Mean Score Of Participants Research Articles

Pengembangan E-Modul Fisika Dasar untuk Mahasiswa Calon Guru SMK Teknik Konstruksi dan Properti

Students of the Building Engineering Education (PTB) study program, as prospective teachers of the Construction and Property Engineering Vocational School (TKP), need to master physics subject matter extensively and deeply. Hopefully, when they become teachers, vocational students can be interested in physics subjects. This study aims to produce an e-module for introductory physics courses for prospective TKP SMK teachers. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method and uses the 4D development model, which consists of four main stages: Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. Feasibility assessment by media experts obtained a percentage of the validity of the e-module by 90% and included in the very feasible category in terms of media. The feasibility assessment by material experts obtained an average percentage of e-module validity data that is 82%, and it falls into the very feasible category in terms of material. The limited trial results showed that the mean score of participants during the pre-test was 64, and there was an increase to 89 after following the post-test. The results of the product user assessment obtained a value of 84.8 in the very feasible category. The results of validation tests and user responses concluded that the e-module for introductory physics courses is very suitable for teaching material for PTB students, prospective TKP vocational teachers.

Evaluation of attitudes toward epilepsy and health fatalism in northeastern Turkey

PurposeThis study was carried out to identify the attitudes toward epilepsy, health fatalism, and the factors affecting these in individuals living in Artvin in the northeast of Turkey. MethodThis descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1443 healthy individuals at a hospital in Artvin in northeastern Turkey between January and March 2020. An individual information form, an epilepsy attitude scale, and a religious health fatalism scale were used to assess their views. An independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe mean score of participants' attitudes on epilepsy was 48.17 (standard deviation (SD) = 12.93), while the mean of their health fatalism score was 48.43 (SD = 17.41). There was a significant negative correlation between attitude scores and health fatalism (r = −0.084, p = 0.001). Significant differences were found among attitude, health fatalism mean scores, and misconceptions associated with religion about epilepsy being a contagious, psychiatric, and incurable disease that should be hidden. Significant differences were additionally observed among attitude, health fatalism mean scores, and education, marital status, income, employment status, and presence of chronic disease (p < 0.05). ConclusionIt was found that most individuals had moderate level attitude toward epilepsy and had high health fatalism. Individuals with a high degree of health fatalism were found to have more negative attitude toward epilepsy. Attitude was found to be more negative, and health fatalism was found to be higher in individuals with low education level, low-income level, who were married, who were unemployed, who had a chronic disease, and in those who thought epilepsy was a contagious, psychiatric, and incurable disease associated with religion that should be hidden. ImplicationsIt is recommended that health professionals organize training programs to increase public understanding of epilepsy, improving individual attitudes toward the condition, and minimizing health fatalism.

Fear of negative evaluation and the concealment of their disease by epilepsy patients

ObjectiveThe fear of being negatively evaluated and subjected to social stigma causes people with epilepsy to conceal their disease. This study aims to explore the fear of negative evaluation and disease concealment in epilepsy patients in northern Turkey. MethodThis descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 with 109 epilepsy patients who applied to a neurology outpatient clinic in northern Turkey. The study data were collected using a descriptive questionnaire, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Concealment of Epilepsy Scale (CES). ResultsThe mean score of participants on the CES was 46.93 ± 9.55, while the mean score on the BFNE was 31.19 ± 4.86. Participants’ tendency to conceal their disease increased with the age of the participant (p < 0.001). At the same time, it was found that individuals who had more than one seizure a week had a greater tendency to conceal their disease compared with the other participants (p < 0.01). No significant relationship was found between the descriptive characteristics of people with epilepsy and their fear of negative evaluation (p > 0.05). However, a negative significant relationship was found between participants’ fear of negative evaluation and their tendency to conceal their disease (r = −0.32, p < 0.01). ConclusionIn this study, it was found that people with epilepsy had high levels of fear of negative evaluation by society and a strong tendency to conceal their disease. As the patients’ age and seizure frequency increased, their tendency to conceal their disease also increased. Surprisingly, as concealment of their disease increased, participants’ fear of negative evaluation decreased.

Risk perception and precautionary health behavior toward COVID-19 among health professionals working in selected public university hospitals in Ethiopia.

ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine risk perception and precautionary health behavior toward coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among health professionals working in selected public university hospitals of Ethiopia.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey was used with health professionals working in selected public university hospitals of Ethiopia. A structured survey questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic, risk perception, and behavioral response items were used. The survey questions were designed on Google form. All academic and clinical staff invited to participate in the online survey, which was carried out from May 1–14, 2020. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. Descriptive statistics computed and the result is presented by tables and figures.ResultsA total of 273 health professionals participated in this study. The mean (± SD) age of participants was 31.03 ± 5.11. Study participants’ overall mean score of perceived risk was 23.59 ± 4.75. The study participants’ mean score of perceived vulnerability (4.01 ± 1.17) was higher than the human immunodeficiency virus, common cold, malaria, and tuberculosis. Regarding precautionary health behavior, the lowest mean score is for wearing gloves 1.82 ± 1.15.ConclusionParticipants mean score of perceived vulnerability of coronavirus disease was higher than some of the prevalent infectious disease in the area. Almost all participants applied recommended protective measures to the acceptable level, except for wearing mask and gloves. Therefore, there is a need to further intensification of more effective ways to support health professionals’ adherence to major precautionary measure is important.

Effect of a teaching programme on knowledge of postoperative pain management among nurses at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background. Postoperative pain management is a way of reducing or eliminating pain and discomfort with minimum side-effects after surgery. Pain is a predictable and expected experience following surgery, and if not well controlled poses a major risk to the patient. Research shows that most patients suffer complications associated with postoperative pain. It is therefore important to develop approaches on how to improve knowledge of postoperative pain management among nurses. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of a teaching programme on the knowledge of postoperative pain management among nurses in the adult surgical ward of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods. A quasi-experimental research design was conducted, and an accidental sampling technique used to select a total of 60 nurses. Probability sampling was used to divide this group into two (control n =30, experimental group n =30). Data were collected using a modified structured questionnaire, the ‘Knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain’ tool. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital before the administration of the questionnaire. Data obtained were coded and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 statistical software, at p =0.05 level of significance. Results. The pre-intervention mean (standard deviation) score on knowledge of postoperative pain management among participants in the control group was 1.05 (0.60) and 1.06 (0.63) in the experimental group, with a mean difference of 0.01. Following intervention, there was a rise in mean score on knowledge of postoperative pain management among the nurses in the experimental group to 1.62 (0.97), while participants in the control group had 1.05 (0.62), with a mean difference of 0.57. There were significant statistical differences between the pre- and post-intervention mean score of participants’ knowledge of postoperative pain management ( t =3.68, p =0.00). Conclusion. The teaching programme was effective in improving participants’ knowledge of postoperative pain management. Therefore continued education on postoperative pain management is recommended for nurses who are involved in the care of postoperative patients.

Evaluation of Nursing stress and its effective factors in nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan in 2019: Challenges in Nursing

Background and Aim: Nursing is one of the occupations that face a lot of stress in medical settings, especially hospitals. Job stress can negatively affect a nurse's performance and how she cares for her patient. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the level of job stress in nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study. The instruments used in the study included demographic information and an expanded nursing stress scale questionnaire. The study was performed on 220 nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan by census method. Statistical data were performed using SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significant level of p &lt;0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.02 ± 06.68. The mean scores of participants in occupational stress and its subscales showed that about half of the subjects (55.9%) in the study had poor job stress. There was no significant relationship between job stress and demographic variables of gender and marital status using independent t-test and there was no significant relationship between job stress and the above variables. Conclusion: Due to the existence of stress as a negative factor in patient care and the gap between discrimination between physicians and nurses as one of the factors aggravating stress, it is recommended that nursing managers take measures to prevent and support nurses.

Apports de la télésérie à l’amélioration de la compétence d’expression orale du FLE à l’école normale.

Following series of observation and interactions with French students in Gbewaa College of Education, Pusiga, it was discovered that the said students find it difficult expressing themselves orally using the most basic sentences in French. This raises serious concerns about the teaching strategies being employed in teaching and learning of the French language in the Colleges of Education. To address this difficulty, this research was conducted with the main objective to examine the impact of the use of serial movies as teaching aid on oral expression of French language learners in Colleges of Education in Ghana with the aid of smartphones. The data were gathered from the Department of French in Gbewaa Colleges of Education. Three instruments (observation, interview and test) were used in this research. A two group (control and experimental) experimental design was adopted. The mean scores of participants‟ pre-test and post-test were compared to verify if the use of serial movies in French lessons could enhance the learners‟ oral communication skills. It was discovered that the use of serial movies in teaching French boosts learners‟ performance in oral communication. The research hence recommends that serial movies could be used in teaching French language lessons in order to enhance the oral communication competencies among learners

Effect of Education on Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors That Prevent Breast Cancer in Middle-Aged Women: Application of Protection Motivation Theory.

BackgroundIn recent years, an increased incidence of breast cancer has made this disease the most common malignancy among Iranian women. Since education plays an important role in the implementation of preventive behaviors in breast cancer treatment, this study investigates the effect of educational interventions on the promotion of lifestyle-related behaviors that prevent breast cancer in middle-aged women.MethodsIn this randomized control study, 120 women referred to Neyshabur Health Services Centers were randomly selected and divided into two groups: an intervention group (60 subjects) and a control group (60 subjects). An educational intervention was carried out over five sessions, based on protective motivation theory constructs. Participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire immediately and again 2 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 19.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsThe results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of participants exposed to protective motivation theory, awareness, and physical activities immediately and also 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Although the healthy diet scores of the two groups differed significantly immediately after the educational intervention (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the groups 2 months after the intervention (P<0.05).ConclusionGiven the effective role of education in protective motivation theory and the physical activity levels of the women who participated in this research, it seems clear that the women’s financial status shaped their ability to consume more fruits and vegetables. As this social element impacts the health of individuals, training programs alone cannot succeed.

Development and Evaluation of Health Promotion Training Program for Community Pharmacists in Oyo State, Nigeria

Background. Community pharmacists have considered training in health promotion services to improve their practice, but no published study in Nigeria has provided such training to improve practice change. Objectives. The study aims to develop and evaluate the appropriateness and applicability of health promotion training provided for community pharmacists after identifying the gaps in the provision of health promotion services in community pharmacies in Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods. A 2-day training was developed, conducted, and evaluated on a 5-point Likert-type scale, semistructured questionnaire administered to randomly sampled 80 respondents. It rated participants’ opinions on the training content, resource persons, and perceived sufficiency of the training. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21 with descriptive statistics while open-ended responses were analyzed thematically. Results. Response rate was 72.5%. Total mean score of participants’ opinions on the training program was 45.67 ± 5.802 (range of 10–50; midpoint 30). An average score ranged from 3.97 to 4.61 out of the total score of 5 was obtained for good presentation abilities of the resource persons. Respondents (93.1%) strongly agreed and agreed that the training was sufficient to deliver the health promotion services (4.36 ± 0.765). They suggested the need to organize the training periodically (15.5%), training to cover other areas like use of diagnostic test kit and immunization (13.8%) and allowance of more time for interaction and sharing of experiences by participants (10.3%). Conclusion. The training was adequate for use by community pharmacists and fit for the purpose it was designed for.

Psychometric Properties of DASS-21 and Predictive Model of Negative Affectivities in Individuals with Different Pain Conditions

The aims of this cross-sectional study were i) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in adults with different temporal conditions of pain; ii) to compare the Depression, Anxiety and Stress subscale scores in different individuals; iii) to estimate the prevalence of negative affectivity; and iv) to elaborate a predictive model considering aspects related to the development of negative affectivity. A total of 1,150 individuals (mean age: 38.6, SD = 10.8 years; 78.9% women) participated. The fit of the model of DASS-21 to the data was estimated by confirmatory strategy. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress mean scores of participants with different temporal conditions of pain were compared. The association between Depression, Anxiety and Stress and the presence or absence of pain was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratio (OR). A multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate the probability of negative affectivity in the sample.

Predictors of sexual assertiveness in a sample of Iranian married women of reproductive age

Sexual assertiveness and explicit conversations about sex between couples are influenced by variety of individual, cultural, and social factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of sexual assertiveness in a sample of Iranian married women of reproductive age. In this cross-sectional study, 276 married women of reproductive age participated from October 2018 to March 2019. Sampling was done in two stages. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Hulbert sexual assertiveness scale, and Spanier dyadic adjustment scale. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models via ENTER method through SPSS (version 25) software were performed. The mean age of participants was 31.44 years old with the mean marriage duration of 119.59 months. The mean score of participants’ sexual assertiveness was 57.31. The results of the multivariate regression model showed that marital adjustment (B = 0.46, SE = 0.06, β = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.57) was the only significant predictors of sexual assertiveness explaining 30% of the variance, in married women of reproductive age. Due to important predictive role of marital adjustment, more attention should be given to couples adjustment to improve sexual assertiveness. In addition, this model explained only 30% of the variance in the concept of sexual assertiveness, so it is necessary to identify other factors affecting women’s sexual assertiveness.

The Effect of Aromatherapy Application on Cognitive Functions and Daytime Sleepiness in Older Adults Living in a Nursing Home.

Changes in the aging process affect the duration and quality of sleep. Not having a quality night's sleep leads to a reduction in daytime wakefulness in older adults. We examined the effect of aromatherapy on the cognitive functions and daytime sleepiness of older adults living in a nursing home. The research was a pretest and posttest design, which was conducted without a control group. The sample included 39 elders. A rosemary-lemon oil mixture was smelled by elders in the mornings for a week. After a 1-week washout period, lavender oils were smelled in the evenings for a week. After application of the rosemary-lemon oil mixture, the mean score of participants' daytime sleepiness was lower, but that decline was not statistically meaningful (P > .050). After the same application, the mean score of the participants' cognitive functions was significantly lower (P < .001). After application of lavender oil, the scores were significantly lower (P < .001). Lower scores on the scales used indicate lower sleepiness. The results showed that the 2 applications can be used to improve cognitive functions in older adults; in addition, lavender oil has an advantage in reducing daytime sleepiness.

ANALYSIS OF SENSORY PROCESSING ABILITIES AMONG AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS CHILDREN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Autism is characterized by the complex paradigm of intellectual disabilities that leads to impairment in sensory integration, communication barriers and social interaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the sensory processing abilities among autism children. Further the study will be helpful in identifying difficulties faced by autistic children in multidimensional aspects. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted at special education institute/schools of Karachi among the Autism Spectrum Children to evaluate the patterns of sensory integration by using Short Sensory Profile. RESULTS A total of 50 children, 23 males and 27 females with mean age of 9.5±1.84 years included in the study. On SSP, the mean scores of participants were 17.89±7.61 in tactile sensitivity, 16.66±6.90 in Under-responsive/Seeks Sensation, 14.45±5.75 in Visual/Auditory Sensitivity, 17.77±7.04 in Auditory Filtering, 19.57±7.91 in Low Energy/Weak while lowest scores were reported in Taste/Smell Sensitivity and Movement Sensitivity. CONCLUSION It was concluded that definite difference is more prevalent among children with autism whereas varying percentages are found on different items on Short sensory profile. Further studies are required to assess the sensory processing issues for more useful outcomes.

Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Uzamsal Düşünme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this study was to investigate prospective preschool teachers’ spatial thinking skills in terms of gender, class standings, type of high school they previously graduated from and whether they attend a course on early mathematics education or not. Survey Method was used in this study. A total of 132 prospective preschool teachers who were attending a preschool teacher training program at a state university in Turkey participated in this study. Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD) and Spatial Ability Self-Report Scale (SASRS) were used as the data collection tools. Correlation Analysis was used to investigate correlation between the scores of two scales. ANOVA, Independent-Samples T-Test, Kruskal Wallis-H Test and Mann Whitney-U Test were used according to the assumptions of parametric tests. A positive correlation was found between the scores of two different scales. Differences between the mean scores of participants in terms of gender, class standings, high school types and whether they attended a course on early mathematics education or not, were not statistically significant for each assessment scale, as other results of this study.

Relationship of body mass index, abdominal obesity, and metabolic parameters with depression among reproductive-age women

Background and objective: Obesity has been widely regarded as a public health concern because of its adverse impact on health. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of body mass index, abdominal obesity, and metabolic parameters with depression among reproductive-age women. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and seventy-one women who admitted to the Endocrine and Diet Polyclinic of Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Turkey were included. Sociodemographic characteristics were gathered using a data collection form. Biochemical findings were examined in fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken. Depressive symptoms of participants were measured with Beck Depression Inventory. This study was performed with the permission from Chief Physician of Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital (No. 4.35.94.02-003) and approval from the Senate Ethics Committee of Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine (Decision No. 431-1305). Results: Mean score of participants for Beck Depression Inventory was 17.8 ± 11.8. Body weight, body mass index and waist circumference were higher in the group with high level of depressive symptoms than in the group with low level of depressive symptoms (P Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that the level of depressive symptoms was higher in overweight or obese women than women with normal body weight. It may be useful to monitor women who apply for weight control in terms of risk of depression.

A cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of focused group discussion on menstrual hygiene among rural school girls of Southern Haryana, India.

INTRODUCTION:Menstruation is a natural phenomenon among women who experience shedding of blood for 1–7 days every month which usually starts between age 11 and 14 years and continues until menopause at about 51 years of age. It is important to maintain menstrual hygiene, as poor practices increase vulnerability to reproductive and urinary tract infections. The present study was conducted with an aim to investigate the impact of focused group discussion (FGD) compared to didactic lectures (DLs) on the menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices.METHODS:The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 649 school girls during January to August 2019 using a convenience sampling technique. After collecting baseline information using a pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire, the participants in the control and intervention groups were exposed for the DLs and FGD, respectively, and 1 month after such intervention, the same questionnaire was again self-administered by participants. All tests were performed at a 5% level of significance using SPSS (version 22.0).RESULTS:The baseline characteristics of both the groups such as participants' mean age, mean age of menarche, mother's literacy status, religion, type of family, and socioeconomic status were comparable. There was a difference in the knowledge and practice mean score of participants in the control group for pre- and postintervention, which was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:This study reveals that menstrual hygiene is far from satisfactory among most of the school girls. The DLs and FGD have improved the menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices among school girls.

Diabetes-Related Attitudes of Health Care Providers in Rural Health Centers in Aklan, Philippines using the Filipino Version of Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3).

ObjectiveTo determine the beliefs and attitudes towards diabetes of rural health care providers in Aklan, Philippines using the Diabetes Attitude Scale 3 (DAS-3) and to determine factors associated with it.MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional analytic survey. A total of 339 health care providers were given self-administered DAS-3 questionnaires. Additional data gathered included their age, highest educational attainment, position, municipality class, diabetes as a co-morbidity, attendance to diabetes classes, and family history of diabetes.ResultsRural health care providers showed an overall mean positive attitude score of 3.5 using the DAS-3 questionnaire. In decreasing order, mean scores of participants according to subscale is as follows: “Need for Special Training in Education” (4.13) >“Autonomy of diabetes for patients” (3.70) >“Psychosocial Impact of Diabetes” (3.60) >“Value of Tight Glucose Control” (3.14) and “Seriousness of Type 2 Diabetes” (3.09). Physicians have the highest mean scores consistently in all subscales compared to other health care providers. Among the different factors considered, educational attainment (p=0.005) and work position (p=<0.001) were found out to affect attitude score of health care providers.ConclusionThis study has shown that the majority of the rural health care providers believe in the need for special training of healthcare providers, psychosocial impact of diabetes and patient autonomy in diabetes self-care. However, the majority still do not strongly believe in the seriousness of diabetes and the benefits of tight sugar control. Educational attainment and work position are the consistent factors that impact diabetes-related attitude; therefore, the need to strengthen continuous medical education among health care providers.

Effects of the Tell Me About Me Program: Perception of Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Self-Compassion in Older Adults.

The aim of the current quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of the Tell Me About Me program on the perception of social support, self-esteem, and self-compassion among 44 older adults in a nursing home in Turkey. Data were collected from May 2015 to May 2016 via a sociodemographic characteristics form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and Self-Compassion Scale. The difference found between the mean scores of participants' perceived social support and self-esteem on the pretest, posttest, and retest was statistically significant (p < 0.01), but the difference in their mean scores in self-compassion on the pretest, posttest, and retest was not significant (p > 0.05). It is recommended that this program be used for improving social support and self-esteem among older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(10), 39-46.].

Comparison of pre training and post training knowledge of hypertension among medical officers of Narmada district of Gujarat, India

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and death. Medical officers play an important role in Indian public health care system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of training program on knowledge about hypertension among medical officers working in government health centres in Gujarat, India.Methods: A one day training program was conducted for medical officers of various Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Community Health Centres (CHCs) in Narmada district of Gujarat. This training focussed on screening, diagnosis and management of hypertension, essential and secondary hypertension, lifestyle modifications, various anti-hypertensive drugs and practical aspects of examining a patient with hypertension. Impact of the training program was evaluated by a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions which was used as a pre-test and a post-test.Results: A total of 30 medical officers (18 male and 12 female) attended the training. The mean age of participants was 37.4 years and average clinical experience was 11 years. The pre-test mean score of participants was 4.52 and post-test mean score was 8.44. This improvement in the post-test mean score was found to be statistically significant. On comparison of questions answered incorrectly in pre-test and post-test, we found that there was a significant reduction in the number of questions answered incorrectly in the post-test.Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of medical officers regarding screening, diagnosis and management of hypertension as a result of their training.

Supporting the provision of pharmacy medication reviews to marginalised (medically underserved) groups: a before/after questionnaire study investigating the impact of a patient–professional co-produced digital educational intervention

ObjectivesPeople who are marginalised (medically underserved) experience significant health disparities and their voices are often ‘seldom heard’. Interventions to improve professional awareness and engagement with these groups are urgently needed....