Abstract
This article considers a small embedded planar antenna in a square-shaped terminal of 25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a frequency band near 900 MHz, intended for long-range communication. This article aims to shows how the Q-factor bounds can be used to predict the performance of such an antenna. Both to determine the optimal bandwidth and the variations in the total efficiency but also to help to inspire the antenna design shape. The choice of shape and position impacts both bandwidth and efficiency. The latter is illustrated by a center-edge positioned folded inverted F-antenna with higher efficiency, as compared to, a more bandwidth optimal meander antenna at the corner. Fabrication and measurements show that the corner positioned antenna is close to bandwidth optimal, and also that it and the associated optimal current have a similar radiation pattern.
Highlights
S MALL antennas are increasingly used in almost every connected electronic device, such as cell phones, sensors, trackers, Internet of Things (IoT), and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication devices [1]–[6]
We show how the theory of Q-factor limitations can be used to determine the optimal bandwidth position for an embedded antenna
As part of the analysis, we obtain the tradeoff relations for different positions in a planar terminal and note that there is a sharp increase in the available bandwidth for embedded antennas away from the edges
Summary
S MALL antennas are increasingly used in almost every connected electronic device, such as cell phones, sensors, trackers, Internet of Things (IoT), and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication devices [1]–[6]. These antennas are embedded as a part of the terminal or its chassis. A Q-factor bound is used to determine the optimal position of a small antenna embedded in a 5 × 5 cm terminal.
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