Meander Antenna Research Articles

Wideband meander-line-antipodal-vivaldi slot-antenna for millimeter-wave applications

An antipodal Vivaldi monopole radiator is employed in an innovative wideband planar slotted meander antenna. A quarter-wave microstrip feed is coupled to the antenna for a ground reflector plane over a meander line with five right and left antipodal Vivaldi (RLAV) slots on either side and a series of Z, inverted U and inverted Z-shaped turns. The FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and modest dimensions of 50 × 20 × 1.6 mm3 is used to implement the proposed antenna. A 17.39% fractional bandwidth of -29.10dB (S11 <-10dB), an average radiation efficiency of 73%, and a gain of 6.7dBi at the central frequency of 28GHz. The outcomes of using RLAV arms at the centre of the meander structure enhance the antenna’s performance validated using the high-frequency structural software Ansys 2022R1, which is a finite element method (FEM) tool. The measured results indicate that the bandwidth enhancement has been fine-tuned for use in the 5G millimetre wave band in the Frequency Range 2 (FR2) n261 frequencies, the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) band n257, and the Federal Communications Commission’s (5G) high-band spectrum (25-30GHz).

Spin wave excitation and detection using different meander-shaped antennas: experiment and simulation

The excitation and detection of spin waves (SWs) with specific wavenumbers is very important not only for fundamental SW research but also for the development of future SW devices. Conventional SW theoretical and numerical studies focused on the excitation of dynamic magnetization in waveguides, and did not address the practical limitations imposed by the geometry and configuration of the detection antenna. Using the finite element method, we calculated the induced current with meander-shaped antennas on the detection side, and succeeded in simulating the wavenumber filter effect of SW signals on detection. This was confirmed using experimental measurements on permalloy waveguides. In addition, we investigated, using simulation and experimentally, the effects of combinations of different meander-shaped antennas and broadband signal-ground antennas for excitation and detection. It is found advantageous to set the meander antenna on the detection side to enable filtering and selectivity of SW wavenumber. These findings are important for the development of SW devices.

Design of Multiband, Reconfigurable Coplanar Meander Antenna for WLAN Applications

This paper presents the implementation of Reconfigurable, Planar Meander Antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.12 GHz for WLAN applications. In the proposed work the planar meander antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. In the meander antenna the varactor diodes are incorporated in the appropriate arm positions to achieve reconfigurability. In this, reconfigurability is accomplished using frequency tuning. Also, the principle of reconfigurability in meander antenna focuses size reduction and dual band operations. The meander structure is characterized for its operating frequency. A parametric study is done for finding the resonance in the appropriate arm positions of the meander antenna. The varactor diodes fixed meander antenna is tested using network analyzer. The comparison is made for the antenna designs of with and without varactor diodes for the establishment of reconfigurability. The effects of active components are ignored. The proposed antenna design is validated for its concurrence in both simulation and experimentation. The arm and the behavior of the frequency tuning is tested using the network analyzer. The reflection coefficient is -23.66dB and -18.41dB at 2.45 GHz and 5.1 GHz respectively. The overall size of the meander antenna is reduced by 76%. VSWR of the proposed antenna is 1.

Wrap-like transfer printing for three-dimensional curvy electronics.

Three-dimensional (3D) curvy electronics has wide-ranging application in biomedical health care, soft machine, and high-density curved imager. Limited by material properties, complex procedures, and coverage ability of existing fabrication techniques, the development of high-performance 3D curvy electronics remains challenging. Here, we propose an automated wrap-like transfer printing prototype for fabricating 3D curvy electronics. Assisted by a gentle and uniform pressure field, the prefabricated planar circuits on the petal-like stamp are integrated onto the target surface intactly with full coverage. The driving pressure for the wrapping is provided by the strain recovery of a prestrained elastic film triggered by the air pressure control. The wrapping configuration and strain distribution of the stamp are simulated by finite element analysis, and the pattern and thickness of the stamps are optimized. Demonstration of this strategy including spherical meander antenna, spherical light-emitting diode array, and spherical solar cell array illustrates its feasibility in the development of complex 3D curvy electronics.

Design of meander line antenna using low tangent loss material

The meander line antenna is designed for wireless application using CST-MWS. The antenna design requires lots of analysis like substrate material, dielectric constant, loss tangents, port selection etc. The FR4 is widely available and chip material for antenna design. But tolerances are quite high because FR4 is a considerably less expensive board. Therefore, it is challenging to determine the relative dielectric constant's exact value. In this research antenna is designed using 4.4 dielectric constant material. A mixture of flame-retardant epoxy resin and glass fabric is used to create the FR4 class of printed circuit board base materials. FR stands for flame retardant and complies with UL94V-0 standards.A two-element meander line antenna is created for this study. The MIMO antenna is 90 × 31 × 1.6 mm3 in total. A single patch meander antenna measures 45x31 mm2. Good isolation performance between antenna elements is produced by the high isolation. The suggested MIMO antenna is designed with meander arms since the basic rectangular traditional patch required more space than the meander line structure did. The recommended antenna's envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.014. The gain of the MIMO antenna is 0.4 dB, and the directivity of the antenna is 6.85 dBi. The MIMO antenna's bandwidth ranges from 4.88 to 4.97 GHz, and it resonate at 4.93 GHz. The antenna has a return loss of −44 dB and a bandwide isolation of more than 22 dB. The material consider here as FR-4 substrate (lossy) (Ɛr = 4.3), h = 0.078 mm and t = 0.07 mm with low tangent losses. The thermal conductivity of material is varies from 2.2 to 2.5 cal/h. cm Deg C. The coefficient of thermal expansion is 11 µm/m/Deg. C. The MIMO antenna performance parameter is evaluated by considering FR-4 material and it is found satisfactory to fulfill the wireless antenna design needs.

A Proposed Compact Broadband Meander Antenna for RFID Applications

Radio Frequency Identification technology aims at identifying and tracking objects labeled with tags. To achieve this goal, the need for antennas with certain characteristics and specifications becomes of great importance. In this research work, a proposed compact broadband meander antenna for Radio Frequency Identification Applications is presented. In the proposed model of the antenna, the inductive strips are bent to generate capacitive effects between them. To achieve an acceptable impedance matching at a frequency of 876MHz between the antenna and the receiving microchip of model “NXP UCODE G2XL”, shorting lines created along the antenna structure together with a T-shaped matching circuit are used. This proposed design of the antenna results in a compact size antenna (75×25×1.6mm3) with a resonance frequency that lies in theEuropean band of 867MHz, and it has an input impedance of Z = 16 - j156 Ω. The antenna is made from copper strip with a thickness of 35 μm and fabricated on an FR4 epoxy substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. This paper presents the proposed antenna simulation results performed in various situations and conditions. The antenna performance is investigated in terms of various aspects such as gain, radiation pattern, return loss, and input impedance.

Multi-source Excited Bowtie Loaded Meander Antenna for Series Superconducting Josephson Junction THz Mixer

Multi-source Excited Bowtie Loaded Meander Antenna for Series Superconducting Josephson Junction THz Mixer

A Planar Low-Profile Meander Antenna Design for Wireless Terminal Achieving Low RF Interference and High Isolation in Multi-Antenna Systems

In this article, a meander line internal antenna used for wireless terminal is proposed. The current of this antenna is mostly distributed on the antenna radiator itself, rather than on the main board of the wireless device. As a result, the chance of having radio-frequency (RF) interference issues, which usually result in receiver desensitization in wireless radios, can be significantly reduced. The antenna has good radiation performance in the vertical polarization with a low physical profile, compared with the existing antenna designs for typical wireless terminals. The antenna has efficiency similar to the monopole antenna with much less reference/ground plane dependence, achieving lower RF interference, which is demonstrated by the noise coupling measurements in a predefined digital clock - antenna configuration. Furthermore, the mutual coupling (i.e., isolation) between two such antennas is studied and the envelope correlation coefficient between the two antennas is found to be low. A router assembled with the two proposed antennas is tested, and the total isotropic sensitivity is found lower compared with monopole antennas, due to the characteristics of low RF interference and high isolation of the proposed antenna.

A multi-criteria decision analysis of implanted biomedical device antenna: electro-thermal simulation, design, and data analysis

In this article, three elemental (dipole, loop, and meander) designs of an implanted biomedical device (IBD) antenna are studied to provide an enhanced understanding of fundamental (material and geometry) factors which would contribute to the regulation of a steady vital sign, with minimal effect on the surrounding tissue during monitoring and treatment. Dipole and Loop antennas are known to offer similar advantages in that they are both balanced antennas, while the Meander antenna is likely to offer better radiation resistance. The investigation was carried out through the design of experiments and finite element modeling of the temperature field due to the AC level applied (10 or 100mA), under the geometry of each given antenna type and three material options (Titanium, Cobalt Chromium, and Macor). Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making process is applied to select the optimal design under maximum field temperature, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, density, and specific heat attributes. The findings suggested that the Meander design made of Titanium would allow for a maximized overall performance with minimal thermal and radiation effects.

A shorting-pin based compact meander multiband printed monopole antenna

The antenna presented in this work is based on a meandering monopole patch antenna with the incorporated shorting-pin technique for the realization of multiband antenna. The proposed antenna is printed on an FR4 with a footprint of 0.22λg×0.36λg at the lowest operating frequency. The antenna proposed demonstrated six resonances with suitable bandwidth as well as gain which make it suitable for WiMAX, LTE-A, aeronautical radio navigation, sub6GHz band for 5G, and WLAN applications. The prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, measured, and presented. The comparative analysis of the proposed antenna with the recently reported works shows that the proposed antenna outperformed its counterpart in terms of size and number of bands. Therefore, the antenna reported in this work is a suitable and promising candidate for future portable mobile communication devices.

Optimal Bandwidth Positions for a Terminal Embedded Antenna: Physical Bounds and Antenna Design

This article considers a small embedded planar antenna in a square-shaped terminal of 25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a frequency band near 900 MHz, intended for long-range communication. This article aims to shows how the Q-factor bounds can be used to predict the performance of such an antenna. Both to determine the optimal bandwidth and the variations in the total efficiency but also to help to inspire the antenna design shape. The choice of shape and position impacts both bandwidth and efficiency. The latter is illustrated by a center-edge positioned folded inverted F-antenna with higher efficiency, as compared to, a more bandwidth optimal meander antenna at the corner. Fabrication and measurements show that the corner positioned antenna is close to bandwidth optimal, and also that it and the associated optimal current have a similar radiation pattern.

Bowtie loaded meander antenna for a high-temperature superconducting terahertz detector and its characterization by the Josephson effect.

In a quasi-optical system, the high temperature superconducting terahertz detector often suffers from a fundamental problem of low coupling efficiency with the terahertz signal, especially for the detector based on YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) bicrystal Josephson junction (JJ) due to a small normal-state resistance. Here, we developed a bowtie loaded meander antenna to enhance coupling efficiency. Differing from the conventional characterization confining on vector network analyzers, we applied three methods to evaluate the antenna, including the measurements of the maximal size of the first order Shapiro step under per incident power, the coupling efficiency between the antenna and the junction, and voltage responsivity. Furthermore, with simulation analysis, we propose that the inductive reactance of the YBCO bicrystal JJ is around 60 ohms under terahertz irradiation at 210 GHz, thus, the reactance is comparable as that of the antenna.

Compact and flexible meander antenna for Surface Acoustic Wave sensors

This paper presents an innovative, flexible and biocompatible Ultra High Frequency meander antenna, operating at about 800 MHz, realized by means of sputtering on a Polyethylene Naphthalate substrate, and by means of a multi-material 3D printer. The fabricated antennas were characterized in terms of scattering parameters, showing a good impedance matching and a bandwidth in the order of tens of megahertz, gain and 3D radiation patterns. A numerical model was also introduced to investigate the limits of the proposed technologies in terms of metal thicknesses. The fabricated antenna could be efficiently integrated with Surface Acoustic Wave resonators to realize compact, wireless, wearable and battery-less sensing platforms.

Sustaining the Radiation Properties of a 900-MHz-Band Planar LoRa Antenna Using a 2-by-2 Thin EBG Ground Plane

In this work, a 2-by-2 array of a low-profile EBG ground plane is used as a means of sustaining the radiation performance of a 900-MHz LoRa antenna that could be installed at various construction sites. The proposed semi-circles added mushroom (SAM) structure enables a thin EBG height of 0.02λg on an FR-4 substrate at 900 MHz frequencies. A planar electric meander antenna for the 900-MHz LoRa band is integrated with the proposed 2-by-2 SAM plane. From a simulation and demonstration, it is found that the impedance and radiation properties of the integrated prototype in free space are well maintained with a minimum degradation even when it is placed on a concrete medium.

Modified Soret Lenses for Dual-Band Integrated Detectors at Millimetre and Submillimetre Wavelengths

This article presents the comparison of different modified Soret lenses suitable for a millimetre and submillimetre-wave dual-band integrated pixel detector. The approach is based on the modification of a printed planar Soret lens, designed to operate in the sub-mm range, to obtain an antenna in the millimetre region. Three modifications of a transmission-mode Soret Lens at 840 GHz based on spiral, logarithmic, and meander antennas geometries have been analyzed with a combination of Kirchhoff's diffraction and full-wave simulation methods. The performance of the designs has been experimentally demonstrated in the submillimetre-wave band, showing good agreement with the simulation results.

Grain Boundary Josephson Junction Harmonic Mixer Coupled With a Bowtie Loaded Meander Antenna With Zero-Bias Operation

The high- T c superconducting (HTS) bicrystal YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO) zero-bias-operation Josephson junction (JJ) harmonic mixer coupled with a bowtie loaded meander antenna (BLMA) is proposed and studied at 0.21 THz. When the JJ mixer coupled with the BLMA, the maximal harmonic number increases up to 146 with the conversion efficiency of −63.6 dB at the bath temperature around 4.6 K compared to a mixer coupled with a log-periodic antenna (LPA) of only a maximal harmonic number of 46 with the conversion efficiency of −71.6 dB. The mixer coupled with the BLMA has a higher order harmonic mixing with a lower local oscillator (LO) power of 1.26 dBm, which further illustrates its superiority to that coupled with a LPA with the LO power of 5.59 dBm. The experiment verifies the merits of the JJ harmonic mixer operating at zero bias as a promising device in terahertz regions.

Gain enhancement of a compact 2.4‐GHz meander antenna using inductive feed and capacitive load

AbstractIn this study, a compact printed meander antenna with enhanced peak gain for 2.4‐GHz applications was investigated. Inductive feed and capacitive load techniques were used in the meander antenna's design to optimize peak gain performance. A measured maximum peak gain of 4.49 dBi, input reflection coefficient of −15 dB, and fractional bandwidth of 7.23% were achieved using a 1.6‐mm‐thick FR4 substrate. The low‐profile antenna occupied an area of 26 × 15.6 mm2. The proposed antenna can be implemented in standard printed circuit board processes without any lumped elements or via holes, and it introduces very little fabrication complexity.

Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Multiband Meander Antenna Using Varactor Diode for Wireless Communication

A compact multiband frequency reconfigurable meander antenna proposed for wireless communication systems is designed and described in this paper. A folded structure has been chosen due its good tradeoff between size, bandwidth and efficiency. The reference antenna is based on a meander patch structure radiating at F1=1, F2=1.94, F3=2.6GHz and optimized to be integrated in the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). In order to sweep the resonance frequencies, a chip capacitor was inserted between the meander patch printed on the top layer and a floating ground plane on the back one, in first case. Than in second case, by inserting a varactor diode to tuning electronically the resonance frequencies over wide bands. The measured results agree with simulations and good radiation properties were obtained. Realized prototype and related results are indeed presented and discussed.

Miniaturized triple‐band antennas with high isolation for mimo antenna system applications

ABSTRACTIn this article, a miniaturized multiband antenna for multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) system is proposed. The proposed structure consists of two methods to obtain size reduction with a meandering monopole antenna and a quarter‐wavelength slot antenna. The antenna element is implemented on a FR4 PCB with dimensions of 20.6 × 29.5 × 0.8 mm3 for USB dongle applications. Measurements show that the isolation is below l0 dB and |S11| and |S22| is smaller than −6 dB at 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz. To evaluate the mutual coupling effect of MIMO system, the correlation coefficients are determined by the measured scattering parameters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2555–2558, 2015

소형화 구조를 위한 koch curve 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나 설계

The antenna miniaturization technique involves the increment of the electrical length of the resonator the variation of the physical appearance of the antenna. The most typical method of size reduction is designing helical antenna, meander antenna, and fractal antenna. Size reduction using fractal antenna is proposed in this paper. Fractal koch curve has been etched in microstrip patch antenna to downsize the antenna at ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) frequency band of 2.45 ㎓ koch curve microstrip patch antenna ha FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.7, loss tangent equal to 0.02 and dielectric high of 1.6 ㎜. The designed antenna is fabricated using etching process. The fabricated antenna has return loss of 2.45 ㎓, VSWR of 1.1492, and impedance is matched to 46 Ω.