Average Power Research Articles

Analysis of intramolecular modes of liquid water in two-dimensional spectroscopy: A classical hierarchical equations of motion approach.

Two-dimensional (2D) vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful means of investigating the structure and dynamics of complex molecules in condensed phases. However, even in theory, analysis of 2D spectra resulting from complex inter- and intra-molecular motions using only molecular dynamics methods is not easy. This is because molecular motions comprise complex multiple modes and peaks broaden and overlap owing to various relaxation processes and inhomogeneous broadening. On the basis of an anharmonic multimode Brownian oscillator model with nonlinear system-bath coupling, we have developed an approach that simulates 2D spectra, taking into account arbitrary modes of intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations simultaneously. Although only two-mode quantum calculations are feasible with this model, owing to high computational costs, here we restrict ourselves to the classical case and perform three-mode calculations. We demonstrate the applicability of our method by calculating 2D correlation infrared spectra of water for symmetric stretching, antisymmetric stretching, and bending modes. The quantum effects of these results are deduced by comparing 2D quantum spectra previously obtained for two intramolecular modes with those obtained using our classical approach under the same physical conditions. The results show that the 2D spectra calculated by separating the stretching modes into symmetric and asymmetric modes provide better descriptions of peak profiles, such as the splitting of cross-peaks.

Student voice: bringing about change in primary schools

This paper focuses on an exploration of the use of participatory approaches for facilitating change in schools. Lesson observations, fieldnotes from meetings, and interviews with teachers and children were collected in a study that aimed at exploring how inclusion can be promoted through an engagement with student voice in primary (elementary) schools (5-11-year-olds), in one city in the South of England, U.K. Data analysis highlighted how participatory approaches and methods (student researchers, sticky notes with unfinished sentences, visual methods and observations) allowed students to be actively involved in the research process and led to changes in their schools. We argue that participatory methods can be a powerful means for change, only if they are used in ways that enable sustained dialogues between teachers and students in schools. Of all the methods that we explore, we highlight observation as important in facilitating such efforts.

Shamanism and Christianity: Models of Religious Encounters in East Asia

When exploring interactions between Christianity and other religions in East Asia, the place given to the shamanic tradition remains ambiguous and marginal. This article analyzes the religious encounters between shamanism and Christianity in East Asia through specific and representative case studies. This article is divided into three main parts. Section 1 introduces the core terms “shamanism” and “diffusionism”, explaining their general meanings and the specific ways they are used in this study, and provides a regional overview of the cases analyzed in this paper. Sections 2–4 present the historical context and analysis of religious encounters in regions such as Siberia, Mongolia, China (including Taiwan, Southwest China, and Northeast China), Korea, etc. Sections 5 and 6 seek to demonstrate that shamanism operates according to two models: the first characterized by “segregation” and the second by “diffusion”, noting that these models exist on a dynamic continuum. In most historical situations, this study argues that shamanism initially encountered Christianity in a segregation mode, often leading to significant conflicts between the two. Over time, as shamanism’s religious attributes weakened, it paradoxically adapted to a diffusion model, integrating its ethos into other religions, including Christianity. The diffusion model has thus become an appropriate way to understand the current existent form of shamanism in East Asia.

Emotionalization of the 2021–2022 Global Energy Crisis Coverage: Analyzing the Rhetorical Appeals as Manipulation Means in the Mainstream Media

As the issues of the world’s overreliance on fossil fuels still remain unresolved, mainstream media play a central role in influencing public attitudes towards energy sources. This article aimed to consider Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals as manipulation means in the news coverage of the 2021–2022 global energy crisis. Using computer-aided text analysis, media framing, discourse, and rhetorical analyses, this paper analyzes 600 news articles published on the websites of the four mainstream media sources from the key countries that were affected by the crisis. The results confirmed emotionalization of the news coverage that occurred through the use of similar rhetorical appeals and emotive language means aimed at inducing positive or negative feelings and shaping public opinion. The UK and US mainstream media appeared to rely more on the opinions of political, business, and energy authorities, highlighting a high level of politicization of their coverage. The findings also indicated polarization of the attitudes in the coverage, with mainly negative narratives about fossil fuels and more positive narratives about renewable energies, which contributed to public opinion manipulation and energy decision-making. This study opens up perspectives for future research on media emotions and rhetorical appeals as powerful manipulation means in applied linguistics, rhetoric, and journalism.

Research Progress of Microneedles in Vaccine Delivery.

Large-scale infectious diseases have become a significant threat to human health and safety. The successful invention of vaccines is the most powerful means for preventing infectious diseases and has greatly improved global human health. Even during the pandemic of COVID-19, which has affected the world, vaccines have played an irreplaceable role. Microneedles (MNs) punctured the stratum corneum and formed microchannels in the skin allowing the vaccine to be efficiently recognized by the abundant antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin to form specific immunity. Compared with traditional vaccination methods, MN transdermal immunization has the advantages of painlessness, easy storage, and efficient immune response. In this review, we summarize the types of vaccines, types of MNs, research progress and clinical research status of MN-based vaccines. We also cover various technologies for vaccine encapsulation, stable delivery of MN vaccines, and a wide range of potential clinical applications. We also outline the future development prospects of the MN system onboard to achieve better clinical benefits.

Nanosecond Molecular Motion in pHP1α Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Captured by Solid-State NMR.

The relationship among protein structure, function, and dynamics is fundamental to biological activity, particularly in more complex biomolecular systems. Solid-state and solution-state NMR techniques offer powerful means to probe these dynamics across various time scales. However, standard assumptions about molecular motion are often challenged in phase-separated systems like phosphorylated heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (pHP1α), which exhibit both solid- and solution-like characteristics. This study investigates the nanosecond molecular motions in pHP1α liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) using relaxation in hetNOE-filtered HSQC signals. By systematically analyzing motions captured by hetNOE-filtered HSQC and conventional HSQC, we characterize the global dynamics site-specifically in pHP1α LLPS. Our findings reveal ∼15 ns motion in the pHP1α LLPS system, suggesting the coexistence of different dynamic phases, and support previous observations on its role in chromatin organization. This work contributes to the expanding literature on phase-separated biomolecular behavior, with implications for understanding the molecular basis of chromatin compaction and genomic stability.

P1169 Guselkumab maintenance treatment improves health-related quality of life in patients with moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis: Phase 3 QUASAR maintenance study

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) symptoms are associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Phase 3 QUASAR maintenance study (NCT04033445) evaluated the efficacy and safety of guselkumab (GUS) in participants (pts) with moderately to severely active UC who demonstrated a clinical response to GUS intravenous (IV) induction. GUS is a selective dual-acting IL-23p19 subunit inhibitor that potently blocks IL-23 and binds to CD64, a receptor on cells that produce IL-23. Here we report the effect of GUS subcutaneous (SC) maintenance therapy on HRQoL at Week (W) 44 in QUASAR pts as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29. Methods At maintenance baseline (BL), GUS IV induction W12 responders and placebo (PBO)→GUS IV induction W24 responders were randomized 1:1:1 to SC GUS 200 mg every 4 W (q4w; N=190), GUS 100 mg every 8 W (q8w; N=188), or PBO (GUS withdrawal; N=190) maintenance therapy. PROMIS-29 consists of 7 domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, sleep disturbance, physical function, and social participation) and a pain intensity numeric rating scale (NRS, range 0-10). The raw score of each domain is converted into a standardized T-score with a general population mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores are derived from physical and mental domain T-scores, respectively. Higher scores indicate better outcomes for physical function and social participation domains and PCS and MCS scores and worse outcomes for all other symptom domains. Depending on the domain/score, improvement of ≥3 to ≥9 points from induction BL was identified as clinically meaningful.1 Results At maintenance BL, mean PROMIS-29 domain T-scores, pain intensity NRS score, and PCS/MCS scores in all treatment groups reflected values in-line with the general population, as expected for clinical responders to GUS IV induction (Table). At W44, the PROMIS-29 domain T-scores, pain intensity NRS score, and PCS/MCS scores observed at maintenance BL were sustained in both GUS SC maintenance groups but had worsened in the PBO group (Table). The proportion of pts achieving clinically meaningful improvement from induction BL at W44 was greater with GUS vs PBO for each PROMIS-29 domain T-score, pain intensity NRS score, and PCS/MCS scores (Figure). Conclusion Among pts with moderately to severely active UC who responded to GUS IV induction, GUS SC maintenance therapy sustained clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL at W44 as measured by the PROMIS-29. This study was funded by Janssen Research & Development, LLC.

P1149 Guselkumab improves health-related quality of life as measured by PROMIS-29 in participants with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease: Phase 3 GRAVITI study

Abstract Background Patients (pts) with Crohn’s disease (CD) suffer from symptoms that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL).1-3 The Phase 3 GRAVITI treat-through trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of SC induction and maintenance of guselkumab (GUS), an interleukin (IL)-23 p19 subunit antagonist, in pts with moderately to severely active CD who had demonstrated a history of inadequate response or intolerance to oral corticosteroids, AZA, 6-MP, MTX, or biologics. Here we report HRQoL as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29 through Week (Wk) 48. PROMIS-29 consists of 7 domains (symptom domains: anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, and sleep disturbance; functional domains: physical function and social participation) and a pain intensity item. Methods The GRAVITI programme for GUS in CD (NCT05197049) employs a treat-through design in which pts were allocated 1:1:1 to GUS 400mg SC every 4 weeks (q4w) (x3)→GUS 200mg SC q4w, GUS 400mg SC q4w (x3)→GUS 100mg SC every 8 weeks (q8w), or placebo (PBO). Pts in the placebo group who met the criteria for rescue therapy received guselkumab 400 mg SC at Wk16, Wk20, and Wk24 followed by guselkumab 100 mg SC q8w; GUS pts stayed on GUS per treat-through design (sham rescue). PROMIS-29 uses standardized T-scores, with a general population mean of 50 and standard deviation (SD) of 10. The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were calculated based on the domain T-scores. Clinically meaningful improvement (CMI) was according to previously defined thresholds for each domain, and the MCS and PCS.4 Higher scores indicate better health outcomes for the functional domains and two summary scores (PCS and MCS), and worse symptoms for the symptom domains, including the pain intensity item, which uses a numeric rating scale (NRS; 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain]). Results In the full analysis population, baseline mean PROMIS-29 domain scores were similar among all treatment groups in functional domain scores, symptom domain scores, and pain intensity scores. All baseline values were indicating impaired HRQoL (Table 1). GUS-treated pts achieved a greater improvement from baseline at Wk12 and Wk48 in each domain T-score, the pain intensity NRS score, and the PCS and MCS than PBO-treated pts. Additionally, the percentage of pts achieving CMI through Wk12 and Wk48 was greater for GUS vs PBO in each domain, the pain intensity NRS score, and the PCS and MCS scores (Figure 1). Conclusion Pts with moderately to severely active CD treated with GUS SC induction and maintenance experienced broad and clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL compared with placebo pts as measured by PROMIS-29 through Wk12 and through Wk48.

An Efficient Implementation of Interior-Point Methods for a Class of Nonsymmetric Cones

We present an implementation of interior-point methods for generalized power cones, power mean cones and relative entropy cones, by exploiting underlying low-rank and sparsity properties of the Hessians of their logarithmically homogeneous self-concordant barrier functions. We prove that the augmented linear system in our interior-point method can be sparse and quasidefinite after adding a static regularization term, enabling the use of sparse LDL factorization for nonsymmetric cones. Numerical results show that our implementation can exploit sparsity in our test examples.

Comparison of Aerobics Teaching to Combines Online and Offline Learning with Traditional Teaching of Guangdong Vocational College Students in China

Background and Aim: China Education Modernization 2035 means In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council released China Education Modernization 2035, which addresses current problems in education, proposes the construction of intelligent campuses, and promotes the views of education information change, among other things. There is no modernization without informatization, and informatization in education will certainly become a powerful means to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The integration of network teaching methods (such as TED, MOOC, etc.) has arisen because of the combination of informatization and education. Studying the literature the research decided to study research on the use of online and offline teaching modes in aerobics teaching, which is the trend of the times. Through statistical data and experimental research, we know that the application of hybrid teaching methods is growing year by year in foreign education and teaching. The hybrid teaching method is in line with the current trend of the times, in the trend of the times, the hybrid teaching method is undoubtedly the most suitable teaching method for higher education at this stage. Materials and Methods: The research has 4 steps: Step 1 Study general information literature and consult an expert study advisor. Step 2: Creating teaching tools. Step 3: Results of the study of online and offline teaching and normal teaching. And Step 4. Results of comparing normal teaching with online and offline teaching, divided into a control group and an experimental group. Result: This research study is quasi-experimental research combining aerobics teaching using normal teaching and comparing it with online and offline teaching to study the results of normal and online offline teaching to be compared for 14 weeks, divided into the experiments, which had a control group and an experimental group, were statistically analyzed using a computer program. Conclusion: Using a quasi-experimental design, this study compares the efficacy of offline, online, and traditional aerobics teaching methods over 14 weeks. A statistical analysis was conducted on the data, taking into account the control and experimental groups.

On approximation of functions by very general matrix means of their Fourier series

On approximation of functions by very general matrix means of their Fourier series

Enhanced dynamic hand gesture recognition for finger disabilities using deep learning and an optimized Otsu threshold method

Abstract Hand gestures serve as a powerful means of communication, capable of conveying extensive information across various public health domains, including medicine and education. The process of hand gesture recognition involves the use of mathematical algorithms to identify human gestures and finds applications in areas such as communication for the deaf, human-computer interaction, intelligent driving, and virtual reality. This study introduces a robust method aimed at recognizing dynamic hand gestures, particularly for individuals with finger disabilities. The approach begins with segmenting hand gestures from intricate backgrounds using an advanced Otsu segmentation algorithm, while also integrating motion data from RGB video sequences. Hand gestures are transformed into texture and contour features, which are utilized as input for a hybrid model that merges a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a recurrent neural network (RNN). The model employs Inception-v3 for feature extraction complemented by an LSTM layer for classification. The focus of the study is on recognizing six dynamic gestures, with particular emphasis on "scroll right" and "scroll down" due to their high accuracy in recognition. The model demonstrated an average precision of 84.34% across all gestures, achieving 87.57% for gestures involving finger impairments. These results highlight the model’s effectiveness in practical applications for dynamic hand gesture recognition.

From 0D to 2D: microwave-assisted synthesis of electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks with controlled morphologies.

Morphology control of electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (EC-MOFs) can be a powerful means to tune their surface area and carrier transport pathways, particularly beneficial for energy conversion and storage. However, controlling EC-MOFs' morphology is underexplored due to the uncontrollable crystal nucleation and rapid growth kinetics. This work introduces a microwave-assisted strategy to readily synthesize Cu-HHTP (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) with controlled morphologies. We controlled solvent compositions to facilitate particles' directional growth to 1D and 2D crystals. Meanwhile, we found that ultrasonication can manipulate crystal seeding, yielding 0D spherical Cu-HHTP crystals. Electronic conductivity measurements suggest that the isotropic nature of the 0D crystals allows a conductivity of 7.34 × 10-1 S cm-1, much higher than 1D and 2D counterparts. Additionally, the controlled 0D morphology enhanced the material's capacitance and effective surface area and significantly improved its photocurrent response. These findings underscore the pivotal impact of controlled morphology in optimizing EC-MOFs' physicochemical properties.

The Politics of Representation: Arundhati Roy’s Re-framing of Media Narratives in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

In the current global scenario, media discourse has incontestably become one of the most powerful means of constructing the narratives which influence public response to the events occurring in the modern world. When the issue of media power is examined within the overarching paradigm of international media representation of events occurring in countries with a long-standing history of colonization, it becomes clear that earlier Orientalist attitudes are still potent in representing certain populations as inferior to and of lesser value than their Western counterparts. This essay will examine Arundahati Roy’s portrayal of media discourse in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) in the light of Edward Said’s ideas of Orientalism and Judith Butler’s notions of the frames of recognition used in media discourse to show that certain lives are considered more valuable and grievable than others. This essay will also demonstrate how media representation can be placed within the framework of global capitalism with images and stories being circulated according to market demands of global media consumption. Maintaining that Roy’s attitude to media narratives in her novel is ambivalent and complex, this essay will argue that her representation of these media narratives within the larger frame of the novel is a subversive act that makes transparent the assumptions underlying media discourse and power. Spectrum, Volume 18, June 2023: 10-21

The Building of Mathematical Concepts When Solving Mathematical Tasks in Traditional Way and Using Graphing Calculators

This article aims to understand how students learn mathematical concepts related to the study of functions and differential calculus using graphing calculators with the computer algebra system (GCC) and traditional methods. With a qualitative methodology, we show that students can make the transition to mathematical meanings of concepts using both processes.

Scalable control of stem cell fate by riboswitch-regulated RNA viral vector without genomic integration.

Transgene expression in stem cells is a powerful means of regulating cellular properties and differentiation into various cell types. However, existing vectors for transgene expression in stem cells suffer from limitations such as the need for genomic integration, the transient nature of gene expression, and the inability to temporally regulate transgene expression, which hinder biomedical and clinical applications. Here we report a new class of RNA virus-based vectors for scalable and integration-free transgene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The vector is equipped with a small molecule-regulated riboswitch and a drug selection marker that allow temporal regulation of transgene expression and stable maintenance of the vector in proliferating stem cells. We demonstrated the utility of the vector by maintaining the pluripotency of mESCs in a differentiation induction medium by expressing Nanog and inducing myogenic differentiation by triggering Myod1 expression, without altering the mESC genome.

AN ANALYSIS OF AN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK UNDER THE CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE: The representation of the anglophonic world

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is concerned with the investigation and study of different means of power that are perpetrated through the discourse practice. Furthermore, the reproduction and the combat to these hegemonic discourses are concerns to the CDA. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze a textbook, which is academically used in an English Language Course to form English teachers at a university, under the CDA theoretical framework. The inquisitive look of the research is directed to the representations of the anglophonic communities in the analyzed material. From this idea, the general objective of the research was to analyze, from the CDA perspective, the representations of the anglophonic world in the textbook. It was also aimed to investigate the ideology and hegemony that encompass the discourse of the textbook. The Textbook used in this study was The New Framework 2. In order to pursuit the objectives, the Theoretical Framework was based on different CDA theoreticians, such as Fairclough (2001), and Van Dijk (2012). The research was also based on theoreticians from the cultural studies, sociology, history and education (teaching/learning of Foreign Languages), such as Lacoste (2005) and Thompson (2011). The study showed that the Textbook utilized in the research transmits a certain ideology that will be passed on in classrooms; meaning that there is a hegemonic discourse that finds its way to be perpetuated.

Advancements in integral inequalities of Ostrowski type via modified Atangana-Baleanu fractional integral operator.

Convexity and fractional integral operators are closely related due to their fascinating properties in the mathematical sciences. In this article, we first establish an identity for the modified Atangana-Baleanu (MAB) fractional integral operators. Using this identity, we then apply Jensen integral inequality, Young's inequality, power-mean inequality, and Hölder inequality to prove several new generalizations of Ostrowski type inequality for the convexity of . From the primary findings, we also deduced a few new special cases. The results of this investigation are expected to indicate new advances in the study of fractional integral inequalities.

A metabologenomics strategy for rapid discovery of polyketides derived from modular polyketide synthases.

Bioinformatics-guided metabolomics is a powerful means for the discovery of novel natural products. However, the application of such metabologenomics approaches on microbial polyketides, a prominent class of natural products with diverse bioactivities, remains largely hindered due to our limited understanding on the mass spectrometry behaviors of these metabolites. Here, we present a metabologenomics approach for the targeted discovery of polyketides biosynthesized by modular type I polyketide synthases. We developed the NegMDF workflow, which uses mass defect filtering (MDF) supported by bioinformatic structural prediction, to connect the biosynthetic gene clusters to corresponding metabolite ions obtained under negative ionization mode. The efficiency of the NegMDF workflow is illustrated by rapid characterization of 22 polyketides synthesized by three gene clusters from a well-characterized strain Streptomyces cattleya NRRL 8057, including cattleyatetronates, new members of polyketides containing a rare tetronate moiety. Our results showcase the effectiveness of the MDF-based metabologenomics workflow for analyzing microbial natural products, and will accelerate the genome mining of microbial polyketides.

Diversidade genética das características de processamento do café em Coffea canephora

ABSTRACT: With advancements in coffee cultivation, several traits may be considered in selection of plants, which must exhibit a set of favorable characteristics. The outturn index, defined as the relationship between the mass of mature fruit and processed beans, emerges as a key factor influencing productivity. This study characterized the outturn over two harvests of 57 clones marketed in the public domain and 10 registered cultivars. The analysis considers the effects of genotypes, measurements, and genetic progress achieved through plant selection. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, washed samples of cherry coffee were collected considering a completely randomized factorial design for characterization of the effects of genotypes, years, and the genotype × years (GY) interaction. The drying, peeling, and the outturn index were individually assessed. Despite the significant effects of the GY interaction, genotypes demonstrated minimal alterations in their ranking across measurements. Clones with higher outturn, including LB30, BRS1216, LB12, N7, LB10, LB20, BRS3220, and AS5, exhibited an average outturn of 25.51%, reflecting a gain of 12.17%. Conversely, clones with lower outturn, such as BG180, GJ30, GJ20, AS7, AS10, P42, N1, and P60, had an average of 19.15%, indicating a reduction of 14.02% compared to the general mean. Analyzing the distribution of the outturn values, 19.4%, 62.7%, and 17.9% of genotypes were classified as high, medium, and low outturn, respectively, providing valuable insights for optimal cultivation strategies.