Measurement Of Uric Acid Research Articles

Salivary Uric Acid Sensor using The Fordable ‘Finger-Powered' Microfluidic Device

Here, we report a novel biosensing system using a finger-powered microfluidic device, which is suitable for daily self-testing of uric acid in saliva. To realize the rapid determination of salivary uric acid, the biosensing system measures directly from the paper-based saliva sampling device. The microfluidic device has the diaphragm pump, the reagent reservoir, and the reaction cell in which the electrochemical uric acid biosensor is embedded. Once the microfluidic chip has been folded, the finger-powered microfluidic device prepares the reagent containing the saliva, which is ready to measure. A wireless potentiostat for electrochemical measurement of uric acid with the biosensor was also developed. Combining these elements together, the whole process from saliva sampling to determination was completed in less than a minute (Sensitivity: 0.03 nA/µM). The measurement results were also consistent with that measured using a commercially available uric acid determination kit. Hence, our method is expected to have the potential to enhance the use of biochemical information in the field of healthcare IoT.

Water-compatible synthesis of core-shell polysilicate molecularly imprinted polymer on polyvinylpyrrolidone capped gold nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing of uric acid

Herein, a facile, water-compatible, and one-pot synthesis of a core–shell polysilicate molecularly imprinted polymer (SiO2MIP) on polyvinylpyrrolidone capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@PVP) through the condensation polymerization of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as a functional monomer, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a cross-linker, and uric acid (UA) as a template has been reported. The response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM−CCD) was used to optimize the conditions of the reaction. The characteristics of the resulting composite (AuNPs@PVP@SiO2MIP) produced under the optimized conditions were evaluated using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and water contact angle measurement. Next, the as-synthesized AuNPs@PVP@SiO2MIP served as a novel electrochemical platform for the detection and determination of UA in a urine sample. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to construct the calibration curve that showed two linear concentration ranges. In addition, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the method were obtained to be 4 × 10−7 and 1 × 10−6 M, respectively. Also, the repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor (RSD%) were achieved to be 7% (n = 8) and 3% (n = 5), respectively. At last, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the measurement of UA in a urine sample.

Development of quantitative assay for simultaneous measurement of purine metabolites and creatinine in biobanked urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Purine metabolism is essential for all known living creatures, including humans in whom elevated serum concentration of purine break-down product uric acid (UA) is probably an independent risk factor for mortality, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. An automated multiplex assay that measures several purine metabolites could therefore prove useful in many areas of medical, veterinary and biological research. The aim of the present work was to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of xanthine, hypoxanthine, UA, allantoin, and creatinine in biobanked urine samples. This article describes details and performance of the new method studied in 55 samples of human urine. Archival sample preparation and effect of storage conditions on stability of the analytes are addressed. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were small for all the analytes, not exceeding 1% and 10%, respectively. Measurements of UA and creatinine in biobanked urine showed good agreement with values obtained using routine enzymatic assays on fresh urine. Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.869 (p < .001) for creatinine and 0.964 (p < .001) for UA. Conclusion: the newly developed LC-MS/MS method allows reliable quantitative assessment of xanthine, hypoxanthine, allantoin, UA and creatinine. The proposed pre-analytical processing makes the method suitable for both fresh and biobanked urine stored frozen at −80 °C for at least 5.5 years.

Simultaneous electrochemical detection of uric acid and xanthine based on electrodeposited B, N co-doped reduced graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles and electropolymerized poly (L-cysteine) gradually modified electrode platform

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a nanocomposite synthesized from electropolymerized L-cysteine (poly L-cys), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and B, N co-doped reduced graphene oxide (B, N-RGO). The sensor is depicted to enable the individual and simultaneous voltammetric determination of two purine derivatives, uric acid (UA) and xanthine (XA). Under the optimal conditions, the sensor displayed a good linear relationship between 3.0 nM and 3.0 µM for UA and 0.3 nM and 3.0 µM for XN in simultaneous determination. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity are estimated to be 0.9 nM and 1.908 µA µM -1 cm−2, for UA and 90.0 pM and 0.846 µA µM−1 cm−2 for XA, respectively. The modified GCE demonstrates several benefits, including high sensitivity and selectivity, low LOD, high surface-to-volume ratio, and good electrocatalytic activity towards UA and XA. The sensor was used successfully for the simultaneous measurement of UA and XA in human blood serum samples.

Acid freezes uricolysis in addition to glycolysis: Utility of fluoride-EDTA-citrate tube in the measurement of uric acid for patients administered rasburicase.

In samples from patients administered rasburicase, ex vivo uricolysis leads to spuriously low uric acid results. The manufacturer's recommendation of storing the sample in ice-water until analysis, however, does not fully arrest uricolysis. Since uricase activity is affected by pH and metal chelators, we assessed uricolysis inhibition in sodium fluoride-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-citrate sample tube (FC Mix tube, Greiner) used primarily for plasma glucose. A serum pool was spiked with rasburicase and uric acid measured at 15, 45, 90, 150, 240 and 1080min in a lithium heparin tube in ice-water, plain tube at room temperature (RT), EDTA tube at RT, FC Mix tube in ice-water, FC Mix tube at RT and FC Mix tube at RT prepared by dissolving FC Mix in serum. The rate of urate decay was lowest in the FC Mix tube independent of temperature, then lithium heparin tube in ice-water, then EDTA tube at RT and highest in the plain tube at RT. Uric acid concentrations in the prepared FC Mix tube at RT and heparin tube in ice-water were, respectively, 98.2% and 93.8% of control values at 90min, 97.1% and 89.3% of control values at 4h, and remained higher in the prepared FC Mix tube at all time points. NaF-EDTA-citrate mixture largely arrested rasburicase mediated ex vivo uricolysis without the need for sample cooling. We propose that sample tubes containing NaF-EDTA-citrate be used for the measurement of uric acid in patients administered rasburicase.

First Trimester Prediction of Gestational Diabetes using a Predictive Model of Biochemical ParametersA Longitudinal Study

Introduction: Current international guidelines recommend screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) between 24-28 weeks of gestational age. It has been proven that early diagnosis and prompt treatment can effectively reduce and can even avoid many of the maternal and foetal complications. There are no accepted methods of testing before the recommended 24-28 weeks which can predict the development of GDM. Aim: To develop a risk based predictive model using clinical and biochemical parameters for predicting the development of GDM in the first trimester. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gyanecology at the SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India from January 2017 to July 2018 and included 120 pregnant women with gestational age &lt;15 weeks over a period of 18 months. Detailed history, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure were recorded followed by measurement of serum creatinine, uric acid and albumin. At 24-28 weeks of gestation, screening for GDM was performed according to Diabetes in Pregnancy Study group of India (DIPSI) criteria. Predictive modeling using stepwise linear regression to choose the best model that can predict the development of GDM was performed. A Receiver Operating characteristic Curve (ROC) was constructed to identify the best cut-off value that can predict the development of GDM. Results: A total of 130 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Ten women were lost to follow-up in 2nd trimester. Final cohort consisted of 120 women and 19 (15.8%) of them developed GDM based on DIPSI criteria between 24-28 weeks. Rest 101 (84.2%) did not develop GDM. Significant correlation was found between BMI (r=0.49, p&lt;0.005), systolic Blood Pressure (BP) (r=0.35, p&lt;0.005) and diastolic BP (r=0.33, p&lt;0.005) with GDM. There was significant increase in creatinine and uric acid (p&lt;0.005) and decrease in albumin (p&lt;0.005) in GDM as compared to non GDM. First trimester uric acid &gt;3.35 mg/dL showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84.2% for predicting GDM. Predictive modeling showed that model containing uric acid, creatinine and albumin had a higher correlation (r=0.82) with Plasma Glucose (PG) as compared to other models containing uric acid alone or uric acid and creatinine. Conclusion: It is possible to predict the development of GDM early in the first trimester using this predictive model of biochemical parameters with high accuracy

Mouthguard type biosensor for wireless measurement of salivary uric acid

Mouthguard type biosensor for wireless measurement of salivary uric acid

Selective non-enzymatic uric acid sensing in the presence of dopamine: electropolymerized poly-pyrrole modified with a reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite.

A highly selective electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to be developed for uric acid detection in the presence of dopamine as an interference molecule was demonstrated in this study. This non-enzymatic uric acid sensor was developed by electropolymerizing poly-pyrrole onto a composite of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to give MIP/ErGO/PEDOT:PSS electrodes. The structural properties, surface morphology, and electrochemical interface of this fabricated uric acid sensor was then characterized using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This fabricated non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor (MIP/ErGO/PEDOT:PSS modified GCE) also showed excellent analytical performance at the optimum ratio of monomer/template concentration and optimized electropolymerization conditions, for example in the low concentration range of 0.1-100 μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM towards uric acid detection in the presence of dopamine. Furthermore, this fabricated uric acid sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and stability for uric acid measurements in the presence of dopamine for 5 consecutive days. In addition, this sensor demonstrates highly selective detection of uric acid in the presence of several interfering species such as dopamine, urea, glucose, magnesium ions, and ascorbic acid. This fabricated uric acid sensor ultimately showed satisfactory uric acid measurement in samples of human urine and is expected to be used in early-stage disease diagnosis.

Prevalence and Outcomes Associated with Hyperuricemia in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can increase catabolism and result in hyperuricemia. Uric acid (UA) potentially causes kidney damage by alteration of renal autoregulation, inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, activation of the pro-inflammatory cascade, and crystal deposition. Hyperuricemia in patients with COVID-19 may contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI) and poor outcomes. Methods: We included 834 patients with COVID-19 who were >18 years old and hospitalized for >24 h in the Mount Sinai Health System and had at least 1 measurement of serum UA. We examined the association between the first serum UA level and development of acute kidney injury (AKI, defined by KDIGO criteria), major adverse kidney events (MAKE, defined by a composite of all-cause in-hospital mortality or dialysis or 100% increase in serum creatinine from baseline), as well as markers of inflammation and cardiac injury. Results: Among the 834 patients, the median age was 66 years, 42% were women, and the median first serum UA was 5.9 mg/dL (interquartile range 4.5–8.8). Overall, 60% experienced AKI, 52% experienced MAKE, and 32% died during hospitalization. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory values, a doubling in serum UA was associated with increased AKI (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–4.1), MAKE (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–3.5), and in-hospital mortality (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3). Higher serum UA levels were independently associated with a higher level of procalcitonin (β, 0.6; SE 0.2) and troponin I (β, 1.2; SE 0.2) but were not associated with serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Conclusion: In patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, higher serum UA levels were independently associated with AKI, MAKE, and in-hospital mortality in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, hyperuricemia was associated with higher procalcitonin and troponin I levels.

Uric Acid Variability as a Predictive Marker of Newly Developed Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the role of serum uric acid as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease is controversial. This study investigated whether uric acid variability was associated with new-onset symptomatic CVD in patients with T2D, requiring percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods: A total of 1,071 patients were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional study after propensity score matching. Patients with T2D and new-onset symptomatic CVD who received percutaneous coronary intervention for the first time, and with at least three consecutive 6-monthly measurements of serum uric acid were recruited from Severance Hospital between January 2015 and December 2019. Uric acid variability was measured by average successive variability (ASV) and analyzed to evaluate a possible correlation with the risk of developing CVD.Results: The patients were divided into quartiles based on the uric acid variability. Patients in the highest quartile were older and presented lower renal function and a higher mortality from CVD. There was a linear association between a high uric acid variability and the development of CVD. Compared to the lowest quartile, patients in the higher quartiles had a higher risk of CVD [quartile 3: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20–2.82; P = 0.019; quartile 4 aOR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.74–4.80; P < 0.001].Conclusion: High uric acid variability is independently associated with an increased risk of new-onset symptomatic CVD requiring percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with T2D. Thus, maintaining serum uric acid in a narrow range by prescribing effective medications is essential to prevent new-onset CVD in patients with T2D. Nonetheless, the potential use of uric acid variability as a predictive marker of CVD in patients with T2D needs further validation.

Association between Serum Uric Acid and Impaired Endothelial Function: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Aims: Higher serum uric acid (UA) may impair endothelial function. However, population-based evidence examining the association between serum UA levels and endothelial function remains to be limited. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate this in the general population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 participants (496 males and 504 females), aged 30–79 years, free from a history of gout, have undergone both serum UA and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurements. Participants were divided into four groups based on serum UA quartiles. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for low FMD according to the serum UA levels. Results: In total, 203 participants (138 males and 65 females) with %FMD ≤ 5.0% were identified to have endothelial dysfunction. The multivariable OR of low FMD for highest quartiles vs. lowest quartiles was 2.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–4.34), while OR per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.04–1.56). The positive association was noted to be more evident in females (OR per 1-SD increment: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.08–1.96) than in males and confined to individuals not using antihypertensive medications. The ORs per 1-SD increment were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.68–1.50) among individuals using antihypertensive medications and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.12–1.81) among individuals not using antihypertensive medications. Conclusion: Higher serum UA was positively associated with the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in samples of the general Japanese population and that positive association was confined to individuals not using antihypertensive medications.

Hyperuricaemia as a predictor of hospital outcome in patients with sepsis: results of a prospective study

BackgroundEarly management of sepsis in the emergency department improves patient outcomes. The identification of at-risk patients for aggressive management by an easily available biomarker could go a long way in the triage of patients in the emergency department. It is postulated that during sepsis, the majority of patients undergo ischaemic reperfusion injury or inflammation, and uric acid with its oxidant and antioxidant properties may be playing some role and, hence, the measurement of uric acid could possibly predict the hospital course in patients with sepsis. We were prompted to undertake this study as serum uric acid estimation is readily available and economical compared to newly evolving biomarkers in sepsis. Estimation of serum uric acid levels on arrival to the emergency department may prove a useful predictor of hospital outcome in patients with sepsis especially in regions with limited resources.ResultsOf 102 patients, 55 (53.9%) were males. The mean age of the study cohort was 63.2 ± 10.48. Patients with higher qSOFA scores had higher uric acid levels on admission. While 12 (11.8%) patients had a septicaemic shock, acute kidney injury was recorded in 48 (47.1%) patients and 11 (10.8%) patients required dialysis. Thirty-four (33.3%) patients had respiratory failure, and of these, 21 (20.6%) patients required mechanical ventilation. The overall median stay in the medical intensive care (MICU) was 3days (range 2–7 days). The patients with higher uric acid levels had higher rates of respiratory failure but did not reach significant levels. In 15 (14.7%) patients, 7 males expired (mortality rate of 14.7%). There was a significant association between SOFA score and mortality. Patients who succumbed to sepsis had higher serum uric acid levels on arrival.ConclusionsPatients with higher qSOFA scores had higher uric acid levels on admission. Hyperuricaemia predicted acute kidney injury, a requirement of mechanical ventilation and mean hospital stay in patients with sepsis. Further studies may be required to confirm the association.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Incidence, Mitigation and Management in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Initiating Venetoclax in Routine Clinical Practice (DEVOTE) across Canada

Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Incidence, Mitigation and Management in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Initiating Venetoclax in Routine Clinical Practice (DEVOTE) across Canada

Serum Uric Acid and Hypertension in Healthy Adult Thai Populations

Objective: High serum uric acid has been reported to be a risk factor for hypertension. However, data regarding this association in Thai adults is lacking. We aimed to examine the association between serum uric acid level and the diagnosis of hypertension in healthy Thai adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Srinagarind Hospital, a tertiary care setting in Thailand. A total of 1,754 adults who did a health check-up were recruited. The association between serum uric acid level and hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) &ge;140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) &ge;90 mmHg, were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid level &gt;6 mg/dL. Results: Prevalence of hyperuricemia and hypertension in the study population was equal at 25.5%. Subjects with hyperuricemia had higher SBP, DBP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than in the subject with normal uric acid level. Every 1 mg/dL increment of the uric acid level was significantly associated with hypertension, with the adjusted Odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.35, p-value &lt;0.01). Hyperuricemia showed significant association with hypertension, with the adjusted Odds ratio of 2.16 (95% CI 1.63 to 2.85, p-value &lt;0.01), after adjusted with potential confounders, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is associated with hypertension in healthy Thai adults. Serum uric acid measurement may be a useful additional parameter in identifying patients at a high probability of having hypertension. Keywords: Uric acid; Hyperuricemia; Hypertension; Thailand

Serum Uric Acid and Kidney Disease Measures Independently Predict Cardiovascular and Total Mortality: The Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) Project.

Background: Serum uric acid predicts the onset and progression of kidney disease, and the occurrence of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, it is unclear which is the appropriate definition of hyperuricemia in presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our goal was to study the independent impact of uric acid and CKD on mortality.Methods: We retrospectively investigated 21,963 patients from the URRAH study database. Hyperuricemia was defined on the basis of outcome specific cut-offs separately identified by ROC curves according to eGFR strata. The primary endpoints were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.Results: After a mean follow-up of 9.8 year, there were 1,582 (7.20%) cardiovascular events and 3,130 (14.25%) deaths for all causes. The incidence of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality increased in parallel with reduction of eGFR strata and with progressively higher uric acid quartiles. During 215,618 person-years of follow-up, the incidence rate for cardiovascular mortality, stratified based on eGFR (>90, between 60 and 90 and <60 ml/min) was significantly higher in patients with hyperuricemia and albuminuria (3.8, 22.1 and 19.1, respectively) as compared to those with only one risk factor or none (0.4, 2.8 and 3.1, respectively). Serum uric acid and eGFR significantly interact in determining cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. For each SUA increase of 1 mg/dl the risk for mortality increased by 10% even after adjustment for potential confounding factors included eGFR and the presence of albuminuria.Conclusions: hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality additively to eGFR strata and albuminuria, in patients at cardiovascular risk.

A Comparative Study: Fast and Direct Voltammetric Measurements of Adenosine and Uric Acid at Copper and Carbon Fiber as Sensors

A Comparative Study: Fast and Direct Voltammetric Measurements of Adenosine and Uric Acid at Copper and Carbon Fiber as Sensors

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals and blood cell morphology in South American pit vipers (Bothrops pubescens).

The maintenance of snakes in captivity for venom extraction and antivenom production is essential due to the high incidence of snake envenomation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Hematology and biochemistry are valuable in the laboratory evaluation of these animals, which indirectly improves their health and welfare. The objective of this study was to determine the reference intervals for hematologic and plasma biochemistry variables in Bothrops pubescens snakes kept in captivity and to examine sex variation. Blood samples from 20 healthy B pubescens snakes were collected for hematologic and biochemistry evaluations and compared between sexes. The sample analysis consisted of a complete blood count using manual methods previously described, and blood cell morphology evaluation. Plasma biochemistry consisted of albumin, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total plasma protein measurements. Hematologic and biochemical variables were demonstrated to be different when compared with previously published values. A difference between the sexes was not observed for B pubescens. Given that many illnesses can lead to laboratory alterations, knowledge about the reference intervals of healthy captive animals is essential to evaluate the health status and correct management of these snakes.

The prognostic impact of uric acid in acute heart failure according to coexistence of diabetes mellitus

Background and aimsIncreased uric acid levels predict higher mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) appear to have increased xanthine oxidase activity. We aimed to study if the association between uric acid and mortality in acute HF was different according to the coexistence of DM. Methods and resultsWe studied a cohort of patients hospitalized due to acute HF in 2009–2010. Patients with no uric acid measurement upon admission were excluded from the analysis. Follow-up: 2 years; endpoint: all-cause mortality. Patients with elevated uric acid (>80.0 mg/L) were compared with those with lower values. We used a multivariate Cox-regression analysis to assess the prognostic impact of uric acid (both continuous and categorical variable: cut-off 80.0 mg/L). The analysis was stratified according to coexistence of DM. We studied 569 acute HF patients, 44.6%male, mean age 76 years, 290 were diabetic. Median admission uric acid: 81.2 mg/L and 52.2%had uric acid >80.0 mg/L. Elevated uric acid predicted all-cause mortality in acute HF only in patients with DM. The multivariate-adjusted HR of 2-year mortality was 1.68 (95 % CI: 1.15–2.46) for diabetic HF patients with uric acid>80.0 mg/L compared to those with lower levels (p = 0.008) and 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.03–1.18) per each 10 mg/L increase in uric acid (p = 0.007). In non-diabetic HF patients, uric acid was not associated with mortality. ConclusionsIncreased uric acid predicts ominous outcome in acute HF patients with diabetes, however, it is not prognostic associated in non-diabetics. Uric acid may play a different role in acute HF depending on DM status.

Blueberry effects on prediabetic nephropathy—a preclinical in vivo approach

Abstract Background Prediabetic Nephropathy (PreDN) therapeutic arsenal remains scarce. Blueberries (BB) display insulin sensitizing, lipid-lowering, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we aimed to assess the putative benefits arising from BB supplementation in experimental PreDN. Methods BB polyphenol (PP) content was assessed by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in three groups (n = 8) for 24 weeks: Control group (Standard chow, Sd), 45% High-Fat (HF) diet-induced PreDN group and BJ-treated group (HF+BJ) [25 g/kg BW per day from week 16 onwards]. Glycemic/insulinemic/lipidic profiles were examined. Renal function was assessed by serum/urinary measures of creatinine, albumin, uric acid and glucose. Kidney histological characterization was performed by Periodic Acid-Shiff and Gomori’s green trichrome staining. Relative gene expression (RT-PCR) was also evaluated (KIM-1, NLRP3). Values are means ± S.E.M (ANOVA/post-hoc tests). This work was approved by the ORBEA of iCBR-FMUC (9/2018). Results HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn analysis revealed that the main PP’s present in BB are malvidin derivatives, quercetin-O-hexoside and caffeic acid. HF animals displayed increased BW, glucose intolerance, postprandial hyperinsulinemia, elevated circulating LDL-c, hepatic/renal lipidosis, mild impairments in renal function and histological lesions resembling the stages I/II of PreDN. Apart from ameliorating prediabetic glucose intolerance, BJ supplementation elicited hepatic lipid accumulation and increased gene expression of renal inflammasome and KIM-1 without major improvements on renal function and/or histopathology. Conclusions Even though BB was able to ameliorate prediabetic glucose intolerance, the BB dosage employed herein (25 g/kg BW) elicited deleterious effects in the kidney only perceived at a sub-clinical level.

Salvia officinalis extract mediated for the synthesis of SO-MgO-NPs and their utilization for simultaneous measurement of dopamine, uric acid, and ascorbic acid by voltammetry method

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using green synthesis with salvia officinalis (SO) leaf extract. SO-MgO-NPs were detected using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SO-MgO-NPs were used to making a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), abbreviated by the name SO-MgO-NPs-CPE. This electrode was successfully utilized for the measurement of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA) using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Excellent electrocatalytic activity of SO-MgO-NPs allows selective the measurement of DA in the presence of UA and AA by the voltammetric method so that the peak oxidation potential distances ΔEp for AA-DA, and DA-UA is about 260 mV and 200 mV, respectively. The SO-MgO-NPs were used to measure DA, UA, and AA in actual samples such as pharmaceutical samples and healthy samples of human blood serum, and good results were obtained.