Recovery Measures Research Articles

Signal Processing with Machine Learning for Context Awareness in 5G Communication Technology

To meet users’ expectations for speed and reliability, 5th Generation (5G) networks and other forms of mobile communication of the future will need to be highly efficient, flexible, and nimble. Because of the expected density and complexity of 5G networks, sophisticated network control across all layers is essential. In this context, self-organizing network (SON) is among the essential solutions for managing the next generation of mobile communication networks. Self-optimization, self-configuration, and self-healing (SH) are typical SON functions. This research creates a framework for analyzing SH by exploring the impact of recovery measures taken in precarious stages of health. For this reason, our suggested architecture takes into account both detection and compensating operations. The system is broken down into some faulty states and the “fuzzy c-means” (FCM) approach is used to conduct the classifying. In the compensation process, the network is characterized as the Markov decision model (MDM), and the linear programming (LP) technique is implemented to find the most effective strategy for reaching a goal. Numerical findings acquired from a variety of situations with varying objectives show that the suggested method with optimized operations in the compensation stage exceeds the approach with randomly chosen actions.

Assessment of the physiological vulnerability of the endemic and critically endangered Daggernose Shark: A comparative approach to other Carcharhiniformes

IntroductionThe current Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus (Daggernose Shark) population status Q7points to 99% losses in the last decade due to certain biological traits, site fidelity, and historical high representativeness as bycatch in artisanal fisheries. This species is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), both in the IUCN and the Brazilian Red Lists. Its vulnerability is so high that its recovery potential requires protection from ongoing fishing pressure.ObjectiveIn this context, this study aimed to evaluate the health status of Daggernose sharks and their ability to cope with allostatic overload in a comparative analysis with other Carcharhinid and Sphyrnid sharks.MethodsSharks incidentally caught by the artisanal fleet in the state of Maranhão, on the Brazilian Amazon Coast, were sampled for blood, and serum was used to assess biochemical markers.ResultsThe findings indicate significant differences in Daggernose Shark homeostatic capacity for ALP, ALT/GTP, creatinine, lactate, urea, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, pointing to lower health scores and recovery capacity when compared to other Carcharhiniformes inhabiting the same region.Discussion and conclusionsIt is possible that such vulnerability is a result of fisheries-induced evolution, leading to remaining populations with very low chances of fully recovering. Conservation planning is thus urgent, as current legislation based on fishing bans does very little for the species. International collaboration and longterm recovery measures are necessary, including the creation of MPAs specially designed for the species and captive maintenance aiming to monitor health status and carry out breeding attempts.

UV-Laser ablation enhanced Joule-heating catalyst support for electrified MSR in microreactor

Methanol is a promising hydrogen carrier, where hydrogen-rich gas can be produced by methanol steam reforming (MSR). However, this method of releasing hydrogen is highly energy consuming. Herein, the Joule-heating catalyst support (JHCS) was fabricated by a FeCrAl metal to enhance the efficiency of electrification, replacing the conventional external heating method. The heat can be provided for the reforming reaction directly inside the microreactor by the Joule-heating method. The Joule-heating reactor showed a faster thermal response than the externally heated reactor; the start-up heating time and the time of a start-stop cycle are about 75 % and 50 % of those for external heating, respectively. The methanol conversion rate of the Joule-heating microreactor was 91.45 % at 280 °C, improved by nearly 30 % than the external heating counterpart. The consumed power density of the Joule-heating microreactor was 2 W/cm3, only 15.8 % of external heating (12.61 W/cm3). The reforming efficiency reached 51.91 % without any waste heat recovery measures, about 4 times of the external heating method. Heat transfer simulation verified the minimal radial temperature gradient in the microreactor eliminated by JHCS. The proposed JHCS method demonstrates a uniform microreactor temperature distribution and superior hydrogen production performance with lower power consumption.

Ultrasonic assisted magnetic solid phase extraction of ultra-trace mercury with ionic liquid functionalized materials

Due to the agglomeration between particles, the inherent adsorption characteristics of magnetic powder materials are usually difficult to fully display. Taking ionic liquid functional materials as an example, the enrichment behavior of these adsorbents for trace mercury (Hg2+) in ultrasonic (US) assisted dispersion mode was systematically studied. The dissociation of protonic ionic liquids (IL) occur in the process of dispersion and the strong electrostatic attraction can improve the diffusion and adhesion of mercury on the adsorbent surface. Spectral measurement data showed that with the help of US, the more uniform dispersion of magnetic materials accelerated the adsorption of trace Hg2+. Ultrasonic intrinsic parameters such as frequency, power and radiation duration significantly affect the dispersion and apparent adsorption properties of magnetic functional materials. In the range of experimental parameters, the dye/paper image experimental results documents that there is a positive correlation between cavitation effect and ultrasonic frequency/power. The enrichment degree of fixed adsorbate (0.1 μg L−1) under high frequency (59 kHz) or high-power input (100%) is 1–2 times higher than that under low frequency (40 kHz) or low power (60%) input. This is a valuable conclusion for the subsequent study of US dispersion of magnetic and even non-magnetic powder materials. In addition, the in-situ desorption and accurate measurement of adsorbed mercury were realized by combining slurry vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (SVG-AFS). The constructed US assisted magnetic solid phase extraction (US-MSPE) method has the characteristics of low detection limit (0.36 ng L−1), high recovery (>90%), sustainable utilization (>3) and reasonable measurement deviation (<5%), which can meet the requirements of ultra-trace Hg2+ (0.01–1.0 μg L−1).

Managerial decisions to recover from Covid-19 disruption: A multi-objective optimization approach applied to public transport operators

The resilience of transport systems, facing natural or man-made disruptions, has been widely discussed in literature in terms of recovery capabilities concerning infrastructures, suggesting solutions to provide users an acceptable level of service along the interrupted network. However, in the context of the Covid-19 outbreak, the disruption has stressed the resilience of transport systems not on the supply side but rather at organizational level for transport service providers. Indeed, the sudden and drastic decrease in users due to the restrictions imposed by governments to limit the pandemic spread has implicated severe economic consequences in the running of transport companies. In this paper, attention has been focused on the public transport sector to analyse the effects of different initiatives, which companies could undertake in response to the demand shock caused by the Covid-19 emergency. Notably, an optimization procedure has been developed with the aim of determining feasible Pareto-front solutions, which correspond to trade-off conditions for the concurrent maximization of the company profit and the minimization of outsourcing services. The time span necessary to implement the examined recovery measures has been considered together with the limitation to appropriate threshold values for the main cost and income items influencing the company operations management. The proposed approach has been applied to the case study of an Italian public transport company to appraise different post-Covid-19 resilience strategies.

Presenting symptoms as prognostic measures of mental health recovery among service members with concussion.

Comorbid mental illness may negatively impact recovery from concussion. This study evaluated whether the level of symptom clusters at clinic intake contribute to poor mental health recovery in concussed patients during treatment, which may in turn serve as a target intervention. The objective of this study is to examine the association between the level of initial symptoms and mental health symptoms among service members with concussion. Data were obtained from 483 active duty service members treated in interdisciplinary treatment programs for traumatic brain injury, all of which were concussions. Pre-treatment symptom clusters included self-reported hyperarousal, dissociation/depression, cognitive dysfunction/headache and neurological symptoms. The outcomes, clinically-relevant decreases in depressive symptoms (assessed by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-8) and PTSD symptoms (assessed by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5), were defined as a decrease in PHQ-8 > 5 and PCL-5 > 7, respectively. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to evaluate the relationship between the level of each symptom cluster and clinically-relevant decrease in outcomes. Participants with higher (vs. lower) levels of pre-treatment hyperarousal and dissociation/depression symptom cluster were less likely to improve in depressive and PTSD symptoms during treatment. The level of cognitive/headache and neurological symptom clusters were not significantly associated with any symptom changes. These findings support the need for individualized treatment for symptoms identified and treated after determining concussion history, with particular attention to high levels of hyperarousal and dissociation/depression prior to treatment.

Decarbonisation Pathways for the Finishing Line in a Steel Plant and Their Implications for Heat Recovery Measures

Steel production is one of the biggest emitters of greenhouse gas in the industrial sector with about 8% of total global CO2 emissions. Although the majority of emissions can be attributed to primary steel production, there is also potential for reducing CO2 emissions in downstream steel processing. Large industrial furnaces, which are necessary for heating steel, are currently primarily fired with natural gas and by-product gases from primary steel production, offering great potential for heat recovery measures from exhaust gases. However, switching to alternative climate-neutral fuels could change this potential and thus jeopardize the economic viability of heat recovery measures. In the present work, it was therefore examined to what extent a change in energy sources in industrial furnaces affects the potential use of heat recovery in steel processing. For this purpose, an optimization model was used that takes into account heat recovery by means of direct heat transfer, heat pumps and heat distribution systems. Potential future changes in energy supply for industrial furnaces were examined using different storylines. Two different energy price scenarios were also considered to address uncertain developments in energy markets. The results show that heat recovery is a cost-effective and definitely recommendable measure. Switching to alternative fuels has little impact on the use of heat recovery. Electrification and thus the elimination of flue gas, on the other hand, greatly reduces the potential for heat recovery.

Groundwater recharge estimation using in-situ and GRACE observations in the eastern region of the United Arab Emirates

The intensive agricultural expansion and rapid urban development in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates (UAE) have resulted in a major decline in local and regional groundwater levels. By using the latest release (RL06) of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite measurements and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) products, the groundwater storage change was computed and compared with the time series of in-situ monitoring wells over the period of 2010–2016. The RL06 GRACE products from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), University of Texas Center for Space Research (CSR), German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), and JPL mass concentrations (MASCON) were assessed and have shown satisfactory agreements with the monitoring wells. The JPL MASCON reflected the in-situ groundwater storage change better than the other GRACE products (R = 0.5, lag =1 month, RMSE = 13 mm). The groundwater recharge is estimated for the study area and compared with the in-situ recharge method that considers multi recharge components from the rainfall, irrigation return flow and internal fluxes. The results show that the agreements between in-situ and GRACE-derived recharge estimates are highly agreeable (e.g., R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 1.5 Mm3 to 7.8 Mm3, and Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency = 0.7). Using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope, the analyses of policies, number of wells, and farm areal expansion with groundwater time series derived from GRACE helped to validate GRACE and emphasize the importance of regulations for sustainable development of groundwater resources. The impacts of subsidy cuts after 2010 can be captured from the GRACE data in the eastern region of Abu Dhabi Emirate. The linear trend of groundwater storage anomaly obtained from GRACE over the period from 2003 to 2010 is −6.36 ± 0.6 mm/year while it showed a decline trend of −1.2 ± 0.6 mm/year after the subsidy cut. The proposed approach has a potential application for estimating groundwater recharge in other arid regions where in-situ monitoring wells are limited or absent.

Recovery of Disputed Tax Claims

Tax-levying jurisdictions have to grapple with the tension between affording taxpayers a right to effective remedies and the revenue authority’s responsibility to efficiently and effectively collect taxes. This article shows that, in the main, jurisdictions tend to follow a rule-exception approach in terms whereof they deviate from their stance on whether or not disputed tax claims should be recovered pending the adjudication of the dispute in certain instances. This ensures proportionality to ensure that appropriate means are used to obtain policy objectives. Nonetheless, some jurisdictions apply the principle of “solve et repete”, in terms whereof taxpayers cannot challenge the assessment before they have paid at least part of the assessed amount. This is devoid of any proportionality and highly questionable from a fundamental rights perspective. This article further considers the cross-border recovery of disputed tax claims and points out that the requesting tax authority should thoroughly examine the grounds for taking recovery or precautionary measures in the form of mutual assistance while the tax claim is still disputed. It must set out its considerations in its request so that the requested tax authority can assess whether action on a disputed claim is compatible with the public policy of the requested state. In that regard, the justification of a request to enforce a disputed claim is of high legal relevance for the requested tax authority and, if it is missing, the assistance has to be denied.

Nitrogen and lysine utilization efficiencies, protein turnover, and blood urea concentrations in crossbred grower pigs at marginal dietary lysine concentration.

Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and lysine utilization efficiency (LUE) are key indicators of sustainable pork production and vary depending on nutritional and non-nutritional factors. The objective was to study NUE and LUE together with concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and other metabolites in growing pigs fed diets with marginal Lys concentrations at 11-13 wk (40.5 kg mean BW) and 14 to 16 wk (60.2 kg mean BW). The cereal grain-soybean meal-based diets contained 10.6 and 7.9 g Lys/kg DM in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Feed intake and BW were measured for 508 individually penned pigs, and blood samples were collected 5 h after morning feeding at weeks 13 and 16. A subgroup of 48 barrows was used in a nitrogen (N) metabolism trial at weeks 13 and 16. In this subgroup, the mean N retention of pigs (27.3 g N/d) and mean LUE (70%) were not different between the periods, but NUE was higher in period 1 (47%) than in period 2 (43%) (P < 0.001). After administration of a single dose of 15N labeled glycine and measurement of 15N recovery in urine, the calculated whole-body protein turnover did not differ between the periods. The rate of protein synthesis was positively correlated with NUE (P < 0.001), but protein degradation was not. Excretion of urea-N in urine accounted for 80% of the total urinary N and was positively correlated with BUN. The N retention of all 508 pigs was estimated using an equation that was derived from the N metabolism data. N retention was on average 31.4 g/d, equal in both periods, and higher in barrows than in gilts in period 2, but not in period 1 (P = 0.003). The calculated NUE was, on average, 47% and was lower in barrows than in gilts (P < 0.001) and higher in period 1 than in period 2 (P < 0.001). The calculated LUE was, on average, 71%, and was lower in barrows than in gilts in period 2, but not in period 1 (P < 0.001). The BUN concentration was higher in barrows than in gilts (P < 0.001) and higher in period 1 than in period 2 (P < 0.001). BUN concentration was negatively correlated with NUE in Periods 1 (r = -0.50) and 2 (r = -0.15) (P < 0.05). We concluded that the maximum LUE was in the range of 70-72% under the conditions of this study, and only small differences between the periods and sexes existed. Protein synthesis, rather than degradation, appears to affect NUE. BUN concentration may be useful for estimating NUE in a large group of animals fed a diet with a marginal Lys concentration.

FADIGA E SUAS VIAS DE RECUPERAÇÃO EM CORREDORES ESPORTISTAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the continuous development of running, great changes have occurred in training media, equipment, and training concepts. Running fatigue and recovery have increasingly become the direction of research by scientists worldwide. Objective: In this paper, the mechanism, causes, and measures of biological recovery in athletes during training are discussed. Method: The effects of different interventions on athletes' recovery after training were analyzed through protocoled experiments. Effective methods of fatigue recovery were presented. The study compared the variables of the sprinter's morning heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, CK, BUN, RPE, and other indicators to understand the recovery of middle and long-distance runners after training. Results: Recovery measures are effective when combined with exercise training based on the fatigue mechanism. Conclusion: Subjective sensory, physiological, and biochemical indicators are used to judge the intensity of fatigue in exercise training, and the fatigue recovery phase of exercise training is an important item to consider during training activities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Screening of Depression and Mental Health in Elite Youth Sports: Differences in Risk Estimation Between the PHQ-2 and the WHO-5

This study aims to examine whether the risk for depression differs between using a disease- and a health-oriented instrument in elite youth sport and to uncover relationships of risk with concern to age, sex, type of sport, and level of performance. A sample of 549 eleven- to twenty-one-year-old elite athletes were screened using the German versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the WHO Well-Being Index-5 (WHO-5). For external validity, the state of physical well-being and mood state, as well as recovery measures, were assessed. The proportions of athletes at high risk for mental health problems were 11.3% (PHQ-2) and 12.8% (WHO-5) of the participants. Young athletes (&lt;15 years old) and male athletes showed lower risk values compared with older or female athletes. Moreover, PHQ-2 and WHO-5 values correlated with physical well-being and subjective sleep parameters. Both instruments were practical and diagnostically conclusive. Further studies on the validation of the instruments are recommended.

Особливості інституціонального забезпечення територіальної організації господарства України в повоєнний період

The article analyzes the structure of institutional provision of the territorial organization of the economic management of Ukraine. The peculiarities of exercising their powers by territorial communities and regional authorities in the context of military aggression are allocated. The regulatory and legal provision for the activities of local self-government bodies under martial law is analyzed. The composition of the institutional provision of the territorial organization of the economic management of Ukraine is studied. The main problems faced by territorial communities in different regions after the russian full-scale invasion are identified. It is determined that during the period of hostilities, the majority of the population of the occupied and frontline regions were forced to temporarily change their place of residence both within the country or go abroad. During the period of hostilities, there was a significant decrease in the level of gross domestic product and sales of industrial products, which negatively affected the economic situation of the State. Such tendencies are explained by the temporary occupation of industrial regions and the destruction of industrial facilities. The activities of national and regional authorities in promoting economic development and social support of the population during active hostilities are studied. It is substantiated that for the full recovery of the destroyed territories, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions at the institutional level, which would contribute to ensuring transparency, openness, and effectiveness of the implemented measures. It is determined that the recovery measures are not being implemented in full due to the security situation in many areas. The main problem is a large amount of mined territory, which poses a threat to the lives of the population, so neither the housing stock nor industrial facilities can be restored in such areas until they are completely de-mined. The general directions of development of institutional provision for the territorial organization of the economic management in the conditions of post-war recovery of the country are allocated. It is substantiated that the attraction of international grants, support of international funds and programs for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises helps to develop such entrepreneurship in the western regions of the country, since internally displaced persons were able to open enterprises there, thereby assisting the region’s economy and providing the social component.

POST-PANDEMIC ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN THE U.S.: A REVIEW: DELVING INTO THE EFFICACY OF RECOVERY STRATEGIES AND POLICIES

This study presents a comprehensive review of the post-pandemic economic recovery in the United States, focusing on the efficacy of various recovery strategies and policy interventions. The research employs a systematic literature review methodology, drawing on recent academic literature, government reports, and publications from financial institutions. The inclusion criteria target studies published from 2020 onwards, with a specific focus on the U.S. economy and its recovery measures. The review identifies key themes, including the impact of government interventions, private sector adaptations, digital transformation, and the shift towards sustainability. Key findings indicate that the U.S. economic recovery has been multifaceted, with significant roles played by both government policies and private sector resilience. Fiscal stimulus packages and monetary policy adjustments have been crucial in stabilizing the economy, while businesses have innovated and digitized operations to adapt to new economic realities. The pandemic has also accelerated trends towards a digital and green economy, presenting both challenges and opportunities for future growth. The study highlights the need for continued support through fiscal and monetary policies, investment in digital infrastructure, and a focus on sustainable development to ensure robust and inclusive economic growth. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing inequalities and fostering public-private partnerships. The review concludes with recommendations for policymakers and economic leaders, emphasizing the need for flexible and adaptive policy responses. Future research directions include exploring the long-term impacts of the pandemic, the effectiveness of specific recovery policies, and the interplay between economic recovery and social issues. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of economic recovery post-pandemic and offers guidance for managing future economic challenges.

POST-PANDEMIC ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN THE U.S.: A REVIEW: DELVING INTO THE EFFICACY OF RECOVERY STRATEGIES AND POLICIES

This study presents a comprehensive review of the post-pandemic economic recovery in the United States, focusing on the efficacy of various recovery strategies and policy interventions. The research employs a systematic literature review methodology, drawing on recent academic literature, government reports, and publications from financial institutions. The inclusion criteria target studies published from 2020 onwards, with a specific focus on the U.S. economy and its recovery measures. The review identifies key themes, including the impact of government interventions, private sector adaptations, digital transformation, and the shift towards sustainability. Key findings indicate that the U.S. economic recovery has been multifaceted, with significant roles played by both government policies and private sector resilience. Fiscal stimulus packages and monetary policy adjustments have been crucial in stabilizing the economy, while businesses have innovated and digitized operations to adapt to new economic realities. The pandemic has also accelerated trends towards a digital and green economy, presenting both challenges and opportunities for future growth. The study highlights the need for continued support through fiscal and monetary policies, investment in digital infrastructure, and a focus on sustainable development to ensure robust and inclusive economic growth. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing inequalities and fostering public-private partnerships. The review concludes with recommendations for policymakers and economic leaders, emphasizing the need for flexible and adaptive policy responses. Future research directions include exploring the long-term impacts of the pandemic, the effectiveness of specific recovery policies, and the interplay between economic recovery and social issues. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of economic recovery post-pandemic and offers guidance for managing future economic challenges.

Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Batteries: Review and Critical Appraisal

The most environmentally damaging aspect of using electric vehicles is the batteries. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach has been widely used to conduct inventory analysis of energy usage and GHG emissions throughout battery production and assembly. There are many analytical frameworks and models for conducting LCA, but each method uses different results. This study aims to investigate numerous LCA studies on electric vehicle batteries using ISO 14040 and its derivatives. We propose the limits of a cradle-to-grave system so that LCA provides optimal results for comparative studies and potential for continuous improvement. A schematic overview of the electric car battery life cycle covers material extraction, material processing, product manufacture, product use, and end-of-life recovery measures. Global warming, eutrophication, acidification, ozone depletion, abiotic depletion, particulate matter, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and Cumulated Energy Demand (CED) are all impact categories in LCA study.

Improvement of mechanisms of formation and implementation the state export policy in Ukraine

It was assessment the prospects for the application of an export-oriented growth strategy in Ukraine as the basis of the economic growth strategy based on the analysis of foreign practices and achieved economic results. It has been established that the effectiveness of the implementation of the export-oriented growth strategy in our country will be successful only with the active introduction of innovative technologies in the production of goods and services due to the inflow of direct foreign investments in export-oriented sectors of the economy. The draft plan of measures for the post-war recovery and development of Ukraine was analyzed. A number of measures necessary for the implementation of the export-oriented growth strategy were identified. The institutional, financial and resource support of export activity are analyzed. It has been established that the existing network of trade support institutions in Ukraine is not able to fully ensure the proper level of effective support for Ukrainian exporters on international markets. Furthermore, the mechanism of interaction and cooperation of state export support institutions, in particular the International Trade Council under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, with other institutions in the field of international trade and enterprises of the real sector of the economy is imperfect. It was noted that the realization of export entrepreneurial potential in Ukraine is held back today not only by global factors (pandemic, war etc.), but also by internal obstacles, among which, in particular, the absence of a strategic document in the export activity of the state - the Export Strategy of Ukraine, which would cover the main principles of export policy implementation during the war and during the post-war recovery period. It has been argued the necessity to updating and actualization the Export Strategy of Ukraine, which will determine the main directions of development of Ukraine's international trade and support of export-oriented enterprises, especially small and medium-sized businesses, taking into account new challenges and prospects. It was noted that state and non-state, including with the participation of international organizations, financial and non-financial support of export activities are important tools for financial and resource support of domestic exports today. It has been argued the necessity of introducing a mechanism of insurance of investments of domestic and foreign investors against military risks in Ukraine. Measures to increase the effectiveness of the consultative and advisory activities of the International Trade Council and the financial capacity of domestic exporters, including with the participation of the Export Credit Agency, was proposed.

Application Effect of Clinical Nursing Pathway Combined with Individualized Nursing Intervention in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease, which affects the health and quality of life of patients seriously. The purpose of this study is to study the clinical nursing pathway combined with individualized nursing intervention in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A prospective study design was used to select samples of 100 patients with active tuberculosis. Patients’ clinical data and assessment data on the quality of life were collected and statistically analyzed to evaluate the effect of clinical care pathway combined with individualized care intervention. The research results showed that clinical nursing pathways combined with individualized nursing intervention significantly improved clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. To be specific, the treatment group got significantly higher score than the control group on measures of symptom reduction, physical recovery, mental state, social functioning and ability to live daily. In addition, the effect of individualized nursing interventions is influenced by a variety of factors, including age, severity of the condition, and treatment compliance. In conclusion, clinical nursing pathway combined with individualized nursing intervention is an effective nursing model, which can significantly improve the clinical effect and quality of life of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Бізнес у воєнний час: особливості оподаткування

The article examines the peculiarities of tax support for business development during the war period. The measures of the State support and stimulation of development of small and medium-sized businesses during the period of hostilities are substantiated. The article identifies the peculiarities of taxation of types of economic activity, which are subject to tax benefits during the period of martial law. It is determined that for this period the government has suspended the State supervision (control) and the State market surveillance, but in order to prevent an uncontrolled increase in prices for products and goods of social importance, such inspections can be carried out. The peculiarities of taxation of enterprises in different sectors of economy are analyzed. The sources of formation of the State Budget of Ukraine in the post-war period are examined, allowing to determine that today most of the budget is formed at the expense of taxes and funds from foreign countries and international organizations. Measures to support industry and business in the post-war are allocated. The importance of promoting the development of the social component of the affected regions by creating the necessary conditions for the return of citizens to such regions is substantiated. The necessity of developing and implementing measures for the post-war recovery of the country’s economy is proved, taking into account the rationality and existing socioeconomic potential of the territories. The regional peculiarities of relocation of small and medium-sized businesses during the period of hostilities are examined. Based on this, the regions in which the largest number of relocated enterprises were situated and the regions from which most enterprises were forced to leave are determined.

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With the beginning of the large-scale invasion of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, Ukrainian military personnel of the Defense Forces of Ukraine, after participating in combat operations, began to experience combat stress, which manifested itself in the form of acute stress reactions, affective and anxiety disorders, adaptation disorders, addictive and delinquent behavior, suicidal manifestations. Therefore, for such military personnel, after long-term participation in hostilities, it is necessary to carry out measures of psychological recovery. The developed seven-day "Invincibility Program" was implemented during 2022?2023 in a rehabilitation center located not far from the combat zone, where more than 3500 military personnel underwent psychological recovery. The purpose of the psychological recovery program for military personnel after participating in combat operations was to eliminate the negative impact of combat stress on the psyche of combatants, strengthen mental health and mobilize their psychological resources, improve adaptation to combat conditions, and return military personnel to combat activities as soon as possible. In order to carry out the psychological recovery of military personnel after the completion of combat missions, the testimony was formulated, which established the fact that the combatants experienced events that go beyond ordinary human experience, capable of traumatizing the psyche of any healthy person. The main measures included in the "Invincibility Program" were conducted in group form and consisted of three blocks: psychological, medical, and social. The program's activities led to an improvement in the mental state and positive significant changes in the well-being of its participants, the mobilization of psychological resources, and an increase in the resilience of military personnel to combat stress.