Measured By Mini-Mental State Examination Research Articles

The comparative study of cognitive function between patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism

Objective To compare with the difference of cognitive function between patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism.Methods The cognitive function were measured by Mini-mental state examination (MMSE),WAlS-RC,logical memory,visual reproduction test and Wisconsin Card Sorting test(WCST).Results In comparison with control health group,significant difference were found in both the patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism groups,such as on logical memory,visual reproduction test,it was (10.32±3.39),(5.96±2.57) and (13.57±4.49),(7.97.±2.83) in the patients with hypothyroidism and Subclinical hypothyroidism group,respectively,but in the control health group,it Was (16.38±3.95)(9.11±2.65),respectively.The performance of WCST in the patients were worse than that in the control,and the performance of the patients with hypothyroidism were worse than that of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism;but there were no difference in FIQ of WA IS-RC and MMSE among three groups.Conclusion Both the patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism exhibited cognitive deficits,and the former performance Was worse than that of the later. Key words: Hypothyroidism ; Subclinical hypothyroidism ; Costive function ; Neuropsychological test ;

Changes in Cholesterol Metabolism in Peripheral Cells of Alzheimer Disease Patients and Their Relatives

Abstract Background. Previous epidemiological and experimental studies indicated cholesterol as a central player in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we utilized skin fibroblasts and PBMC as possible ex vivo models for the study of dysfunctions of cholesterol homeostasis which may be related to AD development. Methods. We analyzed cholesterol homeostasis using colorimetric, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and histologic technique in ex vivo cultures of skin fibroblasts and PBMCs from patients with probable AD and their first-degree relatives. Additionally, healthy age-matched individuals served as controls. Findings. As compared to controls, skin fibroblasts and PBMCs from AD patients, displayed an evident alteration of cholesterol metabolism; namely an anomalous accumulation of cholesterol esters in their cytoplasm. No change in intracellular free cholesterol was observed. Cellular overloading of cholesterol esters was dramatically increased after specific growth stimulation of the different cell types. Cholesterol ester accumulation was negatively correlated to plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and positively correlated with severity of cognitive symptoms measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Inhibitors of cholesterol esterification, such as progesterone and SaH, as well as a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, RAD, were able to prevent accumulation of cholesterol esters. Interpretation. Changes of cholesterol esters in the peripheral compartment may be indicative of a systemic alteration of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, which in turn might create a cellular milieu favourable to the production of ß-amyloid in the brain. Pathways that control cholesterol esterification might represent promising targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic AD approaches.

Poor Sleep Is Associated With Impaired Cognitive Function in Older Women: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures

The association between objectively measured sleep and cognition among community-dwelling elderly persons remains understudied. This observational, cross-sectional analysis examined this association. Results are from 2932 women (mean age 83.5 years) in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures between 2002 and 2004. Cognitive function was measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making B Test (Trails B). Cognitive impairment was defined as MMSE < 26 or Trails B > 278 seconds. Sleep parameters measured objectively using actigraphy included total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and total nap time. There were 305 women (10.6%) with MMSE < 26 and 257 women (9.3%) with Trails B > 278 seconds. Compared with women with sleep efficiency > or = 70%, those with <70% had a higher risk of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 26 multivariate odds ratio [MOR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.16; Trails B > 278 MOR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.43-2.67). Higher sleep latency was associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment (per half hour: MMSE < 26 MOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.13-1.33; Trails B > 278 MOR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24), as was higher WASO (per half hour: MMSE < 26 MOR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23; Trails B > 278 MOR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.34). Women who napped > or = 2 hours per day had a higher risk (MMSE < 26 MOR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05-1.93; Trails B > 278 MOR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.40). There was no significant relationship for total sleep time. Objectively measured disturbed sleep was consistently related to poorer cognition, whereas total sleep time was not. This finding may suggest that it is disturbance of sleep rather than quantity that affects cognition.

A comparison of behavioral disturbances in Alzheimers disease(AD)and Vascular dementia(VD)

目的 比较阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VD)的精神行为症状.方法采用简易痴呆筛选量表(MMSE)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、Sandoz老年临床评定量表(SCAG)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、Nuremberg老年问卷(NAI)和哈金斯基缺血指数(HIS)对阿尔茨海默病157例及血管性痴呆150例进行测试.结果两组患者有不同程度的精神行为症状,情绪症状多见,AD组患者中有情绪症状79.6%,VD组出现情绪症状86.0%,两组患者出现多项情绪症状比较存在显著性差异(P<0.05),VD患者出现更多的情绪症状.结论 AD和VD患者精神行为症状发生率高,应予高度重视。

The quantification of the relative effects of age and NART‐predicted IQ on cognitive function in healthy old people

AbstractThe cognitive function of 598 healthy old people aged 70 years or over resident in the community was measured by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and National Adult Reading Test (NART). The 598 subjects, who were asymptomatic and on no medication, showed no significant correlation between age and NART‐predicted intelligence quotient (NARTIQ), but there were significant correlations between both age and MMSE score and NARTIQ and MMSE score. These cross‐sectional data suggest that the rate of decline of cognitive function may be significantly greater in subjects with lower NARTIQs; however, longitudinal data are required to test this hypothesis. The provision of normative data from a substantial number of community‐resident old people should assist later studies designed to detect the precise effects of cerebral pathology or systemic disease on cognitive function in old people.