Mean Score Of Participants Research Articles

Risk perceptions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding insulin therapy and diabetes complications: Across-sectional study.

This study was conducted to determine the risk perceptions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regarding insulin therapy and diabetes complications. Self-care behaviour is an important requirement for managing T2DM, and risk perceptions are thought to play a key role in this behavioural process. It is predicted that an accurate risk perception will contribute to diabetes management and the reduction in diabetes-related complications. This study was conducted as cross-sectional and a descriptive study. The STROBE checklist was used. The study was conducted with 330 patients with T2DM who presented to the endocrinology outpatient clinic of the Eskisehir City Hospital between October 2020 and May 2021. A personal information form, the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale and the Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus were used to collect data. The SAS 9.4 software package was used for the statistical analysis. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman correlation analysis. It was determined that 62.4% of the patients with T2DM participating in the study were female, the mean age was 56.7 ± 9.1 years, 50.6% were primary school graduates, 31% used oral antidiabetic medications, and 58.7% used insulin together with oral antidiabetic drugs. The mean score of participants on the total Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale was 75.1 ± 11.5, and the level of negative perceptions towards insulin use was found to be high. The participants' mean score on the total Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus was 3.9 ± 0.8, and it was found that they had high levels of risk perceptions of diabetes complications. There was a moderate, statistically significant negative correlation between the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale and the Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus. Patients with perceptions of a lower risk for diabetes complications had more negative attitudes towards insulin therapy. It is recommended to determine the risk perceptions of patients with T2DM and to plan appropriate nursing interventions that can increase their positive perceptions and change their negative perceptions so that they can make healthy behaviour changes. Additionally, it is recommended that patients with T2DM should be supported and the number of studies in this field should be increased. The effective management of diabetes requires cooperation between patients with T2DM and health professionals. Nurses should perform a constant evaluation and follow-up to address patients' knowledge, perception and actual health behaviours and to guide a culturally and gender-sensitive care plan. For individualised care plans that provide appropriate support and counselling, it is necessary to constantly assess risk factors and barriers to preventive health behaviours and perceptions. Patients with T2DM contributed their data to the study.

The study of nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management and control in emergency departments

BackgroundGiven the importance and pivotal role of nurses in pain management and control, this study was conducted to determine the nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward in emergency departments.MethodsThis study was designed and conducted as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Nurses’ attitude and knowledge towards pain management and control and relationship between their demographic characteristics have been assessed. Nurse Attitude Survey (NAS) and Pain management and control principles assessment Test (PMPAT) questionnaires were used.ResultsTotally 400 volunteers, including 148 (37.2%) male and 250 (62.8%) female nurses recruited from 23 hospitals in East Azerbaijan, Iran, with a mean age of 30.88 years (± 6.04 SD) and age range between 22 and 53 years old. The crude mean score of participants’ knowledge of pain management and control was 12.51 (± 2.77 SD), and standardized mean score was 40.34 (± 8.92 SD), which was low at 84.8% and moderate in 15.3% of the participants. Older nurses and nurses who previously participated in pain retraining courses had significantly less knowledge about pain management and control (r= -0.104, P = 0.038), and (r= -0.148, P = 0.003) respectively. The crude mean score of participants’ attitudes toward pain control and management was 15.22 (± 2.56 SD), and standardized mean score was 60.87 (± 10.26 SD). Nurses’ attitudes have become more negative with the increase of their work experience (r = -0.168, P = 0.001), and previously participation in pain retraining courses (r =-0.207, P < 0.001). Older nurses and highly educated nurses had significantly more negative attitudes towards pain control and management (r = -0.153, P = 0.002), and (r= -0.126, P = 0.005), respectively.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that pain management and control knowledge in most emergency nurses was low, and most of them had a moderate attitude. We need more scientific and comprehensive pain management and control training courses to improve knowledge and attitude among health workers and nurses.

Attitudes Toward Rational Drug Use and Medication Self-management Among Parents of Children with Epilepsy

Background: Epileptic seizures are controlled with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The purpose of using AEDs is to prevent seizures by maintaining the effective dose of one or more AEDs. Using a medication according to its prescription involving dosage and dosing times is expressed as medication adherence. Objectives: This study was performed to assess medication self-management and attitudes toward rational drug use among parents of children with epilepsy. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional design was used in this study. The data were collected using a data collection form, the Parental Attitude Scale for Rational Drug Use (PASRDU), and the Turkish Pediatric Epilepsy Medication Self-management Questionnaire (PEMSQ-TR). Results: The mean scores of participants (n = 192) on the PASRDU were 156.02 (standard deviation [SD] = 9.86), 133.02 (SD = 7.74), and 23 (SD = 7.58) on the total scale, accurate and conscious use subdimension, and effective and safe use subdimension, respectively. The mean scores of participants on the PEMSQ-TR were 81.38 (SD = 7.13), 42.4 (SD = 6.32), 24.3 (SD = 1.6), 11.36 (SD = 4.35), and 3.32 (SD = 1.94) on the total scale, information about epilepsy and treatment subdimension, adherence to treatment and clinic appointments subdimension, treatment-related obstacles subdimension, and treatment and social life subdimension, respectively. Parents’ educational status (F = 0.01, P &lt; 0.05), child’s age at first seizure (U = 0.026, P &lt; 0.05), frequency of seizure (U = 0.043, P &lt; 0.05), age of the child (χ2 = 0.002, P &lt; 0.05), and parents’ age (F = 0.036, P &lt; 0.05) had a significant effect on the total and subscale scores of the PASRDU and PEMSQ-TR. Conclusions: This study showed that although parents of children with epilepsy had positive attitudes toward rational drug use, their epilepsy medication self-management was relatively poor. The improvement of the understanding of medication self-management can ultimately increase adherence, which will affect the clinical outcomes and quality of life in children with epilepsy.

The COVID-19 pandemic: knowledge, attitudes and practices of coronavirus (COVID-19) among patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundIt is necessary to evaluate COVID-19 data on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) to confirm effective protective practice and to reduce risk in society. Hence, the study was carried out to determine KAP towards COVID-19 and the factors associated with knowledge and practices among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsIn this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, 357 patients with diabetes in Izeh participated in the study. The sampling method used was convenience sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of demographic information and KAP of patients with T2D in relation to the new coronavirus. The validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed using the content validity and test–retest. Data analysis was done in Stata.14.2 and Smartpls 3.2.8 using descriptive and analytical statistical tests.ResultsThe mean score of participants' KAP towards Covid-19 was 74.22 (16.30), 72.88 (14.87), and 70.51 (19.70), respectively. The lowest and the highest score of the patients' knowledge was in the field of transmission (56.60 (20.96)) and care and prevention of the COVID-19 (88.58 (21.88)), respectively. Residence was the most important factor predicting the practice of diabetic patients with an explanatory coefficient ([SMD 1.08 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.30), P < 0.001] and R2 = 0.87%).ConclusionDespite the good level of KAP of people towards the COVID-19 disease, there were answers showing poor knowledge, incorrect beliefs and attitudes, and insufficient practice regarding different aspects of the COVID-19 in some cases in our study. Residence was a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients’ practice in terms of protective behaviors against Covid-19. Hence, educational needs evaluation based on residence is recommended, especially in rural T2DM patients.

Apparent Lack of Benefit of Combining Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for the Treatment of Resistant Depression: Patient-Centered Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is considered one of the major clinical challenges in the field of psychiatry. An estimated 44% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to two consecutive antidepressant therapies, and 33% do not respond to up to four antidepressants. Over 15% of all patients with MDD remain refractory to any treatment intervention. rTMS is considered a treatment option for patients with TRD. Likewise, iCBT is evidence-based, symptom-focused psychotherapy recommended for the treatment of TRD. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the initial comparative clinical effectiveness of rTMS treatment with and without iCBT as an innovative intervention for the treatment of participants diagnosed with TRD. Methods: This study is a prospective two-arm randomized controlled trial. Overall, 78 participants diagnosed with TRD were randomized to one of two treatment interventions: rTMS sessions alone and rTMS sessions plus iCBT. Participants in each group were made to complete evaluation measures at baseline, and 6 weeks (discharge) from treatment. The primary outcome measure was baseline to six weeks change in mean score for the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17). Secondary outcomes included mean baseline to six-week changes in the Columbia suicide severity rating scale (CSSRS) for the rate of suicidal ideations, the QIDS-SR16 for subjective depression, and the EQ-5D-5L to assess the quality of health in participants. Results: A majority of the participants were females 50 (64.1%), aged ≥ 40 39 (50.0%), and had college/university education 54 (73.0%). After adjusting for the baseline scores, the study failed to find a significant difference in the changes in mean scores for participants from baseline to six weeks between the two interventions under study on the HAMD-17 scale: F (1, 53) = 0.15, p = 0.70, partial eta squared = 0.003, CSSRS; F (1, 56) = 0.04 p = 0.85, partial eta squared = 0.001, QIDS-SR16 scale; F (1, 53) = 0.04 p = 0.61, partial eta squared = 0.005, and EQ-5D-VAS; F (1, 51) = 0.46 p = 0.50, and partial eta squared = 0.009. However, there was a significant reduction in means scores at week six compared to baseline scores for the combined study population on the HAMD-17 scale (42%), CSSRS (41%), QIDS-SR16 scale (35%), and EQ-VAS scale (62%). Conclusion: This study did not find that combined treatment of TRD with rTMS + iCBT (unguided) was superior to treatment with rTMS alone. Our findings do not support the use of combined treatment of rTMS + iCBT for the management of TRD disorders.

Public Perception of the Risk of Heart Disease and Their Willingness to Pay for Its Diagnosis in Malaysia

In Malaysia, heart disease is a major non-communicable disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Individuals need to understand the risk factors of heart disease, including health-related behaviors. This study was done to determine the perceived risks of heart disease and to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for its diagnosis. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of mean differences among the other demographic variables, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to determine the differences between groups. The Spearman Rho test was employed to determine the correlations between participants’ perceived heart disease risk and their WTP for its diagnosis. The Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale (PRHDS) mean score of participants with a family history of heart diseases (25.32 ± 2.81; n = 556) was significantly higher than those who did not have such a family history (22.14 ± 3.42; n = 761; p = 0.04). The participants with a family history of heart disease showed a greater WTP for diagnostic tests compared with those without a family history. The participants who were ready to spend within the range of Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 1-RM1000 were willing to pay for diagnostic testing of heart diseases based on their family history and socioeconomic background. This study demonstrated a higher perception of the risk of heart disease in people with a family history of heart disease, who also demonstrated a greater WTP for diagnostic tests. Individuals ready to spend up to RM 1000 were willing to pay for diagnostic testing for heart diseases. The individuals with a family history of heart disease perceived a higher risk of heart disease and were willing to pay to improve life expectancy per year. Hence, the information on family history can be used as a tool for the holistic approach to educate individuals on their risk factors for heart disease and encourage them to do early screening for cardiovascular diseases.

Effectiveness of Online Training on the Knowledge of Selected Childhood Mental Health Disorders among Teachers in Kaduna, NW Nigeria

ABSTRACT Background: There exists a wide treatment gap for mental health problems in children and adolescents in Nigeria. Reducing the treatment gap and improving the reach of mental health care thus call for additional interventions such as harnessing teachers as well as other educational staff as a task-sharing strategy. This study thus aimed to determine the effectiveness of online-based training on the knowledge of selected childhood mental health disorders among teachers in Kaduna, North-Western Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used and involved 50 teachers from 12 private and 12 public primary and secondary schools in Kaduna, Kaduna state. Participants were trained through the Zoom online medium, and training ran for three days in 2 sessions of morning and afternoon sessions per day. Each session lasted for 2 hours including time for questions with 2 hours break between sessions. Learning sessions were adapted from the Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG).Other materials that were not in the mhGAP-IG such as Covid-19 and its impact on child mental health were designed from current, evidence-based reference texts. For the outcome measures, questionnaires on the level of knowledge were administered to participants at pre-training and post-training. Data were analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Results: Participants had an overall percentage score of 70.24% on the “Correct” responses, 8% on the “Don’t Know” responses, and 17.76% on the “Incorrect” responses before the training. The online training demonstrated an increase in the overall percentage score on the “Correct Responses” to 79.76%; a decrease in the “Don’t Know Responses” to 1% and the “Incorrect Responses” to 15.24%. There was also an improvement in the mean scores of participants on each module covered. Conclusion: The online teacher training demonstrated an increase in the knowledge of participants, and a decrease in the misperceptions and lack of knowledge which is consistent with findings from other parts of the world.

Impact Evaluation of a Resident-Driven Research Training Workshop in Idaho: A Feasibility Study.

Engagement in research activities is a critical component of clinical residency training. It is vital to build research capacity of residents to help interpret evidence-based medicine and design quality improvement projects. A mixed methods study was conducted to assess the impact of a 1-day research training workshop conducted at Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Centre, Idaho in May 2022. The workshop was targeted to improve the research knowledge of current clinical residents of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine. Workshop comprised of expert presentations, with assessment of difference in knowledge with a pretest and post-test. The sessions were organized around the core competencies of Institute of Medicine. Suggestions were also gathered from the audience. A pretest and post-test based on 13 questions was administered to the participants to assess change in research-related knowledge. Comments and suggestions of the participants were also recorded. Wilcoxon rank test was applied to determine statistical difference across each question and cumulative knowledge score. Conventional content analysis was applied to explore the comments and feedback. The mean score of participants improved across all 12 questions. Statistically significant results were observed for the questions about types of studies qualifying as qualitative research. The cumulative score of participants increased in the post-test from 8.57 to 9.35. The participants gained new knowledge (94.3%), and felt more comfortable in application of research methods (74.3%). Encouraging feedback was obtained from the audience. They stated that they had benefited from the workshop and felt more prepared and motivated to indulge in scholarly activities. The study shows improvement in research-related knowledge of clinical residents attending a 1-day training workshop. We recommend inclusion of such workshops in the curriculum of residents for skill building and enhanced indulgence in research activities in order to prepare them as future leaders in quality improvement, health policy, and hospital administration.

Attitudes of Forensic Cases Towards Violence Against Women and Affecting Factors

Objective: This study aims to determine the attitudes of forensic cases who applied to Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine Department of Forensic Medicine towards violence against women and to investigate the variables affecting those attitudes.&#x0D; Method: 152 participants in the research filled questionnaire consisting of 45 questions, the sociodemographic characteristics of the cases, the state of being subjected to violence, and the ISKEBE Violence against Women Attitude Scale.&#x0D; Result: When ISKEBE scale mean scores of participants were examined, total score and score of the subscale related to attitudes towards the identity were found to be higher in females. The total score and both subscales were found higher for participants who were single, those living in city center, and those whom both they and their spouse had an education level of high school or above. Those who did not have children were found higher total score and score of the subscale regarding the attitudes towards the body.&#x0D; Conclusion: Results obtained in our study, in which the attitudes of forensic cases who have experienced a traumatic process related to violence against women and affecting factors were examined, were generally similar to the studies evaluating other groups in the society. We are of the opinion that implementing education policies that are prepared taking into account the society gender roles, especially the sexist and patriarchal attitudes of men towards women, and that cover all segments of the society, would be important to change attitudes related to violence against women.

Webinar “Mengenal Lebih Dekat Kekerasan pada Anak” Berhasil Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Masyarakat mengenai Kekerasan pada Anak

Incidents of child abuse increase every year, including cases in West Sumatra. Violence experienced by children can cause physical disorders, impairment in cognitive, emotional, and social development, and discrimination in the social environment. The government has set rules regarding the protection of children against violence. Still, not all people know the forms of child abuse, their impact on children, and how to report child abuse cases. Therefore, we held a webinar, "Knowing more about child abuse," to educate people. One hundred three participants from various backgrounds attended this activity, but only 90 completed the pre-test and post-test questionnaires. Based on paired T-test, there was a significant increase in the mean score of participants' knowledge about emotional violence, sexual violence, and neglect/abandonment after the webinar (p&lt;0.05). In addition, there was also an increase in the mean score of participants' knowledge about physical violence, although it was not statistically significant (p=0.103). In conclusion, education in webinars can increase public knowledge about child abuse.&#x0D;

Effects of tele-education given based on the health belief model on mode of delivery tendencies in pregnant women

ABSTRACT Background Cesarean sections, which have a high risk of maternal and neonatal complications and increase health expenditures, have become a global problem. Hence, it is extremely important to encourage women to have normal deliveries. Objective This study was conducted to determine the effects of tele-education given to nulliparous pregnant women based on the health belief model (HBM) on their normal delivery beliefs and tendencies. Methods This randomized-controlled study was conducted with 149 nulliparous pregnant women. Participants in the experimental group received a tele-education programme in 8 sessions prepared in line with the health belief model regarding normal delivery for 15 days. The data was collected by using the “Pregnancy Information Form” and “Belief Scale for Normal Delivery (BSND)”. Results After the tele-education programme, the post-test BSND mean score was 89.90±14.10 in the experimental group and 78.80±12.65 in the control group, where the difference between them was significant (p < 0.01). Additionally, the post-test mean scores of participants in the experimental group in all BSND's subdimensions were significantly higher than those of the women in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The tele-education given in line with the HBM increased the belief and tendency levels of the nulliparous pregnant women towards normal delivery.

Factors associated with self-management after hybrid revascularization in patients with peripheral artery disease: A structural equations model.

To investigate the factors associated with self-management after hybrid revascularization in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease using a structural equation modelling approach. A cross-sectional study was adopted. A total of 221 patients who underwent hybrid revascularization for peripheral artery disease of the lower limbs were included from outpatient clinics at a 1200-bed tertiary care hospital in Korea. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire between December 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the hypothetical model. The item mean score of participants' self-management was 6.28 (standard deviation, 0.83) out of 8. The structural equation modelling had a good fit index. Autonomy support from healthcare providers was directly associated with self-management (β=0.20, p=0.041). Illness perception directly (β=-0.33, p=0.031) and indirectly (β=-0.19, p=0.032) influenced self-management through competence and relatedness in patients with peripheral artery disease. The construct of autonomy support from healthcare providers, illness perception, competence and relatedness accounted for 49% of the variance in self-management. The Sobel test confirmed the statistically significant mediating effects of competence (z=-4.52, p < 0.001) and relatedness (z=-2.12, p < 0.001) on the relationship between illness perception and self-management. Our findings revealed that autonomy support from healthcare providers and patients' illness perception directly influenced patients' self-management. Additionally, patients' illness perception can indirectly influence self-management through their perceived competence and relatedness. Healthcare providers' autonomy support to patients may promote self-care behaviours, leading to greater autonomous motivation. Assessment of patients' illness perception before patient education is vital to designing effective self-management strategies which can improve patients' perceived competency and meaningful relatedness with healthcare providers.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian nurses in COVID-19 care wards

BackgroundNurses are at the frontline of care provision to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The high communicability of COVID-19, high levels of stress associated with the disease, and challenges of care provision to afflicted patients faced nurses in Iran with problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The aim of the study was to assess depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian nurses who provided care to patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020–2021. Participants were 468 nurses purposively selected from university hospitals in Iran. They completed two online instruments, namely a demographic questionnaire and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 23.0).ResultsMost participants were female (75.9%) and married (73.4%) and held bachelor’s degree (88%). The means of participants’ age and work experience were 33.59 ± 6.40 years and 10.26 ± 6.61 years, respectively. The mean scores and the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 13.56 ± 5.37 and 74.1%, 13.21 ± 4.90 and 89.7%, and 15.13 ± 4.76 and 54.9%, respectively. The prevalence rates of moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.7%, 73%, and 24%, respectively. The mean scores of participants’ depression, anxiety, and stress had significant relationship with their employment status (p < 0.05). Besides, the mean scores of their anxiety had significant relationship with their educational level, employment status, and work shift (p < 0.05).ConclusionMost nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19 suffer from depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychological support services may be needed for nurses in order to protect and promote their mental health.

Investigating the burden of disease dimensions (time-dependent, developmental, physical, social and emotional) among family caregivers with COVID-19 patients in Iran

BackgroundThe caregivers of patients with covid-19 face constant responsibilities such as providing personal, health, and social care to family, which can be physically, and emotionally exhausting resulting in a considerable stress burden. Therefore, given the importance of the subject, this study aimed to investigate the burden of disease dimensions (time-dependent, developmental, physical, social and emotional) among family caregivers with covid-19 patients in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted one year after the onset of the Covid-19 outbreak in Iran. Family caregivers of Covid-19 patients discharged from the hospitals in Kerman city, Iran, were chosen by simple randomization (n = 1500). Data were collected utilizing a demographic characteristics inventory created by the researcher as well as the Novak and Guest Caregiver Burden Inventory. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviations, frequency, and percentages and analytical statistics such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, T-test, ANOVA, and Multivariate Linear Regression were used for data analysis using the 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL Software at the level of P < 0.05.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the mean score of family caregiver burden was 2.61±0.6 and the severity of this burden was in a moderate range. The finding showed a statistical difference was seen between the family caregiver burden mean score of participants in terms of gender, duration of treatment, age and employed status. The multivariable linear regression model showed demographic variables of caregivers included (female, married, employed, elderly, low income and poor education) had a beneficial influence on family caregiver burden.ConclusionThe findings of this study can increase the awareness of health managers, about the level of burden of disease among family caregivers from the covid-19 patients and can help to provide economic, social and psychological support programs for improvement and reducing the burden of disease of caregivers during the covid-19 outbreaks.

COVID-19 Pandemisinde Adölesan ve Genç Erişkinlerin Beslenme Egzersiz Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the nutrition exercise behaviors of adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire between 30 December 2020 and 30 January 2021. In the study, 1173 subjects aged 13-24 years participated. Data were collected by a descriptive features form, which consists of two modules evaluating sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional exercise behavior, and Nutrition Exercise Behavior Scale.Results: Of the participants, 34.5% were adolescents and 65.5% were young adults. In addition to gaining more weight in women aged 19-25, it was reported that there was an increase in the number of harmful snacks and fast food consumed daily. Most of the participants stated that they did less than 30 minutes of physical activity. Height, weight, and BMI mean score of participants during the COVID-19 increased when compared with the mean score obtained before the pandemic (Z=−14.20; Z=−14.43; Z=−12.00, p &amp;lt;0.05). The mean total Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale score was 146.46±20.25 (Min:79, Max:205). It was determined that Body Mass Index, leisure screen time, and screen time during the pandemic were associated with Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (p &amp;lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The study highlights that confinement may affect nutrition-exercise behaviors of both adolescents and young adults.

Resilience and its relationship with occupational stress and professional quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess resilience and its relationship with occupational stress (OS) and PQOL among nurses in COVID-19 isolation wards. This is a descriptive-analytical research design involving 158 frontline nurses in the Iran. Four standardized scales were used for data collection. The total mean scores of resilience and OS were 26.19 ± 6.2 and 73.3 ± 14.5, respectively. The mean scores of participants’ resilience and OS had no significant relationship with their demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Resilience had significant negative relationship with OS (r = – 0.376, P < 0.001) and significant positive relationship with the compassion satisfaction dimension of PQOL (r = 0.373; P < 0.001). Resilience was also a significant predictor of OS and the compassion satisfaction dimension of PQOL (P < 0.001). Nurses’ OS can be reduced through resilience-promoting strategies such as development of their social support network, improvement of their optimism, and provision of resilient role models and quality resilience-related education.

Educational intervention to enhance the knowledge of Ghanaian health workers on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) pose a major public health challenge in older adults. In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of ADRD is projected to escalate amidst ill-equipped healthcare workers (HCWs).AimThis study aimed to assess ADRD knowledge amongst Ghanaian HCWs and improve gaps identified through a workshop.SettingStudy was conducted among HCWs attending a workshop in Kumasi, Ghana.MethodsOn 18 August 2021, a workshop on ADRD was organised in Kumasi, Ghana, which was attended by 49 HCWs comprising doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers and nutritionists. On arrival, they answered 30 pre-test questions using the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). A post-test using the same questionnaire was conducted after participants had been exposed to a 4-h in-person educational content on ADRD delivered by facilitators from family medicine, neurology, geriatrics, psychiatry and public health.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 34.6 (± 6.82), mean years of practice was 7.7 (± 5.6) and 38.8% (n = 19) were nurses. The mean score of participants’ overall knowledge was 19.8 (± 4.3) at pre-test and 23.2 (± 4.0) at post-test. Participants’ pre-test and post-test scores improved in all ADKS domains. Factors associated with participants’ knowledge at baseline were profession, professional rank and the highest level of education attained. After adjusting for age and sex, participant’s rank, being a specialist (adjusted β = 14.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.03, 21.85; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease.ConclusionExisting knowledge gaps in ADRD could be improved via continuous medical education interventions of HCWs to prepare healthcare systems in Africa for the predicted ADRD epidemic.

Healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice respecting health literacy

Background and aims: Health literacy (HL) is a factor with significant impact on the quality of communication between healthcare providers and clients and the outcomes of healthcare services. The aim of the study was to evaluate healthcare providers’ HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were all eligible healthcare providers in all eleven urban healthcare centers in Shahrekord, Iran. A demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire were used for data collection and the SPSS software (v. 18.0) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores of participants’ HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice were 39.62±14.23, 37.54±16.56, and 56.54±19.19, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean scores of HL-related attitude and practice (P=0.001). Conclusion: Healthcare providers may have poor HL-related knowledge and attitude and moderate HL-related practice. Therefore, in-service educational programs are recommended to improve their HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Introductory Disaster Training for Aspiring Teachers: A Pilot Study

Schools may serve as shelters after a disaster in many countries, including Japan. However, teachers are unaware of the need to balance education and shelter management responsibilities under such circumstances. To promote teachers’ awareness of the post-disaster school situation, this study developed an introductory training for aspiring teachers and investigated its effectiveness. A total of 143 students aspiring to become teachers participated in this simulative training and answered pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. The participants’ vocabulary and word usage were also evaluated. The mean participant scores for the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains increased significantly after the training compared with the pre-training scores. The training was also associated with the aggregation of word usage, which may facilitate communication with representatives of multiple occupations. The findings indicate that a developed training may help aspiring teachers better understand their responsibilities after a disaster and prepare them for such situations.

General knowledge and Attitudes Toward Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and chronic disease of the central nervous system. Lack of knowledge about the disease and its symptoms may delay early diagnosis and control of the disease. The present study aimed to investigate the general knowledge and attitude towards multiple sclerosis in Isfahan.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study conducted in 2021 in Isfahan. A researcher-made questionnaire with 22 questions was created and distributed online through social networks. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS software (v.24).&#x0D; Results: A total number of 480 people participated in this study. The mean scores of knowledge and attitude were 4.77±1.86 and 54±6.24, respectively. T-test results indicated that there is a significant difference between participants' knowledge and attitude scores in terms of gender and history of multiple sclerosis in those around them. Analysis of variance results also showed that there is a significant difference in the mean scores of participants' knowledge and attitude according to their education level and job status. But there was no difference in the participants' attitudes toward multiple sclerosis and patients with multiple sclerosis according to their marital status.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the present study findings, participants' knowledge about multiple sclerosis was moderate. Therefore, Measures must be taken in order to increase the public awareness through the mass media and health centers. It can help to early diagnose and control of the disease and correcting the people's misconceptions about patients with multiple sclerosis.