Mean Percent Body Fat Research Articles

Treating Severe Obesity to Reduce Dyspnea in Patients With Chronic Lung Disease: A Pilot Mixed Methods Study

Treating Severe Obesity to Reduce Dyspnea in Patients With Chronic Lung Disease: A Pilot Mixed Methods Study

Influence of body composition and muscle strength on outcomes after multimodal oesophageal cancer treatment.

BackgroundInfluence of sarcopenia in combination with other body composition parameters and muscle strength on outcomes after oesophageal surgery for oesophageal cancer remains unclear. The objectives were (i) to describe the incidence of sarcopenia in relation to adipose tissue quantity and distribution and muscle strength; (ii) to evaluate if neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRTx) influences body composition and muscle strength; and (iii) to evaluate the influence of body composition and muscle strength on post‐operative morbidity and long‐term survival.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with oesophageal cancer who received nCRTx followed by surgery between January 2011 and 2016. Skeletal muscle, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue cross‐sectional areas were calculated based on computed tomography scans, and muscle strength was measured using hand grip tests, 30 seconds chair stand tests, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure tests prior to nCRTx and after nCRTx.ResultsA total of 322 patients were included in this study. Sarcopenia was present in 55.6% of the patients prior to nCRTx and in 58.2% after nCRTx (P = 0.082). Patients with sarcopenia had a significantly lower muscle strength and higher fat percentage. The muscle strength and incidence of sarcopenia increased while the mean body mass index and fat percentage decreased during nCRTx. A body mass index above 25 kg/m2 was associated with anastomotic leakage (P = 0.032). Other body composition parameters were not associated with post‐operative morbidity. A lower handgrip strength prior to nCRTx was associated with pulmonary and cardiac complications (P = 0.023 and P = 0.009, respectively). In multivariable analysis, a lower number of stands during the 30 seconds chair stand test prior to nCRTx (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.99, P = 0.017) and visceral adipose tissue of >128 cm2 after nCRTx (hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.30–2.53, P = 0.001) were associated with worse overall survival.ConclusionsSarcopenia occurs frequently in patients with oesophageal cancer and is associated with less muscle strength and a higher fat percentage. Body composition changes during nCRTx did not influence survival. Impaired muscle strength and a high amount of visceral adipose tissue are associated with worse survival. Therefore, patients with poor fitness might benefit from preoperative nutritional and muscle strengthening guidance, aiming to increase muscle strength and decrease visceral adipose tissue. However, this should be confirmed in a large prospective study.

Structural equation model analysis for the evaluation of factors associated with overweight and obesity in menopausal women in RaNCD cohort study.

Weight gain and increased body fat mass are among the common complications of menopause. In addition to hormonal changes, behavioral and environmental factors aggravate transition through this phase. This study uses a structural equation model (SEM) to evaluate factors associated with overweight and obesity in menopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study of 4,471 women (pre/perimenopausal 3,150, menopausal 1,321) from baseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study in the west region of Iran in 2018. Obesity and overweight were the outcome variables. SEM was used to examine the relationships, using IBM SPSS, AMOS version 23. The mean body fat percentage and visceral fat area in menopausal women was significantly greater than among pre/perimenopause women. The direct association of higher socioeconomic status (SES) with a healthy dietary pattern was stronger among pre/perimenopausal women than among menopausal women (ß = 0.574 vs ß = 0.552). In both groups, less physical activity was associated with depression and musculoskeletal disorders, and this association was stronger in menopausal women (ß = -0.174 vs ß = -0.215; P > 0.05). Overweight and obesity were directly decreased (ß = -0.011, P > 0.05) and indirectly increased (ß = 0.013, P > 0.05) in pre/perimenopausal women by sleep duration, but they were directly and indirectly decreased in menopausal women. The direct and indirect effects of well-known risk factors associated with overweight and obesity were found to be different in pre/perimenopausal and menopausal groups. Some risk factors showed stronger effects among menopausal women compared with the pre/perimenopausal women. Physical activity and healthy dietary pattern had a mediator impact in the two study groups.

Increased Adiposity and Reduced Lean Body Mass in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.

Few studies have examined the metabolic consequences of short bowel syndrome (SBS) and its effects on body composition in adults. We hypothesized that body composition of SBS patients is altered compared to a normal age-, race-, and sex-matched population, regardless of parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence. To compare the body composition of adult patients with SBS to age-, sex-, and race-matched healthy controls. Twenty patients with SBS underwent body composition analysis using the GE Lunar iDXA scanner. Patients were age-, sex-, and race-matched to controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004). Mean differences in body mass index, fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat, visceral adipose tissue mass and volume, and bone mineral density were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 software. Fifty-five percent of subjects had a history of PN use, and 30% were current PN users. Mean percent body fat for SBS patients was 35.1% compared to 30.9% for healthy controls (p = 0.043). Fat-free mass was reduced in SBS (p = 0.007). Patients with reduced bone mass had a trend toward significantly more years of PN exposure compared to those with normal bone mass (p = 0.094), and a trend toward older age (p = 0.075). SBS is associated with increased percent body fat and reduced fat-free mass, suggesting that improved dietary and therapeutic interventions are needed to restore normal metabolic indices and avoid risk of metabolic syndrome in SBS patients.

Family Income Gradients in Adolescent Obesity, Overweight and Adiposity Persist in Extremely Deprived and Extremely Affluent Neighbourhoods but Not in Middle-Class Neighbourhoods: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

We investigated whether family income gradients in obesity, overweight, and adiposity persist at geographic-level deprivation quintiles using a nationally representative cohort of UK adolescents. Data from 11,714 eligible adolescents from the sixth sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study (14 years old) were analysed in this study. The International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific thresholds were used to define obesity and overweight. Self-reported family income was standardized using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s equivalised income scale. Geographic-level deprivation was defined by the index of multiple deprivation 2004. Results showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 8.0% and 27.2%, respectively. Mean percentage body fat was 16.9% (standard error, SE = 0.2%) in male and 27.3% (SE = 0.1%) in female adolescents. Risk of obesity, overweight, and adiposity increased with decreasing family income quintiles (p for trend <0.001). After stratifying by geographic-level deprivation quintiles, a U-shaped association emerged, whereby family income gradients in the risk of adolescent obesity and adiposity persisted in extremely affluent and extremely deprived neighbourhoods but attenuated to non-significance in middle-class neighbourhoods. These results focus on the findings from England. Recognition of the persistence of inequalities in the risk of obesity in the most deprived and affluent neighbourhoods may be necessary in planning public health resources and interventions.

Associations between choline intake, body composition, lipid profile, and liver status in healthy adults

AbstractCholine is an essential nutrient involved in several processes, including the export of lipids from the liver. Recent studies have underlined that low choline intake may be linked to greater body weight and liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether choline intake is associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, lipid profile, or liver steatosis indices.407 healthy subjects aged 20–40 were enrolled in Poznań, Poland from 2016 to 2018. Food intake was assessed using three-day food records. Choline intake was analyzed using the USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods, which summarizes the levels of choline found in a range of food items. Weight to 0.1 kg and height to 0.01 m were measured using an electronic scale and a stadiometer, respectively. BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Fat mass and lean body mass were determined using whole-body air-displacement plethysmography. Waist and hip circumferences were measured to 0.5 cm using nonelastic tape. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in serum were determined using a biochemical analyzer. The following biomarkers of liver steatosis were calculated: NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). To analyze associations between choline intake and these parameters, we used multiple regression with adjustments for age, sex, and energy intake.The mean BMI was 25.9 ± 5.28 kg/m2, the mean body weight was 78.39 ± 18.03 kg, the mean body fat percentage was 29.1 ± 10.79%, and the mean choline intake was 447.93 ± 235 mg/day. Choline intake was negatively associated with body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and FLI index (p &lt; 0.05 for all associations) and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p &lt; 0.05). There were no associations between choline intake and BMI, hip circumference, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the following fatty liver indexes: HSI and NAFLD-LFS.Our study suggests that higher choline intake is associated with favorable body composition and may have a protective role on liver status. However, additional studies are needed to understand the effect of choline on these parameters.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grants 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134 and 2016/21/N/NZ9/01195).

Relation of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Body Fat Percentage to Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers in Menopausal Women.

The degenerative diseases in menopause-age women has been continued to increase every year. This study aimed to analyze the relation of body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage on blood biochemical markers of lipid and oxidative stress in menopausal women. This randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted using a cross-over design. The subjects in this study were sixteen menopausal women in Ciherang Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel program and SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the subjects' mean age was 57±4.63 y with the age range of 50-60 y. The subjects' mean BMI was 27.55±2.11 kg/m2, the mean waist circumference was 90.77±7.16 cm, and the mean body fat percentage was 35.6±3.26%. The mean cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels after the intervention were 186.4 mg/dL, 119.8 mg/dL, 55.5 mg/dL, and 107 mg/dL, respectively. The mean MDA and SOD levels were 155.5 ng/mL and 27.55 U/mL, respectively. This study concluded that BMI had significant positive correlations with body fat percentage, cholesterol levels, LDL-c levels, and serum MDA levels. BMI and body fat percentage had significant negative correlations with serum SOD levels.

Kadınların Meme Kanseri Bilgisinin Beslenme Durumu ve Yaşam Biçimlerine Olan Etkisinin Risk Analizi ile İncelenmesi

Amaç: Dünyada ve ülkemizde kadınlarda görülen meme kanseri insidansı son yıllarda hızla artmaktadır. Özellikle artan obezite ve sedanter yaşam şekli bu konuda en önemli risk faktörü olarak görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, hastanede çalışan kadınların meme kanseri konusundaki bilgi ve davranışlarının, beslenme durumları ve yaşam biçimlerine olan etkisinin risk analizi ile değerlendirilmesidir.&#x0D; Bireyler ve Yöntem: Araştırmada, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde destek hizmetlerinde çalışan, 160 kadın (20 yaş ve üzeri) çalışma kapsamına alınmış ve çalışma 155 kişi ile tamamlanmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmada, kadınların meme kanseri risk faktörleri, erken tanı ve tarama yöntemleri hakkındaki bilgi ve davranışları ile birlikte beslenme bilgi ve alışkanlıklarını ölçen bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri ve vücut kompozisyonu ölçümleri biyoelektrik impedans analizi (BİA) ile alınmıştır. Kadınların meme kanseri risk analizi Cuzick Tyrer modeline göre değerlendirilmiştir.&#x0D; Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 155 kadının %81.4’ünün, meme kanseri erken tanı ve tarama yöntemleri konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadınlar arasında erken tarama yöntemlerinden en sık başvurulan yöntemin ‘kendi kendine muayene’ yöntemi olduğu (%47.7), bunu sırasıyla klinik meme muayenesi (%30.3) ve mamografinin (%31.0) takip ettiği saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte katılımcıların çoğunun (%60.2) bu yöntemlerden hiçbirini uygulamadığı görülmüştür. Kadınların %63.9’unda beden kütle indeksinin (BKİ) 25 kg/m2&lt; olduğu ve BKİ&gt;25 kg/m2 olan kadınlarda vücut yağ yüzdesinin %39.06±7.29 olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadınların %67.1’inin egzersiz yapma alışkanlığının olmadığı saptanmıştır. Cuzick-Tyrer modeline göre yaşam boyu meme kanseri riski yüksek olanların sıklığı %34.2 olarak bulunmuştur. Her gün zeytinyağı ve meyve sebze tüketenlerin sıklığı sırasıyla %98.7 ve %95.5 olarak saptanmıştır.&#x0D; Sonuç: Kadınların çoğu meme kanserinde erken tanı ve tarama yöntemlerinin önemi konusunda bilgi sahibi olsa da, davranışa yansıtmada halen yetersizlik olduğu görülmektedir. Yaşam boyu tarama testlerinin uygulanması, obezitenin önlenmesi, fiziksel aktivitenin artırılması, riski azaltan besinlerin seçimi, sigara ve alkol gibi risk faktörlerinin azaltılması temel önlemlerdir.

Neonatal body composition by air displacement plethysmography in healthy term singletons: a systematic review

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that intrauterine environment and, consequently, growth in utero have both immediate and far-reaching consequences for health. Neonatal body composition might be a more sensitive marker of intrauterine environment and neonatal adiposity than birth weight and could serve as a predictor for non-communicable diseases later in life.MethodsTo perform a systematic literature review on neonatal body composition determined by air displacement plethysmography in healthy infants. The systematic review was performed using the search terms “air displacement plethysmography”, “infant” and “newborn” in Pubmed. Data are displayed as mean (Standard deviation).ResultsFourteen studies (including n = 6231 infants) using air displacement plethysmography fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. In these, weighted mean body fat percentage was 10.0 (4.1) % and weighted mean fat free mass was 2883 (356) g in healthy term infants. Female infants had a higher body fat percentage (11.1 (4.1) % vs. 9.6 (4.0) %) and lower fat free mass (2827 (316) g vs. 2979 (344) g). In the Caucasian subpopulation (n = 2202 infants) mean body fat percentage was 10.8 (4.1), whereas data for reference values of other ethnic groups are still sparse.ConclusionsBody composition varies depending on gender and ethnicity. These aggregated data may serve as reference for body composition in healthy, term, singletons at least for the Caucasian subpopulation.

Comparison between Different Prescription Methods for Aerobic Training in Young Adults

Anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation are used to determine the intensity of aerobic exercise. This study aims to compare heart rate values relative to the percentages of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, a comparison calculated through the reserve heart rate (HRR) and reserve oxygen consumption (VO2R) equations corresponding to the oxygen consumption obtained by the direct method. The sample was composed of 11 men and 10 women: mean age, 21.4 ± 2.8 years. Volunteers performed a maximal treadmill test in which oxygen uptake was measured using the VO2000® metabolic analyzer. The mean body fat percentage was 15.68 ± 8.02% corresponding to a lean body mass of 54.8 ± 13.0 kg and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 56.0 ± 8.4 mL/Kg·min−1. The measured intensities (50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of VO2max) presented significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) for each reference value. Mean values calculated by the HRR equation demonstrated a tendency to underestimate the intensities, while the values calculated by the VO2R equation showed a tendency to overestimate the intensities. As the main conclusion, it is pointed out that both methods were effective for determining the intensity of aerobic training. However, they presented significant differences, and the equations should be adjusted to increase precision. Thus, the use of HRR is recommended for the determination of training intensities.

Factors Associated With Low Lean Mass in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross- Sectional Study.

Background and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate body composition (BC) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at disease onset compared to population controls focusing on the associations between low lean mass and disease specific parameters, nutritional factors and physical activity. Materials and Methods: 91 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) (72% female) and 328 control subjects (54% female) were studied. BC-lean and fat mass parameters were measured with a Lunar Prodigy Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) machine. The prevalence, age and gender adjusted odds ratios of having low lean mass and overfat, associations between nutrition, physical activity, and ERA disease specific parameters and the presence of low lean mass were evaluated. Results: We found that the BC of patients with recent onset RA differs from control subjects—ERA patients had a higher mean body fat percentage (BFP) and lower appendicular lean mass (ALM). 41.8% of the ERA patients and 19.8% of the controls were classified as having low lean mass adjusted OR 3.3 (95% C.I. 1.9–5.5, p < 0.001). 68.1% of the ERA subjects and 47.3% of the controls were overfat (adjusted OR 1.9 (95% C.I. 1.1–3.3, p = 0.02)) and the adjusted odds of having both low lean mass and overfat were 4.4 times higher (26.4% vs. 7.0% 95% C.I. 2.3–8.4, p < 0.001) among the ERA group. Higher ESR (OR 1.03, C.I. 1.002–1.051, p = 0.03), CRP (OR 1.03, C.I. 1.002–1.061, p = 0.04), lower protein intake (OR 0.98 C.I. 0.96–0.99, p = 0.04), corticosteroid usage (OR 3.71 C.I. 1.4–9.9, p < 0.01) and lower quality of life (higher HAQ score OR 2.41 C.I. 1.24–4.65, p < 0.01) were associated with having low lean mass in the ERA group (adjusted to age and gender). Conclusions: Patients with early RA have lower appendicular lean mass and higher body fat percentage compared to healthy controls. Loss of lean mass in early RA is associated with elevated inflammatory markers inducing catabolism, lower protein intake and also with GCS treatment.

Relationship between dietary patterns, lifestyle habits and Total body fat composition among university students

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, leading to an increased risk of many serious illnesses, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. The changes of dietary patterns and lifestyle habits especially among young generation may contribute to this problem. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of dietary patterns and lifestyle habits on total body fat composition among UniKL RCMP students.The self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 71 students (42.3% male and 57.7% female) by convenience sampling method to identify their dietary pattern and lifestyle habits. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method was used to assess body fat composition. The results showed that most of the students (52.1%) consumed 2 meals daily, which contained carbohydrates, proteins, fatty foods, and beverages, but a low intake of fruits and vegetables. The majority of the students skipped breakfast and ate lunch as their main meal. For lifestyle habits, 77.5% of students preferred to do inactive activity during leisure time, while only 2.8% preferred to do exercise. The mean body fat percentage (% BF) for male students was 21.13 + 1.30, which is classified as high, while for females, the mean % BF was 26.71 + 1.25, which is classified as normal. The majority of the students did not practice healthy eating and lifestyle habits, and these factors may have contributed to the high body fat composition in male students. Therefore, the university is suggested to provide more programs such as good lifestyle habits and nutrition educations campaigns to increase awareness among the students.

Maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours associated with adiposity in infants as measured by air displacement plethysmography

BackgroundIdentifying modifiable factors associated with body fat in infancy may improve health outcomes. Few studies have examined factors associated with percentage body fat calculated using air displacement plethysmography, a gold standard technique. AimsTo investigate maternal sociodemographic and health behaviour characteristics associated with percentage body fat in offspring at birth. Study designObservational cross-sectional study in which the body composition of term infants was measured by air displacement plethysmography during the hospital stay after birth. SubjectsOne-hundred-and-ninety-six women and their term (37–42 weeks) infants. Outcome measuresAssociations between infant body composition and maternal sociodemographic and health characteristics. ResultsOne-hundred-and-ninety-six women (41.8% primiparous) participated. Mean percentage body fat among infants (51.5% female) was 10.3 ± 3.7. Percentage body fat was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in infants born to women with an obese or overweight body mass index (BMI), when compared to infants born to women with a healthy BMI (12.1 ± 4.0, 11.1 ± 3.1, and 9.2 ± 3.7, respectively). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.294) was observed, with the percentage body fat of infants born to women with an overweight or obese BMI being 17.1% and 23.9% higher, respectively, than that of infants born to women with a healthy weight BMI. Percentage body fat was lower in infants born to primiparous women (p = 0.011) and women of low social class (p = 0.003). ConclusionsInfants born to women with an overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI had significantly higher mean percentage body fat when compared to infants born to women with a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI. Research into approaches that promote a healthy BMI in advance of pregnancy is warranted.

What change in body mass index is associated with improvement in percentage body fat in childhood obesity? A meta-regression

ObjectiveUsing meta-regression this paper sets out the minimum change in body mass index-SD score (BMI-SDS) required to improve adiposity as percentage body fat for children and adolescents with obesity.DesignMeta-regression.SettingStudies were...

Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density of Division 1 Collegiate Track and Field Athletes, a Consortium of College Athlete Research (C-CAR) Study

The purpose of the present study was to generate normative values for total and regional body composition in male and female Division 1 collegiate track and field athletes using dual X-ray absorptiometry. We also sought to examine body composition by event and sex. Data were used from the Consortium of College Athlete Research group. A total of 590 (male [M]/female [F] = 274/316) athletes had their height, weight, total and regional fat mass (FM), lean mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) measured. Athletes were classified into 1 of 7 categories: Jumps (M/F = 28/30); Long Distance (M/F = 104/110), Middle Distance (M/F = 27/24), Multievent (M/F = 11/9), Pole Vault (M/F = 21/27), Sprints (M/F = 54/96), and Throws (M/F = 29/20). Total and regional differences between events and sex were assessed by analysis of variance. Except for male and female throwers, all other track and field athletes’ mean percent body fat (M: 10.3%–12.6%, F: 17.5%–21.6%) and visceral FM (<500 g) was low, but in a healthy range. As expected, throwers had significantly (p < 0.05) higher total and regional FM and lean mass than other events. In addition, male (1.55 ± 0.11 g/cm2) and female (1.40 ± 0.12 g/cm2) throwers had significantly greater BMD than all other events while male (1.25 ± 0.10 g/cm2) and female (1.16 ± 0.09 g/cm2) distance runners had significantly lower BMD than all other events. In conclusion, track athletes’ body composition differed across events for both males and females. These measurements provide normative data on NCAA Division 1 male and female track and field athletes.

Effect of a Suspension Training Certification Curriculum on Health Related Fitness and Functional Movement

INTRODUCTION: There is limited research on the fitness benefits of certification courses offered in higher education. PURPOSE: To identify the fitness and functional movement effects from a 14-week, didactic, active learning suspension training certification course. METHODS: Forty-two participants (30 females; 12 males; Age = 25.6 ± 10.0 yrs; Height = 169.4 ± 9.8 cm; Body Mass = 69.7 ± 15.4 kg) in a suspension training curricular course completed 28 applied-learning sessions over a 14-week period. Initial 9 weeks were instructor-led educational lectures, workouts, and critique of techniques, whereas, the latter 5 weeks were student-led exercise programming and workouts for curricular evaluation. Throughout each 40-minute exercise session, six body positions were utilized across push, pull, rotational, squat, and lunge movements. Pre- and post-fitness assessments included body composition, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and a functional movement screen (FMS). Dependent t-tests were used to determine if there were mean changes in fitness-related and functional movement status. Due to multiple comparisons, Bonferroni correction was used, therefore, alpha level was set at .007. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in mean body mass, fat mass, and lean mass. There were, however, significant positive changes in mean percent body fat (24.0% ± 9.8% to 22.9% ± 10.5%), sit-and-reach (41.5 ± 9.2 to 44.0 ± 7.9 cm), quantity of push-ups (25.9 ± 11.5 to 32.0 ± 13.5), handgrip dynamometer (83.1 ± 29.5 to 90.6 ± 30.5 kg), and FMS (14.9 ± 2.4 to 16.5 ± 2.2) values. CONCLUSIONS: Students participating within the 28-session suspension training curriculum experienced significant decrements in percent body fat and gains in flexibility, upper body muscular endurance, upper body muscular strength, and functional movement screening scores.

RETRACTED: A comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfold measurements with Medix DR Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of body fat percentage

Objectives: Body composition can be evaluated using a variety of methods to estimate body fat percentage, but methods tend to vary in precision. The aim of our study is to compare skinfold thickness measurement and bioelectrical impedance analysis to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for the estimation of body fat percentage in healthy adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to examine and compare body fatness percentage of health adult men and women with three different assessment methods: skinfold thickness measurement (caliper, West Sussex, UK; equations, Jackson and Pollock's and Peterson et al.’s), bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC 541, Tanita Co., Tokyo, Japan), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Medix DR, Medilink, France). Results: Sixty-eight healthy adults aged 19–73 years (34 ± 14.5 years) participated. Mean body fat percentage assessed by DXA (23.2 ± 5.4%) was much less than the body fat percentage estimated by Skinfold using Peterson et al.’s formula (31.7 ± 6.6%), but the relationship between the two was the strongest (r = 0.903, P = 0.000). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (24.9 ± 8.1%) and Skinfold with J&P's (26.3 ± 9.7%) tended to underestimate DXA-derived body fat percentage in lean and overestimate it in overweight. Body fat percentage produced by Medix DR DXA showed different pattern comparing with other studies in literature, which indicates that more caution should be taken when comparing with other manufactures’ results.

Validity of basal metabolic rate prediction equations in elderly women living in an urban tropical city of Brazil

To measure basal metabolic rate (BMR) and to compare it with the values obtained from predictive equations in a sample of elderly (≥60y) women. Cross-sectional study. Seventy-nine women living in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil enrolled in physical activity programs open to the community. Anthropometric measures were obtained using standard procedures. Percent body fat (PBF) was assessed by DXA. BMR was measured (BMRm) by indirect calorimetry under standardized conditions and compared with BMR estimated by 14 predictive equations that included elderly individuals in their development. Mean (±SD) age, BMI and PBF were 69.7±6.5y, 27.2±4.6 kg/m2 and 42.1±5.9%. BMRm (4188.3±707.2kJ/day) was significantly lower than estimated BMR by all predictive equations, including the equation developed for the Niteroian adult population (4565.6±607.9kJ/day). This population-specific equation provided the largest number of results within ±10% of BMRm and the lowest overestimation (10.6±15.4%), much lower than the results from the internationally recommended Schofield equation (27.2±17.6%). Regression of calf circumference (CC), age and body mass on BMRm provided similar estimates in comparison to models with fat-free mass (FFM). All predictive equations provided biased, inaccurate estimates of BMR values in comparison to BMRm. Anthropometry and body composition explained only approximately 50% of the variability of BMRm. New equations should account for the variability of organ-metabolic rates and underlying undetected health conditions in older individuals living in tropical regions.

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of consuming Growing Up Milk “Lite” on body composition in children aged 12–23 mo

Growing Up Milk (GUM) was developed to assist young children in meeting their nutritional requirements during the second year of life. However, there is limited evidence that GUM improves nutritional status and growth in young children. To evaluate the effect of consuming Growing Up Milk "Lite" (GUMLi) (reduced protein with synbiotics and micronutrients added) compared with standard cow milk as part of a whole diet for 1 y on body composition at 2 y of age. GUMLi Trial was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in Auckland and Brisbane. Healthy 1-y-olds were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either GUMLi or standard cow milk for 12 mo as part of a whole diet. The primary outcome was percentage body fat at 2 y of age measured by bioelectrical impedance. All regression models adjusted for baseline outcome and study center. 160 children (80 per arm) were randomly assigned, and 134 (67 per arm) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses. The mean percentage body fat at 12 mo was 23.3% (SD 7.9) in the GUMLi group and 25.7% (SD 7.2) in the cow milk group. After adjusting for baseline outcome and study location, the estimated mean difference in percentage body fat between the intervention and control at 12 mo was -2.19% (95% CI: -4.24, -0.15; P=0.036). Per-protocol analysis showed a similar effect (mean difference: -2.09%; 95% CI: -4.16, -0.03; P=0.047). Both fat mass and the fat mass index were significantly lower in the GUMLi group at 12 mo than in the cow milk group. At 2 y of age, children who consumed a GUM with a lower protein content than cow milk over 12 mo had a lower percentage of body fat. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12614000918628.

Uticaj kompleksnog metoda treninga na ispoljavanje maksimalne izometrijske sile mladih košarkaša

During the period of ten weeks, a study has been conducted on the effects of a complex training method on the maximal isometric muscle force, its peaking time, and the rate of force development in the semi-squat test. The participants of the study were twenty junior basketball players (average age 16.4+/-0.7; mean body height 186.2cm+/-9.2; mean body weight 75,4+/-7.5kg; mean body fat percentage 12,83%+/-1.15). The participants were divided into experimental (n=10) and control group (n=10). The experimental group, besides technical-tactical training sessions, had additional complex training, while the control group had technical-tactical training sessions only. At the final testing, the results of maximal isometric muscle force and the explosive power index, have significantly improved in the experimental group, while the control group did not make significant progress. There were no significant changes in the maximal isometric muscle force's peak time at the final testing. The study findings indicate that application of the complex training method has positive effects on the development of maximal isometric force, and the rate of force development.