Meaningful Categories Research Articles

AN EFFICIENT CNN ARCHITECTURE FOR OBJECT DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION IN IMAGES USING DEEP LEARNING

Object Classification has received wide attention due to its real time applications using deep learning technique. It is a process of classifying objects into predefined and semantically meaningful categories. Due to less accuracy ,sometimes gives inaccurate result and wouldn’t be effective. Object Classification using CNN algorithm is a proposed system in which image is inserted and object is classified and displayed in UI based on trained model.Inthis,it extracts features from the image, undergoes three architectures and high accuracy output will be considered to overcome existing difficulties. Objects can be easily detected and identified by humans. The visual system of human is very fast and accurate and can perform complex tasks like object identification and detection very easily .Situation like where we have to find from so many things and trying to find that key will take long time and we have to face some difficulties. Object classification is very important for applications in automatic visual surveillance system. The process of classifying objects into predefined and semantically meaningful categories using its features is called object classification. In this paper we propose a new model for detection and classification of objects by taking the features to classify the detected objects using Deep Neural Network (DNN). Deep Neural Networks are capable of handling large higher dimensional data with billions of parameters as like human brain. Simulation results obtained illustrate that the proposed classifier model produces more accurate results for feature extraction and DNN for classification.

Gaps in megaproject management system literature: a systematic overview

PurposeThis paper aims to present a structured and comprehensive review of relevant works, collected through a systematic methodology and clustered into nine meaningful categories on megaproject management systems and the current requirements for improved industrial megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed in this paper retrieves relevant works from available online citation indexes that are published in peer-reviewed journals and other reliable sources from 2000 to 2021.FindingsIt has been observed that the literature on megaproject management is still premature and requires further research to understand better the main gaps and effects of large-scale and typically complex megaprojects. Significant improvements are needed towards covering gaps to address the project management system holistically over the entire project life cycle. There are no clear guidelines for achieving a complete and conclusive project management system and enhancing future megaprojects' management capabilities.Originality/valueThis paper provides a clear picture of the existing literature on megaproject management systems, contributing insights for successful megaproject projects. Additionally, the holistic analysis identifies gaps in the body of knowledge, revealing avenues for future research.

Practical Teaching Model in Double Indicator Titration: Influences on Academic Achievement of Chemistry Students

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a practical model in teaching double indicator titration in chemistry in the senior high schools in Ghana Research design for the study was Action research. The population was made up of chemistry teachers and students. in four senior high schools with two schools located in the Kwaebibirim District and two senior high schools located in the Denkyembuo District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the respondents for the study. The sample comprised of twenty-five (25) chemistry teachers and one hundred and fifty (150) students in the four Senior High schools. The study indicated that Chemistry teachers would improve upon the academic performance of chemistry students in double indicator titration when they use the developed practical teaching model (DEPTEM) more. The main instruments used in this study were classroom observational checklists and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the data gathered. Coding schemes were developed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 21) to organize the data into meaningful and manageable categories. The study also revealed that the outcome of the post-test indicated that, the DEPTEM impact differently on the academic performance of SHS male and female chemistry students in the Kwaebibirim and Denkyembuo Districts of the Eastern Region. It is recommended that the government and non-governmental organizations should collaborate with the Ministry of Education to sponsor in production of more of the developed practical model (DEPTEM) for teaching chemistry lessons. This in a way would help improve the academic performance of chemistry students in the Kwaebibirim and Denkyembuo Districts of the Eastern Region and the nation at large. It is also recommended that chemistry teachers should consider teaching methods that would equally cater to both male and female chemistry students during chemistry lessons.

Price Equations for Understanding the Response of Ecosystem Function to Community Change

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) remains unclear in many natural ecosystems, partially for lack of theoretical and analytical tools that match common characteristics of observational community data. The ecological Price equation promises to meet this need by organizing many different species-level changes into a few ecologically meaningful categories that sum to total ecosystem function change. Current versions of the ecological Price equation focus on species richness and presence-absence. However, abundance and relative abundance are better estimated in samples and are likely showing a stronger response to global change. Here, we present a novel, abundance-based version of the ecological Price equation in both discrete and continuous forms and explain the similarities and differences between this method and a related, previously developed richness-based method. We also present new empirical techniques for applying the Price equation to ecological data. Our two demonstration analyses reveal how additive effects of increasing abundance on total function are modified by concurrent selection effects due to shifts in species' composition as well as intraspecific change in species' per capita function. The ecological Price equations derived here complement existing approaches and together offer BEF researchers analytical tools and a unifying framework for studying BEF in observational community data.

Urban and Rural Purchase Patterns of SNAP Participants in North Carolina

ObjectivesUrban and rural environments have different economic and social factors that influence un/healthy food access. SNAP participants are at greater risk for diet related chronic disease compared to non-SNAP participants and it is unclear whether rurality amplifies or alleviates these risks. This study examines grocery sales to SNAP participants from rural vs urban stores to provide insights into geographical disparities in the prevalence of chronic disease. MethodsWe used de-identified store-week level transaction data from a large grocery chain with >490 stores across North Carolina from Oct 2019-Dec 2020 (n = 32,182 store weeks), classifying stores as urban or rural based on USDA definitions (main exposure). We identified SNAP sales from payment mode and defined SNAP participation as having used a SNAP EBT card within the last 3 months. Products are classified into nutritionally meaningful categories: fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes (FVNL), sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), junk food (JF) and processed meats (PM), linked to nutrition data. We used multivariate random effects models with robust standard errors to examine the association of rural/urban stores with the share of calories of food categories purchased (main outcomes). We controlled for annual county level factors (socio-demographic composition, food environment) and weekly store level factors (composition of sales among SNAP vs non-SNAP). Results127 stores were classified as rural and 369 stores were urban. Adjusting for covariates, an average of 13.12% of total calories sold from rural stores were from FVNL, compared to an average of 13.27% of total calories sold from urban stores. Rural stores’ sales to SNAP participants had small but significantly higher share of total calories sold from SSBs (10.34% vs 9.36%), JF (30.68% vs 30.36%) and PM (5.7% vs 5.64%) compared to urban stores’ sales to SNAP participants. ConclusionsRural store sales to SNAP participants appear to be marginally different from urban store sales to SNAP participants which support concerns around the need to improve healthy food access and limit unhealthy food access in rural settings. Funding SourcesNational Institutes of Health (U48DP006374, NIH P2C HD050924).

Influencing Factors of Stereotypes on Wastewater Treatment Plants- Case Study of 9 Wastewater Treatment Plants in Xi'an, China.

As an indispensable part of cities, wastewater treatment plants play an important role in environmental protection and urbanization. However, the promotion of wastewater treatment plants has been consistently hindered by residents' negative stereotypes and rejections, which is called "Not-In-My-Back-Yard" (NIMBY) effect. This study collected the first-hand data with the residents residing within 3 kilometers of 9 wastewater treatment plants in Xi'an, China through a survey. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis was conducted and the results illustrate that residents have stereotypes toward wastewater treatment plants. There are two types of residents' stereotypes toward wastewater treatment plants: positive and negative. The positive stereotypes of wastewater treatment plants in turn can be subdivided into the three categories of treatment technologies, treatment results, and social impacts. But the negative stereotypes didn't demonstrate meaningful categories. We also tried to identify the influencing factors that cause residents' stereotypes. The distance from residents' residence to the wastewater treatment plants has impacts on the stereotypes of residents' who reside within 1000 meters of the wastewater treatment plant: the farther from the wastewater treatment plants their residence is, the more positive their stereotypes are. We also found that the more educated the participants are, the more positive stereotypes of wastewater treatment plants they have. Moreover, residents' stereotypes toward wastewater treatment plants are more influenced by formal education. Non-formal education and informal learning probably have less influence on the promotion of wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, we propose to incorporate environmental education for sustainable development into formal education to increase residents' acceptance of wastewater treatment plants.

“The Absence of Student-Teacher Emotional Closeness", Rural and Urban English Teachers’ Voices during Covid-19 Pandemic

<p><em>The Corona Virus 19 (COVID-19) outbreak has made learning and teaching shifted to online. Some distinct modifications on teaching and learning need to be conducted, especially between those teaching English in rural and urban areas. This study is objected to eliciting teachers’ attitudes towards online learning of those teaching in rural and urban areas in the EFL context. A survey research design was employed to reach the objective with semi-interview and online questionnaires to collect data, distributed to the research subjects of 44 English teachers of secondary schools in rural and urban areas. The questionnaire was analyzed by finding the mean score of each item to determine tendencies, while the interview was analyzed by grouping the ideas into meaningful categories and was narratively described. The results showed significant differences in teachers' perception of teaching online in rural and urban areas, such as motivation, classroom management, technical support, and school and parents' support. It is then suggested that teaching online in rural and urban areas needs to be treated differently, a consideration for English teachers and the Ministry of Education to keep having ideal online learning and teaching.</em></p>

Social Relations to Food, The Meaning of the Farmers’ Market and Healthy Lifestyle: The Case of Czechia and Ukraine

Very few studies have observed how society is defined around and within meaningful categories. They are mainly oriented on lifestyle value. This research takes into account this existing gap in the literature and this study aims to explore the relationship between the cultural meaning of society and the social meaning of a healthy lifestyle. Although empirical studies found that the farmers market had a social meaning for healthy lifestyles, two research hypotheses were formulated based on the symbolic character of a healthy lifestyle. Social relations with food explain the meaning of a healthy lifestyle, and the meaning of the farmers’ market explains the meaning of a healthy lifestyle within the food market. A nine-item scale related to the social meaning of eating was used. The data was collected in Czechia and Ukraine. The sample was used for the proposed confirmatory factor model based on the factor score of dimensions related to the desired consequences and the concept of purchase by the farmer of the adapted lifestyle concept. The result of the analysis indicates that the social relationship with food is the main characteristic of social meaning.

The Religious and Racial Geography of Late Nineteenth-Century Bombay

The spatial separation of European colonialists and the local population was long seen as the defining feature of colonial cities. In recent years, the literature has moved toward a more ambivalent and contingent view of this spatial separation. This paper attempts to look beyond imagining the colonial city in terms of stark dualities or revisionist ambivalences, addressing both religious and racial separation. The paper analyses the street-level religious and racial geography of late nineteenth-century Bombay, using data from the 1881 Census. Results suggest moderate to high levels of racial and religious segregation in nineteenth-century Bombay at the street level, varying across groups, coupled with the existence of enclaves, and expressions of preference for segregation in diverse domains. The paper concludes that religion and race were meaningful social categories inscribed in urban space.

Are molecular solvents, aqueous biphasic systems and deep eutectic solvents meaningful categories for liquid–liquid extraction?

Two categories of so-called innovative liquid–liquid extraction systems have recently been added to the classic and well-established category of water/molecular solvent systems: aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES). Each class displays properties that apparently distinguish it from the other two. However, these three classes seem to be irrelevant because the properties of mutual solubilities in these systems are identical in nature and can be easily understood via a simplified phase diagram. This unifying view is discussed in the light of systems representative of the three categories usually recognised. Two systems are well known in the literature of liquid/liquid extraction of metal ions: (i) H 2 O/HNO 3 /TBP, the archetype of the so-called classical liquid–liquid extraction (ii) H 2 O/Na 2 SO 4 /PEG-4000, considered as an ABS. For the third system, H 2 O/decanoic acid/N 4444 Cl, presented as a hydrophobic DES by its discoverers, new experimental data have been acquired in this work. Supplementary Materials: Supplementary material for this article is supplied as a separate file: crchim-151-suppl.pdf Deux catégories de systèmes d’extraction liquide–liquide dits innovants sont venues s’ajouter récemment à la catégorie classique et bien établie des systèmes eau/solvants moléculaires : les systèmes biphasiques aqueux (ABS) et les solvants eutectiques profonds hydrophobes (DES). Chaque catégorie possède des propriétés qui apparemment la distingue des deux autres. Toutefois, ces trois classes semblent n’avoir pas de raison d’être car les propriétés de solubilités mutuelles dans ces systèmes sont de nature identique et peuvent être appréhendées aisément via l’établissement d’un diagramme de phase simplifié. Cette vision unificatrice est discutée à la lumière de systèmes bien connus dans la littérature et représentatifs des trois catégories usuellement admises pour l’extraction liquide/liquide des ions métalliques : (i) H 2 O/HNO 3 /TBP, archétype de l’extraction liquide–liquide dite classique (ii) H 2 O/Na 2 SO 4 /PEG-4000, considéré comme un ABS. Pour le troisième système, H 2 O/acide décanoïque/N 4444 Cl, présenté comme un DES hydrophobe par ses découvreurs, des données expérimentales inédites ont été acquises dans ce travail. Compléments : Des compléments sont fournis pour cet article dans le fichier séparé : crchim-151-suppl.pdf

Trajectories of hypoxemia and pulmonary mechanics of COVID-19 ARDS in the NorthCARDS dataset

BackgroundUnderstanding heterogeneity seen in patients with COVIDARDS and comparing to non-COVIDARDS may inform tailored treatments.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of frontline clinicians and data scientists worked to create the Northwell COVIDARDS dataset (NorthCARDS) leveraging over 11,542 COVID-19 hospital admissions. The data was then summarized to examine descriptive differences based on clinically meaningful categories of lung compliance, and to examine trends in oxygenation.FindingsOf the 1536 COVIDARDS patients in the NorthCARDS dataset, there were 531 (34.6%) who had very low lung compliance (< 20 ml/cmH2O), 970 (63.2%) with low-normal compliance (20–50 ml/cmH2O), and 35 (2.2%) with high lung compliance (> 50 ml/cmH2O). The very low compliance group had double the median time to intubation compared to the low-normal group (107.3 h (IQR 25.8, 239.2) vs. 39.5 h (IQR 5.4, 91.6)). Overall, 68.8% (n = 1057) of the patients died during hospitalization. In comparison to non-COVIDARDS reports, there were less patients in the high compliance category (2.2% vs. 12%, compliance ≥ 50 mL/cmH20), and more patients with P/F ≤ 150 (59.8% vs. 45.6%). There is a statistically significant correlation between compliance and P/F ratio. The Oxygenation Index is the highest in the very low compliance group (12.51, SD(6.15)), and lowest in high compliance group (8.78, SD(4.93)).ConclusionsThe respiratory system compliance distribution of COVIDARDS is similar to non-COVIDARDS. In some patients, there may be a relation between time to intubation and duration of high levels of supplemental oxygen treatment on trajectory of lung compliance.

School-based interventions to improve health literacy of senior high school students: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this review is to map the details of school-based interventions used to improve health literacy of senior high school students. The global prevalence of poor adult health literacy is caused, in part, by limited health education in secondary schools. Enhancing adolescent health literacy could potentially improve adult health literacy, health behavior, and health outcomes. Studies investigating school-based interventions to improve health literacy of senior high school students, regardless of design, characteristics, and assessment tools, will be eligible for inclusion. Studies that provide combined data (senior high school students mixed with other students) or have a compulsory component outside of school will be excluded. MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest Education Journals, Education Research Complete, SAGE Journals, and Index New Zealand will be searched for journal articles published in English since 1998. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for eligibility, retrieve potentially relevant papers in full, and extract data from included studies. A third reviewer will resolve any disagreements. Quantitative analysis (eg, frequency analysis) will indicate geographic region of studies, design and targeted population (school grade of study participants); the mode of delivery (extracurricular or during school hours, implemented by teachers or other professionals), duration, and health literacy model anddomainoftheinterventions. Descriptive qualitative content analysis will be used to summarize, code and classify key characteristics of the interventions (eg, teaching models and strategies, content, and related skills) and main outcomes related to health literacy into meaningful categories.

\u201cThis is hard to cope with\u201d: the lived experience and coping strategies adopted amongst Australian women with pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy

BackgroundWomen with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) report diminished ability to perform physical activities and experience higher rates of mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, than pregnant women without PPGP. Despite these physical and psychological impacts, little is known about the lived experiences of PPGP amongst Australian women and the ways in which they cope. Situated within biographical disruption and social support theories, this study sought to gain a conceptual understanding of the experience and impact of PPGP on daily life, and how women cope with this condition during pregnancy.MethodsA qualitative research design, situated within a phenomenological framework, using individual, semi-structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions was used with a flexible and responsive approach. Purposive sampling of pregnant women attending a single hospital included 20 participants between 14 and 38 weeks gestation, classified with PPGP as per recommended guidelines, with a mean (SD) age of 31.37 (4.16) years. Thematic analysis was performed where interview data was transcribed, coded, grouped into meaningful categories and then constructed into broad themes.ResultsThree themes were identified: 1. a transformed biography; 2. coping strategies; and 3. what women want. The pain experienced created a dramatic change in women’s lives, making the pregnancy difficult to endure. Women utilised social support, such as family, to help them cope with pain, and a self-care approach to maintain a positive mindset and reduce stress. Although a few women received support from healthcare professionals, many reported a lack information on PPGP and limited societal recognition of the condition. Women wanted early education, personalised information and prompt referral to help them cope with PPGP.ConclusionsFindings from this study highlighted the complexity of living with PPGP as women attempted to deal with the unexpected impact on daily life by seeking support from partners and families, while also struggling with societal expectations. Although women with PPGP used a number of coping strategies, they sought greater support from healthcare professionals to effectively manage PPGP. These findings have important implications for the provision of health care to women living with PPGP.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618001423202.

Emotion words link faces to emotional scenarios in early childhood.

Recent theories have suggested that emotion words may facilitate the development of emotion concepts. The present study investigates whether emotion words affect children's performance on an emotion category learning task. Across two experiments, 72 three-year-old children (49 female) were asked to identify which emotional face best matched particular emotional scenarios during nine pretest and nine posttest trials. The scenarios in the present studies aligned with emotions typically learned among older age groups (annoyed, disgusted, and nervous). Between pretest and posttest, children participated in training in which a facial configuration (annoyed, disgusted, or nervous) was paired with an associated scenario while they heard the emotion labeled explicitly or heard irrelevant information (Experiment 1) or heard a broad emotion label versus irrelevant information (Experiment 2). Aside from the labels presented, all other information was kept the same across conditions, including the specific faces and scenarios heard during learning trials. In Experiment 1, children's emotion understanding increased more from pretest to posttest in the explicit label versus irrelevant condition, t(34) = 2.26, p = .030, d = .75, but in Experiment 2 the broad emotion labels did not provide an advantage over irrelevant information, t(34) = .72, p = .474, d = .24. These results suggest that emotion labels may be particularly helpful for young children learning about unfamiliar emotions, because specific labels may help children to aggregate disparate emotional information into meaningful categories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Development of an algorithm to classify primary care electronic health records of alcohol consumption: experience using data linkage from UK Biobank and primary care electronic health data sources

ObjectivesDevelop a novel algorithm to categorise alcohol consumption using primary care electronic health records (EHRs) and asses its reliability by comparing this classification with self-reported alcohol consumption data obtained from...

Династийность и фреймы советского кинодискурса

The article is devoted to the consideration of the institutional conditions of the representation of professional dynasties in the film discourse and the analysis of the substantial transformation of the Soviet film discourse about professional dynasties. Cinema is considered in the work as one of the public arenas in which a particular social problem is presented by audiovisual means. To analyze the Soviet cinema discourse, the authors use the frame analysis. In the analysis of movie frames, according to the concept of D.&nbsp;Snow and R.&nbsp;Benford, it is advisable to allocate three central frames: diagnostic, prognostic and motivational ones. The empirical basis of the study was seven Soviet films, in which the phenomenon of dynasticity is present to varying degrees. The authors establish that the diagnostic central frame is represented by such categories as «personal vs public», «dynastic and nepotism»; motivational one&nbsp;–&nbsp;«pride in your work and the continuation of the family dynastic tradition, labor dynasties as the «conscience of production». The prognostic central frame is represented by two plot categories: «optimistic» (30s–60s) and «pessimistic» (70s–80s). The designation of meaningful categories of frames allowed fixing a more pronounced positivity of frame connotations in the representation of dynasties of workers and heroic professions (military), while the dynasticity of non-working professions has neutral or negative connotations.

Research knowledge and meaningful learning: a journey through Teacher education

The article brings discussions about the knowledge of research in the continuing education of teachers of Mathematics for Meaningful Learning. This is a literature review that raised the following question for the construction of the State of the Question: what has already been produced academically about the contributions of research practice to the development of meaningful learning, considering the pedagogical practice of the Mathematics teacher at 6th year, in his/her continuing education? This aimed to map what exists of scientific production on Research Knowledge in the continuing education of Mathematics teachers for Meaningful Learning. For searches in the databases we applied the 2000-2021 time frame. The theoretical-methodological discussion is supported by Ausubel (2003), Moreira (2012), Therrien (2010), among others. The results show that there is very little production of papers addressing the Research Knowledge and Meaningful Learning categories in the discussion of the Mathematics teacher's knowledge, which leads us to consider that this is a category that has not yet been consolidated. It is increasingly necessary to research, discuss and reflect on their training needs.

Conceptual structure and semantic structure of the discourse of « In those arms » a novel of Camille Laurens

This research proposes a cognitive semantic study of the mental framework of the self in search of its identity in the universe of the other. It is the self of the heroine of Camille Laurens' novel Dans ces bras-la, which espouses a postmodern vision in the construction of its fragmentary novelistic discourse. The present study postulates an analysis of the conceptual structure with which the semantic structure of Camille Laurens’s text identifies. It tends to study the cognitive framework of the quest for the ego and to analyze the categories that emerge from it. It is about defining the concepts by which the heroine's ego has segmented her environment of men into meaningful categories. My aim is constructivist and my approach is based on two levels: The extra-linguistic level where I will study the conceptual structure of Laurens' text, and the linguistic level where I will study the semantic isotopes that dominate the text in view to access its cognitive coherence.

Strategies for Reducing Rationed Nursing Care: Qualitative Secondary Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Nursing students spend a meaningful part of their professional training in clinical practice. However, to a significant extent, they actively or passively contribute to the occurrence of rationed nursing care in clinical practice. Therefore, it is crucial that they actively participate in implementing targeted strategies to reduce rationed nursing care. Aim: To explore nursing students′ experience with strategies focusing on the reduction of rationed nursing care. Methods: We chose a qualitative secondary analysis to address unpublished data related to nursing students′ experience with strategies focusing on reducing rationed nursing care. The data included a set comprising of 148 pages with transcribed verbatim of 18 semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by a deductive content analysis. Results: Based on the outcome of the secondary analysis, we identified two meaningful categories: Preventive strategies in clinical practice and Importance and meaning of preventive strategies. These two categories reflected nursing students′ experience with targeted strategies to reduce rationed nursing care in clinical practice. Conclusion: Proposal and subsequent implementation of preventive strategies are essential for reducing rationed nursing care phenomenon from the clinical practice environment. The perspective of nursing students is vital due to their intensive perception of rationed nursing care in clinical practice. Students may identify areas that work-place staff may not explicitly focus on and consider important but jeopardize the quality of care or patient safety.

Abstract 11728: Common Primary Medical Conditions Associated With Secondary Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: Secondary Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is considered a complication of the patient’s primary medical condition, such as medical, surgical or psychiatric conditions. More than one-third of TCM patients have primary medical conditions and tend to have a worse prognosis. However, there is no comprehensive study on the causes of TCM. Aim: We studied the common primary medical conditions in secondary TCM patients and their prognosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the ICD-10-CM codes for a secondary diagnosis of TCM from the National Inpatient Sample database (2016-2018). We identified the primary medical condition represented by the ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes of secondary TCM patients and aggregated similar codes into clinically meaningful categories using the Clinical Classifications Software Refined. We then compared the mortality rate associated with each condition. Results: Of 14,816 patients admitted with secondary TCM, the common primary medical conditions included ‘Sepsis, unspecified organism’ (A419, 13.6%), ‘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with (acute) exacerbation’ (J441, 3.6%), ‘Acute respiratory failure with hypoxia’ (J9601, 2.8%), and ‘Pneumonia, unspecified organism’ (J189, 1.8%). After aggregating the individual codes into clinical categories, the common primary medical conditions included septicemia (19.1%), respiratory failure (6.4%), COPD and bronchiectasis (4.6%), hypertension with complications and secondary hypertension (4.2%), and cerebral infarction (3.1%). Primary medical conditions that yielded a higher mortality rate than the overall rate (8.5%) were septicemia (16.5%, P&lt;0.001), respiratory failure (10.7%, P=0.019), cerebral infarction (13.1%, P&lt;0.001), and acute hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease (26.8%, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Sepsis is the most common primary medical condition of secondary TCM in admitted patients. Secondary TCM patients with a primary condition of acute hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, sepsis, respiratory failure, or cerebral infarction have higher in-hospital mortality than those with other primary medical conditions.