Score Mean Research Articles

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Microsurgical Clipping Treatments of Cerebral Aneurysms.

Background: This study investigates the application of Machine Learning techniques to predict clinical outcomes in microsurgical clipping treatments of cerebral aneurysms, aiming to enhance healthcare processes through informed clinical decision making. Methods: Relying on a dataset of 344 patients' preoperative characteristics, various ML classifiers were trained to predict outcomes measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The study's results were reported through the means of ROC-AUC scores for outcome prediction and the identification of key predictors using SHAP analysis. Results: The trained models achieved ROC-AUC scores of 0.72 ± 0.03 for specific GOS outcome prediction and 0.78 ± 0.02 for binary classification of outcomes. The SHAP explanation analysis identified intubation as the most impactful factor influencing treatment outcomes' predictions for the trained models. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the potential of ML for predicting surgical outcomes of ruptured cerebral aneurysm treatments. It acknowledged the need for high-quality datasets and external validation to enhance model accuracy and generalizability.

Personal and Workplace Characteristics as Predictors of Intent-To-Stay Among Registered Nurses: An Exploratory Quantitative Multicentre Study.

This study aims to describe and examine the factors associated with registered nurses' intent-to-stay and subsequently identify predictors of nurses' intent-to-stay. A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 270 registered nurses completed the questionnaire and was included in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to present the sociodemographic characteristics and scores of outcome measures. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression with backward selection were conducted to examine how nurses' characteristics and workplace factors influence nurses' intent-to-stay. The mean age of the participants was 29.2 years. The mean scores for the outcomes were intent-to-stay (mean = 2.96), resilience (mean = 3.34), occupational self-efficacy (mean = 4.34), sleep quality (mean = 9.73) and workplace environment scores (mean = 3.15). The correlation analysis showed that resilience, occupational self-efficacy, self-realisation and workload were positively correlated to intent-to-stay while sleep quality was negatively correlated to intent-to-stay. Multiple linear regression analysis found occupational self-efficacy, sleep quality, workload, nervousness, nurses' designation and specialisation status to be significant factors associated with intent-to-stay. Intent-to-stay is a complex and multidimensional construct influenced by a variety of personal and workplace factors. Hospital administrators should endeavour to develop measures to improve occupational self-efficacy, workload, nervousness and push for specialisation training to bolster nurses' intent-to-stay. Against an everchanging healthcare landscape following the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors of registered nurses' intent-to-stay. The findings of this study alluded to the importance of professional development and workload as factors that can influence registered nurses' intent-to-stay. Hospital administrators can prioritise workforce retention policies by introducing strategies such as opportunities for upskilling, flexible working hours and streamlining work processes to promote nurses' intent-to-stay. No patient or public contribution.

Corporate Social Responsibility Performance of Oil Multinationals in the Niger Delta: From the Eyes of Host Communities

This paper examined CSR performance of oil companies from the perspective of host communities in the Niger Delta. A questionnaire instrument was employed to elicit the perceptions of host communities using 355 participants selected by random sampling from 48 communities across three states. The data were analyzed with descriptive method, Kendall’s W test and Mean Rank Statistics. The results showed a weighted mean score less than 3.0 performance score criterion for all specified CSR dimensions indicating a perception of poor performance in each dimension. The mean of the mean scores was also less than 3.0, indicating a perception of poor overall performance. The Kendall’s W was 0.831; X2 was 507.037 at p=.000, indicating a high level of concordance between the respondents from the communities in their perception about CSR performance by oil companies. The results indicated high level of dissatisfaction by host communities about the CSR performance of oil companies.

Jeet Wheel Scale: A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Children.

One of the major concerns of the current era is dental anxiety in Pediatric Dentistry. Kids are very well adapted to emojis or emoticons nowadays, and they represent emotions or moods better than a cartoon picture. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a newly designed anxiety rating scale. The Jeet Wheel Scale (JWS) uses emoticons and colors to assess the anxiety or mood of the child during the first visit of the child. The aim was to establish the novel anxiety rating scale and compare it with the Venham Picture Test (VPT) and Facial Image Scale (FIS). The study included 100 healthy children aged 4-8 years, and their dental anxiety was assessed using the JWS, VPT, and FIS at their first dental appointment, along with their scale preference. The mean and standard deviation of anxiety scores measured using the FIS, VPT, and JWS were 1.67 ± 0.88, 1.99 ± 1.17, and 2.79 ± 1.35, respectively. Among the scales used, a significant difference was observed. A strong correlation was observed with the Pearson correlation test. The results indicated a strong correlation (0.863) between the JWS and VPT, and a strong correlation (0.802) between the JWS and the FIS. Based on the above observations, it could be confirmed that the JWS has high validity. Children preferred the JWS over the other two established scales. The JWS was found to be more efficient for assessing dental anxiety in children. Chakraborty S, Jana S, Dey B, et al. Jeet Wheel Scale: A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):898-902.

Abstract A121: Cervical cancer screening among Hispanic women in Lake County, Indiana: Knowledge, practices and willingness to adopt new testing methods

Abstract Cervical cancer screening has significantly reduced incidence and mortality rates in the U.S., yet disparities in screening rates persist. Hispanic women are 40% more likely to be diagnosed and 30% more likely to die from cervical cancer compared to non-Hispanic whites. Indiana ranks among the top ten states with highest rates of cervical cancer mortality, with Lake County having the highest mortality rates and largest Hispanic population in the state. Clinical screening guidelines now include primary HPV testing without cytology allowing for innovations like HPV self-sampling and rapid testing, which can increase screening coverage among medically underserved populations. This study aimed to examine knowledge, practices, attitudes towards cervical cancer screening, and willingness to adopt screening innovations among Hispanic women in Lake County, Indiana. A mixed-methods study with an online cross-sectional survey of white, non-Hispanic and Hispanic individuals with a cervix aged 21-65 residing in Lake County (n=231), followed by in-depth interviews with a subset of Hispanic respondents (n=9). Outcome variables included cervical cancer knowledge, willingness to adopt HPV self-sampling at home/ in clinic, and willingness to adopt an HPV rapid test. A knowledge score was created using a scale based on 7 questions. Using SPSS, a t-test to compare knowledge score means and associations between demographic and outcome variables were analyzed. Interviews were thematically analyzed using NVIVO software. Most participants identified as Hispanic (58%) and were 31 or older (58%). 71.9% had been screened for cervical cancer, however, 24.7% reported never or being overdue for screening. There was a significant difference in means of knowledge scores between white, non-Hispanic (M=4.17, SD=2.25) and Hispanics (M=3.23, SD=2.15) (p-value <.005). Among those willing to self-sample at home (51.9%), Hispanics were less willing (37.3%) compared to white, non-Hispanic (72.2%). Factors negatively associated with willingness to self-sample include being Hispanic (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.62), having Medicaid (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.94), and being uninsured (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.60). Factors positively associated with willingness include never been married (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.16-6.50), unemployed (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.16-6.50), high-risk perception (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.13-6.88), and having used rapid tests before (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.13-7.31). Qualitative analysis identified concerns among participants about performing the test incorrectly (lack of self-efficacy) and remembering to perform the test. Benefits included increased comfort and less fear. While some testing methods are often considered more beneficial for cervical cancer screening among vulnerable populations, our study revealed that these populations may not readily accept or adopt them for various reasons. Understanding and addressing these is critical to increasing willingness to adopt new testing methods. Future efforts involve focus groups with Hispanic women to expand on these findings. Citation Format: Layla A. Claure, Lara Balian, Natalia Rodriguez. Cervical cancer screening among Hispanic women in Lake County, Indiana: Knowledge, practices and willingness to adopt new testing methods [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A121.

Unilateral Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Lesion of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Study.

Unilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) ablation using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is being explored as a new treatment for asymmetric Parkinson's disease (PD). The aims were to study the efficacy and safety of this treatment in asymmetric PD patients and to characterize the lesions. This prospective, single-center, open-label study evaluated asymmetric PD patients at 6 (n = 20) and 12 months (n = 12) after MRgFUS lesion of the STN. The primary outcome was the change in the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III (MDS-UPDRS III), score in off medication on the treated side and the adverse events (AEs) at 6-month follow-up. We also evaluated cognitive-neuropsychological changes, self-assessment of clinical improvement, and the correlation of the lesion volume with the motor outcomes. On the treated side, the MDS-UPDRS III score (mean difference = 13.8) and the scores in rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor improved (P < 0.001) throughout the follow-up compared to baseline (at 6 months: rigidity mean difference = 2.8, improvement: 83.5%; bradykinesia mean difference = 6.0, improvement: 69.4%; tremor mean difference = 4.7, improvement: 91.5%). One patient had severe weakness in the treated hemibody, 1 had moderate dyskinesia, and 1 was in moderate confusional state that became mild (weakness) or completely resolved (dyskinesia and confusional state) at 6 months. The rest of the AEs were mild. We observed no clinically relevant changes in cognitive-neuropsychological tests. The percentage of ablation of the STN correlated with the improvement in the total MDS-UPDRS III and contralateral tremor scores (P < 0.05). Unilateral MRgFUS lesion of the STN resulted in a significant motor improvement. We observed no persistent severe AEs, although mild, mostly transient AEs were frequent. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Strategic Learning Strategies of Doctor of Physical Therapy Students

Introduction. The use of strategic learning strategies has been positively associated with academic performance in several graduate health profession programs. This finding suggests that it may be an important construct to explore in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education. The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) summarizes a student's perception and use of 10 learning and study strategies. Review of Literature. Although the LASSI has limited reporting in DPT education, other health care education programs have shown correlation with academic performance. The purpose of this study was to examine DPT students' early perceptions of strategic learning with descriptive summaries of LASSI data and examine correlations between demographic and admissions-related data. Subjects. Matriculated DPT students (n = 294) at a 2-year hybrid program who completed the LASSI at orientation in 2020 and 2021. Methods. This was a descriptive study that retrospectively analyzed LASSI scores in entry-level DPT students. LASSI score differences among demographic groups and Spearman's rho correlations between the LASSI, Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, grade point averages, grit, and emotional intelligence (EI) were explored. Results. LASSI score means were in the 50th–75th percentile (moderate category) suggesting a need for further development in strategic learning. Group differences in LASSI scores were noted for gender identity (male higher Anxiety management, P &lt; .001; female higher Attitude, P &lt; .001, Time Management, P = .003, and Use of Academic Resources, P = .003), racial–ethnic minoritized group (higher Self-regulation, P = .013), first-generation college students (higher Attitude, P = .047), physical therapy assistants (higher Information Processing, P = .047), students with a primary language other than English (higher Time Management, P = .046), and older students (higher Anxiety management, P = .026). Weak but significant correlations were identified between LASSI scale and component scores and several admissions variables. Highest correlations were with grit (Will, ρ = 0.319, P &lt; .001; Concentration, ρ = 0.312, P &lt; .001), EI (Will, ρ = 0.328, P &lt; .001; Attitude, ρ = 0.302, P &lt; .001; Self-regulation, ρ = 0.382, P &lt; .001; Use of Academic Resources ρ = 0.331, P &lt; .001), and quantitative GRE scores (Anxiety management, ρ = 0.341, P &lt; .001). Discussion/Conclusion. All LASSI scale scores and components were in the moderate category, potentially indicating a need to coach and develop strategic learning strategies. Group differences in LASSI scores may represent varied student needs. The weak relationship between LASSI scores and admissions variables could suggest that the constructs measured by LASSI are not currently captured through typical DPT admissions practices.

Pengaruh Kartu Huruf Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas II di Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of letter card media on students' initial reading ability in Indonesian Language subject grade II in elementary school. This research is a quantitative research with an experimental research method with a quasi experiment type. The sample of this study was taken using a saturated sampling technique consisting of two classes, namely class II A with 20 students as a control class without using letter cards and class II B with 20 students as an experimental class using letter card media. The data collection technique used in this study is a performance test (initial reading test) using pretest and posttest. The results of the research from both classes, namely in the pretest, had an average value (Mean) of the experimental class of 52.50 and the control class of 49.69. At the time of the posttest, the average score (Mean) of the experimental class was 80.94 and the control class was 59.69. The results of the hypothesis show that the tcount value &gt; the table is 5,146 &gt; 1,684 which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So, the hypothesis states that the letter card media has an effect on students' initial reading ability in Indonesian subjects grade II at UPT SDN 060816 Medan.

Level of awareness on the sustainable development goals among Indian youth: Empirical evidence from Northern India

In India, government has made many policies and plans to contribute in the attainment of SDGs but being a developing nation with a large population and vast geographical expanse, the attainment of SDGs is a big task. In the 2022 Global Index of SDGs, India ranked 121 out of 163 countries. The present research's objective was to measure the awareness among universities students. Two stage cluster sampling was used for sample selection. In the first stage, 4 cities from the Northern part of India were selected and in second stage, from each city, selection of subjects was done. 546 subjects were contacted, and 335 participated. Survey was conducted using questionnaires (Odoom, Mensah, Dick‑Sagoe, Lee, Opoku &amp; Obeng‑Baah, 2024). The scale has questions related to all the SDGs. Results showed that subjects had moderate awareness about SDG5, SDG6, SDG7, SDG9, SDG13 and SDG15 with the respective mean score (Mean 3.32, 3.77, 3.80, 3.27, 3.79, &amp; 3.27) and had low awareness for SDG10, SDG11, SDG16, and SDG17 with the respective mean score (Mean 2.95, 2.86, 2.95, &amp; 2.86). Results showed significant difference in the SDGs awareness among male and female. For SDG2, SDG3, SDG4, SDG9, SDG14, SDG15 and SDG17, the awareness was higher in male (respective mean rank score182.80, 181.76, 176.29, 181.80, 217.26, 184.95, 194.08) than female (respective mean rank score 152.01, 153.12, 159.04, 153.09, 122.42, 149.68, 139.81). For SDG5, SDG6, SDG7, SDG10, SDG11, SDG12, SDG13, SDG16, the awareness was higher in female (respective mean score 224.19, 224.19, 196.48, 198.99, 211.51, 205.13, 219.52, 205.25) in comparison to male (respective mean score 116.01, 115.01, 141.65, 139.32, 127.74, 133.64, 120.33, 133.53). Results of the present research also imply the role of social structure in SDGs awareness and highlight the need to introduce some programs to promote the discussion on SDGs in every classroom.

Nurse Empowerment in a Tertiary University Hospital during Pandemic Crisis.

Nurse empowerment is essential to ensure delivery of the best quality patient care and attaining positive nurse outcomes. Studies describe its relationship to retention, patient safety, commitment, productivity, job satisfaction, and positive outcomes. The study aimed to determine the level of empowerment of nurses in a tertiary university hospital during the pandemic crisis. The study was an exploratory descriptive cross-sectional design. Participants (N = 176, Nurses) were randomly selected through a sampling frame. The validated self-administered questionnaire, the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II, was used for data collection. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were statistically significant differences between the means of the participants' empowerment scores when grouped according to their demographic profile. The study found that the nurses in the tertiary university hospital have an overall moderate level of empowerment (TSE = 22.69, SD = 3.53; GE = 3.72, SD = 1.01). It was also found that there were statistically significant differences between the means of their total structural and global empowerment scores when grouped according to their age group, civil status, length of service, level of position, and area designation; while no statistically significant difference existed when grouped by their sex and level of education. Since nurse empowerment leads to positive nurse and patient outcomes, improving levels of empowerment is thus essential. The results of this study will help administrators identify groups of nurses with relatively lower levels of empowerment and in turn develop programs that will help improve their levels of empowerment.

Neighborhood Safety Concerns and the Onset of Depressive Symptoms Among Women: A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study in South Korea.

Neighborhood safety is crucial for the well-being of residents; however, longitudinal evidence is scarce. This study explored the association between neighborhood safety concerns and depressive symptoms among women. A nationally representative sample of 10,008 women was surveyed in 2016. Six dimensions of neighborhood safety concerns were assessed: crime, food, safety at night, traffic accidents, building and facility, and general safety. The total score for neighborhood safety concerns ranged from 6 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater concerns. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression. For cross-sectional analyses, we explored how neighborhood safety concerns were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at baseline. For the longitudinal analyses, we explored how they were associated with depressive symptom onset at the 2-year follow-up (2018) among women without depressive symptoms at baseline (n = 7,643). Logistic regressions were employed. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of the neighborhood safety concern score was 12.7 (3.3). In the cross-sectional analysis, a 1-SD increase in neighborhood safety concern score was associated with 1.23-fold (95% CI: 1.13-1.35) increase in the odds of concurrent depressive symptoms at the baseline year. In the longitudinal analysis, a 1-SD increase in neighborhood safety concern score was associated with 1.15-fold (95% CI: 1.03-1.29) increase in the odds of experiencing the onset of depressive symptoms at the follow-up year. This study suggests that neighborhood safety concerns are risk factors for the development of depressive symptoms of female residents. Policy efforts are necessary to ensure community safety.

Health-Related Quality of Life with Six Domains: A Comparison of Healthcare Providers without Chronic Diseases and Participants with Chronic Diseases.

Background/Objectives: This study aims to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between healthcare providers without chronic diseases and participants with chronic diseases presenting with one of the four different primary diagnoses on the health-related quality of life with six domains (HRQ-6D) scale. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to compare the HRQOL between healthcare providers without chronic diseases and participants with chronic diseases. Data collection was performed from May 2022 to May 2023. Data for the comparison group were taken from healthcare providers without chronic diseases, and for the participant group with chronic diseases, the data were collected from actual patients with one of four types of primary diagnoses who were recruited from specialist cardiology, oncology, psychiatry, and nephrology clinics. All the participants of this study filled in the HRQ-6D. Results: There were 238 (58.6%) healthcare providers without chronic diseases who participated in this study, as well as 41 (10.1%) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 48 (11.8%) patients with cancer, and 40 (9.9%) patients who were depressed, and the remaining patients had heart disease. The means (SD) of HRQ-6D scores among healthcare providers without chronic diseases for pain, physical strength, emotion, mobility, self-care, perception of future health, and overall HRQ-6D score were 75.3% (19.8), 74.5% (21.1), 85.6% (18.4%), 93.0% (12.3), 91.6% (13.9), 74.2% (23.3), and 82.4% (13.6), respectively. In comparisons between healthcare providers without chronic diseases and participants with chronic diseases, all mean differences of the overall HRQ-6D score and its domains and dimensions were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The overall score of the HRQ-6D, as well as its domains and dimensions are sensitive in detecting the study participants with chronic diseases from among those without chronic diseases. Therefore, the HRQ-6D is a reliable and valid scale to measure HRQOL. Future studies may use this scale for interventional, observational, and cost-effectiveness studies.

A - 116 A Neuropsychological Testing Protocol for Assessing Lecanemab Eligibility for Alzheimer’s Disease: the First Fifty Patients

Abstract Objective Since the FDA approved lecanemab for Alzheimer’s disease (ad) treatment in 2023, neuropsychology’s role in the treatment eligibility determination process has become increasingly important. Not only is objective evidence of cognitive impairment required for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia, but testing can be used to measure treatment efficacy and monitor for adverse effects. Our center developed a specialized protocol to assess cognitive and behavioral functioning for assisting in the eligibility determination process. Method Fifty adults (Mean Age = 73.8 years) underwent neuropsychological testing, including the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), as a part of their eligibility workup. Caregiver questionnaires were used to assess behavioral functioning. Test scores and patient outcomes were explored. Results Thirteen patients (26%) were prescribed lecanemab. Another 13 patients were deemed ineligible (five due to their cognitive results), eight patients (16%) were undecided, and 16 patients (32%) had not yet completed their workup. Of those who initiated lecanemab, eight patients (62%) had a diagnosis of MCI and six were diagnosed with mild dementia. Of these patients, eight (82%) showed an amnestic pattern on testing (RBANS Delayed Recall Standard Score Mean = 46.8). Additional analyses involving ad biomarkers, neuroimaging, and APOE status, were conducted. Conclusion Over one quarter of patients referred for neuropsychological testing as a part of their eligibility determination initiated lecanemab treatment for ad. Cognitive testing was directly related to determining ineligibility in 10% of patients. This review of an initial lecanemab treatment cohort highlights the importance of neuropsychology in the eligibility determination process.

Insights Into Hepatitis B Awareness and Vaccination Trends Among Healthcare Providers: A Comprehensive Study.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses significant occupational risks to healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of HCWs regarding HBV infection and vaccination is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies. This study aims to assess the KAPs of the HCWs regarding HBV transmission, prevention, and vaccination in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospitalfrom January 2024 to May 2024. Participants included doctors, interns, nurses, and technicians (n = 112) who completed a validated questionnaire assessing their KAPs regarding HBV infection, prevention, and vaccination. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The categorical data were presented in frequencies and percentages. The statistical significance was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine their statistical significance (p < 0.05). The majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge (mean score = 6.40), positive attitudes (mean score = 7.29), and appropriate practices (mean score = 7.11) toward HBV prevention and vaccination. Significant differences were observed based on designation with p < 0.05 (p = 0.04), with doctors consistently exhibiting higher KAP scores (mean score = 8.7) compared to nurses (mean score = 6.24) and technicians (mean score = 7.36). Our study found that while most HCWs understand hepatitis B and support vaccination, doctors exhibit superior knowledge compared to nurses and technicians. High adherence to prevention protocols is noted, but targeted educational interventions, such as workshops and continuous medical education, are needed to address knowledge gaps. Regular updates and mentorship programs can enhance understanding and foster a collaborative environment, leading to more effective hepatitis B prevention and improved patient care.

Drug Abuse and Mental Illness in Erigavo Mental Hostiptal, Erigavo, Somalia

Mental illness is an international health crisis that puts the lives of over three hundred million people (Four percent of the world’s population) at risk. The study was conducted at the Erigavo Mental Hospital in Somaliland and its main focus was the bond between substance abuse and mental illness. The research was to check the influence of the different drugs, screen mental health problems, and draw a link between drugs and mental illness. The sources of the quantitative data were a total of 27 employees and managers. This study is cross-sectional. We employed the measure of the magnitude and direction of a linear relationship between two variables with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The outcomes that were acquired show that there was use and particularly abuse of khat, substance smoking, and alcohol consumption, the score means of which were quite high. The investigation results, however, imply that through drug use and other forms of alcohol drug abuse, one of them counter various mental health problems. Furthermore, the addicted people demonstrated the tendency to use force in their attempt to solve the conflicts and to experience the highest degree of tension, with the mean score of the former giving 4.11 while the standard deviation of the latter giving 1.086, thus this shows the mental impact of drug use on the inhabitants of Erigavo. The main result of the study was the strong, positive relationship between drug addiction and mental illness, which became evident through an r - value of 0.509 and a p - value of 0.559. It means that those people who are involved in drug misuse are the ones who are likely to have mental health disorders. Based on the findings of the study, we suggest a combination of measures to recover drug addiction and mental illness. This consists in strengthening prevention. The study that lays the groundwork for suggestions, involves an approach that is holistic in nature. The main ideas of preventing drug usage, psychological health care, enhancing mental health services, and working towards certified professionals are key integrated activities of the whole concept. The hospital, thus, will be in a better position to eliminate the two major disease components namely; drug abuse and mental ailment. Thus, in this way, with the help of the new treatment approaches, a hospital provides and their patients who are quite likely to recover and lead healthy.

Comparison of the effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate in treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: A large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate on EDS and side effects. Methods: Fifty nine patients with PD and EDS [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) more than 9] were recruited in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Twenty-two patients received modafinil 200 mg daily, twenty-six patients received methylphenidate 10 mg daily, and 11 patients received placebo for 6 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and ESS were filled out at baseline and 6 weeks later. Results: There was no significant difference in demographics, PSQI, and ESS variables at baseline. The mean of ESS scores decreased significantly in modafinil (17.36 ± 5.05 vs. 10.55 ± 4.62, P < 0.001) and methylphenidate (16.27 ± 5.40 vs. 12.23 ± 6.28, P < 0.001) groups after 6-week trial, compared with control group (14.27 ± 4.49 vs. 14.09 ± 4.46, P = 0.710). The effectiveness of modafinil and methylphenidate on improving daytime sleepiness and night sleep of patients was not significantly different. Conclusion: Both modafinil and methylphenidate were effective drugs in improving EDS and quality of sleep without significant difference in efficiency and side effects.

Comparison of two methods of greater occipital nerve block in patients with chronic migraine: ultrasound-guided and landmark-based techniques

BackgroundMigraine is a primary headache defined as moderate-to-severe pain lasting 4 to 72 h, ranking 2nd among the disabling conditions for both genders regardless of the age and the greater occipital nerve (GON) block has been reported as an efficient treatment method for migraine. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the two methods of GON block, i.e., the ultrasound (US)-guided technique and the landmark-based technique.MethodHaving a prospective and randomized design, the study assigned the patients with chronic migraine into two groups after which a neurologist performed landmark-based GON block in the first group while an algologist performed US-guided GON block in the second group. During the 3-month follow-up period, the number of days with pain, the duration of pain, the number of analgesic drugs taken in a month, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were compared with the values ​​before treatment and at the 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month after treatment.ResultsUS-guided GON block group included 34 patients while there were 32 patients in the landmark-based GON block group. US-guided GON block group showed significantly reduced VAS scores and frequency of attacks compared to the landmark-based GON block group at Month 1 after the procedure. After a 3-month follow-up period of the two groups, the frequency of attacks, analgesic intake and the duration of attacks were lower in both groups compared to the baseline. At 3-month follow-up, the mean of VAS scores decreased from 9,47 ± 2,69 to 4,67 ± 1,9 in US-guided GON block group and from 9,46 ± 0,98 to 7 ± 2,5 in the landmark-based GON block group.ConclusionIt was determined that both US-guided and landmark-based GON block were efficient techniques in patients with chronic migraine. US-guided GON block technique resulted in lower VAS scores, shorter durations of pain, lower frequencies of attack, and lower intake of analgesics compared to the landmark-based GON block technique.

Enhancing educational experience through establishing a VR database in craniosynostosis: report from a single institute and systematic literature review.

Craniosynostosis is a type of skull deformity caused by premature ossification of cranial sutures in children. Given its variability and anatomical complexity, three-dimensional visualization is crucial for effective teaching and understanding. We developed a VR database with 3D models to depict these deformities and evaluated its impact on teaching efficiency, motivation, and memorability. We included all craniosynostosis cases with preoperative CT imaging treated at our institution from 2012 to 2022. Preoperative CT scans were imported into SpectoVR using a transfer function to visualize bony structures. Measurements, sub-segmentation, and anatomical teaching were performed in a fully immersive 3D VR experience using a headset. Teaching sessions were conducted in group settings where students and medical personnel explored and discussed the 3D models together, guided by a host. Participants' experiences were evaluated with a questionnaire assessing understanding, memorization, and motivation on a scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (outstanding). The questionnaire showed high satisfaction scores (mean 4.49 ± 0.25). Participants (n = 17) found the VR models comprehensible and navigable (mean 4.47 ± 0.62), with intuitive operation (mean 4.35 ± 0.79). Understanding pathology (mean 4.29 ± 0.77) and surgical procedures (mean 4.63 ± 0.5) was very satisfactory. The models improved anatomical visualization (mean 4.71 ± 0.47) and teaching effectiveness (mean 4.76 ± 0.56), with participants reporting enhanced comprehension and memorization, leading to an efficient learning process. Establishing a 3D VR database for teaching craniosynostosis shows advantages in understanding and memorization and increases motivation for the study process, thereby allowing for more efficient learning. Future applications in patient consent and teaching in other medical areas should be explored.

Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Happiness and Mental Well-Being: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) is a probiotic strain widely studied for its potential to improve human health. Previous studies have demonstrated promising results for HN001 in the improvement of mental well-being, particularly in terms of increased happiness and support for stress management in healthy adults. To further explore these findings, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 participants aged ≥ 18 years with mild to high stress measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The participants were randomly assigned to receive either HN001 or placebo for 28 days. Psychological assessments, including the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), were completed at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Secondary outcomes included changes in PSS scores, as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and total score levels measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire. While not statistically significant, participants who received HN001 showed an improvement in OHQ (mean change, 13.3) and PSS total scores (mean change, -8.1) over time compared with the placebo group (mean change, 10.2 and -6.6, respectively). Furthermore, 39% of the participants moved from not happy to happy, compared with only 29% in the placebo group. Post-hoc analysis showed a statistically significant interaction between intervention and study day for OHQ and PSS total scores, with p-values of 0.014 and 0.043, respectively. No adverse effects were observed. HN001 showed improvements in both happiness and PSS scores. Furthermore, sex subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in both outcomes, emphasizing the need for larger and longer intervention studies.

Relationship between endometriosis and uterine cervical elasticity assessed using ultrasound strain elastography.

Internal cervical os (ICO) stiffness is related to menstrual pain, a key symptom of endometriosis. The study evaluated whether women with endometriosis have a stiffer ICO than unaffected women. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using prospectively collected data from women with and without endometriosis, spanning from June 2020 to September 2022. Endometriosis was diagnosed through clinical and ultrasound evaluations, with histological confirmation in a subset of participants. Strain elastography (SE) was employed to measure tissue elasticity in four cervical regions of interest: the ICO and the anterior, posterior, and middle cervical compartments (ACC, PCC, and MCC, respectively). Tissue elasticity was quantified using a color-based scoring system ranging from 0.1 (blue, indicating less elasticity) to 3.0 (red, indicating greater elasticity). Overall, 287 women were included, with 157 diagnosed with endometriosis and 130 controls. On SE, women with endometriosis exhibited a lower color score (mean±standard deviation), indicating lower elasticity, for the ICO (0.56±0.28 vs. 0.70±0.26, P=0.001) and PCC (0.69±0.30 vs. 0.80±0.27, P=0.002). Additionally, they had a lower ICO/MCC ratio (0.45±0.28 vs. 0.60±0.32, P=0.001) and ICO/ACC ratio (0.68±0.42 vs. 0.85±0.39, P=0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that endometriosis was associated with the ICO color score (odds ratio, 0.053; 95% confidence interval, 0.014 to 0.202; R2=0.358; P=0.001), even after adjusting for confounding factors like the presence of myomas (P=0.040) and the use of hormonal therapy (P=0.001). The results were corroborated in women with histologically confirmed endometriosis (n=71). The findings suggest a potential relationship between a stiffer ICO and endometriosis.