Understanding Of Meaning Research Articles

Supporting secondary school students’ understanding of time dilation through simulation-based inquiry learning

ABSTRACT While time dilation is considered one of the most iconic outcomes of Einstein’s special theory of relativity, it is widely recognised as a challenging topic in physics education. Rather than performing classroom experiments, students may explore time dilation by performing guided virtual experiments in a simulation environment. We describe the development of a 90-minute research lesson that aims to introduce time dilation through simulation-based inquiry learning. The research lesson was designed, performed, observed and evaluated collaboratively in a team of researchers and physics teachers, following the approach of Lesson Study. Results indicate that the simulation activities supported students in uncovering and specifying cognitive conflict, and that learning gains in the simulation activities were generalised and transferred in post-lesson activities. For many students, however, it was challenging to interpret and explain the simulations correctly, especially with regard to the relativistic behaviour of light. We conclude that a stronger emphasis on foundational concepts and operational definitions may be required for students to yield meaningful conceptual understanding from the simulation activities.

Sentiment analysis of social media data: Business insights and consumer behavior trends in the USA

The digital age has reformed how organizations in the USA reach out to their consumers and has opened up more avenues for understanding consumer sentiment and behavior. This research explored consumer sentiment and behavior trends through social media data with particular emphasis on platforms popular in the USA. By analyzing various social media channels, the study aimed to determine leading trends that drive consumer perception and behavior in real-time. The present research focused on the main social media platforms used in the USA: X-Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. Sentiment analysis data was gathered using the usage of different social media platforms for their unique features and APIs. X-Twitter, being the most useful social media platform for real-time microblogging, provided a very strong API for the analyst to access the tweets, user profiles, and engagement metrics, which is very good for gathering public sentiment and trending topics. With the high volume of users, Facebook exposed the Graph API, which allowed fetching user interactions, comments, and reactions on public posts, giving insight into consumer opinions and brand perception. Also, Instagram's API enabled the collection of visual content along with captions and engagement data, enriching the analysis with multimodal sentiment insights. Three machine learning models were used, most notably, logistic regression, random forest classifier, and XG-Boost. Strategic metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the model: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. With a perfect score for the two algorithms, XG-Boost and Logistic Regression were perfectly able to classify on all metrics, while Random Forest Classifier had high scores close to the other two models, though a little lower in some metrics than the other two. The results of sentiment analysis will provide actionable insights for businesses that want to improve their positioning in the market. By interpreting the data on sentiment, companies in the USA can identify strengths and weaknesses in their offerings and make targeted improvements. Sentiment analysis has proved a crucial tool for US businesses in further improving marketing and customer engagement. Sentiment analysis will help companies in the USA create a meaningful understanding of the perceptions of the general public about its products and services.

WHERE POWER LIES: LORDLY POWER CENTRES IN THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE c. 800–1200

Toward the end of the first millennium ad, a burgeoning class of secular elites emerged throughout western Europe who developed local power centres to denote their prestige. Seigneurial investment was prioritised towards residences, as well as churches and chapels, the two elements often paired into single places in the landscape. In England, our understanding of these complexes is limited due to scant excavated evidence and skewed by the impact of the Norman Conquest, after which castles became the dominant form of aristocratic site. Previous approaches have often fetishised defensibility and promoted notions of national exceptionalism, but a more meaningful understanding of these places can be gained by adopting a broad chronological and thematic remit. Drawing upon the results of the AHRC-funded research project ‘Where Power Lies’, this paper offers a foundational evaluation of the landscape evidence for lordly centres, presenting data on their distribution in two regions, complemented by results from intensive investigation of case study locations (Bosham, West Sussex and Hornby, North Yorkshire). This allows a wider range of material signatures from lordly centres to be characterised, resulting in greater comprehension of how elites in England shaped and experienced a Europe-wide phenomenon.

Issues and Challenges of Understanding Obligatory Prayers among Primary School Students

The understanding of obligatory prayers has become a focal point in the initiative to enhance the character development of students within schools, particularly in response to the rising social issues observed among primary school students. This concern necessitates urgent attention, as many students exhibit disinterest in Islamic Education and neglect their prayer obligations. A comprehensive analysis of over 50 scholarly studies published from 2010 to 2024 reveals a growing emphasis on the importance of understanding obligatory prayers. Despite this, significant challenges remain, including a lack of awareness regarding the significance of prayer and deficiencies in comprehending its proper execution. This article seeks to critically examine these issues and the hurdles faced in promoting a deeper understanding of obligatory prayers among students. Employing methodologies such as observation and documentation, the study highlights the pressing need for an integrated educational approach that combines both religious instruction and character education. The findings suggest that merely teaching the mechanics of prayer is insufficient; instead, a structured framework for early education is essential to foster an appreciation for prayer and its moral implications. Ultimately, the research concludes that addressing these challenges requires innovative and comprehensive strategies tailored to instill a meaningful understanding of obligatory prayers among primary school students. By doing so, educators can significantly contribute to character building and mitigate social issues prevalent in this demographic. Further research is encouraged to explore effective methods for enhancing engagement with obligatory prayers, ensuring that students not only perform them but also appreciate their spiritual significance.

Concepts and Methods of Tadabbur al-Qur'an for Early Childhood: A Review of the Book Tadabbur al-Qur’an for Kids

Islam places great importance on the education of children starting from an early age. If children lack education at the beginning of their lives, some of them will grow up with corrupt morals, like lying, envy, stealing, criticizing, and interfering in other people's affairs. The Qur'anic surah that alludes to the importance of the existence of children themselves is QS. al-Kahf verse 46, Allah says: “Treasures and children are ornaments in the life of the world”. This study aims to discuss the concept and method of tadabbur al-Qur'an through analyzing the work of the Ummul Qura' editorial team, namely the book Tadabbur Al-Qur’an for Kids. By using qualitative methodology, literature study, this research focuses on two main aspects: the understanding of the editorial team of Ummul Qura' about the concept and method of tadabbur al-Qur'an for early childhood, and how it is implemented in everyday life. The results showed that the editorial team of Ummul Qura' was able to provide solutions for early childhood education by presenting an applicable and meaningful understanding, including presenting convenience for children in tadabbur al-Qur'an, making it easy to memorize the Qur'an, presenting the translation of each verse, introducing the naming of the surah of the Qur'an, tadabbur and understanding the essence of the Qur'an's science, a guide to practicing the contents of the Qur'an, complete references, inviting children to dive further, and providing motivation to become experts in the Qur'an.

BIMBINGAN TEKNIS (BIMTEK) AWAL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2024/2025: PENYUSUNAN PERANGKAT AJAR KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI UPTD SDN BATUPLAT 2 KUPANG

A technical guidance of creating teaching materials based on Merdeka curriculum framework was conducted in the beginning of academic year 2024/2025 from August 1 – 3, 2024, in UPTD SDN Batuplat 2 Kupang. The community service activity was participated by 29 participants of teachers and education personnels of UPTD SDN Batuplat 2 Kupang. This activity was carried out using training and assisting method. Qualitatively, the final survey showed that all participants obtained meaningful knowledge, understanding, and skill to create teaching materials incorporating differentiated learning. The participants were able to integrate digital learning media in the teaching materials they had created. Besides, quantitatively, the final survey indicated that as many as 26 teachers could produce differentiated learning modules according to classes and levels where they teach, 5 teachers and education personnels could produce HTML and android-based application for AKM simulation using I spring suite. Moreover, 9 teachers and education personnels could produce interactive teaching materials, quizzes, and games using web-based application, such as genially, educaplay, and wordwall.

Conceptual framework for understanding empathy in physics faculty

Faculty members play a crucial role as change agents in promoting cultural transformation within academic environments and empathy, a fundamental component of effective teaching, mentoring, and collegiality, is essential for fostering a student-centered and holistic approach. We present a theoretical model for empathy development and navigation in physics faculty as they engage with students and colleagues. Two pathways—cognitive and affective—are connected with previous work and explored. Cognitive empathy, a slower, intellectual process, is mediated through reflective witnessing, whereas affective empathy, a faster, emotional process, builds on shared or adjacent lived experiences. Understanding the nuances associated with the different pathways can inform efforts to increase participation and foster an inclusive environment, which often presumes a meaningful understanding of what best supports individual students. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Disentangled Representation Learning.

Disentangled Representation Learning (DRL) aims to learn a model capable of identifying and disentangling the underlying factors hidden in the observable data in representation form. The process of separating underlying factors of variation into variables with semantic meaning benefits in learning explainable representations of data, which imitates the meaningful understanding process of humans when observing an object or relation. As a general learning strategy, DRL has demonstrated its power in improving the model explainability, controlability, robustness, as well as generalization capacity in a wide range of scenarios such as computer vision, natural language processing, and data mining. In this article, we comprehensively investigate DRL from various aspects including motivations, definitions, methodologies, evaluations, applications, and model designs. We first present two well-recognized definitions, i.e., Intuitive Definition and Group Theory Definition for disentangled representation learning. We further categorize the methodologies for DRL into four groups from the following perspectives, the model type, representation structure, supervision signal, and independence assumption. We also analyze principles to design different DRL models that may benefit different tasks in practical applications. Finally, we point out challenges in DRL as well as potential research directions deserving future investigations. We believe this work may provide insights for promoting the DRL research in the community.

Tax procedure: from doctrinal developments to consolidation of a legislative definition

Reforms in the field of taxation and tax legislation are permanent in Ukraine. Since the restoration of the independence of our state, this important social process and its legal regulation have been focused on by both the society and the state. At the same time, the mentioned transformative activities have been accompanied with numerous problems, not least of which is related to the procedural regulation of tax relations. One of the key factors negatively affecting the general state of rulemaking and law enforcement in the field of taxation is the lack of a legal definition of such a system-forming financial and legal category as a tax procedure. The outlined gap provokes scientists to make debatable decisions and increases the level of conflictedness of sub-sectoral regulation. Therefore, working out and consolidating the definition of tax procedure in the current legislation will allow to minimize the mentioned defects and will make a positive contribution to the modernization of taxation. Critical scientific analysis of the existing doctrinal options for defining the legal (juridical) procedure and tax procedure has been carried out and the current state of regulatory and legal support of the specified categories has been revealed in the paper. It has been pointed out that the existence of several approaches to the scientific definition of the tax procedure, the difference in views on its essence and features, the scientists’ proposals regarding possible options for the legislative definition of the analyzed category also differ significantly. Distinct from the two existing main scientific approaches (model- program and activity-based), an alternative (synthesized) approach to a meaningful understanding of the tax procedure and terms derived from it has been suggested. The author’s vision of the system of tax procedures as a system of procedures for fulfilling tax obligations has been argued, the place of the procedure for paying taxes and fees as their component have been indicated. To arrive at the correct definition of the categories of ‘tax procedure’, ‘procedure for fulfilling the tax obligation’, and ‘procedure for paying taxes and fees’, we have recommended the effective steps. The amendments and supplements to both the Basic Law of our state and the Tax Code of Ukraine have been substantiated. The arguments for appropriateness of adopting the Tax Procedural Code of Ukraine in the future have been advanced.

CONECTANDO CONCEITOS: O IMPACTO DOS MAPAS MENTAIS DIGITAIS DINÂMICOS NA APRENDIZAGEM DE SISTEMAS LINEARES

Traditional teaching methods tend to emphasize verbal and linear learning, focusing on isolated information rather than identifying relationships between concepts. However, building meaningful understanding requires visualizing these conceptual interconnections. The shift from a linear approach to integrated network models, such as mind maps, facilitates this knowledge organization, allowing students to develop a deeper understanding of concepts. With the advent of distance learning, additional challenges arise in the production of teaching materials, requiring critical reflection on the potentialities and challenges of digital technologies in pedagogical practice. Therefore, this research investigates the effectiveness of using dynamic digital mind maps (DDMM) in learning Electrical Engineering, focusing on the Linear Systems course. The study aims to evaluate, through a data collection instrument, how mind maps can assist students in understanding mathematical and abstract concepts, highlighting two perspectives: how students learn, and their perceptions of meaningful learning based on Digital Educational Resources. The experience emphasized a lesson plan for knowledge construction in the face of the challenges of 21st-century engineering education, developing competencies and skills for solving real and interdisciplinary problems.

Assessment of knowledge integration in student learning of galvanic cell: An interdisciplinary approach connecting physics and chemistry

The galvanic cell is a typical interdisciplinary topic, which is primarily taught in chemistry but its underpinning is closely related to physics. Student learning in galvanic cell has been extensively studied in chemistry education, which has revealed a large number of misconceptions that are difficult to change through traditional instruction. A source of the learning difficulties is that most students lack an explanatory framework to integrate the many complex phenomena and processes into a coherent knowledge system. As a result, students often rely on memorization of terms, laws, and equations in solving problems but without a meaningful understanding of their reasoning. To address the deficit in learning, this study aims to help students develop an explanatory framework for supporting an integrated knowledge structure. Specifically, a conceptual framework model for galvanic cell is developed based on the central idea from physics, which is used as the core concept for mechanistic explanations of the related chemistry concepts. Guided by the conceptual framework, an instrument is developed to assess the knowledge integration in student learning of galvanic cell. A combination of qualitative and quantitative measures was used to assess the levels of knowledge integration in learning galvanic cell with a large number of Chinese high school and college students. The assessment results show that the conceptual framework model can effectively represent the knowledge structures of students at different levels of knowledge integration. The galvanic cell conceptual framework and assessment results can provide useful resources for teachers to develop instruction for promoting knowledge integration. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Acehnese Ethnoscience as an Interdisciplinary Approach in Physics Education: Innovating in the Era of Merdeka Belajar

Various efforts have been made to improve students’ understanding of basic physics concepts, but their mindset in constructing knowledge remains problematic. The learning process has yet to engage long-term memory, preventing meaningful analysis-level understanding. This research aimed to activate students’ thinking patterns based on ethnoscience through learning tools such as modules, semester learning plans (RPS), and student worksheets (LKM) that are valid, practical, and efficient. The research used the R&D method with the ADDIE approach, involving 2 expert validators and all Physics Education students at FKIP USK enrolled in basic physics courses in 2022. The results indicated that the ethnoscience-based basic physics learning tools of the Acehnese community, which include modules, RPS, and LKM, effectively supported Merdeka Belajar and have been validated for their validity, practicality, and efficiency. Students were highly motivated and impressed by the concept of measurement in physics, which has long been practiced by the Acehnese community, such as in paying zakat fitrah during Ramadan. The scientifically understood volume-measuring tools used by students were not significantly different from the ethnoscience tools used by the Acehnese community. Ethnoscience facilitates meaningful learning by analyzing context, content, and literacy.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ И СИСТЕМА УПРАЖНЕНИЙ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ НА УРОКАХ КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the formation of socio-cultural competence of students in the lessons of Russian as a non-native language, the key aspect of the study of which was the theoretical justification and practical development of a methodology for the formation of socio-cultural competence of students. The problem of the formation of socio-cultural competence became especially relevant at the beginning of the XXI century, which was due to significant social transformations in the modern world. Currently, it is socio-cultural competence that can become a moral and spiritual guideline for the development and strengthening of the integrity and diversity of the entire human community. Today, the main goal of studying the Kazakh language as a state language in a secondary school is to provide pedagogical conditions for a deeper and meaningful understanding of the world, its real, concrete historical essence, and the relationship between different peoples and cultures. That is why close attention is currently being paid to teaching Russian-speaking schoolchildren the Kazakh language as the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan, providing intercultural communication, "dialogue of languages and cultures" The author analyzed the theoretical literature, models of scientists on the formation of socio-cultural competence are given. The article asserts the assumption that the use of new technologies, techniques, techniques, tools (collaborative learning, comparative analysis, role-playing games, the use of linguistic and cultural units, etc. They contribute to the successful formation of socio-cultural competence of students in the process of teaching the language as an official language of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

P PAI HISTORY LEARNING INNOVATIONS:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of educational films as a learning medium in deepening students' understanding of Islamic Cultural History and improving their critical thinking. This research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data was collected through observations and interviews. Constructivism theory is used as a theoretical foundation to understand how educational films can help students relate new knowledge to their everyday experiences. The results of the study show that the use of educational films significantly increases students' interest in learning, critical thinking and involvement in the learning process. Students showed an increased understanding of PAI's history and stated that the film made the material more engaging and easier to understand. The recommendation of this study is that the PAI curriculum in elementary schools should make more use of educational film media as a learning aid. In addition, educators need to be trained in the use of new technologies and media to create a more engaging and interactive learning environment. Thus, the use of educational films can be an innovative strategy in improving the quality of PAI history learning, and facilitating a deeper and more meaningful understanding of the material taught.

Enhancing sustainability education through critical reading: a qualitative study in a Spanish primary school

This research explores how picturebooks can enhance ecocritical awareness and sustainable attitudes among 97 primary school children aged 8–9 in a Spanish school. The study includes 24 reading sessions in three formats: individual, small group, and adult-mediated. The selection of the corpus for children’s readings aligns with theoretical studies focusing on an ecocritical approach to children’s literature, a scholarly perspective that has gained prominence in recent decades. Results indicate that adult-mediated sessions are more effective than individual or small-group readings, fostering greater emotional and cognitive engagement. While students generally showed an ecocentric perspective, an anthropocentric view of sustainability persisted. The study highlights that, although guided reading is beneficial, a more integrated and multidimensional educational approach is needed to cultivate a regenerative consciousness. The educator’s role is crucial for guiding students toward deeper, more meaningful ecocritical understanding.

Corporate purpose research: Streams and promises

In this editorial, we identify three approaches to corporate purpose that shed light on distinctive aspects of corporate purpose and organizational life. The statement-centric approach focuses on how purpose can send (or not) credible signals to specific audiences. The experience-based approach highlights the heterogeneity in firm members’ perceptions and understandings of corporate purpose. The decision-making approach proposes that corporate purpose alters decision-making within firms in predictable ways. This editorial contributes ideas for future empirical research. We believe current approaches to corporate purpose should both acknowledge their unique contributions and build on their methodological strengths in order to develop a meaningful understanding of organizations and provide concrete evidence of the impact of corporate purpose on organizational outcomes.

A portrait of white progressivism: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah

ABSTRACT This article explores Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Americanah (2013) as a work that intentionally engages “whiteness”. Specifically, it argues that Adichie’s novel trains its attention on white progressives in the USA – those segments of the white American community who are not overtly racist and who might even see themselves as empathetic allies and partners to the Black community. In doing so, it claims that Americanah surveys the range of practices, behaviours, and discourses of white progressives that quite often reproduce harmful (though perhaps unintended) effects like race evasion, racial defensiveness, paternalism and saviorism – habits that are deeply rooted in the way white Americans see themselves and others in society and that are difficult to address and dislodge. The article concludes that the novel is pessimistic about the possibility of any sustained and meaningful understanding and unity of social and political purpose between Black and African people and white progressives.

Using Indirect Speech Acts and Their Impacts on Creating a Conducive Workplace Environment

Communication at the workplace requires meaningful understanding because it affects the work relationship as well as the work atmosphere. Hence, expressions used to generate such conditions are supposed to embody a conducive environment. This research aimed to determine the types of indirect speech acts and their language functions. This study used a qualitative research with a descriptive design to depict the phenomenon. The subjects were three employees at PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Makassar, who were chosen purposively considering their availability and their readiness during the data collection. The data were collected by using observation with audio recordings and the researchers themselves as the non-participant observers. The results of this study showed that there were five types of indirect speech acts and there were certain language functions practiced by the employees, they are: emphasizing and instructing (assertive type), telling a condition and commanding what to do (directive type), directing and checking for the appropriate work (commissive type), complaining and giving subtle offense (expressive type), and responding, telling information and encouraging (declarative type). All types and their functions revealed and occurred to meet the need of creating a conducive environment in the workplace. The five types represent the traits of being assertive, directive, trusted, expressive, and declarative along with their use of language functions. These traits bear positive and good atmosphere in the workplace. Thus, with the conducive working environment, the employees can undertake their tasks well and focus on reaching the target in the workplace.

Levelling Up, affective governance and tensions within ‘pride in place’

The ‘pride in place’ mission of the UK Government’s Levelling Up agenda has foregrounded the importance of feelings in local and national development strategies. While pride in place gestures to the emotional symptoms of geographical inequality and the so-called left behind, it does not address their structural causes. This article explores how the lens of pride, and the affective governance it demands, has been used to reimagine place in UK policy. We argue that governance has taken a therapeutic and palliative turn, and that the pride in place mission obscures ideological inconsistencies in policymaking. The article explains how the government’s narrow conception of pride as a mechanism of affective governance illustrates tensions in places at different scales: between national and local issues; between public and private spheres; and between individual and collective identities. It claims that a more meaningful understanding of pride must be predicated on people’s collective capacity for felt and emotional responses. Crucially, any metrics for pride must capture that complexity to help restore social infrastructure in places.

A Plea for (In)Human-centred AI

In this article, we use the account of the “inhuman” that is developed in the work of the French philosopher Jean-François Lyotard to develop a critique of human-centred AI. We argue that Lyotard’s philosophy not only provides resources for a negative critique of human-centred AI discourse, but also contains inspiration for a more constructive account of how the discourse around human-centred AI can take a broader view of the human that includes key dimensions of Lyotard’s inhuman, namely performativity, vulnerability, and novelty. We link these dimensions to questions of epistemic injustice and social recognition. In this way, we hope to develop a proposal for what a richer and more meaningful understanding of human-centred AI might look like.