Changes In Meaning Research Articles

The Relationship between the Signifier and the Signified in the Qur’anic Text

The signifier and the signified, or what is sometimes called the word and the meaning, are part of what is known as semantics, one of the branches of modern linguistics, which is concerned with the study of words and sentences in a descriptive and objective manner. Semantics developed in several stages throughout history. In Greece before Christ, Plato and his teacher Socrates saw that the connection between words and their signifieds was a natural, intrinsic connection. As for Aristotle, he saw that the connection between the word and the meaning was a conventional one that people in a society agreed upon. The relationship between the signifier and the signified according to Saussure falls within the scope of the linguistic sign, which is a psychological entity with two aspects: the signifier, which expresses the sound image of the word from a psychological perspective, which is the impression and effect it leaves on the senses, and the signified, which expresses the idea in its abstract form of the word. The signifier chosen by the language cannot be replaced by another. Change means a change in the relationship between the signifier and the signified. It also means that the language changes even though the speakers are unable to change it. Most contemporary Arabs have rejected the natural relationship between the signifier and the signified or the word and the meaning, and they have demonstrated this as follows : 1- One word in one language may express different meanings, which is called homonym. 2 - One meaning may be expressed by several words, which is called synonymy. 3- Linguistic development may result in the development of words and their change in form while maintaining the same meanings, and it may result in a change in meanings while maintaining the same form. 4-The relationship between the signifier and the signified in modern Western linguistic theories revolved around the relationship between the signifier and the signified, including : First: The referential theory was developed by the two English scholars Ogden and Richards. The concept of their theory is based on the fact that the meanings of words are what the reference to things other than themselves leads to. The relationship between the thing and the idea may be a direct relationship, for example, when we think of colored things when we see them, or an indirect relationship, as when we think of Aristotle, for example. Second: The conceptual theory began with John Locke, who said: “The use of words should be a sensitive indication of ideas, and the ideas they represent are their direct and specific meaning.” The theory says that language is a means of conveying ideas or is a moral representation of what is inside the speaker, and that what is expressed linguistically is considered a sign indicating a specific idea. Third: The American behavioral theory, founded by the American linguist Bloomfield, is based on what is required for the use of language in communication. It depends on the meaning that stimulates a specific verbal response, and meaning, according to Bloomfield, is the set of results obtained through the situation in which a specific speech occurs, and this occurs through the elements of stimulus and response. Fourth: The English social theory, which concluded that the meaning of the word, according to the proponents of this theory, is its use in the language, the way it is used, or the role it plays. It is the study of the word within the structure or formation in which it appears, as the true meaning of the word does not appear except through the context in its various forms. Thus, the meaning is interpreted as a function in a context. Fifth: The theory of semantic fields. Semantic fields are defined as a group of words whose meanings are linked within a specific concept, i.e. a group of concepts that are built on shared linguistic relationships, such as when we say (father, brother, mother, etc.). In this sense, they belong to the field of kinship, for example.

Meaning Change in U.S. Occupational Identities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Was It Temporary or Durable?

The COVID-19 pandemic altered social and economic life in the United States, displacing many people from their typical relationship to the institution of work. Our research uses affect control theory’s measurement structure to examine how cultural meanings for occupational identities shifted during the pandemic on the dimensions of evaluation (good-bad), potency (powerful-powerless), and activity (lively-inactive). Quinn et al. found that most occupations were seen as less good and powerful in the early stages of the pandemic than they were shortly before it began, with greater evaluation loss for nonessential occupations and greater potency loss for occupations classified as essential by state executive orders. We add a third wave to these data to reassess meanings after the pandemic eased and vaccines were developed. We use linear mixed modeling to estimate meaning changes across all three waves and to explore whether these changes differed for essential versus nonessential occupations. We find that evaluation and potency ratings of occupations rebounded over the longer term—a pattern that fits a control model of stable cultural meaning. Our results contribute to discussions in cultural sociology about beliefs and their stability.

Absorption of Arabic Vocabulary into Indonesian (Analysis of Phonology, Morphology and Meaning in the Kbbi V Dictionary)

This research aims to detail the process of absorbing Arabic vocabulary into Indonesian, emphasizing phonology, morphology, and semantics changes. This approach is library research using the listening, tapping, and free listening methods to collect data from various sources such as books, articles, networks, magazines, newspapers, and related documents. In phonological analysis, it was found that Arabic loan words used in daily communication experienced phonological changes, including sound changes, sound weakening, and changes in certain sounds. The results showed significant changes in the pronunciation of loan words. Meanwhile, semantic analysis reveals changes in meaning in borrowing Arabic words into Indonesian, including narrowing, widening, and changes in the meaning of adjectives, nouns, adverbs, and verbs, including changes in referential meaning. From a morphological perspective, changes in word classes are recorded, such as changes from nouns to adjectives, nouns to verbs, and other changes. The complexity of vocabulary absorption is illustrated through changes in these word classes. This research highlights that absorbing Arabic vocabulary into Indonesian is dynamic and complex. These findings have important implications for the evolution of Indonesian and interlanguage relations. Changes in phonology, semantics, and morphology reflect the complex interactions between these two languages, which will continue to develop along with changes and developments over time. This research provides deep insight into understanding the evolution of Indonesian and the dynamics of interlanguage relationships.

Перспективы работы с лингвистическим корпусом в аспекте исследования фразеологического фонда национального языка

The research is aimed at obtaining evidence of the effectiveness of using the resources of a national linguistic corpus to clarify the semantic development of phraseological units. The work attempts to consider the prospects for involving a national linguistic corpus while studying phraseological units as exemplified by the Russian nominative phraseological unit ‘зеленая улица’ (green light). The authors describe the methodology of dealing with a linguistic corpus to obtain the necessary information on the basis of which diachronic and synchronic changes in the phraseological meaning are examined. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the semantics of the phraseological unit ‘зеленая улица’ is reviewed using the resources of the Russian National Corpus. As a result of the empirical research, the efficiency of its use has been proved: using the corpus of a national language as a source of linguistic, cultural information and extralinguistic factors makes it possible to trace the semantic development of a phraseological unit by expanding its sphere of application, highlighting additional shades of its phraseological meaning and, in some cases, independent meanings.

The Role of Nahwu and Sharf Sciences in Arabic Language Learning

Language is a tool for thinking, expressing and communicating. One of the basic competency development areas in kindergarten is language development. Language allows children to translate experiences into symbols that they can use to communicate and think. The study of sharaf or Arabic morphology is about word forms. In Arabic, syntax is known as nahwu. Sharif (2017:97) says, "Syntax is the study of the relationship between words, phrases, clauses, and sentences with other words, phrases, clauses, and sentences". So learning Nahwu is learning the rules of phrase arrangement in sentences. Morphology is a branch of linguistics that identifies the basic units of language and studies the intricacies of word forms and the effect of word changes on the meaning of parts of speech. In Arabic linguistics, the term morphology is known as sharaf. The word sharaf itself means word transformation that results in a change in word form, which results in a change in meaning, and the word transformation is known as At-Tashrif. The results of the At-Thasrif process produce wazan or scales which then become the standard for Arabic word formation. Arabic morphology has emerged as an independent discipline from the linguistics of the parent Arabic language. The author uses qualitative research methods, namely with literature studies or in other languages called literature studies. Literature study or literature study is part of a scientific work which contains a discussion of previous research and also from scientific references that are relevant to the research that the author describes in the work that the author wrote.

From a Historical Hero/Demigod/Titan to an Influencer

For young people, there is practically no distinction between a celebrity and an authority, a demigod, and an influencer. In practice, the historical heroes are almost unknown in many conversations. On the other hand, popular influencers are completely unrelated to the older generation. A certain definitional chaos can be observed among contemporary Polish youth. In this article, we want to present basic definitional concepts that are an example of generational change. In our opinion, the change in meaning of the concept of a hero is best captured by a generation of young people who probably understand the concept of hero in a different way than it was understood 30 or 40 years ago. The research method will be a questionnaire, and the research tool will be an internet questionnaire. The research group will be selected purposefully—with a minimum of 30 respondents aged 19-24, using new media. The collected data will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It should be emphasized that research conducted on a purposefully selected group cannot be generalized for the entire population. However, it will shed light on the way of changing the meaning of this concept and the perception of contemporary heroes, who are often identified with influencers.

Proses Morfofonemik pada Bahasa Jawa Kabupaten Bengkalis

This research discusses morphophonemic phenomena in the Javanese language in Bengkalis with a focus on sound changes that occur at the morpheme level. Morphophonemics, as a linguistic study that explores the relationship between morphemes (minimal meaning units) and phonemes (minimal sound units), is a theoretical basis for describing morphemic sound changes in Javanese. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Research data was obtained from the results of Javanese speech by speakers. Research data was obtained from the results of data collection techniques using the listen, speak, note method. The data analysis technique is carried out through the following stages: 1) observing research data; 2) Transcription of research data; 3) Translating research data; 4) Classifying research data; 5) Analyzing changes in nasal meaning according to theory; 6) Draw conclusions from the research results. The research results show that the Javanese language on the island of Bengkalis experiences several morphophonemic phenomena, including changes in phonemes, addition of phonemes, and deletion of sounds at the morpheme level. If the prefix (N-) meets the phoneme /p/ it will change to /m/. Likewise with the prefixes (Sa-) and (Pa-), if they meet the initial phoneme of a vowel, the phoneme /a/ will disappear. Concrete examples are given to illustrate sound changes that occur in various morphemic contexts.

Kunstwerk und Titel.

At first glance, the relationship between work and title appears to be exhausted: for works of art are unique specimens that exist unchanged over long periods of time, just like their titles. They offer unchanged models for interpretation, and extensive elucidations – in particular of classical – works are available. But experience shows that the view of a work changes during social developments. Linguistic expressions in titles are also subject to constant change of meaning. Any clarification of the relationship between the work and the title must therefore be made subject to modifications in both the interpretation of the work and the interpretive resources of the title. For this purpose, it is not surprising that a semiotic theory is used. With Rudi Keller’s “pragmatic sign theory”, a construct was chosen through which both sign systems, the visual and the textual language, become explicable and which ties the emergence of a sign to the (type of) interpretation (see chapter 2). Individual considerations of both areas of analysis reveal that interpretations of the work and the title proceed semioticaloay on different levels. They interact and merge to form a unit called “impression”. This article is about the formation of such art impressions, more precisely: about the interplay between the interpretations of artworks and their titles. The basic hypothesis is that viewers of artworks use the titles as a resource for interpretation, and furthermore that artists (can) also use this experience to achieve or prevent possible impressions. In the form of selected case studies (see chapters 3 and 4 below), different interrelationships between works and their titles are illustrated to arrive at a synthesis of their manifold interactions.

Change in Meaning of Hugh Hefner and Playboy: From Horatio Alger to Sexual Predator

Between 1953 and 2023, mass media changed how they cover Hugh Hefner and Playboy magazine. My thesis is that the defining narratives of Hugh Hefner and his famous creation involved five distinct media personas, which were entrepreneur, activist, paradox, tragic figure, and predator. Using key magazine articles as central points of information, I consider how changes in Playboy's success combined with cultural shifts in the structure of feeling, such as fourth-wave feminism and the Me Too movement, to transform the dominant representation of Hugh Hefner from an entrepreneurial Horatio Alger to a salacious predator. Media attention after his death recognizes that Hugh Hefner had a definite but undeniably controversial influence on American life.

Influence of destructive leadership behaviors on the meaning of work and work productivity.

This study aimed to determine the influence of destructive leadership behaviors on employees' meaning of work and work productivity, using a longitudinal research design. Local government organizations in a municipality in Sweden were invited to participate in the study. Self-rated questionnaire data on employees' meaning of work and work productivity was collected at four time points over a period of 18 months, and 582 employees responded to the questionnaire on one or more occasions. A 4-item Destructive Leadership Scale (DLS) was developed and used at the first time point to assess the destructive leadership behaviors of incoherent planning, assigning unnecessary tasks, ambiguous expectations, and autocratic behavior. Latent growth models were used to analyze the influence of destructive leadership on the change in employees' meaning of work and work productivity over the 18-month period. The results show that destructive leadership has a significant negative influence on employees' meaning of work (β = -0.44, p = 0.02) and work productivity (β = -0.46, p = 0.04). The effect sizes were greater than those identified in previous cross-sectional studies, indicating that the effects of destructive leadership may accumulate and become more important over time. Important destructive leadership behaviors include incoherent planning, assigning unnecessary tasks, ambiguous expectations, and autocratic behavior. These behaviors have a significant negative effect on employees' meaning of work and work productivity. Proactive assessment of destructive leadership behaviors is warranted to improve future selection and training of managers.

Miscellaneous Arabic Loanwords in Local Bugis Culture

The Bugis language adopted or adapted many Arabic vocabulary, especially after the spread of Islam and adopted by the Bugis community. The absorption of Arabic into the Bugis language continued to evolve with time and cultural interaction between the two groups. This study aims to obtain decryption related to the process of Arabic loanwords into Bugis language and also obtain related changes in word structure in Arabic loanwords into Bugis language. By using qualitative methods, namely research approaches used to understand and explain phenomena in depth and descriptively. The source of the data obtained through interviews with native speakers of the Bugis language. The results of this study showed that the absorption of Arabic vocabulary in the Bugis language did not experience a change in meaning. Changes in word structure indicate differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between Arabic and Bugis. This shows that the Bugis language has a different phonological and lexicon system from Arabic, and such changes can be found in the words adopted from Arabic into the Bugis language. The study of Arabic loanwords in the local Bugis culture has significant scientific contributions in the fields of linguistics, cultural studies, and anthropology. For future research, it is recommended to conduct a comparative study between the use of Arabic loanwords in the Bugis language with other regional languages in Indonesia.

Meaning in life following service among post-9/11 military veterans: A latent growth mixture model analysis.

Meaning in life refers to the "sense made of, and significance felt regarding, the nature of one's being and existence." Meaningful living promotes well-being, resilience, and personal growth. Yet, much remains unknown about how meaning changes over time and determinants of meaning, particularly during major life transitions. We identified distinct trajectories of meaning using latent growth mixture models and examined prospective predictors of class membership in a military veteran cohort assessed at multiple time points throughout the first 3 years after leaving service. Three trajectories were identified: consistently high meaning (89.5%; n = 7025), diminishing meaning (6.1%; n = 479), and strengthening meaning (4.4%; n = 348). Veterans with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression symptoms, and moral injury experienced increased odds of a less adaptive trajectory (i.e. diminishing and/or strengthening vs. consistently high meaning), whereas veterans who reported greater psychological resilience, community relationship satisfaction, and intimate relationship satisfaction experienced lower odds of a less adaptive trajectory. Several gender differences were also observed. Results provide insight into veteran subgroups that are more likely to experience lower meaning after leaving military service and thus may benefit from additional support to reduce their risk for poor longer-term health and well-being outcomes.

Transformasi Makna Kata Serapan Bahasa Arab Pada Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Istilah Agama Islam dari Aspek Bahasa dan Budayanya

This research aims to describe Arabic loan words in Indonesian which focuses on terms contained in the Islamic religion and analyze changes in meaning based on linguistic and cultural factors of the source language. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research approach, namely the Systematic Literature Review method with a number of research objects. The data sources used include previous research articles and journals that examine the transformation of language meaning.
 The research results identified three types of meaning changes in Arabic vocabulary that were adopted into Indonesian. The three types of meaning changes include broad meaning changes, narrowed meaning changes, and total meaning changes. This research provides in-depth insight into how words in Arabic interact with the Islamic religion and are then absorbed into Indonesian, and how these meanings change over time and context in aspects of language and culture.

Derivational Affixes in English and Arabic Words: The Process of Word Formation

This article discusses the process of derivational affixation in both English and Arabic. It aims to describe the affix derivation process, which results in changes in the meaning of some words attached by affixes. This is a qualitative research and all examples of words attached by affixes come from books, dictionaries, and other sources. The data collection results show that English and Arabic are very productive in the formation of new words when these words are attached by affixes, which can also cause changes in meaning. The obvious distinction between English and Arabic is in the root word. In Arabic, all basic words are verbs, whereas in English, the basic words that affixes can attach to are verbs, nouns, and adjectives.

The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 Adapted for Mexican Pregnant Women: Psychometric Properties and Influence of Sociodemographic Variables.

A weight-inclusive approach to health involves the promotion of intuitive eating, i.e., the individual's ability to be aware of their physiological hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eat, while paying attention to how certain foods affect their body. The second version of the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2) evaluates four interrelated traits of intuitive eating: Unconditional Permission to Eat (UPE), Eating for Physical rather than emotional Reasons (EPR), Reliance on internal Hunger/Satiety Cues (RHSC), and Body-Food Choice Congruence (BFCC). In this study, our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Mexican Spanish adaptation of the IES-2 for pregnant women and examine the relationship between intuitive eating traits and maternal sociodemographic characteristics. A sample of 514 pregnant women answered our IES-2 adaptation and a sociodemographic questionnaire. We determined the quality, validity, and reliability of our adaptation through descriptive measures, frequency distributions, intra-class correlations, and extreme answer group comparison for each item, eliminating those with weak technical properties. We then performed an exploratory principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis. Last, we analyzed the association between intuitive eating and maternal sociodemographic and reproductive variables through correlation tests and multivariable linear regressions. Psychometric tests confirmed the validity and reliability of our IES-2 adaptation, which comprised 18 out of the 23 original items. Notably, both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded not four but five factors, due to the EPR subscale splitting in two (the "emotional" and "physical" components of EPR). We attribute this novel finding to the emotional manifestations that naturally accompany pregnancy, which may incline pregnant women to base their eating behaviors more on the emotional than the physical component that would otherwise dominate their EPR trait. Further research is also needed about the UPE subscale during pregnancy, due to item removal and subtle changes in meaning. Finally, the influence of sociodemographic variables on the IES-2 score was extremely low, suggesting that other variables, possibly of a psychological nature, may have greater influence on a pregnant woman's intuitive eating.

Prediction and feature importance analysis for wordle strategy based on machine learning models

The word guessing game, Wordle, has attracted considerable attention from researchers in computer studies and mathematics due to its significant relevance. Many studies have been taken on Wordle to explore its potential in simulating human behaviors during gameplay and devising optimal strategies for players. In this paper, strategies based on mathematics theories or machine learning technologies are compared by their feature importance in order to explore whether there is a loss of feature meaning in machine learning methods. In the whole study, the effect of features and their relations to the expectations of tries of game Wordle are also explored. More specifically, this paper introduces machine learning models such as linear, random forest, bagging as well as gradient boosting decision trees to visually provide a relation between words features (such as repeat frequency, vowels, consonants) and the expectation of attempts in a game. After establishing machine learning models, the feature importance is derived by feature engineering techniques. The importance is then compared with spearman statistical correlations based on the dataset to hence draw the conclusion of the change of feature meaning in machine learning methods. Study results indicate that there is loss of meaning and effect of features in the better fitted prediction models (gradient boosting decision trees, random forest) compared to the statistic approaches.

Ethnographic Study of Symbolic Meanings in the Ma'nene' Toraja Ritual Series

In an ethnographic study of the "Toraja Ma'nene' Ritual," the Toraja people follow the Aluk Todolo beliefs which involve symbols, religion, and cultural preservation. The Ma'nene' ritual is a funeral ceremony that honors ancestors and is related to symbols that have meaning in the life of the Torajan people. The Toraja people believe in the Aluk Todolo belief, which combines elements of local beliefs and elements of Christianity. The Ma'nene' ritual is understood as a way to respect ancestors, care for them, and preserve culture. The traditional meaning, rooted in the Aluk Todolo belief, has experienced a shift to a modern meaning that emphasizes love, gratitude, respect and care for ancestors. This study reveals the complexity of interactions between tradition, religion and cultural preservation in Toraja society. The Ma'nene' ritual is a symbol of changes in meaning and implementation that reflects the combination of Aluk Todolo beliefs and the influence of Christianity, with the aim of preserving cultural heritage.

Making sense of linguistic diversity in Helsinki, Finland: The timespace of affects in the linguistic landscape

AbstractThis article explores the spatiotemporal and affective qualities of linguistic landscapes at three linguistically diverse neighborhoods in Helsinki, Finland. The three sites were selected for qualitative fieldwork using a method that combines social media and population registry data with quantitative measures of diversity and spatial analytics. The article demonstrates how each site is characterized by its own distinct affective atmosphere, which is discursively construed and made sense of through references to other places and times. The timespace analysis of affects provides conceptual and methodological tools that allow analyzing the change and circulation of social meanings in the landscape, as well as differences in these aspects across settings.

DICTIONARY OF COVID-19 TERMS: ENGLISH–FRENCH–ARABIC” TERBITAN ALESCO 2020: PENGARUH COVID-19 TERHADAP PERUBAHAN MAKNA BAHASA ARAB (KAJIAN SEMANTIK)

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Language and phenomena are two things that cannot be separated. New phenomena will give birth to new languages as well. The Covid-19 pandemic is undoubtedly not a phenomenon that can be considered small. Of course, COVID-19's contribution to the treasures of language will be substantial. This research will try to dissect the terms about COVID-19 listed in the Dictionary of Covid-19 Terms: English – French – Arabic, an electronic dictionary published by ALESCO (Arab et al. Organization). This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a semantic change approach in the style of Mukhtar Umar. The results obtained from this research are that the terms in this dictionary are not the production of new words but rather old words labeled with new meanings. Researchers found four words that experienced changes in meaning, two in the form of a shift in meaning, one in the form of an expansion of definition, and one in the form of a narrowing of meaning.</em></p>

Modernisasi dan Pergeseran Nilai dalam Tradisi Merdang Merdem pada Masyarakat Suku Karo

The Merdang Merdem Tradition is one of the traditions in the Karo area and is still implemented today, even though in reality there are still people who migrate to other areas, this tradition is still implemented and maintained. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the Merdang Merdem tradition has experienced a shift both in meaning and implementation. In terms of meaning, this tradition has changed from its initial purpose of giving thanks for an abundant harvest to becoming a means of entertainment for the Karo people. Traditions that are synonymous with sacred dances can no longer be seen for their sacredness. In its implementation, it is also very different from before, as can be seen from the increasingly modern musical instruments and event concept. The Merdang Merdem Tradition is now only a habit and is considered a cultural performance by the community. Despite changes in meaning and values, the Merdang Merdem tradition still maintains aspects of local wisdom and spirituality that reflect the identity of the Karo tribe. Shifting values are interpreted as a form of adaptation that allows traditions to remain relevant in the context of changing times. The implications of this research can provide insight into cultural dynamics and the importance of understanding changes in values in maintaining the sustainability of Karo traditions.