Scientific Means Research Articles

Evaluation index system and evaluation method of energy storage and regional power grid coordinated peak regulation ability

With the development of energy storage technology, energy storage technology began to be put into the peak regulation of power grid. But at present, the lack of scientific evaluation means for coordinated peak regulation ability of energy storage and regional power grid (ESRPG) hinders the large-scale participation of energy storage devices in peak regulation. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an evaluation system and evaluation method to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the coordinated peak regulation ability of ESRPG. Firstly, an evaluation system for the coordinated peak regulation ability of ESRPG is established from the perspective of energy storage and generator units. The indicator system comprehensively considers the impact of technology, economy, reliability, and other factors on the peak regulation ability of the ESRPG. At the same time, a multi-level evaluation method composed of an analytic hierarchy process and weighted rank sum ration is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the proposed indicator system. This method not only takes subjective and objective factors into account, but also eliminates the interference of dimensions, orders of magnitude and other factors on the evaluation results. Finally, the evaluation indicator system and evaluation method are applied to the simulation scene for evaluation, and the results show that the evaluation system and method make up for the shortcomings of the current mainstream methods and effectively evaluate the peak shaving capability.

Privatisation of State and Municipal Enterprises: Legal Regulation

"The relevance of the subject under study is exceedingly high since this process is one of the main vectors of system-changing transformations in Ukrainian society. Thus, this vector includes the reform of property relations, which occurs through the privatisation of property of state and municipal enterprises. It is privatisation that should contribute to increasing the efficiency of property management, the emergence of a clear motivation for work, accelerating structural adjustment, and development of the country’s economy, improving the investment climate in the state, as well as improving the state property management system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the basic principles of privatisation of state and municipal enterprises, to identify the advantages and disadvantages in the legal regulation of this phenomenon. That is why several scientific and methodological means were used in this study, specifically the systematic and functional approaches, including such general logical methods as analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, deduction, the formal legal method, and the method of scientific literature analysis. The main results obtained in this paper constitute the theoretical and practical foundations of the issue under study. The article covered the general principles and features of state and municipal enterprises and analysed the efficiency of the legal regulation"

POTTERY PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE AND CONSUMPTION IN LATE BRONZE AGE MAGNESIA (THESSALY): RESULTS OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF POTTERY FROM DIMINI, VOLOS (NEA IONIA, KASTRO/PALAIA), PEFKAKIA AND VELESTINO

This article presents the results of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) of, altogether, 145 pottery and clay samples deriving from five sites located in the Thessalian region of Magnesia: Dimini, Nea Ionia, Kastro/Palaia (Volos), Pefkakia and Velestino. Chronologically, the sampled pottery covers the entire Late Bronze Age (LBA), with a few samples dating to the Middle Bronze Age. Within this broad chronological range, Mycenaean-type pottery dominates, the majority of it being decorated, with an addition of fine unpainted pottery and such used for transport and cooking. Pottery of non-Mycenaean derivation is represented by a variety of types belonging to the early LBA as well as two classes of the early post-palatial period (i.e. after 1200 BC): Handmade Burnished Ware and Grey Ware. Importantly, samples associated with two pottery kilns at Dimini and Velestino were included in the project, although no kiln wasters were identified. Results of the analysis provide important insights into both local Thessalian pottery production and inter- and intra-regional pottery exchange. Local production utilising clay beds around Dimini is best evidenced, with a distribution of its products reaching beyond Thessaly. Two further chemical patterns appear to be associated with Velestino, while an additional two small chemical groups are likely Thessalian as well. In terms of identified imports, the Argolid stands out as the major source of non-local pottery from the beginning of the LBA until the end of the palatial period. Other regions and production localities play a significantly smaller role as sources of supply. On the basis of the study, for the first time the local production as well as importation of pottery in the region of Magnesia is documented by scientific means, opening new research perspectives and strengthening the region's standing as part of the Mycenaean world.

Method for Assessing the Motor Coordination of Runners Based on the Analysis of Multichannel EMGs.

In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the motor coordination of runners based on the analysis of amplitude and spatiotemporal dynamics of multichannel electromyography. A new diagnostic index for the coordination of runners was proposed, including the amplitude of electromyography, the spatiotemporal stability coefficient, and the symmetry coefficient of muscle force. The motor coordination of 13 professional runners was studied. Detailed anthropometric information was recorded about the professional runners. It has been found that professional athletes are characterized by the stability of movement repetition (more than 83%) and the high degree of symmetry of muscle efforts of the left and right legs (more than 81%) regardless of the changes in load during running at a speed of 8-12 km/hr. Scientific and technological means can support the scientific training of athletes. The end of the Winter Olympic Games has shown us the powerful power of a series of intelligent scientific equipment, including electro-magnetic gun, in sports training. We also look forward to the continuous innovation of these advanced technologies, which will contribute to the intelligent development of sports scientific research.

A signal-processing-based interpretation of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency

Abstract. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) is a widely used score in hydrology, but it is not common in the other environmental sciences. One of the reasons for its unpopularity is that its scientific meaning is somehow unclear in the literature. This study attempts to establish a solid foundation for the NSE from the viewpoint of signal progressing. Thus, a simulation is viewed as a received signal containing a wanted signal (observations) contaminated by an unwanted signal (noise). This view underlines an important role of the error model between simulations and observations. By assuming an additive error model, it is easy to point out that the NSE is equivalent to an important quantity in signal processing: the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the NSE and the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) are shown to be equivalent, at least when there are no biases, in the sense that they measure the relative magnitude of the power of noise to the power of the variation in observations. The scientific meaning of the NSE suggests a natural way to define NSE=0 as the threshold for good or bad model distinction, and this has no relation to the benchmark simulation that is equal to the observed mean. Corresponding to NSE=0, the threshold of the KGE is given by approximately 0.5. In the general cases, when the additive error model is replaced by a mixed additive–multiplicative error model, the traditional NSE is shown to be prone to contradiction in model evaluations. Therefore, an extension of the NSE is derived, which only requires one to divide the traditional noise-to-signal ratio by the multiplicative bias. This has a practical implication: if the multiplicative bias is not considered, the traditional NSE and KGE underestimate or overestimate the generalized NSE and KGE when the multiplicative bias is greater or smaller than one, respectively. In particular, the observed mean turns out to be the worst simulation from the viewpoint of the generalized NSE.

Arthur E. Haas, from the Atom to the Cosmos—Struggles for a Scientific Career in the Early 20th Century

Arthur E. Haas, from the Atom to the Cosmos—Struggles for a Scientific Career in the Early 20th Century

The scientific experience and educational meaning in children’s play through scientific toys in kindergarten

본 연구는 유아교육기관에서 과학적 원리가 내포되어있는 과학놀잇감을 제공함으로써, 이를 활용한 유아의 놀이 과정에서 전개되는 과학적 경험을 파악하고 그 의미를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구자는 유아에게 적합한 과학놀잇감 10가지를 선정하여 유아교실의 기존 교구와 함께 포함하여 비치하였다. 연구대상은 만 5세 1개 교실 유아26명이며 놀이 전개 과정 자료를 수집하고 질적 분석을 하였다. 연구 결과, 유아들은 과학놀잇감을 마주하고 마음껏 조작해보며 나타난 과학적 현상을 바탕으로 과학을 이야기함으로써 놀이에 참여하며 놀잇감이 지닌 과학적 현상을 갖고 놀이를 확장하는 모습을 보였다. 유아들에게 과학놀잇감은 손쉽게 조작함으로써 과학적 사고를 유발할 수 있도록 하는 놀잇감이자 흥미롭고 신기한 과학적 현상으로부터 과학적 태도를 지지할 수 있는 매체로서 교육적 의의가 있다. 이에 과학적 요소와 원리를 바탕으로 한 과학놀잇감이 유아교육현장에서 보다 적극적으로 물리적 환경으로써 활용될 것을 제안한다.

Editorial

The editorial of Thermal Engineering of this issue continues the discussion on scientific research needs in vital areas in which thermal engineering has important participation. The main goal is to motivate the readers, within their specialties, to identify possible subjects for their future research. The word "energy" has a historical origin that goes back to ancient Greek philosophy. Derived from the Greek word "energeia", which described the ability of a being or system to perform work or activity, the notion of energy was later incorporated into Latin as "energy" which was also used to describe the vital force that animates living beings. With the development of physics and engineering in the 19th century, the concept of energy was refined and acquired a more concise scientific meaning, linked to the ability to produce changes, or perform work in a physical system. Energy is recognized as the corner stone of several field of knowledge, considered a key concept for science, technology and economics. Energy is fundamental not only in the description and analysis of natural phenomena, but also in discussions related to energy resources, efficiency, sustainability and their impact in the global economy. Understanding and mastering the principles of energy generation is essential for the understanding natural processes, as the conception of strategies to advance the development of technologies and nations. Therefore, energy plays a decisive role in modern society, with significant implications in social and environmental sciences and in the quest for sustainable development. An economic study combined with thermodynamics principles is called thermoeconomic analysis. When taken into consideration, thermoeconomic analysis brings a new perspective for the decision making process when a current of new manufacturing process, product development, new energy generation strategies and its technologic applications are under scrutiny. Several well-known technology applications, from the thermodynamic point of view, have been seen with different lenses when they are studied considering thermoeconomic principles. Such analysis does not weaken previous conclusion but promote development. It does not only enhance the technology itself but also promotes scientific growth, since more scientific investigation must be performed to make a process not only highly efficient but also economic viable. The mission of Thermal Engineering is to document the scientific progress in areas related to thermal engineering (e.g., energy, oil and renewable fuels). We are confident that we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that contribute to the progress of science.

Spatiotemporal analysis of dune stabilization in the Kyzylkum and Karakum sandy deserts

Sand seas and dune bedforms are climatic chronicles that have a wide range of scientific meanings. The Karakum and Kyzylkum sand seas in Central Asia span ∼500,000 km2, among the largest sand seas on Earth; yet, very little is known about their emergence and stabilization. Further, the internationally accessible literature lacks comprehensive studies on the interactions between contemporary climate and dune morphodynamics for this region. In this study, we applied the conventional approach for examining wind data—Fryberger’s drift equations and the latest Copernicus ERA5 wind reanalysis model—to demonstrate that the Karakum and Kyzylkum deserts had (and continue to have) low-energy environments during 1950–2019. Time-series multidimensional raster analysis and data mining indicated that 93% of surveyed desert areas were subjected to low-energy wind conditions during the last 70 years. The decrease in wind energy was further confirmed using the partitioning around medoids (PAM) unsupervised machine-learning clustering method and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. Such an environmental setting promotes plant growth and biogenic crust development, and strengthens dune stability across the deserts. Furthermore, the results suggested that the spatial patterns of active dune morphologies (e.g., complex barchanoid ridges and overlaying superimpositions) were closely linked to the drift direction, power, and variability of contemporary winds, whereas stabilized aeolian formations (e.g., distinct formations of complex and compound vegetated linear dunes) indicated debatable disassociations. The relationship between the recognized orientation of the surveyed dune types and the computed resultant drift direction did not change significantly, suggesting that over time, the winds in these areas have most likely varied in strength, but not in direction. The calculated drift powers are not sufficient for the formation of registered mega profiles. Rather, they bolster dunes stability, stressing both deserts as indicative of earlier climatic eras that permitted aeolian sand activity and severe shifts that have initiated their steadiness. This is the first comprehensive study to statistically evaluate the links between the contemporary climate and dune morphologies of the Karakum and Kyzylkum deserts. Our study can serve as a foundation for future studies on climate change, dune mapping, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, while offering a broad understanding of the region’s paleo and contemporary environmental systems dynamics.

Measuring efficiency in the Nigerian banking system: A critical review

An efficient banking system is important for wealth creation, job creation, and trade facilitation, as it provides a way for individuals and businesses to participate in their local and global economy, thus facilitating economic growth and development. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in measuring efficiency in the Nigerian banking system with the data envelopment analysis program. A critical review of selected peer-reviewed empirical studies was conducted. Papers were assessed to determine their inclusion or exclusion in the review process. For analytical purposes, the studies were generally grouped into two, namely, those that used one approach to measuring bank efficiency and those that used multiple approaches to measuring bank efficiency. Based on the critical review of extant literature conducted, findings suggest that there is a growing rate of adoption of DEA as a means of measuring bank efficiency in Nigeria, also that DEA has proved to be a scientific and effective means of measuring bank efficiency. Keywords: Decision-making units, return to scale, scale efficiency, technical efficiency;

Accumulation Rule of Sugar Content in Corn Stalk

The primary parts of corn stalks are the leaves and the stems, which comprise the cortex and the pith. Corn has long been cultivated as an grain crops, and now it is a primary global source of sugar, ethanol, and biomass-generated energy. Even though increasing the sugar content in the stalk is an important breeding goal, progress has been modest in many breeding researchers. Accumulation is the gradual rise in quantity when new additions are made. The challenging characteristics of such sugar content in corn stalks are below the protein, bio-economy, and mechanical injury. Hence, in this research, plant water-content-enabled micro-Ribonucleic acids (PWC-miRNAs) were designed to increase the sugar content in corn stalks following an accumulation rule. High-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome, short RNAs, and coding RNAs was performed here; leaf and stem degradation from two early-maturing Corn genotypes revealed new information on miRNA-associated gene regulation in corn during the sucrose accumulation process. For sugar content in corn stalk, PWC-miRNAs were used to establish the application of the accumulation rule for data-processing monitoring throughout. Through simulation, management, and monitoring, the condition is accurately predicted, providing a new scientific and technological means to improve the efficiency of the construction of sugar content in corn stalks. The experimental analysis of PWC-miRNAs outperforms sugar content in terms of performance, accuracy, prediction ratio, and evaluation. This study aims to provide a framework for increasing the sugar content of corn stalk.

Using SWOT Analysis to Solve the Problem of Forbidden City Brand Influence under the Background of New Media

The Palace Museum is not only comprehensive but also the largest museum of ancient Chinese culture and art. The Palace Museum brand is a cultural and creative brand derived from the landmark buildings of the Palace Museum through publicity and transformation in the new media era. The cultural and creative brand refers to the value transformation and empowerment of products by relying on personal wisdom and modern scientific and technological means this research seek to analyze the connection between consumers’ impression of the Palace Museum brand and brand loyalty in the new media background of Z era. This analysis concluded that the Palace Museum brand should not be over-commercialized or influenced by the fast-selling atmosphere of the Z era to reduce the actual value of the brand. As a state-supported transformation brand, the Palace Museum brand had a rich cultural value base and production resource support, but it abused brand IP to produce low-quality products due to the atmosphere of the times, resulting in a decline in brand image and loyalty. Therefore, in this context, due to the negative impression brought by the sub-brand and the strong internal and external competitive factors, the brand's image positioning has deviated, the value is reduced, and the brand loyalty is reduced. This paper uses SWOT analysis to split the overall factors of the Palace Museum brand to find solutions.

A multinomial logistic regression model-based seismic risk assessment method for museum exhibition halls

Earthquakes may damage not only museum buildings but also museum artifacts, which has raised concerns worldwide. Although there has been a growing interest in the protection of cultural heritage structures and individual art objects from seismic excitations, there remains a lack of a scientific methodology for the seismic risk assessment of museum exhibition halls where many artifacts are on display. In this work, a seismic risk assessment method for museum exhibition halls is proposed, and the Yuan Dynasty porcelain exhibition hall of the Capital Museum located in Beijing, China, is selected as a representative case for demonstration. Via the proposed method, the seismic fragility analysis of museum exhibition halls is performed on the basis of a developed multinomial logistic regression model. The risk values are then determined from the results of the site hazard and seismic fragility analysis. Finally, a simple fuzzy model is applied to realize the seismic risk assessment according to the calculated risk values. The method considers the detailed geometry of the artifacts, their support conditions, the dynamic response of the showcase, and the floor acceleration amplification of the museum structure. The proposed method can serve as a scientific analytical means by which to assess the seismic risk of museum exhibition halls for the preservation of cultural artifacts.

TOX regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and its function in tumor.

Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) is expressed differently at all T lymphocytes development stages. Owing to more advanced scientific and technological means, including single-cell sequencing technology, heterogeneity of T lymphocytes and TOX has gradually been revealed. Further exploration of such heterogeneity will help us comprehend the developmental stage and functional characteristics of T lymphocytes in greater detail. Emerging evidence supports its regulation not only in exhausting, but also in activating T lymphocytes, thereby verifying TOX heterogeneity. TOX can be used not only as a latent intervention target for tumor diseases and chronic infections, and a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases, but also as a critical factor predicting the drug response and overall survival of patients with malignant tumors.

Characterization and Selection by Optical Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays by Absorption

The far ultraviolet rays are harmful to human health, particularly for their mutagenic effects; it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, photochemical pollution. In the future, chemists plan to use it as weapons for the destruction of objects. Therefore, we should meet this future challenge by scientific means in order to snuff out its far-ultraviolet rays. In this paper, we’ve intend to carry out a deep spectral study on a series of red dyes such as: beet red; congo red; methyl red; neutral red; phenol red and carminic acid, to find out which are able to damage far ultraviolet rays by absorption. The experimental results have been carried out in our laboratory; it has shown that certain red pigments have an ability to absorb light in the far ultraviolet range due to their chemical structures. Therefore, they are able to dodging far ultraviolet rays. Moreover, the spectral analyzes by the emission of the series of red dyes studied, have showed that these red dyes emit beyond 600 nm.

The Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Concept of سرعة (Speed) in Arabic

Despite the wide range of studies on how students’ past knowledge influences their understanding of scientific terminology, few studies were conducted to compare non-scientific language with scientific language, or rather everyday language with scientific language, from a cognitive linguistic perspective. The present paper aims to determine the cognitive mechanisms, i.e., image schemas, conceptual metaphor, and conceptual metonymy, which underpin the conceptualisation of the Arabic term سرعة (speed), using a conceptual metaphor theory framework. Thus, the research question guiding this study is: What cognitive mechanisms underlie the concept of سرعة (speed) in Arabic? The findings of this study will shed light on how Arab speakers conceptualise this term, demonstrating their background knowledge of the term compared to its scientific meaning. The article adds to the growing body of cognitive linguistics research on the conceptual processes behind physics terms. The data was collected from the Arabic Web Corpus (arTenTen) using the Sketch Engine. The findings demonstrated that VERTICATLITY and SCALE schemas are the most dominant image schemas that anchor the conceptual meaning in Arab speakers’ perceptions of the term under investigation and the discourse in which it is employed, as well as offer the concrete basis for conceptual metaphors. The conceptual metaphor CHANGE IS MOTION (LOCATION) was also shown to be active in motivating the conception of SPEED in Arabic.

Construction and Environmental Protection Analysis of New Energy Power Generation Projects

With the rapid development of society and the increasing number of infrastructure projects, new huge demand for energy emerges, and, in the meantime, enormous resources are being consumed. Overusing coal, oil, and natural gas consumes resources and increases the greenhouse effect, releasing more toxic substances into the ecological environment. Therefore, in the past development process, the pollution problems caused by projects that relied on fossil fuels as power generation was relatively serious. The traditional energy supply model has yet to meet the requirements of current social development. Along with the emergence of green sustainable development, transformation and upgrading of the power generation industry have become urgent issues to deal with. To effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution and achieve green growth, the current society is actively developing clean and renewable new energy to help the power generation industry develop an energy-saving and environmentally friendly sustainable development model. Among power generation projects, new energy power generation projects play an important role. However, new energy is still developing, so the project investment cost is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the construction quality of new energy power generation projects through scientific and effective means to achieve the goal of environmental protection during development.

FROM FRAMING TO FLAMING IN THE CROSS-THEOLOGICAL DEBATE: HOW ARE CHRISTIAN PRINCE’S COMMENTARIES REPRESENTED THE QUR’AN ON YOUTUBE?

Christian Prince’s (CP) presence on YouTube opened a new chapter in Christian opposition actors who act as cross-theological debaters between Muslims and Christians who, for the previous two decades, were only dominated by Muslims. Through the narratives on YouTube, this Christian apologist tries to convince the public that the Qur’an contains contradictory statements as the holy book for Muslims. In response to such an issue, this research aims to investigate the construction of CP’s interpretation, which highlights the authenticity of the Qur’an. Qualitative content and thematic analyses and the framing approach developed by William A. Gamson were employed. Findings suggest that the representation of CP’s understanding of the Qur’an verses uses a decontextualization approach. Also, the vast knowledge of the Arabic language and literary translations further strengthen the narratives to convince the public of the allegations. However, instead of considering the historical context in understanding the scientific meaning of the Qur’an, this Christian apologist uses literal meaning as a framing device. This phenomenon has shown that cross-theological debates only provoke persistent inter-religious hatred and resentment. Therefore, such debates are inclined to trigger the propaganda of religious extremists.

Environmental damage compensation for illegal solid waste dumping in China

China aims to improve its system for pursuing environmental damage compensation environmental violation cases. To hold violators accountable, China has an effective system for the identification and assessment (I&A) of environmental damage. This study selected a typical case of the illegal dumping of solid waste (IDSW) in China to analyze the causes, the degree, and characteristics of environmental damage, focusing on components such as the physical quantification and valuation of damage. The findings were as follows: (1) Compensation claimants and obligors consider baseline damage confirmation and causality analysis key components of I&A. (2) The I&A process for a specific case needs to focus on key nodes such as the type, location, and duration of IDSW. (3) Restraining IDSW requires accurately quantifying the physical and value-related losses caused by solid waste dumping. (4) In the selected case study, the damage from environmental contamination caused by the IDSW incident amounted to 3938,990 yuan, including an environmental damage value of 3651,990 yuan and a transaction cost of 287,000 yuan. Both parties accepted the I&A calculation process in this case, and the desired punishment effect was achieved. Hence, the case study demonstrated that accurate I&A is the technical basis for environmental damage compensation. Thus, in the future, more attention should be paid to the role of scientific and technological means and knowledge reserves in the I&A of environmental damage.

Rhetorical Analysis Benchmarks in the First Part of Shostakovich’s Quartet no. 8

Quartet No. 8 in C minor, op.110 is perhaps the most appropriate direct testimony of the composer, having a special status among his 15 quartets, which he acquired both through the prism of the conjuncture in which it was conceived, as well as through the symbolic charge of the self-readings in its content. We will assume a rhetorical perspective over the opening part of this work, in order to trace, at the level of the score, the immediate manifestation of the composer’s intimate persona through scientific means of classification.