Measurement Of Blood Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

MENENTUKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN BURUNG PUYUH (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) MENGGUNAKAN PENGOLAHCITRA DARI PEMINDAI DESKTOP

Various animal diseases require colorimetric-based laboratory diagnose. One of them is the measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration. Anemia needs to be detected as early as possible, because the lack of hemoglobin inthe blood could results in a lack of oxygen being carried from the lungs to the tissues. Colorimetry is a quantitative analysis technique for colored samples to determine the concentration of a substance based on the light intensity of the color solution. Colorimetry is commonly used to measure the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Image processing using imageJ has been widely used for chemical analysis. This study was aimed to determine the potential of image processing from a desktop scanner to measure animal blood hemoglobin. The blood used was taken from five quail. Quail blood was diluted to 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50% respectively. The results of hemoglobin level readings using the Sahli method were strongly correlated, but significantly different, with a spectrophotometer. The readings of hemoglobin levels using a desktop scanner have a very strong correlation and are not significantly different from the results obtained using a spectrophotometer. The image processing method from a desktop scanner can be used as an alternative to a spectrophotometer to measure blood hemoglobin levels compared to using the Sahli method.

Evaluation of the HemoCue® for blood loss estimation in suction fluid in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures: A prospective observational study.

Blood loss in neurosurgical procedures can be rapid and tremendous leading to consequential hemodynamic instability. HemoCue is a portable photometer used for the measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration. Using this point of care device, we contemplated this study to assess the reliability of HemoCue for suction hemoglobin determination and calculation of surgical blood loss by comparing with the gold standard laboratory Coulter Counter method in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. This prospective observational study was conducted in 233 patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures in the age group of 18 to 60 years and having preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) values above 9 g/dL. Values of preoperative hemoglobin, suction hemoglobin, and volume in the suction container were used to obtain the estimated blood loss. The normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Bland Altman analysis was used to test the reliability of HemoCue in estimating hemoglobin and blood loss with reference to the gold standard laboratory Coulter Counter automated hematology analyzer. Median blood loss calculated in our study using HemoCue was 554.65 mL with an interquartile range of 336.81 mL to 982.39 mL. Laboratory counter method estimated median blood loss was 533.37 mL with an interquartile range of 335.21 mL to 994.73 mL. The majority of the data obtained and analyzed using the Bland and Altman analysis method were within a 95% confidence interval. The HemoCue method is a reliable method and henceforth can be used to estimate blood loss in suction fluid in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.

Experimental unit for in vivo measurement of hemoglobin content in blood

The experimental unit was developed for non-invasive in vivo measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration based on algorithms of pulse wave signals processing. Experiments were performed with two types of sensors: five-bands sensor (660, 756, 779, 841 and 963 nm) and seven-bands sensor (520, 658, 776, 839, 974, 1348, 1550 nm). Additional bands in infrared region allow to estimate the water concentration and enhance the accuracy of hemoglobin content measurement. The unit was tested on a group of patients with various hematological pathologies. The total number of patients exceeds 200 people and hemoglobin concentration varied in a range 80–170 g/L. Optimal algorithms with minimum variance of the difference between optical and laboratory measurements of hemoglobin content were found. It was shown that the accuracy of the hemoglobin content determination greatly depends on hematocrit.

Are blood haemoglobin concentrations a reliable indicator of parasitism and individual condition in New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae)?

ABSTRACTAcross avian species, total blood haemoglobin concentration (BHC) is the most important determinant of oxygen-carrying capacity, and most accurately reflects the potential for the bird to satisfy its oxygen requirements. This creates a close association between high BHC and high aerobic capacity, and low BHC and states of regenerative or non-regenerative anaemia. As such, total BHC has been suggested to be a reliable indicator of avian health and condition. We mist netted 160 adult and 26 juvenile New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) from ten sites across South Australia to assess the relationship between BHC and individual health and condition traits in this species. From each bird we collected samples for blood haemoglobin estimation, inspected for the presence of external parasites (ticks), and measured basic morphometric parameters (mass, tarsus length, and length of bilateral tail feathers). A relationship could not be demonstrated between BHC and tick intensity, body condition or tail feather asymmetry in adult or juvenile birds. While the measurement of BHC may provide a reliable insight into individual health and condition in some avian species, our results highlight the need to validate this relationship within species and populations prior to its use in avian health and condition assessments.

Accuracy of noninvasive haemoglobin measurement by pulse oximetry depends on the type of infusion fluid

Measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration by pulse oximetry could be of value in determining when erythrocytes should be transfused during surgery, but the effect of infusion fluids on the results is unclear. To study the effect of crystalloid and colloid fluid on the accuracy (bias) and precision of pulse oximetry haemoglobin estimation to indicate the venous haemoglobin concentration in volunteers. Open interventional crossover study. Single university hospital. Ten male volunteers aged 18-28 (mean 22) years. Each volunteer underwent three infusion experiments on separate days and in random order. The infusions were Ringer's acetate (20 ml kg), hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (10 ml kg) and a combination of both. At the end of the infusions of Ringer's acetate, pulse oximetry haemoglobin concentration had decreased more than the true haemoglobin concentration (15 vs. 8%; P < 0.005; n = 10) whereas starch solution decreased pulse oximetry haemoglobin concentration less than true haemoglobin concentration (7 vs. 11%; P < 0.02; n = 20). The same differences were seen when the fluids were infused separately and when they were combined. The overall difference between all 956 pairs of pulse oximetry haemoglobin concentration and true haemoglobin concentrations (the bias) averaged only -0.7 g l whereas the 95% prediction interval was wide, ranging from -24.9 to 23.7 g l. In addition to the choice of infusion fluid, the bias was strongly dependent on the volunteer (each factor, P < 0.001). The bias of measuring haemoglobin concentration by pulse oximetry is dependent on whether a crystalloid or a colloid fluid is infused. ClinicalTrials identifier: NCT01195025.

Interactions between the volume effects of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and Ringer´s acetate

IntroductionThe turnover of Ringer´s solutions is greatly dependent on the physiological situation, such as the presence of dehydration or anaesthesia. The present study evaluates whether the kinetics is affected by previous infusion of colloid fluid.MethodsTen male volunteers with a mean age of 22 years underwent three infusion experiments, on separate days and in random order. The experiments included 10 mL/kg of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven™), 20 mL/kg of Ringer's acetate, and a combination of both, where Ringer´s was administered 75 minutes after the starch infusion ended. The kinetics of the volume expansion was analysed by non-linear least- squares regression, based on urinary excretion and serial measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration for up to 420 minutes.ResultsThe mean volume of distribution of the starch was 3.12 L which agreed well with the plasma volume (3.14 L) estimated by anthropometry. The volume expansion following the infusion of starch showed monoexponential elimination kinetics with a half-life of two hours. Two interaction effects were found when Ringer´s acetate was infused after the starch. First, there was a higher tendency for Ringer´s acetate to distribute to a peripheral compartment at the expense of the plasma volume expansion. The translocated amount of Ringer´s was 70% higher when HES had been infused earlier. Second, the elimination half-life of Ringer´s acetate was five times longer when administered after the starch (88 versus 497 minutes, P <0.02).ConclusionsStarch promoted peripheral accumulation of the later infused Ringer´s acetate solution and markedly prolonged the elimination half-life.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01195025

Error in noninvasive spectrophotometric measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration under conditions of blood loss

This paper discusses a current misinterpretation between different parameters of hemoglobin concentration measurement and its amplification under conditions of blood loss. The paper details the distinction between microcirculatory hematocrit and the hematocrit of the macrocirculation to analyze clinical use of real-time patient hemoglobin concentration measurement by noninvasive point-of-care devices such as the Rainbow Pulse CO-Oximetry™ (Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA). The hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit values have clinical significance such as for diagnosing anemia or as indicators to when a blood transfusion is needed. The device infers hemoglobin concentration from spectrophotometry of the fingertip and therefore the measured absorption is due to hemoglobin present in capillaries as well as in larger vessels, and the device accordingly reports the hemoglobin concentration as 'total hemoglobin' in a proprietary SpHb parameter. SpHb and macro hemoglobin concentration are different parameters. However, the numerical resemblance of SpHb values to values of macro hemoglobin concentrations, combined with the widely used unspecified term "Hb" in the medical setting, suggests that SpHb values are often interpreted by the clinician as macro hematocrit values. The claim of this paper is that under conditions of blood loss the portion of the SpHb total hemoglobin measure that is contributed from microcirculation increases, due to the decrease of macro hematocrit while microcirculatory hematocrit remains constant when above a critical value. The device is calibrated from phlembotomy drawn blood (from a vein in the arm), which is the gold standard in blood collection, and hence this changing contribution of microcirculatory hemoglobin to the SpHb value would distort the gap between macro hemoglobin and total hemoglobin, SpHb. The hypothesis is that if clinicians indeed interpret the SpHb values as macro hemoglobin values then there is an unreported discrepancy between SpHb to macro hemoglobin concentrations during blood loss due to the increasing effect of microcirculatory hemoglobin measurement on the mixed parameter, SpHb.

Comparison of oral versus parenteral iron supplementation on the health and productivity of piglets

The aim of this study was to compare oral iron supplementation in feed with a standard iron injection and assess the impact on the health and productivity of pigs. The...

Blood Loss Estimation during Laparoscopic Myomectomy Using HemoCue

During laparoscopic myomectomy, it is difficult to determine the actual blood loss volume because physiological saline is used for lavaging to detect the bleeding point or to ensure no active bleeding site. We attempted to estimate blood loss by measuring the waste irrigation fluid's hemoglobin (Hb) concentration using HemoCue (HemoCue, Angelholm, Sweden). Twenty-three women enrolled in our study. After the end of laparoscopic myomectomy, the waste irrigation fluid's Hb content was measured using HemoCue. We estimated blood loss using the following formula. Estimated blood loss (ml)= [waste irrigation fluid volume (ml)]x[Hb concentration in waste irrigation fluid (g/l)]/[patient's preoperative Hb level (g/l)]. The demographic data of the patients showed 35.4 years in age, 159.6 cm in height, and 50.7 kg in weight (mean). The total lavage fluid's Hb level ranged between 0.2 approximately 4.7 (g/l). The total blood loss estimation was calculated and ranged between 17.6 approximately 725.2 ml. There was no significant correlation between the calculated blood loss and the difference in Hb level (Hb level on the first postoperative day minus preoperative Hb level). The HemoCue needs only 10 mcl of blood and it takes only about 45 seconds to produce the result. Furthermore, the HemoCue is a reliable device for measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration. Our method is easy and quick to perform, and blood loss estimation and surgeon's experience (subjective method) show accordance.

Determination of hemoglobin levels in the finger using near infrared spectroscopy

We previously demonstrated that near-infrared spectroscopy can be used to measure blood flow. The spectrum of blood is dominated by hemoglobin. Therefore, it should be possible to determine the concentration of hemoglobin in tissue using near-infrared transmittance. We attempted to do this in the finger using a unique handheld multiple wavelength spectrophotometer. We took samples from 73 subjects and performed repeat measurements in several subjects. Hemoglobin level was determined at the time of near-infrared measurement. We performed correlation analysis between the hemoglobin values and the absorbance values. There was a strong correlation between hemoglobin levels and the 14 wavelengths (r = 0.738, n = 121, SEE = 1.7). We categorized the patients by hemoglobin level as either normal (12-16 g/dl), mildly anemic (10-12 g/dl), or moderately anemic (<10 g/dl). There were 21 patients in the low hemoglobin group, 29 in the middle range, and 23 in the normal range. The mean hemoglobin levels were 8.4 +/- 0.3 g/dl for the low group, 10.9 +/- 0.1 g/dl for the mildly anemic group, and 13.8 +/- 0.3 g/dl for the group with normal hemoglobin. There was a clear separation of absorbance values among the three groups. The major differences seen were in the midrange of the spectrum. It is encouraging that this first study of hemoglobin measurement yielded data permitting a discrimination of hemoglobin levels. It is hoped that future refinements will lead eventually to a non-invasive technique for the measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration.

Anemia in a population from an endemic area of malaria, Rondônia (Brazil)

With the purpose of describing the prevalence rate of anaemia among inhabitants of a malaria endemic area--Candeias district, a periurban locality near Porto Velho, in Rondônia State, Brazilian Amazon Basin--a random population sample comprehending 1,068 individuals of all age groups (14.1% of the total population) was screened for anaemia (measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration) and malaria (Giemsa-stained thick-smear microscopy). Two-hundred and ninety-nine individuals (28.0% of the sample) were found to be anaemic, using the cut-off haemoglobin values proposed by the World Health Organization for each age group. Highest prevalence rates were found among children with ages varying from 6 months to 1 year (70.0%) and from 1 to 6 years (38.4%), as well as in pregnant women (41.2%, 7/17) and malaria patients (44.4%, 8/18). Parasitological stoll examinations were made on a voluntary sample of 476 individuals (44.6% of the sample population); of these, 118 (26.8%) were positive. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, the most frequent intestinal parasite in this population sample, was detected in 67 stool samples (14.1%); only 27 patients (5.7%) eliminated Ancylostomidae eggs. In this voluntary sample, no significant difference in anaemia prevalence rates between parasite carriers and non-parasited individuals was detected. On the other hand, the more recent the last malarial episode referred to by the patients, the lighter prevalence rate of anaemia in individuals above the age of 14 years. The role played by malaria as an underlying cause of anaemia in Candeias district inhabitants, particularly in the economically active age group, is further discussed.

Physiological and Hematological Changes in Chum Salmon Artificially Infected with Erythrocytic Necrosis Virus

Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta were injected with erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) to study the physiological and hematological consequences of ENV infection. Infected and control fish were held in pathogen-free seawater and sampled for 5 weeks. Physiological tests included measures of plasma cortisol, glucose, protein, and osmolality; blood lactic acid; and liver glycogen. In general, ENV-infected fish had lower plasma glucose and blood lactic acid, and higher liver glycogen concentrations than did control fish. Hematological tests included red and white blood cell (RBC and WBC) counts, hematocrit, measurement of blood hemoglobin concentration, and a determination of erythrocyte fragility. Infected fish had lower RBC counts, hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations; higher WBC counts; and less fragile erythrocytes than did control fish. The hematology data indicated that erythrocytes of infected fish had higher mean corpuscular volume, depressed mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and slightly lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Erythrocytic inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of RBCs from infected fish. The infection progressed steadily through week 4, after which the fish appeared to begin recovering. In a second study, fish were infected with ENV for 3 weeks, and recovery from a stress challenge test was measured. Plasma glucose concentrations and osmclality were higher in infected fish, whereas plasma cortisol and blood lactate were only slightly elevated. These studies indicate that chum salmon withstood the effects of ENV infection without in-eversible physiological consequences. However, when subjected to a stress challenge test, infected fish recovered more slowly than control fish and had increased osmoregulatory difficulties.

Limits of performance for measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration, number concentration of erythrocytes, and erythrocyte volume fraction in interlaboratory trials. Results of the Finnish proficiency testing programme in haematology.

Limits of performance for measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration, number concentration of erythrocytes, and erythrocyte volume fraction are presented. The limits of performance are based on actual performance by the participants of the Finnish external quality control programme in haematology. In evaluation of a laboratory's performance in measuring blood haemoglobin (Fe) concentration, all values within +/- 0.20 mmol/l of the corrected mean are considered to represent 'good' performance; those between +/- 0.20 and +/-0.40 mmol/l represent 'acceptable' performance and values outside +/- 0.40 mmol/l are 'not acceptable'. Similarly, in measuring number concentration of erythrocytes the limits of +/- 0.2 x 10(12)1(-1) and +/- 0.4 x 10(12)1(-1) and in measuring erythrocyte volume fraction the limits of +/- 0.01 and +/- 0.02 were established. The limits of performance proved to be readily attainable by the survey participants.