Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Values Research Articles

HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AS PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS FOR SUCCESSFUL REHABILITATION IN CONFISCATED TEMMINCK'S PANGOLINS (SMUTSIA TEMMINCKII).

The establishment of prognostic indicators in wildlife patients aids clinical decision-making and resource allocation. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated as potential prognostic indicators in wild Temminck's pangolins (Smutsia temminckii) rescued from the illegal wildlife trade. In this prospective cohort study, EDTA and lithium heparin blood samples were collected from the ventral coccygeal vein in 41 pangolins within 48 h of confiscation and before veterinary intervention. Receiving operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess each parameter as a prognostic indicator for release outcome and, where known, for 28 d survival postadmission. RBC counts, hemoglobin concentration, and Hct were significantly lower in female than in male pangolins. On intake, pangolins that later failed to be released had significantly lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and higher creatinine (Crea) values than individuals that were released. Individuals with lower MCHC or higher Crea values were also less likely to achieve 28-d survival. No pangolin with MCHC < 30.2 g/dl, BUN > 84 mg/dl, or Crea > 0.8 mg/dl was successfully rehabilitated. No other hematological or biochemical parameter, including plasma cortisol, total protein, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose, showed significant prognostic value. This study suggests that MCHC, BUN, and Crea measured on intake are useful prognostic indicators for rehabilitation success and MCHC and Crea for short-term survival in Temminck's pangolins.

Biological variation and analytical performance specification study of erythrocyte and related parameters

Objective: To study biological variation (BV) and analytical performance specifications (APS) of 15 erythrocyte and related parameters. Methods: Sixty healthy participants from Beijing Hospital were prospectively recruited for the study, from July to December, 2023, including 30 males [aged (41.3±11.9) years] and 30 females [aged (40.3±12.4) years]. The study was designed based on the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist and the characteristics of erythrocyte detection. Whole blood samples were collected 10 times at 2-week intervals during 20 weeks. All samples were tested in duplicate using Mindray BC-7500 hematology analyzer and its accompanying reagents. Within-subject biological variation (CVI) and between-subject biological variation (CVG) were estimated by the nested ANOVA method. The BV data in this study were compared with the BV data of the European Database of Biological Variation. APS, reference change value (RCV) and index of individuality (II) were calculated. Results: The CVI for 15 parameters ranged from 0.49% to 86.46%, and the CVI data for red cell distribution width (RDW)-CV, RDW-SD, reticulocyte (RET) percentage, RET count, reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RHE), medium fluorescence reticulocyte (MFR) and high fluorescence reticulocyte (HFR) were significantly higher in females than in males (all P<0.05). The CVG ranged from 1.27% to 100.79%, and the CVG data for HFR were significantly different between genders (P<0.05). The CVI data for red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and RHE in this study were lower than those recommended by the European database. The derived indicators of most parameters were influenced by gender. The II values for all parameters were<1.4, where the II values of MCHC and HFR were between 0.6 and 1.4; the II values for the remaining 13 parameters were<0.6. Conclusions: A BV study protocol for erythrocyte parameters is designed. When the reference intervals differ between genders, BV data should be calculated separately and the lower BV data are recommended for calculating APS; the RCV should be set separately for each gender.

Hematobiochemical Changes, Immunological Response and Immune Gene Expression in Nile Tilapia (Oreochrom niloticus) Experimentally Infected with Shewanella putrefaciens

Background: In this work, hematobiochemical changes, immunological responses, and histopathological changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) experimentally infected with Shewanella putrefaciens were studied. Methods: O. niloticus was experimentally infected with S. putrefaciens (4SK/SRLFDA/19) at a concentration of 1.508×106CFU/ml per fish. Gross symptoms, namely hemorrhage on the body surface, skin discoloration, slow or nervous behavior, shallow necrotizing ulcers on the skin, fin erosions and abdominal distension were observed 5 to 6 days after infection. Fish were anesthetized and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 20 and 27 days after the experimental infection to assess the hematobiochemical and immunological responses. For haematobiochemical responses, tests that included hemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte count (Lc), erythrocyte, hematocrite (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), cholesterol (CHO), glucose (GLU) and triglyceride were assessed. Result: Values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, albumin, globulin, erythrocyte, MCHC, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased. Lc, MCV, MCH, and glucose values were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased. Respiratory burst activity (RBA) and serum total protein values were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased. Relative expression of immune gene toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), stress genes heat shock proteins 70, 90 (HSP70, HSP90), oxidative stress gene glutathione S-transferases (GST) and inflammatory gene interleukin 6 (IL6) was significantly higher in experimentally infected fishes compared to control.

A-143 Comparative Evaluation of K2EDTA Performance in Multinational Vacutainers: A Case Study of “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson

Abstract Background This research paper presents a thorough comparison of the anticoagulant properties of K2EDTA in two multinational vacutainer brands, “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson, with a specific focus on critical hematological parameters. The study encompassed the analysis of 50 samples, spanning a wide range of values from 60 fl to 110 fl, evaluating key parameters such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count. Methods Peripheral blood samples were gathered from 50 outpatient participants using the specified tubes. The samples underwent assessment for six hematological analytes, including RBC Count, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Comparative analysis was performed using the paired t-test. Differences exceeding the total allowable error were considered clinically significant. To assess stability, initial results were compared with those obtained from samples preserved for a duration of 2 hours Results Our findings indicate that the use of “DBO” vacutainers resulted in slightly higher values for Hb, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and RBC count compared to the “BD” vacutainers. Notably, the statistical significance was observed in MCV, HCT, and MCHC across nearly all samples, while Hb and RBC parameters showed no significant changes. Given the crucial role of K2EDTA as an anticoagulant in maintaining the hypotonicity of Red Blood Cells (RBCs), ensuring accurate hematological analyses is imperative. Conclusions Although the T-value for Hemoglobin did not exhibit statistical significance, the study identified notable differences in Hematocrit (HCT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). This underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate vacutainer brand to ensure reliability and accuracy in hematological measurements, particularly when assessing MCV, where even slight variations can carry clinical implications. The results underscore the necessity for clinicians and laboratories to carefully consider the choice of vacutainers based on their specific requirements and the critical nature of the hematological parameters under analysis.

Hematological biomarkers of systemic inflammation in predicting long-term treatment response of temporomandibular disorders

BackgroundChronic systemic inflammation has been proposed as the underlying mechanism of pain chronicity in several pain conditions. In spite of the growing evidence supporting the role of systemic inflammatory markers as a diagnostic tool, their role has not been analyzed in a well-defined group of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients until now. This study aimed to investigate the association between various clinical features and comorbidity levels of TMD in relation to hematological markers and seek its association with long-term treatment response.MethodsClinical features and hematological indices including those for systemic inflammation were assessed in TMD patients (n = 154). Examinations were re-done after 6 months of conservative treatment. Patients were divided into pain improved and unimproved groups based on ≥ 2 numeric rating scale improvement in pain intensity at 6 months for final analysis.ResultsThe portion of patients with low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p = 0.026), total protein (p = 0.014), hemoglobin (p = 0.040), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.042) values showed significant differences according to prognosis groups. Low hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with unfavorable response to long-term treatment (β = 1.706, p = 0.018). High pre-treatment pain intensity (β=-0.682, p < 0.001) and low Graded Chronic Pain Scale (β = 1.620, p = 0.002) could predict significant pain improvement with long-term treatment.ConclusionsHematologic assessment could be considered in addition to clinical examination to better determine long-term prognosis in TMD patients.

Does the frequency of hunting dogs’ activity influence their oxidative stress status subsequent to endurance?

Oxidative stress is implied in various pathological conditions in both humans and animals, and recent studies have suggested its role in performance, recovery, immunity, and health. This study’s objective was to investigate whether the higher frequency of activity by hunting dogs influences the oxidative stress indicators subsequent to endurance. The research involved forty-one hunting dogs, with equal representations of Alpine Brack Dachshund, Istrian Coarse-Haired Hound, and Posavina Hound. The dogs were categorized into higher frequency activity (n=22) and lower frequency activity (n=19) groups. Endurance was defined as a wild-boar hunt lasting for eight hours at an outside air temperature amounting to 10°C. Endurance had an impact on several parameters: an increased white blood cell count, neutrophils, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values, but decreased values of eosinophils and lymphocytes. Non-enzymatic biochemical indicators revealed higher energy expenditure (decreased glucose, total protein, and albumin concentration), hemoconcentration (decreased iron concentration), and elevated enzyme activity (AST, ALT, ALP, and CK-MB) but lower catalase activity. In terms of activity frequency, enzyme biomarker activity showed significant differences. ALT activity in both low- and high-frequency activity canines was notably higher (P&lt;0.05) post-endurance compared to pre-endurance levels. ALP activity was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) post intense physical activity in higher frequency activity canines, yet lower (P&lt;0.05) in lower activity frequency canines compared to their pre-endurance status. In conclusion, both tested canine groups demonstrated notable signs of oxidative stress subsequent to endurance, without differences between activity frequencies.

Effect on performance, serum biochemistry and haematological components of feeding “japanese quails” phytogenic feed additions comprising Megaphrynium macrostachyum leaves

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect on performance, serum biochemistry and haematological components of feeding quails phytogenic feed additions comprising Megaphrynium macrostachyum leaves. A total of 400-1 day old “japanese quails” were randomly distributed into five treatments and each treatment had four replicates (20 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Basal diets were adequate in all nutrients and quails in treatment 1 was fed basal diet with no antibiotics, treatment 2 was fed basal diet supplemented with neomycin at 0.2 g/kg-1 while treatment 3, 4 and 5 were fed basal diet supplemented with M. macrostachyum leaf meal (MML) at 2 g, 4 g and 6 g/kg-1 respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days, feed and fresh clean water were offered ad libitum. Experimental result showed that MML contained several phyto-constituents viz: tannins (318.62 mg/g-1), terpenoids (620.11 mg/g-1), flavonoids (1205.3 mg/g-1), steroids (51.79 mg/g-1), glycosides (42.55 mg/g1-), alkaloids (200.8 mg/g-1) and phenols (1402.4 mg/g-1). Average daily weight gain was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in treatment 4 (3.00 g/bird-1) and 5 (3.02 g/bird-1) relative to the other treatments. Similarly, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in treatment 4 and 5, intermediate in treatment 2 and lowest in treatment 1 and 2. Mortality was recorded only among birds in treatment 1 (2.56%) and 2 (1.16%) (P &lt; 0.05). Red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, pack cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes and heterophil values were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by the treatments except for monocyte count (P &gt; 0.05). Total protein, Creatinine, alanine phosphatase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) influenced by the diet. However, all values were within the established ranges for healthy quails. In conclusion, MML can be supplemented up to 6 g/kg-1 in the diet of quails without causing any deleterious effect on the health status and performance of birds.

Evaluation of Age and Gender-Related Patterns in Clinical Features and Hematological Findings Among Hypothyroidism Patients in the Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia: A Hospital-Based Study.

The prevalence of hypothyroidism is high in Saudi Arabia and the contributing factors are iodine deficiency and lack of balanced nutrition. This study aims to correlate the gender, age, and presence of co-morbidities with the laboratory findings and clinical presentation. A cross-sectional study was done in the hospitals of the Al-Jouf region. The files of the patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism from the last two years were retrieved by non-probability consecutive sampling technique.IBMSPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23, (Released 2015;IBMCorp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and proportions (for qualitative variables) and mean and standard deviation (SD) (for continuous data). Associated factors were identified through a chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the patients were females within the age group of 36 to 50 years. Significant differences were observed between male and female patients with respect to the FT4 levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, and RBC counts (p-values of <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed between male and female patients in the TSH levels and hematocrit values. Most of the patients were euthyroid (77.24%). The pattern of thyroid function status did not show significant differences with respect to the gender of participants and the different age groups (p-values of 0.447 and 0.775, respectively). The most common co-morbidities observed were diabetes and hypertension. No significant association between the co-morbidities and the pattern of thyroid function status was observed. The most common symptoms were epigastric pain, fatigue, constipation, drowsiness, altered bowel habits, and weight gain. This hospital-based study provides valuable insights into some epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and hematological findings in hypothyroidism patients of the Al-Jouf region. Significant differences were observed between male and female patients with respect to the FT4 levels, Hb levels, MCV, MCH, MCHC values, and RBC counts. The findings strengthen the existing knowledge base and emphasize the importance of timely detection and management of hypothyroidism in this population. Implementation of salt iodination programs and a timely evaluation of the hematological parameters is recommended. Further research is warranted to delve into the hidden mechanisms and long-term ramifications of hematological changes associated with hypothyroidism.

Increased MCHC*RDW-SD interaction values: indicators of neurological impairment in lead-poisoned children.

The neurotoxic effects of lead in children can have long-lasting and profound impacts on the developing nervous system. This study aimed to identify a reliable and easily accessible biomarker to monitor neurological impairment in lead-poisoned children. We analyzed hematological data from 356 lead-poisoned children, comparing them with age and gender-matched healthy controls. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed to identify and evaluate potential biomarkers for neurological damage. Significant changes in erythrocyte parameters were observed in lead-poisoned children. Upon further analysis, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) interaction values were found to be significantly associated with neurological impairment. The MCHC*RDW-SD interaction model demonstrated an AUC of 0.76, indicating its effectiveness in reflecting neurological damage. Additionally, the MCHC*RDW-SD Interaction value showed weak or no correlation with other erythrocyte parameters, suggesting its independence as an indicator. Our findings propose the increased MCHC*RDW-SD interaction value as a robust and independent biomarker for detecting neurological impairment in lead-poisoned children. This underscores the potential of utilizing specific erythrocyte parameters for screening the neurotoxic effects of lead exposure in pediatric populations.

Comparative impacts of Saudi Arabian and Egyptian Aspergillus flavus-associated Aflatoxin B1 on rats

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogenic secondary metabolite of filamentous Aspergillus species. This study investigated the effects of Saudi Arabian (local) and Egyptian (imported) Aspergillus flavus-associated AFB1 on rats (hematological parameters, liver, and kidneys). Saudi Arabian and Egyptian A. flavus-associated AFB1 (0.5 mg/kg) were separately fed to two groups of five rats each for 21 days. The control group (5 rats) was fed water and a basal pellet diet for 21 days (a total of 15 rats, 5 rats in each treated group and 5 rats as control). The blood samples from the rats in all the groups were subsequently examined for complete blood count (CBC) data [red blood cell (RBC), neutrophil, and platelet counts; basophil counts; eosinophil, hemoglobin (Hb) content; monocyte, lymphocyte, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) counts; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); and white blood cell (WBC)]. Liver function was assessed by examining the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin in all groups. The kidney function test was based on the levels of uric acid, urea, creatinine, and urea. AFB1-induced histopathological changes were observed under a light microscope. One-way ANOVA coupled with Tukey’s LSD test revealed that AFB1 in both isolates (Saudi Arabian and Egyptian) significantly decreased the RBC count, whereas a significant increase in the platelet, WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts was noted. Compared with the control treatment, Saudi Arabian AFB1 treatment significantly reduced the MCH and MCHC values. The serum levels of AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine were significantly greater in the Saudi Arabian AFB1-treated group than in the other two groups, whereas the level of ALB was significantly lower in this group than in the Current Research in Environmental &amp; Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) 14(1): 356–370 (2024) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article Doi 10.5943/cream/14/1/18 357 Egyptian AFB1-treated group and controls. Histological examination of the liver revealed central vein dilatation and congestion of the portal area with leucocyte infiltration in both AFB1-treated groups, which led to substantial cell mortality. Both AFB1 treatments caused hypertrophied hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei and granular vacuolated cytoplasm. The AFB1-treated groups presented marked renal damage characterized by cupping of Bowman's capsule, glomerular membrane disruption, and tubular damage. However, adverse effects were more severe in the Saudi Arabian AFB1-treated group. Both AFB1 treatments induced hematological and organ toxicity in rats. However, the toxicity of Saudi Arabian A. flavus-associated AFB1 was more pronounced than that of Egyptian A. flavus-associated AFB1. The findings of the current study may help improve hygiene measures to lower mycotoxin contamination in commercial food products, as well as emphasise the health hazards posed by A. flavus-contaminated household foodstuffs.

Evaluation of Iron Status in Children Presenting with Febrile Seizure in a Tertiary Health-care Facility

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and febrile seizures (FS) in children. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 cases of FS in children between the ages of 6 and 60 months, including both simple and complex FS. Children in the same age range who had a fever but no seizures made up the control group. The various hematological parameters reflecting the iron status, including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red-cell distribution width (RDW), serum ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), were evaluated in both groups to ascertain the relationship between the iron status and the FS. Results: Male-female ratio in children with and without FS were 1.2:1 and 1.3:1, with a mean age of 25.16 ± 11.75 and 24.37 ± 11.75 months, respectively. Age and gender distribution were comparable between the two groups (P = 0.719 and P = 0.851, respectively). The mean values for Hb, MCV, MCHC, RDW, ferritin, and TIBC among children who had FS were 11.030.98 g/dL, 66.1810.97 fl, 32.421.38 pg/L, 14.881.13, 46.5432.64 ng/mL, and 419.7672.49 g/dL, respectively. In contrast, the readings for the control group’s children were 11.91 0.78, 67.94 11.06 fl, 32.80 0.60 pg/L, 14.16 1.01, 59.20 27.52 ng/mL, and 378.65 60.87 g/dL, respectively. Except for the mean MCV, each of these variances was statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that IDA is a major risk factor for FS since it was more common in the case group than in the control group.

THE COMPARISON OF MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (MCHC) VALUES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND ELECTRIC SMOKERS IN KEMBARAN DISTRICT

Smoking is a frequent and hazardous activity for health as it can lead to various diseases include lung cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is known to cause an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values. With the advancement of time, types of cigarettes can be classified into conventional and electric cigarettes. This study aims to compare the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values between conventional and electric smokers in Kembaran District. This study uses an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 26 male respondents, aged 17-25 years, who are conventional smokers and electric smokers in Kembaran Sub-District, selected using purposive sampling. MCHC values were measured using a hematology analyzer and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this study show a comparison of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values in conventional smokers and electric smokers in Kembaran District. This is evidenced by the p-value of 0.000 (p 0.05).

The Clinical Usefulness of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration in Patients with Pneumoconiosis.

We investigated the clinical usefulness of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in patients with pneumoconiosis. We retrospectively investigated the medical records from 52 patients with pneumoconiosis, and erythrocyte parameters were analyzed in pneumoconiosis patients with different stages. Here, we found that the values of MCHC were significantly lower in III stage pneumoconiosis than those with I/II stage (p = 0.024), and there was no significantly difference in MCHC between smoking pneumoconiosis patients and non-smoking pneumoconiosis patients. A negatively correlation between MCHC and disease stage was observed in patients with pneumoconiosis (r = -0.298, p = 0.032). In multiple linear regression analysis, the MCHC was found to be independently associated with advanced pneumoconiosis in patients with pneumoconiosis (p=0.011). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that decreased MCHC was an independent risk factor of advanced pneumoconiosis in patients with pneumoconiosis (OR: 0.936, CI95%: 0.877-0.999, p = 0.046). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of MCHC was 330 g/L to identify advanced pneumoconiosis with the area under the curve of 0.694 (CI95%:0.550-0.839, p = 0.018). The decreased MCHC is associated with advanced pneumoconiosis, and MCHC may be used as a monitoring marker for follow-up of pneumoconiosis patients.

Effect of Sundried Cassava Peel Meal-Based Diet Supplemented with Quadraxyme® on Performance and Blood Profile of Grower Boar Pigs

Introduction: Monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry cannot handle cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which form the major components of agro-industrial products. This feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the responses of growing boar-fed sundried cassava peel meal (CPM)-based diet supplemented with the enzyme. Materials and methods: Thirty-two growing boars (Large white x Landrace), eleven weeks old with an average weight of 25.00 ± 0.30 kg, were allocated randomly to dietary treatments. A basal diet was compounded containing 48% sundried CPM. The dietary treatments were T1 (control) supplemented with 0.0g/100g, and other treatments, including T2, T3, and T4, received 0.5g/100kg, 1.5g/100g, and 2.0g/100g levels of Quadraxyme® supplementation, respectively. Quadraxyme® is a product of Quadragen Veterinary Health Private Limited. Quadraxyme® contains amylase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, lipase, arabinose, α-galactosidase, and β -glucosidase. Results: This study showed significant differences in average feed intakes and daily weight gains across the dietary treatments. Pigs in the T4 group had the highest weight gain, followed by those in T2 and T3 groups, while the minor weight gain was in the diet with no enzyme supplementation. The dietary treatments significantly influenced hematological parameters in almost all the studied indices. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values of pigs fed the T1 diet recorded significantly higher MCHC and a reduction in concentrations of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and a slight increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) concentration. The dietary treatments did not affect the total blood protein and albumin levels of the growing pigs enrolled in this investigation. The result showed that the levels of enzyme supplementation to the SDCPM-based diet did not significantly influence the electrolytes of the growing boars. The PO42- increased in enzyme-supplemented diets, and group T4 supplemented with 0.20g/100kg of the enzyme recorded the highest PO42- value (6.79mg/100ml) among the other groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that including 0.20g/100kg in a 48% sundried CPM-based diet for growing pigs enhanced growth and feed conversion, improved phosphorus utilization, and had no adverse effects on growth and blood parameters.

Effects of a Maximal Exercise Followed by a Submaximal Exercise Performed in Normobaric Hypoxia (2500 m), on Blood Rheology, Red Blood Cell Senescence, and Coagulation in Well-Trained Cyclists.

Acute normoxic exercise impacts the rheological properties of red blood cells (RBC) and their senescence state; however, there is a lack of data on the effects of exercise performed in hypoxia on RBC properties. This crossover study compared the effects of acute hypoxia vs. normoxia on blood rheology, RBC senescence, and coagulation during exercise. Nine trained male cyclists completed both a session in normoxia (FiO2 = 21%) and hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.3% ≈ 2500 m). The two sessions were randomly performed, separated by one week, and consisted of an incremental and maximal exercise followed by a 20 min exercise at the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) on a home-trainer. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to analyze hematological parameters, blood rheology (hematocrit, blood viscosity, RBC deformability and aggregation), RBC senescence markers (phosphatidylserine (PS) and CD47 exposure, intraerythrocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium content), and blood clot viscoelastic properties. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and blood lactate were also measured. In both conditions, exercise induced an increase in blood viscosity, hematocrit, intraerythrocyte calcium and ROS content, and blood lactate concentration. We also observed an increase in blood clot amplitude, and a significant drop in SpO2 during exercise in the two conditions. RBC aggregation and CD47 exposure were not modified. Exercise in hypoxia induced a slight decrease in RBC deformability which could be related to the slight increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). However, the values of RBC deformability and MCHC after the exercise performed in hypoxia remained in the normal range of values. In conclusion, acute hypoxia does not amplify the RBC and coagulation changes induced by an exercise bout.

Hierarchy Establishment in Growing Finishing Pigs: Impacts on Behavior, Growth Performance, and Physiological Parameters.

In recent years, an increased number of studies have dealt with the analysis of social dominance related to animal behavior, physiology, and performance. This study aimed to investigate whether hierarchical ranking affects the coping style, non-social behavior during open field and novel object tests, performance, and physiological parameters of pigs. A total of 48 growing pigs (24 barrows and 24 females) were mixed three times during the growing-finishing period. The social and non-social behaviors of pigs were directly noted, and three behavioral tests were performed during the experimental period. Performance and physiological parameters were also recorded. Statistical analysis considered hierarchical classification (dominant vs. intermediary vs. subordinate) and p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. After three regroupings, the pigs in different hierarchical classifications showed no change in hair cortisol values and open-field and novel object tests. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte values increased in intermediary pigs, and the lowest counts were found in pigs classified as dominants. Furthermore, dominant pigs visited the feeder more but spent shorter time there compared to subordinate and intermediary pigs. Our results suggest that hierarchical classification influenced feeding behavior and physiological parameters without affecting cortisol values and growth performance, demonstrating a possible compensation skill.

Molecular detection of Babesia ovis and blood parameters' investigation reveal hematological and biochemical alterations in babesiosis-infected Lohi sheep in Multan, Pakistan.

Babesia infections in sheep can cause a wide range of clinical and laboratory presentations. Changes in blood parameters are a meaningful manifestation of physiological and pathological changes in an organism. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze and compare hematological and biochemical parameters between blood profiles of Lohi sheep naturally infected and uninfected with Babesia ovis, the main causative agent of ovine babesiosis. Initially, blood and serum samples from 67 Lohi sheep were collected, DNA was extracted and babesial infection was detected through polymerase chain reaction. The overall infection rate of B. ovis was 37% (25/67). Sixteen infected (experiment group) and 16 uninfected (control group) sheep that were apparently healthy with no history of previous treatment for babesiosis, were selected for hemato-biochemical analysis. Blood samples were analyzed through an automatic CBC analyzer, while serum collected from gel vacutainers was analyzed for blood urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and total bilirubin. Each parameter was compared between infected and uninfected animals using a paired t-test in Minitab Express™ software for statistical analyses. Erythron comparison showed a highly significant ( p < 0.0001) decrease in RBC, hemoglobin, and Hct. A nonsignificant increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), and RDW-standard deviation (RDW-SD), while a nonsignificant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC) values was recorded in infected sheep. Leukon comparison showed a significantly low level of total leukocyte (p < 0.001) in infected sheep. Platelet (Plt) along with platelet crit (Pct) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were nonsignificantly higher, whereas a nonsignificant decrease in mean Plt volume was recorded in infected sheep as compared to uninfected animals. Among biochemical parameters, blood urea, BUN, and total bilirubin showed significant differences (p < 0.05), while creatinine showed a nonsignificant difference. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on hemato-biochemical changes associated with babesiosis in the Lohi breed. Consistent with hemolytic anemia, these data would justify physical examination and, together with the medical history, would provide an excellent basis for the diagnosis of babesiosis.

Iron Deficiency may be a Risk Factor for Inguinal Hernia Development in Children.

This case control study aimed to investigate whether the routine hemogram and biochemical parameters of pediatric patients who have undergone surgery for inguinal hernia are associated with the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Eighty cases of inguinal hernia surgery performed between January 2019 and November 2022 were included in the study. A control group was also established using hospital records, consisting of eighty pediatric patients without any known history of hematological or metabolic disease or use of regular medication. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the total hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Htc), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) and thrombocyte (PLT) values in both groups. The age range of the pediatric patients was 1-14 years. Of the eighty children, 47 (58.8%) were male and 33 (41.3%) were female, with a mean age of 5.79±3.26. The values of Hgb, Htc, MCH, MCHC, and MCV in the inguinal hernia patients were found to be statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the patient RDW values were found to be statistically significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, the observed decrease in MCH, MCHC, MCV, Hgb, HTC values, as well as the increase in RDW in patient group, suggests a predisposing effect of iron deficiency. These specific changes suggested that iron deficiency may lead structural changes in the collagen construction and may contribute the etiopathogenesis of childhood inguinal hernia.

Impact of sublethal phenol in freshwater fish Labeo rohita on biochemical and haematological parameters.

Phenol, an aromatic chemical commonly found in domestic and industrial effluents, upon its introduction into aquatic ecosystems adversely affects the indigenous biota, the invertebrates and the vertebrates. With the increased demand for agrochemicals, a large amount of phenol is released directly into the environment as a byproduct. Phenol and its derivatives tend to persist in the environment for longer periods which in turn poses a threat to both humans and the aquatic ecosystem. In our current study, the response of Labeo rohita to sublethal concentrations of phenol was observed and the results did show a regular decrease in biochemical constituents of the targeted organs. Exposure of Labeo rohita to sublethal concentration of phenol (22.32mg/L) for an epoch of 7, 21 and 28days shows a decline in lipid, protein, carbohydrate content and phosphatase activity in target organs such as the gills, muscle, intestine, liver and kidney of the fish. The present study also aims to investigate the toxic effects of phenol with special reference to the haematological parameters of Labeo rohita. At the end of the exposure period, the blood of the fish was collected by cutting the caudal peduncle with a surgical scalpel. And it was observed that the red blood corpuscle count (RBC), white blood corpuscle (WBC), haemoglobin count (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values showed a decline after exposure to phenol for 7days, while white blood corpuscle (WBC) shows an increased count. At 21days and 28days, all the haematological parameters showed a significant decrease.

Type O blood, the MCHC, and the reticulocyte count impact the early recurrence of primary warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: A retrospective cohort analysis.

ObjectivePrimary warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (w-AIHA) is prone to recurrence in children. In this study, we aimed to identify risk indicators for the early recurrence of primary w-AIHA and construct an effective recurrence risk assessment model.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of patients hospitalized with primary w-AIHA in the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, between 1 January 2018 and 30 September 2021, were collected at the initial diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk indicators for the early recurrence of primary w-AIHA in children, and ROC curve and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used for verification. Finally, a risk assessment model for early recurrence in children with primary w-AIHA was constructed using Cox regression and visualized using a nomogram. The model was also verified internally and externally.ResultsThis study included 62 children with primary w-AIHA. Of which, 18 experienced recurrence 1 year after the initial diagnosis. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that type O blood and the reticulocyte count (Ret) were risk indicators for the early recurrence of pediatric primary w-AIHA (P = 0.009, 0.047, respectively). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a protective factor (P = 0.040). According to the ROC curve and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, children with primary w-AIHA whose blood type was O or had an MCHC of <313.5 pg/fL or a Ret of ≥0.161×1012/L had a higher risk of early recurrence (HR = 2.640, 4.430 and 4.450, respectively, and P = 0.040, 0.015 and 0.018, respectively). The blood types (O), MCHCs, and Rets of 56 patients were incorporated into the Cox regression model, and the recurrence risk assessment model for children with primary w-AIHA was successfully constructed and visualized using a nomogram. The calibration curves and decision-curve analysis (DCA) suggested that the risk model has clinical applicability and effectiveness.ConclusionChildren with type O blood and an MCHC value of <313.5 pg/fL or a Ret value of ≥0.161×1012/L have a higher risk of early recurrence. The risk assessment model for the early recurrence of pediatric primary w-AIHA constructed in this study has good clinical applicability and effectiveness.