Mean Red Blood Cell Research Articles

Comparison of mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) between psoriasis patients and controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The predictive role of hematological indexes of mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) has been demonstrated in cardiovascular disease concomitant with psoriasis. This meta-analysis is intended to assess whether MPV and RDW can also serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease severity assessment of psoriasis. 13 studies which enrolled 1331 psoriasis patients and 919 healthy volunteers were included after screening the search results from PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library since inception to Mar 14, 2020. MPV of psoriasis participants and their counterparts was assessed in 10 studies, and RDW was evaluated in 4 studies, while the disease severity was measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) in 11 studies. Random-effect model analysis was applied to calculate pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Associations of MPV and RDW with the presence of psoriasis were demonstrated (MPV: SMD = 0.503, 95% CI: 0.242-0.765; RDW: SMD = 0.522, 95% CI: 0.228-0.817), but no statistically significant correlation of MPV and disease severity of psoriasis was found in meta-regression analysis (p = 0.208). Subgroup analysis revealed that the diagnosis value of MPV and RDW was consistent regardless of PASI and study type. Heterogeneity analysis between studies was implemented by chi-squared test and I2 statistics. Begg's and Egger's test were utilized for the evaluation of publication bias. The sensitivity analysis revealed no significant alteration no matter which study was excluded. MPV and RDW could serve as promising predictive diagnostic biomarkers of psoriasis.

Ambient particulate air pollution, blood cell parameters, and effect modification by psychosocial stress: Findings from two studies in three major Chinese cities

The associations between particulate matter (PM) exposure, psychosocial stress and blood cell parameters are bringing novel insights to characterize the early damage of multiple diseases. Based on two studies conducted in three Chinses cities using cross-sectional (Beijing, 425 participants) and panel study (Tianjin and Shanghai, 92 participants with 361 repeated measurements) designs, this study explored the associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM and blood cell parameters, and the effect modification by psychosocial stress. Increasing PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with decreases in red blood cell (RBC) count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and increases in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets count (PLT) and platelet hematocrit (PCT) in both studies. For instance, a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 1.04% (95%CI: 0.16%, 1.92%) increase in PLT (4-d) and a 1.09% (95%CI: 0.31%, 1.87%) increase in PCT (4-d) in the cross-sectional study, and a 0.64% (95%CI: 0.06%, 1.22%) increase in PLT (1-d) and a 0.72% (95%CI: 0.33%, 1.11%) increase in PCT (1-d) in the panel study, respectively. In addition, stronger increases in MCV, PLT, and PCT associated with PM2.5 exposure were found in higher psychosocial stress group compared to lower psychosocial stress group (p for interaction <0.10), indicating that blood cell parameters of individuals with higher psychosocial stress might be more susceptible to the early damages of PM2.5 exposure.

Study of the incidence of hyperuricemia in young males’ population with rapid entry into the plateau of 4 500m

Abstract Objective To study the incidence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in young males who rapid entered into the plateau of 4 500 m. Methods The study contained 390 males aged 18–35 years (21.6 ± 2.5 years), who rapidly entered the plateau with an altitude of 4 500 m. According to their basic level of uric acid (UA), they were divided into two groups, high uric acid (HUA) group and normal uric acid (NUA) group. The characteristics and physiological index, such as the body weight and the height, of them were recorded. For the test of the biochemical indicators, the venous blood samples were collected at the altitude of 4 500 m in the morning. The count of blood cells, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IDBIL) were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of hyperuricemia was 65.1% (254/390) at 4 500 m. At the altitude of 4 500 m, the mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of red blood cells in the HUA group was significantly lower than that in the NUA group. Hemoglobin (HGB), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), TBIL, IDBIL, BUN, SCR and LDH in the HUA group were significantly higher than those in the NUA group, though without statistically significant differences in the other variables. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed at the altitude of 4 500 m, the risk of HUA increased by 0.982, 1.038 and 1.045 times when MCHC decreased by one unit and TBIL and SCR increased by one unit, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of hyperuricemia was high of 65.1% rush entry into the plateau of young male. Decreased MCHC and elevated TBIL and SCR were independent risk factors for hyperuricemia when rapid enter into 4 500 m.

Changes in Serum N-Glycome for Risk Drinkers: A Comparison with Standard Markers for Alcohol Abuse in Men and Women.

Background and aim: Glycomic alterations serve as biomarker tools for different diseases. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic capability of serum N-glycosylation to identify alcohol risk drinking in comparison with standard markers. Methods: We included 1516 adult individuals (age range 18–91 years; 55.3% women), randomly selected from a general population. A total of 143 (21.0%) men and 50 (5.9%) women were classified as risk drinkers after quantification of daily alcohol consumption and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UPLC) was used for the quantification of 46 serum N-glycan peaks. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), and red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured by standard clinical laboratory methods. Results: Variations in serum N-glycome associated risk drinking were more prominent in men compared to women. A unique combination of N-glycan peaks selected by the selbal algorithm shows good discrimination between risk-drinkers and non-risk drinkers for men and women. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves show accuracy for the diagnosis of risk drinking, which is comparable to that of the golden standards, GGT, MCV and CDT markers for men and women. Additionally, the inclusion of N-glycan peaks improves the diagnostic accuracy of the standard markers, although it remains relatively low, due to low sensitivity. For men, the area under the ROC curve using N-glycome data is 0.75, 0.76, and 0.77 when combined with GGT, MCV, and CDT, respectively. In women, the areas were 0.76, 0.73, and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: Risk drinking is associated with significant variations in the serum N-glycome, which highlights its potential diagnostic utility.

Establishment and Validation of a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Nomogram to Identify Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis.

BackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common and life-threatening infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC), and it is accompanied with high mortality and morbidity. However, early diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is not possible because of the lack of typical symptoms or the low patient compliance and positivity rate of the ascites puncture test. We aimed to establish and validate a non-invasive diagnostic nomogram to identify SBP in patients with DC.MethodData were collected from 4,607 patients with DC from July 2015 to December 2019 in two tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China (A and B). Patients with DC were divided into the SBP group (995 cases) and the non-SBP group (3,612 cases) depending on whether the patients had SBP during hospitalization. About 70% (2,685 cases) of patients in hospital A were randomly selected as the traindata, and the remaining 30% (1,152 cases) were used as the internal validation set. Patients in hospital B (770 cases) were used as the external validation set. The univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to screen variables, and logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors to construct a nomogram to identify patients with SBP. Area under curve (AUC), calibration curve, and dynamic component analysis (DCA) were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the nomogram.ResultThe nomogram was composed of seven variables, namely, mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (odds ratio [OR] = 1.010, 95% CI: 1.004–1.016), prothrombin time (OR = 1.038, 95% CI: 1.015–1.063), lymphocyte percentage (OR = 0.955, 95% CI: 0.943–0.967), prealbumin (OR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.987–0.993), total bilirubin (OR = 1.003 95% CI: 1.002–1.004), abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR = 1.395, 95% CI: 1.107–1.755), and abnormal procalcitonin levels (OR = 1.975 95% CI: 1.522–2.556). Good discrimination of the model was observed in the internal and external validation sets (AUC = 0.800 and 0.745, respectively). The calibration curve result indicated that the nomogram was well-calibrated. The DCA curve of the nomogram presented good clinical application ability.ConclusionThis study identified the independent risk factors of SBP in patients with DC and used them to construct a nomogram, which may provide clinical reference information for the diagnosis of SBP in patients with DC.

Elevated international normalized ratio is correlated with large volume transfusion in pediatric trauma patients

BackgroundPediatric trauma patients may benefit from a balanced transfusion strategy, however, determining when to activate massive transfusion protocols remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore whether certain scoring systems can predict the need for large volume transfusion. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of pediatric trauma patients who presented to our center and required a transfusion of packed red blood cells. Baseline laboratory and clinical data were used to calculate Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage (TASH) score and a previously reported composite of acidosis and coagulopathy. ResultsWe identified 518 pediatric trauma patients who presented to our center between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018. These patients were less than 18 years of age (mean 9.6 years) and had an injury severity score ranging from 1 to 50 (mean 11.3). Forty-three patients (8.3%) received a transfusion within 24 hours of presentation, ranging from 4 to 139 mL/kg of packed red blood cells (mean 23.1 mL/kg). Transfusion volume was associated with acidosis and coagulopathy scores (r = 0.37, p = 0.033) and international normalized ratio (INR) (r = 0.34, p = 0.03) but not TASH (p = 0.72). Patients with INR≥1.3 received a higher mean volume of packed red cells compared to those with normal values (34 versus 18 mL/kg, p = 0.046). ConclusionPediatric trauma patients who undergo transfusion of packed red blood cells are likely to require large volume transfusion if their baseline INR is ≥1.3. These patients may benefit from a balanced transfusion strategy, such as utilization of massive transfusion protocols or whole blood.

Identification of Theileria spp. and investigation of hematological profiles of their infections in goats in Hainan Island, China.

Theileria spp. are a group of parasites primarily transmitted by ticks and can pose a significant threat to domestic and wild animals globally. The main objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of Theileria spp. in goats of Hainan Island/province, which is the only tropical region of China, and to study their hematological profiles in naturally infected goats. A total of 464 blood samples were collected from randomly selected local adult goats (Capra hircus, local domestic breed with black hair), from six cities and eight counties of Hainan, from November 2017 to October 2020. Blood smear microscopy of the sample and a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene combined with DNA sequencing were used to detect piroplasm infections in goats. Data analysis of the obtained sequences revealed that all the sequences were highly similar to the Theileria luwenshuni 18S rRNA gene sequence from the database. This result is consistent with the microscopic examination. In the hematological test, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of the goats naturally infected with T. luwenshuni significantly increased, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were significantly decreased. Results showed that T. luwenshuni could cause macrocytic, hypochromic anemia in goats. This study provides reliable and comprehensive information about the epidemiology of the parasite infections and hematological profile of the infected goats in Hainan, which encourages further investigations to develop practical control strategies for Theileria spp. infections in tropical areas.

Assessment of pre and post donation changes in hematological parameters and serum calcium and magnesium levels in plateletpheresis donors.

Background:Single donor platelet products are preferred over random donor platelet products due to several advantages. However, safety issues with regard to post procedure hematological decrements and serum calcium and magnesium levels in donors undergoing plateletpheresis have been explored minimally.Aims:This prospective study was done to analyze the effects of plateletpheresis on donor’s hematological parameters and serum calcium and magnesium levels.Settings and Design:It is a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in the department of immunohematology and blood transfusion.Material and Methods:This study was undertaken on 150 healthy plateletpheresis donors over a period of 1 year. Blood samples were collected from each donor before and after the procedure, one in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vial for estimation of hematological parameters and another in plain vial for serum calcium and magnesium levels.Statistical Analysis Used:Paired t-test was used to analyze the data.Results:This study included donors in the age group of 18 to 60 years who underwent plateletpheresis on Haemonetics model of a machine (MCS) + intermittent flow cell separator. A statistically significant increase was observed in mean post procedural Hb (0.95%), Hct (0.7%), and red blood cell (RBC) count (1.3%). There was a decrease in mean post procedural platelet count (27.5%), white blood cell (WBC) count (4.02%), mean serum calcium (1.5%), and serum magnesium (5.1%), which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in post procedural mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW).Conclusion:Amid the need of increased demand for plateletpheresis, donor safety must be ensured. Failing to do so can be detrimental to blood supply chain, hence stringent programs for post donation screening of plateletpheresis donors need to be established.

The relationships between environmental parameters in livestock pen and physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows.

There has been an increase in temperature and the incidence of extreme weather events, such as heat wave, due to global warming, which has promoted the incidence of livestock diseases. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of changes in environmental parameters on livestock performance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ambient environmental conditions in livestock pen and the physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows. The results showed that there was a decrease in the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the cows with increasing pen temperature, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and temperature humidity index (THI). Additionally, high daily variation in temperature caused a decrease in the serum albumin levels of the cows. Moreover, the lowest serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were observed in November, and were negatively correlated with the 24-hr temperature, WBGT, and THI range of the pen prior to sampling. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between serum cortisol concentration and 24-hr WBGT range of the pen prior to samplings and packed cell volume. However, serum cortisol and total protein concentrations were negatively correlated. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that large variation in temperature induced stress in the cows, which could be overcome by increased water consumption and improved protein digestion and absorption by the animals, and the addition of minerals, such as calcium to the diet.

Ferric carboxymaltose for treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia caused by abnormal uterine bleeding.

Heavy menstrual bleeding leads to depletion of iron stores, with subsequent iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in treatment of ID/IDA caused by abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). One hundred and twenty women ≥ 40 years old with chronic AUB and ID/IDA were included in this study for correction of ID/IDA. Participants received FCM infusion for correction of ID/IDA. The pre-treatment ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and RBC mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values were compared with the 6- and 12-week post-treatment values. The pre-treatment ferritin and Hb levels significantly increased from 13.2 ±7.4 µg/l and 8.8 ±0.8 g/dl, respectively, to 111.5 ±5.6 µg/l and 13.9 ±0.6 g/dl, respectively, 6 weeks after FCM (p = 0.001 and 0.0009; respectively), and to 98.7 ±6.1 µg/l and 12.9 ±0.65 g/dl, respectively, 12 weeks after FCM (p = 0.01 and 0.01; respectively). In addition, the pre-treatment RBC MCV and RBC MCH values significantly increased from 74.3 ±2.3 fl and 26.6 ±5.3 pg, respectively, to 88.7 ±1.9 fl and 29.6 ±4.5 pg, respectively, 6 weeks after FCM (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), and to 93.3 ±1.75 fl and 30.3 ±3.8 pg, respectively, 12 weeks after FCM (p = 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively). FCM was safe and effective for correction of ID/IDA caused by chronic AUB within 6 weeks. The serum ferritin, Hb, and RBC indices remained significantly high compared to the pre-treatment values 12 weeks after FCM infusion.

Dimethyl Fumarate as the Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Mediators Inhibitor in Prevention of Streptozotocin-Induced Neuroinflammation in Aged Rats

PurposeIntracerebroventricular-(ICV)-streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced neuroinflammation is a model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compatible with the inflammation hypothesis of ageing (“inflammaging” state). Previously, we observed age-dependent (young vs aged) dimethyl fumarate (DMF)-induced anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain along with improvement in cognitive functions in rats with the ICV-STZ-induced model of AD. To evaluate whether DMF reduces neuroinflammation based on the peripheral inflammatory response inhibition, we determined peripheral inflammatory mediators in young and aged rats with the ICV-STZ-induced AD pathology following DMF therapy.Materials and MethodsYoung (4-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) rats were fed with 0.4% DMF rat chow for 21 consecutive days after ICV-STZ (3 mg/ventricle) injections. After behavioral testing, blood and spleens were collected to determine the numbers of leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes and their subpopulations, haematological parameters, the concanavalin (Con)-A-induced production and plasma concentration of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and corticosterone (COR).ResultsAge-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of the DMF treatment in rats with ICV-STZ injections manifested as decreased peripheral WBC and lymphocyte numbers, including TCD3+CD4+CD8−, TCD3+CD4−CD8+, B (CD45RA+) and NK (161a+), in aged rats. Furthermore, DMF lowered the blood and spleen lymphocyte production of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-6 in young and aged rats, whereas it enhanced the plasma level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and lymphocyte’s ability to produce it in aged rats only. In parallel to changes in peripheral WBC numbers in the model of AD, DMF decreased the red blood cell number, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and mean platelet volume in aged, but not young, rats. In contrast to controls, DMF did not influence the COR response in STZ groups.ConclusionBesides preventing neuroinflammation, DMF acts on the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance in the periphery and causes an anti-inflammatory shift in T lymphocytes which could contribute to DMF’s therapeutic effects in the ICV-STZ-induced model of AD, in particular, in aged rats.

Size and density measurements of single sickle red blood cells using microfluidic magnetic levitation.

Single cells have unique biophysical signatures that can rapidly change during various disease states. For instance, cellular density is an inherent property differing between cell types. Characterizing changes in fundamental density properties down to the single-cell level can reveal sub-populations in pathological states. Here, we have developed a microfluidic, magnetic levitation-based assay (MagDense) that detects minute density differences of individual red blood cells (RBCs) down to 0.0001 g mL-1 resolution. This assay fractionates RBCs based on their density profiles in a non-ionic paramagnetic medium flowing in a capillary microchannel placed between magnets with same poles facing each other. Based on precisely measured levitation height and density of individual RBCs at their specific equilibrium state, we demonstrated that MagDense can accurately analyze the density of sickle hemoglobin (HbS)-containing RBCs and normal hemoglobin (HbA)-containing RBCs. In addition, the precise density and cell size measurements at the single cell level showed three different sub-populations of RBCs in blood samples from individuals with homozygous sickle cell disease receiving blood transfusions; where less dense, HbA-containing RBCs levitated higher, while the denser, HbS-containing RBCs levitated lower. We compared the mean RBC densities of sickle cell disease subjects with healthy controls and found distinctly separated bands of RBC density for each group denoting the likely range of cell densities seen in the blood samples. The high resolution of our method enabled measurement of deviation from the mean RBC density. Moreover, we introduced a new term as a measure of density dispersion, "RBC levitational density width, RLDW". Mean RBC density in sickle cell disease associated with hemoglobin from complete blood count (p = 0.032, linear regression) and RLDW associated with absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) and RBC distribution width (RDW) from complete blood count (p = 0.002 for ARC and p = 003 for RDW, linear regression). Our magnetic levitation-based assay enables rapid, accurate, density-based imaging, profiling and label-free monitoring of single RBCs. Our approach can be broadly applicable to investigate blood cell disorders and the effects of emerging pharmacological and curative therapies in patient outcomes.

Correlation between helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency in children.

Objectives:To investigate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and Iron deficiency (ID) in children.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at Baoding Children’s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of one thousand children who came to our hospital for physical examination and met the inclusion criteria were continuously included in this study. All the children were given questionnaires (personal and family social and economic status), a stool Hp antigen test and/or a 13C-urea breath test, as well as measurements of hemoglobin (Hb), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Children who tested positive for Hp were divided into the Hp group and children who tested negative for Hp were divided into the control group. ID or IDA was diagnosed based on the child’s blood test results.Results:A total of 902 children met the inclusion criteria, including 194 (21.5%) in the Hp group and 708 (78.5%) in the control group. The incidence of ID and IDA in Hp group was higher than that in control group (2=9.112, 2=4.478; All P < 0.05); The levels of MCV, SI, SF and Hb in Hp group were lower than those in control group (t=5.288; T = 3.864; T = 6.751; T =11.841, all P < 0.05), TIBC level was higher than that of control group (T =7.630, P < 0.05); The levels of MCHC and RDW in THE Hp group were not statistically significant compared with the control group. Logistic regression showed that Hp infection was not a combined risk factor for ID. Older age, higher educational background of the mother, living in the city, and higher family income were the combined protective factors to prevent the occurrence of ID in children.Conclusion:Hp infection is not a combined risk factor for the development of ID in children. The influence of family social and economic factors should be taken into consideration when analyzing the correlation between Hp infection and ID.

Effect Exposure of Mobile Phone Radiation on Blood Parameters in Rats

The aim of the research was to assess effects of short and long-period exposure to radiation from mobile phone on blood indices in experimental rats. In this study forty mature female rats were used; the animals were divided into two experimental group, each group consists of twenty animals. Short-period group of rats were exposed to cell phone radiation for different duration 30 m, 60 m, and 90 m per day for six weeks. Long-period group of rats were exposed to radiation from mobile phone for different duration 2h, 4h, and 6h per day for three months. The study noticed that there was significant (P≥0.05) elevation in total white blood cells and the study demonstrated significant increment (P≥0.05) in percentage of lymphocytes (71.1%) of rats which exposed to radiation from mobile phone for short-period in (90 minutes) compared to the control group (42.64%). While, the study revealed that there was a significantly (P≥0.05) lower percentage of neutrophils (15.36%) in rats that were exposed to mobile phone radiation for long-period in (6 hours) compared with the control group (52.12%).The study recorded that there was a significant (P≥0.05) elevation in total red blood corpuscles and packed cell volume of rats exposed to radiation from mobile phone for short and long-period in different times compared with control. On the other hand, the research indicated that there was a significant (p≤0.05) decrement in mean corpuscles volume (MCV), mean corpuscle hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) of rats to radiation from mobile phone for short and long-period in different times than control group.

Lack of Adverse Effects of Cold Physical Plasma-Treated Blood from Leukemia Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common blood malignancy with multiple therapeutic challenges. Cold physical plasma has been considered a promising approach in cancer therapy in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cold plasma or plasma-treated solutions (PTS) on hematologic parameters in the whole blood of CLL patients. The mean red blood cell count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet and hemoglobin counts, and peripheral blood smear images did not significantly differ between treated and untreated samples in either CLL or healthy individuals. However, both direct plasma and indirect PTS treatment increased lipid peroxidation and RNS deposition in the whole blood of CLL patients and in healthy subjects. In addition, the metabolic activity of WBCs was decreased with 120 s of cold plasma or PTS treatment after 24 h and 48 h. However, cold plasma and PTS treatment did not affect the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, nor hemolysis in either CLL patients or in healthy individuals. The present study identifies the components of cold plasma to reach the blood without disturbing the basic parameters important in hematology, confirming the idea that the effect of cold plasma may not be limited to solid tumors and possibly extends to hematological disorders. Further cellular and molecular studies are needed to determine which cells in CLL patients are targeted by cold plasma or PTS.

EFEK SUBLETAL FUNGISIDA BERBAHAN DASAR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PADA BENIH IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)

The use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based fungicide has increased along with the modernization of agriculture. On the other hand, freshwater culture is generally juxtaposed with agricultural land. This study was conducted to determine the fungicide's sublethal effect on the survival and haematologist of common carp and tilapia as non-target organisms. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used are: (A) control (0 ppm fungicide), (B) 0.5 ppm fungicide, (C) 1 ppm fungicide, and (D) 10 ppm fungicide. Observation time is 96 hours. Survival, white blood cells, and red blood cells are analyzed using analysis of variance, while the feed response, shock response, and water quality are analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 10 ppm fungicide was not lethal to common carp and tilapia with a survival rate of almost 100%. During 96 hours of fungicide exposure, the average white blood cell (WBC) of common carp increased from 8.84-10.46 x 104 cells/mm3 to 9.56-11.48 x 104 cells/mm3. Meanwhile, the mean WBC of tilapia increased from 11.36-19.44 x 104 cells/mm3 to 20.52-37.38 x 104 cells/mm3. The average red blood cell (RBC) of common carp decreased from 6.60-7.01 x 106 cells/mm3 to 6.06-6.76 x 106 cells/mm3. Meanwhile, the mean RBC of tilapia decreased from 5.26-7.55 x 106 cells/mm3 to 2.21-3.76 x 106 cells/mm3. The results showed that the feed response did not change during the study, but the shock response decreased at 96 hours. Water quality during the study was still in the optimal range for common carp and tilapia culture. Key words : Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, fungicide, sublethal effect, common carp, tilapia

725. Complete Blood Count Values Vary in Degree of Change with Day of Fever in Children with Dengue Fever

BackgroundDengue fever (DF) is an acute viral disease which can lead to severe illness, including dengue hemorrhagic fever, marked by thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia, as well as end-organ damage. Despite the well-known presentation and prevalence, changes in hematologic markers across the DF course have not been well-described in children. We sought to investigate the association of clinical laboratory values over time with dengue disease progression and outcome in a pediatric population in the Dominican Republic.MethodsPediatric participants were enrolled at Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, in a prospective, observational case-based study. Laboratory values, including complete blood count (CBC) indices and dengue titer results, were collected over the course of hospital stay. Using linear mixed models, we assessed whether 13 different CBC values and time trajectories differed by dengue status, including age and sex as covariates. To account for multiple testing, p≤0.0033 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 575 children ages 0 to 211 months met inclusion criteria; 51.8% (n=298) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 59 (14-93) months. Eighty-two percent (n=472) of participants had DF. CBC values across days 1 to 10 of fever in those with and without DF are depicted in Figure 1. Those with DF showed levels dropping more quickly across days of fever for hematocrit and hemoglobin (p≤ 0.002), with a more rapid decline in those with severe DF (p < 0.0001). Those with DF had levels increasing more quickly for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), monocyte number, and white blood cell counts (p ≤ 0.003), with those with severe DF having a more rapid increase (p < 0.001). The direction of the change across time differed by DF status for mean corpuscular volume and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (p ≤ 0.0003), with those with severe DF showing an increase in RDW across day of fever (p= 0.0004).Figure 1. CBC values across day of fever in dengue (blue) and non-dengue (purple) patients. The graph above depicts the following CBC values across day of fever in dengue (blue) and non-dengue (purple) patients: a) white blood cell (WBC) count, b) platelet count, c) monocyte number, d) hemoglobin, e) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and f) mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Values with an asterisk (*) represent significant values (p < 0.0033).ConclusionThe trajectory of CBC measures differs between those with and without DF, despite similar clinical presentations. These laboratory differences may facilitate a better understanding of the clinical course of DF and may aid in earlier identification of DF in resource-limited settings. Disclosures Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Advisor or Review Panel member)

Comparative Efficacy of Two Antibiotics for the Management of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Goats Clinically Affected by Peste des Petits Ruminants

Aims: Peste des petits Ruminants (PPR) is a major viral disease that poses a challenge to small ruminant farming. Its natural occurrence has been complicated by secondary bacterial infection which has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. This study reports the management outcome of natural PPR-infected goats using two types of antibiotics in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: Goats (N=24) were confirmed to be suffering from PPR based on clinical signs and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The animals were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with 20% oxytetracycline (N= 10) and group B with procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination (penstrept) (N= 14) injection. Clinical signs, recovery and survivability, temperature, haematology [Packed cell volume (PCV); haemoglobin concentration (Hbconc); red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts] and some serum biochemical profiles [alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate transaminase (AST); total protein (TP); Albumin; urea; creatinine; potassium and sodium] were used to assess the efficacy of the antibiotics using standard techniques.&#x0D; Results: The mean temperature, RBC, WBC and urea values of the PPR-infected goats were above their reference ranges, mean albumin values were below the reference range while mean Hbconc, PCV, AST, ALT, TP and creatinine values were within their reference range before the commencement of treatment. Following treatment, clinical signs cleared in 20% and 35.7% of the goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively. Death was recorded in 20% and 15% of goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively before the end of treatment. Penstrep-treated group showed improvement in their haematological profile.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on our findings, the use of penstrep in the management of PPR-infected goats gave a better result.

The pattern of systemic inflammation index in normotensive non-dipper and dipper hypertensive patients

Objective: Continuous inflammation at the level of the vascular endothelium plays an important role in the formation of hypertension. Diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation also is a risk factor for hypertensive target organ damage. This study planned to evaluate these inflammation processes in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Methods: This study is observational cross-sectional cohort in-design. 151 patients with a prediagnosis of hypertension included. The patients were divided into three groups (group 1: dipper normotensive, group 2: non-dipper normotensive, group 3: dipper-hypertensive) based on the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The groups were compared in terms of systemic inflammation index (SII; platelet count×neutrophil count/lymphocyte count), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and other inflammation processes. Results: There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels (p=0.001 and p&amp;lt;0.001, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of NLR, PLR, systemic inflammation index, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR). In subgroup analysis, NLR and systemic inflammation index were similar in group 2 and group 3, but higher than in group 1 in both groups. LMR was similar in group 2 and group 3 but lower than in group 1. In subgroup analysis PLR levels were similar in group 2 and group 3 but higher than group 1 in both groups. Conclusion: This study showed that normotensive non-dipper patients had inflammation as much as dipper hypertensive patients according to measurement of MPV, RDW systemic inflammation index, PLR, NLR levels.

Mean platellet volume and red cell distribution width values in children with recurrent epistaxis

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mean platelet volume and red blood cell distribution width, recurrent epistaxis in children. Material and Method:This study was conducted with 60 pediatric patients who applied to our clinic between complaint of epistaxis. The control group consisted of 60 pediatric patients with similar number of age and gender characteristics as the study group. mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) values measured routinely in the complete blood count (CBC) were investigated Results: Mean RDW value was founded 11.98±0.75% in patients with epistaxis and 12.44±0.78% in the control group. Since the p-value calculated according to these data was found to be 0.02, the difference was found to be statistically significant. The MPV value was 6.65±1.31 femtoliter in patients with epistaxis and 6.41±1.22 femtoliter in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant since the p-value was higher than 0.05. Conclusion: It is thought that the high values of RDW and MPV, which are among the parameters measured in complete blood count, may be associated with the increase in thrombotic activity. It is also observed that MPV and RDW values are high in cerebrovascular cases and coronary artery diseases. The low RDW value in patients who with recurrent epistaxis gives rise to thought that this value may not be a result of bleeding, but a cause.