to September 23, 2021, with a total of 300 surveys distributed. Among them, 227 surveys were ultimately used for analysis. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software, specifically SPSS 21.0 and Amos 22.0. The measurement tool was adapted based on previous research to be suitable for the circumstances of healthcare professionals. It consisted of a total of 39 items, categorized as follows: General Characteristics, Work-Life Balance, Emotional Labor, Job Stress), Job Satisfaction, Subjective Happiness. Results : The work-life balance of healthcare professionals was found not to significantly impact the profound emotional labor, but it was observed to reduce job stress. Additionally, emotional labor was identified as a decisive factor in decreasing job stress and increasing job satisfaction. Job stress not only diminishes job satisfaction but also has been confirmed as a factor decreasing subjective happiness. However, no direct relationship was found between emotional labor and subjective well-being. Conclusion : Studying the work-life balance of members in specialized service fields, such as healthcare services, not only provides insights into the current situation but also offers various theoretical perspectives in understanding the relationship between work-life balance and Organizational effectiveness.

대학생 생활 스트레스와 심리적 안녕감의 관계에서 자기자비와 사회적 지지가 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to find ways to contribute to the psychological well-being of college students by examining the relationship between college life stress, psychological well-being, self-compassion, and social support, and exploring the effects of self-compassion and social support in the relationship between college life stress and psychological well-being. The subject of this study was a university student living in Korea, and 351 copies of the 360 questionnaires collected online and offline were analyzed. As measurement tools, the college life stress scale, the psychological well-being scale, the self-compassion scale, and the social support scale were used. For the collected data, descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there was a significant correlation between college life stress, psychological well-being, self-compassion, and social support. Second, there was a significant moderating effect of self-compassion in the relationship between college life stress and psychological well-being. Third, the moderating effect of social support was not significant in the relationship between college life stress and psychological well-being. Finally, the implications, significance, and limitations of this study were discussed, and suggestions for further research were made.