Mean IL-6 Research Articles

CYTOPATHOLOGIC AND INTERLEUKIN-10 ASSAY IN UROGENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS INFESTATION AMONG INHABITANTS OF AGBOR, DELTA STATE, NIGE

Schistosomiasis, after malaria is the most important parasite disease in terms of public health impact. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the cytopathologic and interleukin-10 profile in urogenital schistosomiasis among infested individuals regardless of age and sex. Direct urine microscopy, cyto-diagnostic and semi-quantitative diagnosis on urine and serum samples were applied. Voided urine samples were collected into a universal sterile container while venous blood samples were collected into a sterile plain container. The samples were spun using the centrifuge while serum was subjected to interleukin 10 using ELISA kit to check if interleukin 10 were stimulated in serum by agglutination reaction. Results showed that from the two hundred and sixty eight consented volunteers, the mean IL-10 levels were elevated in heavy infestation (399.11 ? 105.01pg/ml) as compared to light (239 ? 10.04 pg/ml) which was statistically not significant (x2 = 2.14, p ?0.05). Increase in IL-10 levels may be a secondary immune response to infestation, while the difference in the mean sera levels of consented volunteers between males (261 ? 121.25 pg/ml) and females (298 ? 106.21 pg/ml) infested with schistosoma haematobium was statistically not significant. Cytodiagnosis revealed interstitial cystitis, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, atypical cytology cells, and nuclear irregularities; without evidence of malignancy or cancerous cells. Micro-haematuria was detected in strip test while urine cytology and direct urine microscopy showed mature eggs of schistosome haematobium. This study suggests that there exist sufficient cytopathologic evidence in human with chronic urogenital schistosomiasis infestation; where IL-10 levels are low or completely absent.

Evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia.

To compare tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in saliva between different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and November 2020. This study included diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with no DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). None of the patients with DM were included in the control group. Unstimulated saliva samples were then collected. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured. Altogether, 120 patients were included in the study (DM without DR, 33 patients; DM with NPDR, 30 patients; DM with PDR, 32 patients; non-DM, 25 patients). The mean IL-6 level in saliva was significantly higher in the DM group (0.033±0.005pg/ml) than in the non-DM group (0.027±0.001pg/ml) (p<0.001 after adjusting for covariates). There was no significant difference in the mean salivary TNF-α between patients with DM and those without DM after adjusting for covariates. The mean IL-6 in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.036±0.003pg/ml) and PDR (0.093±0.023pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.027±0.001pg/ml) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Mean TNF-α in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.086±0.022pg/ml) and PDR (0.093±0.023pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.049±0.011pg/ml) (p=0.015 and p=0.003, respectively). There is an association between inflammatory biomarkers in saliva (IL-6 and TNF-α) and severity of DR among patients with DM, suggesting that these salivary biomarkers are potential biomarkers for screening, monitoring, and predicting the progression of DR.

Association of level of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor-α with rheumatic mitral stenosis and subsequent pulmonary hypertension

Background: Objective of the study was to provide insight on the immune response in patients of rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis and evaluation of various cytokines in pulmonary hypertension secondary to rheumatic heart disease.Methods: Total 163 subjects, more than 18 year of age, were enrolled in this study. 84 subjects with rheumatic mitral stenosis (group A) diagnosed on two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) and 79 normal healthy volunteers (group B). Patients with mitral stenosis were further divided into subgroups based on severity of mitral stenosis [mitral valve area (MVA &gt;1 cm2 and MVA &lt;1 cm2) (subgroup Aa and Ab)] and presence or absence of pulmonary hypertension [pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP &gt;36 mm Hg) (subgroup Ac and Ad)]. Interleukins IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were assessed in both groups.Results: Mean IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP in group A and group B was 6.57±3.53 and 2.73±1 (p≤0.001), 8.185±2.8 and 3.51±0.86 (p≤0.001), 136.31±89.0 and 47.96±9.76 (p≤0.001), 21.26±18.59 and 5.36±3.57 (p≤0.001), 4.69±6.3 and 2.63±2.22 (p≤0.008) respectively. On subgroup analysis mean TNF-α in subgroup Aa was 20.71±16.84, while in subgroup Ab was 7.56±1.93 (p≤0.001). Mean IL-10 in subgroup Ac and Ad was 8.74±3.29 and 7.47±1.82, respectively. Differences in levels of other cytokines in these subgroups were not found statistically significant.Conclusions: This study finds increased IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels in subjects with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Subjects with severe mitral stenosis had increased TNF-α levels. Subjects of mitral stenosis having pulmonary hypertension had increased IL-10 levels.

The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxemia on Left Atrial Remodeling in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a significant risk factor for left atrial (LA) remodeling. Intermittent hypoxemia occurs during the sleep cycle in patients with OSAS and plays a crucial role in cardiovascular pathologies such as stroke, arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease. However, there is very little information about the role of intermittent hypoxemia in LA remodeling in patients with OSAS. In total, 154 patients with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) were prospectively recruited for this study. All enrolled SRBD patients underwent polysomnography and echocardiography. Significant OSAS was defined as an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of ≥10 per hour. Intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation (IHR) stimulation was used to test the effect of hypoxia on the viability, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation-associated cytokine expression in the HL-1 cell line. To investigate the effect of patients’ exosomes on HIF-1 and inflammation-associated cytokine expression, as well as the relationship between ODI and their expression, exosomes were purified from the plasma of 95 patients with SRBD and incubated in HL-1 cells. The LA size was larger in patients with significant OSAS than in those without. There was a significant association between ODI, lowest SpO2, mean SpO2, and LA size (all p < 0.05) but not between the apnea–hypopnea index and LA size. IHR condition caused increased LDH activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis in HL-1 cells and decreased cellular viability (all p < 0.05). The expression of HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β increased in the IHR condition compared with the control (all p < 0.05). The expression of HIF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased in the HL-1 cells incubated with exosomes from those patients with significant OSAS than those without (all p < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between ODI and the expression of HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β; a significantly negative correlation between mean SpO2 and IL-6 and TGF-β; and a significantly negative correlation between the lowest SpO2 and HIF-1α (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, intermittent hypoxemia was strongly associated with LA remodeling, which might be through increased ROS levels, LDH activity, apoptosis, and the expression of HIF-1α and inflammation-associated cytokines.

Blood pressure, inflammation, and quality of life in patients treated with different renal replacement therapies.

Our aim was to determine the relationship between the modality of renal replacement therapy and inflammation markers, BP control, and quality of life (QoL). Sixteen hemodialysis, 17 peritoneal dialysis patients, and 27 kidney transplant receivers (KTr) have been included in this study. Short Form-36 (SF-36) for the evaluation of QoL and ambulatory BP monitoring were performed on the same day. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured. While the mean IL-10, IL-6, and CRP levels were the highest in the dialysis groups, there were no significantly differences any parameters for all groups. QoL was better in the KTr almost as in healthy controls but worse in the dialysis patients. It should be taken into account that hypertension may occur at night even if the daytime BP is normal in KTr.

Цервикальные интраэпиталиальные неоплазии II степени: эффективность противовирусной терапии

Study Objective: To assess the efficacy of an antiviral in the management of HPV-associated cervical stage II intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II), using the analysis of the apoptotic marker levels and cytokine profile — caspase 3 and 9, interferon (INF) γ, interleukin (IL) 18. Study Design: Perspective study. Materials and Methods. We examined 126 women of reproductive age. The study included two groups: controls (40 relatively healthy fertile women without any cervical pathologies and HPV) and a group of 86 women with HPV-associated CIN II. All subjects underwent an examination; and their cytokine response and apoptotic marker level were assessed. All patients in CIN II group had the affect area excised. 43 post-excision women were followed up (sub-group A); other 43 subjects had surgery and an antiviral (sub-group B). The antiviral was administered subcutaneously once daily, 3 injections before and 3 injections after the excision. The primary efficacy criteria were absence of HPV or reduction in the viral load below significant values, and absence of pathology relapses after 6 and 12 months of the study. Study Results. In subjects with CIN II, pre-therapy caspase 3 and 9 levels were significantly higher vs controls; INF-γ was 1.8 times higher than in controls, and mean IL-18 concentration was considerably lower (p &lt; 0.05 in both cases). In sub-groups A and B, caspase 3 and 9 concentration in 3 and 6 months after therapy also differed significantly from controls, and in 6 months, caspase 3 and 9 concentration in sub-group В was considerably lower than in sub-group А. Women in sub-groups А and В demonstrated statistically significant difference in cytokine profile: in both sub-groups, INF-γ concentration in 10 days increased, while in 12 months it almost reached its baseline value. IL-18 in sub-group B in 10 days and 12 months was significantly higher than in sub-group А. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate high HPV elimination and reduction in relapse probability after excision in patients with CIN II with the use of antivirals. Keywords: human papilloma virus, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, caspase 3, caspase 9, apoptosis, cytokines, interleukin18, tumour necrosis factor α, interferon γ, cervical cancer, genetic typing, high risk of cancer.

CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN SERUM.

SUMMARY: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is early childhood hematological malignancies. In present scenario immunophenotyping became an important tool for subtyping of ALL into B-ALL and TALL. In order to understand the mechanism of development of leukemia it is important to study the cytokine environment of malignant cells. OBJECTIVE: Aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical and hematological features in ALL and correlate serum levels of IL6 and IL-10 expression in ALL patients and their subtypes. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: A total of 68 ALL cases along with 20 healthy controls were included in the study between periods of 2015 to 2017. About 4 mL blood samples were collected from all cases for immunophenotyping and serum studies. Levels of IL6 and IL10 were determined in all cases by ELISA. RESULT: In the present study immunphenotyping was done in all cases of ALL, which showed 52 cases (76.5%) of B-ALL and 16 cases (23.5%) of T-ALL. T-ALL was mostly found in higher aged children than B-ALL. A male predominance was seen in all cases. No signicant differences in hemoglobin levels and platelet counts were found between T-ALL and B-ALL. A signicantly high percentage of T-ALL cases were having more than 50000 cells per microliter than B-ALL (56.2% vs. 23.1%). Almost similar clinical features were found in both subgroups, only bleeding manifestation was found signicantly higher in T-ALL than B-ALL (31.2% vs.11.5%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were associated with signicantly elevated serum IL6 and IL10 level than the healthy control group. Mean levels of serum IL6 were 167.9±306.46 pg/mL in ALL, and 6.51 ± 2.27 pg/mL in healthy control group. Mean IL10 levels were 70.56±111.48 pg/mL in ALL and 29.39 ± 4.27 pg/mL in control group. There were no signicant differences found in IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels between T-ALL and B-ALL. CONCLUSION: Present study found elevated level of IL-6 and IL-10 in ALL patients which suggest possible role of these cytokines in disease transformation. Detection of IL-6 and IL-10 in newly diagnosed patient may predict disease outcome and possibly poor prognosis in patients

Are age-related biomarkers of dementia risk accelerated by low educational attainment?

Background: Low education significantly elevates dementia risk but it is not clear whether this is through chronic systemic inflammation, early-onset dementia pathology, or other factors. This project compares biomarkers of inflammation and dementia pathology in a young-old and older cohort. Due to significantly lower education in the young-old cohort, we hypothesized evidence of similar or higher biomarker levels in the young-old cohort compared to the older cohort. &#x0D; Methods: Blood samples were used to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1RA), and the brain biomarkers phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and neurofilament light (NfL). Inflammatory markers were measured at the Considine Lab at the Indiana University School of Medicine using ELISA assays while p-tau and NfL were measured with Simoa assays at the Quanterix lab in Massachusetts. We used the natural logarithm of all biomarker variables to address skewed data. Linear regression was used to investigate race- and gender-adjusted differences in the biomarkers. &#x0D; Results: The young-old cohort (N=42) has a mean age of 62.4, 69.1% are female, and 78.6% are non-Hispanic black (NHB), while the older cohort (N=60) has a mean age of 80.3, 60% are female, and 20% are NHB. Median education in the young-old cohort is 12 vs 16 in the older cohort. Adjusted models showed higher mean CRP (p=0.004) and lower mean IL-10 (p&lt;0.001) in the young-old cohort. TNF- (p &lt;0.001), IL-6 (p=0.021), and IL-1(p=0.017), P-tau (p=0.003), and NfL (p&lt;0.001) were all higher in the older cohort. &#x0D; Conclusion: We found partial support of our hypothesis in that the younger, low education cohort had higher mean CRP and lower mean IL-10 (anti-inflammatory). However, brain biomarkers were higher in the older cohort. More research will be needed to determine if and how low education elevates ADRD risk through systemic inflammation. &#x0D;

The self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of Petiveria alliacea extract reduced the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance value, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α level in diabetic rat models.

Background and Aim:Metaflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, development, and complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This inflammation is associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, the inflammatory pathways have been targeted for pharmacological treatment. Petiveria alliacea can decrease blood glucose levels and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, there are still insufficient data regarding its efficacy for the treatment of DM. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of P. alliacea leaf extract on the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) value and interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model.Materials and Methods:Thirty-five diabetic rat models were randomly divided into five groups. The first group received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW), the second group received it at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, the third group received it at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, the fourth group received 18 mg of metformin, and the fifth group only received the SNEDDS formula. The treatment was administered once a day, orally, for 14 days. On the 15th day after treatment, the rats were sacrificed to obtain blood samples for cardiac examination. The IL-6, TNF-α, and insulin levels in the serum were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The HOMA-IR value was calculated using a formula.Results:The mean IL-6 and TNF-α levels were low in the group that received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract. There was no significant difference in the insulin level in all treatment and control groups. However, a significant difference in the HOMA-IR value was noted between the group that received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract and metformin and the group that did not receive treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion:The SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract reduced the HOMA-IR value and suppressed the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model.

Interleukin – 6 Serum Level and Single Nucleotide Gene -174 G/C promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis / Iraq

Objective: To 1) assess IL-6 levels in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 2) study IL-6 promoter -174 G>C “single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)” as an imminent factor for the disease development. 3) find any relation between the level of serum IL-6 cytokine and other parameters such as age, gender, clinical severity of diseases and “disease activity scores (DAS28)”. Materials & methods: This research was carried out through a case – control approach at “Ibn – Senna Teaching Hospital” in Mosul city between November 2020 and July 2021. It included 61 RA patients diagnosed according to “ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria” and 50 healthy individuals. IL-6 serum levels were ascertained by ELISA and genotyping of IL-6 promoter was accomplished by “sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR)”. Results: Mean IL-6 level in RA (69.42 ng /l ± 62.99) was elevated in comparison to healthy people (14.66 ng /l ± 23.58), P < 0.001. No age or gender effects on IL-6 concentration were noted. The ideal cut-off of IL-6 for discrimination of RA with best discriminative utility compared to healthy controls was 22.80 ng/l. At this value the IL-6 sensitivity was 91.8%, specificity 82.0% and accuracy rate 73.80%. G/G genotype was the most pervasive genotype in both RA patients and controls (70.5% in RA and 64% in healthy controls). However, it did not seem to be a risk factor for RA development compared to G/C or C/C genotypes “(OR = 1.3438, 95% CI=0.605-2.984,P=0.469)”. The mean IL-6 level in patients with GG genotype was (73.70 ng / l ± 71.09) compared to (58.37 ng /l ± 37.86) in patients with GC genotype. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 level between patients with GG and patients with GC genotypes (P = 0.2375). Although higher IL-6 mean concentration was reported in severe RA, however, no significant difference was found between patients with mild, moderate and severe RA respectively. No correlation of serum levels of IL-6 with genetic promoter polymorphism, clinical severity of diseases or DAS 28 score were reported. Conclusion: The concentration of serum IL-6 was elevated in RA in regard to healthy controls which confirmed its pivotal role in RA pathogenesis. Our data did not support the role of IL-6 promoter -174 G> C polymorphism as a risk factor for RA, nor seem to play a major role in the increase of IL-6 level among our patients with RA.

Is there any role of interleukin-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein in predicting IVF/ICSI success? A prospective cohort study.

Studies have established a relationship between proinflammatory factors and implantation failure in IVF/ICSI cycles. Likewise, low-grade chronic inflammation is generally blamed for predisposing infertility. In the present study, we aimed to find a relationship between serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels and IVF/ICSI cycle outcomes. A total of 129 patients who consented to participate and attended the IVF unit of our department for the treatment of infertility have been enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 have been detected at the beginning of the IVF/ICSI ovulation induction cycle. Cycle outcomes have been compared between patients with and without clinical pregnancy achievement following ART treatments. IVF/ICSI cycle outcomes of these two groups were also comparable except the number of >14mm follicles, retrieved oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, and fertilized oocytes (2 pronuclei) which were in favor of the clinical pregnancy group. Mean serum hs-CRP levels were 3.08mg/L (0.12-35.04) and 2.28mg/L (0.09-22.52) patients with and without clinical pregnancy respectively. Mean serum IL-6 levels were 2pg/mL (1-10.2) and 2pg/mL (1-76.9) patients with and without clinical pregnancy respectively. Both tests were found to be statistically insignificant in predicting the success of the ART cycle in terms of implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. In the present study, we have not found any significant effect of hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the IVF cycle. However, in the light of this and previous studies, large-scale research may prove the exact influence of these markers on IVF success.

Human genetic diversity regulating the TLR10/TLR1/TLR6 locus confers increased cytokines in response to Chlamydia trachomatis.

SummaryHuman genetic diversity can have profound effects on health outcomes upon exposure to infectious agents. For infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), the wide range of genital and ocular disease manifestations are likely influenced by human genetic differences that regulate interactions between C. trachomatis and host cells. We leveraged this diversity in cellular responses to demonstrate the importance of variation at the Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR6, and TLR10 locus to cytokine production in response to C. trachomatis. We determined that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1057807), located in a region that forms a loop with the TLR6 promoter, is associated with increased expression of TLR1, TLR6, and TLR10 and secreted levels of ten C. trachomatis-induced cytokines. Production of these C. trachomatis-induced cytokines is primarily dependent on MyD88 and TLR6 based on experiments using inhibitors, blocking antibodies, RNAi, and protein overexpression. Population genetic analyses further demonstrated that the mean IL-6 response of cells from two European populations were higher than the mean response of cells from three African populations and that this difference was partially attributable to variation in rs1057807 allele frequency. In contrast, a SNP associated with a different pro-inflammatory cytokine (rs2869462 associated with the chemokine CXCL10) exhibited an opposite response, underscoring the complexity of how different genetic variants contribute to an individual’s immune response. This multidisciplinary study has identified a long-range chromatin interaction and genetic variation that regulates TLR6 to broaden our understanding of how human genetic variation affects the C. trachomatis-induced immune response.

Effect of tetracycline on IL-1β and IL-6 levels of the peri-implant sulcular fluid.

Background Inflammation in the implant-abutment interface is one of the main factors that can reduce implant stability. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of chlorhexidine, tetracycline, saliva, and a dry environment on the interleukin IL-1β and interleukin IL-6 levels of the gingival groove fluid at the implant-abutment interface.Methods Twenty-four (10 men and 14 women) patients referred to the Faculty of Dentistry for implant treatment, who met the inclusion criteria, were examined. Four different materials were used in each implant, including 2% chlorhexidine, 3% tetracycline, saliva, and a dry medium. Each test material was placed inside the implant screw during the anchorage session, and the healing screw was closed. Patients were then sampled in three implantation sessions and one month after prosthesis delivery. Interstitial fluid groove was used for sampling after cleaning the mouth (half an hour after three minutes of thorough brushing). The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using ANOVA and relevant post hoc tests.Results There was a significant difference in the mean IL-6 and IL-1β levels between the four materials (P<0.05). IL-6β levels were similar in tetracycline and chlorhexidine but significantly higher than in saliva and the dry environment (P<0.05). IL-6 and IL-1β levels in the saliva were significantly higher than in the dry environment (P<0.05).Conclusion The use of tetracycline at the junction of implant and abutment reduces the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β.

Risk and Severity of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) AML or MDS Treated with CD3xCD123 Bispecific Antibody APVO436

Risk and Severity of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) AML or MDS Treated with CD3xCD123 Bispecific Antibody APVO436

The synergistic role of TNFA - 308G/A and IL10 - 1082A/G polymorphisms in ankylosing spondylitis.

Genetic polymorphisms of the cytokine genes could alter their protein expression, thus creating a genetic basis of dysregulated cytokine production and function, which render them as excellent candidates predisposing to autoimmune diseases. We investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at TNFA - 308G/A and IL10 - 1082A/G locus to identify their involvement, separately or in combination, in determining susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), as well as their functional connections with relevant serum cytokines and associations with disease characteristics. Eighty-one AS patients and 215 healthy controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-based method; 76 patients and sex-matched controls were also subjected to analysis of serum TNF-α and IL-10 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We identified the homozygous genotype GG of the TNFA-308 significantly more common in patients than controls; whereas the - 308 minor A-allele predicts a threefold decreased risk against developing AS and shows associations with milder radiographic spinal impairments and functional limitations. This protective effect was multiplied by fivefold in synergistic interaction with the homozygous - 1082AA genotype of the IL10 which acts as a modifying factor, since IL10 - 1082A/G SNPs by itself did not have a significant impact on AS genetic susceptibility. In comparison with controls, AS patients had significantly elevated mean serum TNF-α levels and decreased mean IL-10 concentrations not restricted to any particular genotype. TNFA - 308 A-allele is essential for reducing susceptibility to AS, with a considerable synergistic protective effect of the combined TNF-α - 308 (GA/AA)/IL-10 - 1082AA genotypes. In addition, the presence of this variant allele is associated with more benign clinical phenotype of the disease. No conclusive statements on the functional relevance of both gene variants on cytokines production should be made.

MP37-20 COMPARISON OF CLINICAL OUTCOME, SURGICAL INVASIVENESS, AND COSMETIC RESULTS OF CONVENTIONAL LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY AND REDUCED-PORT SURGERY FOR LIVING DONOR NEPHRECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyRenal Transplantation & Vascular Surgery I (MP37)1 Sep 2021MP37-20 COMPARISON OF CLINICAL OUTCOME, SURGICAL INVASIVENESS, AND COSMETIC RESULTS OF CONVENTIONAL LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY AND REDUCED-PORT SURGERY FOR LIVING DONOR NEPHRECTOMY Mitsuru Saito, Shintaro Narita, Kazuyuki Numakura, Taketoshi Nara, Atsushi Koizumi, Ryohei Yamamoto, Soki Kashima, Shigeru Satoh, and Tomonori Habuchi Mitsuru SaitoMitsuru Saito More articles by this author , Shintaro NaritaShintaro Narita More articles by this author , Kazuyuki NumakuraKazuyuki Numakura More articles by this author , Taketoshi NaraTaketoshi Nara More articles by this author , Atsushi KoizumiAtsushi Koizumi More articles by this author , Ryohei YamamotoRyohei Yamamoto More articles by this author , Soki KashimaSoki Kashima More articles by this author , Shigeru SatohShigeru Satoh More articles by this author , and Tomonori HabuchiTomonori Habuchi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002046.20AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Reduced-port surgery (RPS) for living donor nephrectomy (LDN) is challenging. Whether RPS is less invasive than conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) using several ports is unclear. LDN is an optimal model for evaluating surgical invasiveness by measurement of circulating inflammatory cytokine levels, because renal transplant donors are not affected by disease status. In this study, we compared the clinical outcome, surgical invasiveness, and cosmetic results of CLS and RPS for LDN. METHODS: We enrolled 137 donors (the CLS group; 64, and the RPS group; 73) who underwent LDN in our hospital. The RPS group included 41 donors undergoing single-port surgery (SPS) and 32 donors undergoing surgery through a single port plus one additional 5-mm port. Evaluation of both surgical techniques included comparison of conventional clinical parameters and preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 1-day postoperative levels of the following circulating inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70. More than 1 year after surgery, cosmetic results were assessed for all donors by the Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ). RESULTS: The frequency of performance of right nephrectomy was significantly lower in the RPS group than in the CLS group (6/64 vs. 1/73, p=0.03). Other clinical parameters in the RPS group, including the frequency of surgical complications and incidence of delayed graft function, were comparable to those in the CLS group. The immediate and 1-day postoperative mean serum IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the CLS group than in the RPS group (p<0.001 for both days). The 1-day postoperative mean serum TNF-α (p=0.02) and IL-8 (p=0.01) levels were also significantly higher in the CLS group than in the RPS group. The mean serum IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-8 levels were not associated with IL-6 levels, duration of surgery, or estimated intraoperative blood loss. Among young and middle-aged women, PSAQ scores indicated that donors undergoing RPS were significantly more satisfied with the cosmetic results than were donors undergoing CLS. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between the results of the two surgical techniques for LDN in conventional clinical parameters related to surgical invasiveness. Although the inflammatory cytokine response suggested that RPS was less invasive than CLS, the clinical outcome indicates that the two techniques were equally effective as minimally invasive surgeries. Young and middle-aged woman donors were more satisfied with the cosmetic results of RPS than with those of CLS. Source of Funding: None © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e654-e654 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Mitsuru Saito More articles by this author Shintaro Narita More articles by this author Kazuyuki Numakura More articles by this author Taketoshi Nara More articles by this author Atsushi Koizumi More articles by this author Ryohei Yamamoto More articles by this author Soki Kashima More articles by this author Shigeru Satoh More articles by this author Tomonori Habuchi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endothelial Alteration in Patients with Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Abstract Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), having a direct effect in promoting the progression and rupture of vulnerable coronary plaques. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory biomarkers and the type of ACS (ST-elevation myocardial infarction – STEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction – NSTEMI, or unstable angina – UA) in patients with confirmed heart failure. Material and Methods: This study included a total of 266 patients admitted to the Clinical Department of Cardiology of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Târgu Mureș – Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) for ACS of various types (UA, NSTEMI or STEMI) between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020, in whom the diagnosis of heart failure was established based on clinical and paraclinical data. From the total number of patients, 36 were hospitalized for UA and 230 for MI, of which 165 were STEMI and 65 were NSTEMI. Results: Only hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in MI compared to UA. Mean hs-CRP was 4.9 ± 4.5 mg/mL in patients with UA vs. 20.4 ± 42.2 mg/mL in patients with MI (p = 0.001), and mean IL-6 was 7.2 ± 13.8 pg/mL in UA vs. 31.6 ± 129.2 pg/mL in MI (p &lt;0.0001). ICAM seems to have had a greater discriminating power between STEMI and other types of ACS in those with heart failure, having a value more than double in those with STEMI (216.1 ± 149.6 ng/mL vs. 448.2 ± 754.4 ng/mL, p &lt;0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with heart failure, the increase of inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP is associated with the development of an acute myocardial infarction but not with its type. Adhesion molecules, especially ICAM, are elevated in patients with STEMI compared to other types of ACS, indicating a potential role of endothelial alteration in the development of an ACS when it adds to systemic inflammation linked to heart failure.

Levels of Interleukin 6 as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenic Patients Receiving Combination Therapy of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that causes disability and is often accompanied by physical illness. Based on the American Heart Association criteria, metabolic syndrome is common in schizophrenic patients, with a prevalence of 43% in Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness. The metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia results from the side effects of antipsychotics. The metabolic syndrome will also show high levels of IL-6. This situation can have biological implications, which can then affect the health of schizophrenic patients. AIM: This study aims to determine serum IL-6 levels as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in patients with metabolic syndrome due to side effects of using antipsychotic therapy. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was not randomized, with the number of subjects was 28 schizophrenic patients who were evenly divided into two groups, namely, the group receiving atypical and typical combination therapy. Therapy was given to both groups for 3 months, and measurements and checks of bodyweight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, BMI, TG, GDP, and Il-6 levels were carried out at baseline and 3rd month. Comparative and correlation tests were carried out between groups. RESULTS: Some schizophrenic patients were categorized as metabolic syndrome and not a metabolic syndrome in both therapy groups (p &lt; 0.020). However, atypical antipsychotic drug combinations are more likely to experience the metabolic syndrome. There was a change in the mean Il-6 levels at baseline and the 3rd month in both groups (p &lt; 0.0001). There was a more excellent mean value of IL-6 levels at 3rd month with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. There was a greater mean value of IL-6 levels at third month with metabolic syndrome compared with those without metabolic syndrome in the haloperidol and chlorpromazine groups (p &lt;0.005), the risperidone and clozapine groups (p &lt;0.002). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is more common in schizophrenic patients receiving atypical than typical combination therapy. The body’s response to the metabolic syndrome results in an increase in IL-6 levels due to an inflammatory process in visceral fat which accumulates due to weight gain due to the administration of antipsychotics. In schizophrenic patients with metabolic syndrome, IL-6 levels are higher than those without metabolic syndrome, so that IL-6 levels can be used as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic therapy.

CIRCULATING LEVEL OF INTERLEUKIN 6 IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME

Background: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune systemic disorder that carries many mortality and morbidity. Many cytokines come up in APS; IL6 is one of this cytokines. Objective: Assessing Circulating Level of Interleukin 6 (IL 6) and its relations to thrombotic risk in patients with primary APS. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on sixty patients suffering antiphospholipid syndrome, and thirty healthy volunteers as a control. They were selected from inpatient and outpatient clinic of Internal Medicine and Unit of Immunology Departments from Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Al-Hussein, New Damietta and Al-Azhar University Hospitals), during the period from November 2017 to December 2019. They were divided into three equal groups: Group A; suffering from primary APS, Group B; suffering from secondary APS, Group C; healthy normal volunteers as a control group. All patients and controls were subjected to complete history, clinical assessment and laboratory investigations. Serum level of interleukin-6 was assessed. Results: There was a statistical significant increase in IL6 among patients with 1ry APS as well as patients with 2ry APS. The commonest presentation among our studied patients with 1ry APS was venous thrombosis (17%) arterial thrombosis (9%) and unexplained abortion (10%). The significant signs that were detected on general examination of those patients were livedo reticularis (10%), Raynoud phenomen (15%) and purpuric eruption (13%). As regard 2ry APS, the commonest presentation among studied patients was venous thrombosis (23%) arterial thrombosis (24%) and unexplained abortion (12%). The significant signs detected on general examination of those patients were livedo reticularis (6%), Raynoud phenomen (10%), and purpuric eruption (13%). As regard the mean IL-6, there was a high significant difference between 1ry APS, 2ry APS and control groups (P<0.001). This study showed a positive correlation of IL-6 with arterial thrombosis among patients with 1ry APS. No correlation was detected between IL-6 and arterial thrombosis among patients with 2y APS. Regarding the correlation between venous thrombosis and IL-6 in patients with 1ry APS and 2ry APS, there were no statistically significant positive correlations as regard IL6. Conclusion: IL-6 was found in patients to be elevated with primary APS. Serum IL-6 was showed to be positively correlated with arterial thrombosis.

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA AND ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AS A CIRCULATORY BIOMARKER: A CROSS-SECTION STUDY

Background: Despite reported link between OSA and systemic inflammation, results are indecisive so far for different inflammatory markers to evaluate the casual relation with OSA and its co-morbidities. Objective of this study was to assess the relationship of inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its severity among Pakistani population. Methodology: A total of 180 subjects (55 without apnoea, 33 mild, 34 moderate, and 58 with severe apnoea) were analysed in this cross-sectional study, between Dec 2018 and Jan 2020 in Dow University Hospital, Karachi. Apnoea was confirmed and subjects were grouped on the basis of Apnoea Hypopnea Index (AHI) by overnight Polysomnography. Plasma IL-6 was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way ANOVA was used for comparison. Potential effect of age and BMI was controlled using ANCOVA and effect size was reported as partial eta squared. Results: Mean IL-6 levels were associated with severity of apnoea with 4.72±1.50 pg/ml, 21.08±6.83 pg/ml, 25.41±7.97 pg/ml and 26.96±7.39 pg/ml in no OSA, mild, moderate and severe OSA respectively, with statistically significant difference between all groups except between moderate and severe OSA. After controlling the potential effect of age and BMI still yielded a significant positive association between severity of OSA and IL-6 levels (effect size (partial ?2) of 59% (p&lt;0.001)). Conclusion: Higher Interleukin-6 levels were observed in OSA and associated with its severity. It could provide a feasible method to improve timely diagnosis of OSA and can point toward presence of a more severe clinical phenotype. Pak J Physiol 2021;17(2):15–9