Mean Concentrations Of Elements Research Articles

Effectiveness of artificially planted mangroves on remediation of metals released from ship-breaking activities.

The pervasive and escalating issue of toxic metal pollution has gathered global attention, necessitating the exploration of innovative ecological strategies like phytoremediation. This study explored the extent of potentially toxic metal contamination status and the effectiveness of three planted mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza,and Excoecaria agallocha) in phytoremediation efforts to reduce pollution level. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of elements in the sediment of the area followed a descending sequence: Fe (27,136.67±929.57mg/kg)>Ti (3371.53±228.08mg/kg)>Sr (198.59±37.43mg/kg)>Zr (159.49±22.35mg/kg)>Rb (159.11±17.63mg/kg)>Cu (82.73±5.01mg/kg)>Zn (61.29±2.42mg/kg). The comprehensive assessment of pollution indices, encompassing enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo), elucidated a low to medium contamination level, particularly regarding Cu, primarily attributed to anthropogenic sources. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled the influence of anthropogenic activities on heavy metal distribution. Evaluating the phytoremediation potentiality via bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) revealed limited metal accumulation in plant tissues, yet TF values exceeding 1 demonstrated efficient metal translocation from roots to aerial parts. Remarkably, Excoecaria agallocha exhibited the greatest phytoremediation potential, effectively translocating metals such as Cu and Zn to aerial parts (TF>1). Thus, the intricate interplay between mangrove species and their environmental setting emerges as pivotal in curbing heavy metal transfer to neighboring estuarine and marine ecosystems.

Chemical characterization of bitumen-derived pyrolysis oil

The objective of this study is to characterize the elemental and functional group analysis of oils obtained from the pyrolysis of oil sand bitumen with the aim of determining oil quality. For this purpose, the present study extracted bitumen from oil sand using toluene, thermally cracked the bitumen using a fixed bed reactor, chromatographically separated the derived oil into saturate and aromatic fractions, and employed Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy to characterize them. The results of the elemental analysis indicated that potassium had the highest mean concentration of about 531 mg/L and 552 mg/L in the saturate and aromatic fractions respectively. The mean elemental concentrations of the aromatic fraction were relatively higher than the saturate fraction. The functional group analysis showed the predominant presence of C-H (CH3) and C-H (CH2) groups, indicating the presence of aliphatic compounds in the pyrolytic oils, in addition to the presence of sulfur reflected by the sulphoxide index. The findings of the study provide valuable information on the feedstock potential of the pyrolysis oil in the petrochemical industry. This study provides baseline information required for exploitation of the heavy oil resource which is yet to be commercially mined in Nigeria.

Major, Volatile, Ore, and Trace Elements in Magmatic Melts in the Earth’s Dominant Geodynamic Environments. I. Mean Concentrations

Data from our original database, which includes more than 2 600 000 analyses for 75 elements of mineral-hosted melt inclusions and quench glasses in volcanic rocks, are generalized to calculate the mean concentrations of major, volatile, ore, and trace elements in magmatic melts from the following dominant geodynamic environments: (I) spreading zones of oceanic plates (mid-oceanic ridges), (II) environments affected by mantle plumes in oceanic plates (oceanic islands and lava plateaus), (III, IV) environments related to subduction processes (III is zones of arc magmatism on the oceanic crust, and IV is zones of magmatism in active continental margins in which magma-generating processes involve the continental crust), (V) environments of continental rifts and areas with continental hotspots, and (VI) environments of backarc spreading. A histogram of SiO2 distribution in natural magmatic melts shows a bimodal distribution: one of the maxima falls onto SiO2 concentrations of 50–52 wt % and the other onto 72–76 wt %. The most widely spread melts contain 62–66 wt % SiO2. Mean temperatures and pressures are calculated for each of the environments. The normalized multielemental patterns presented for environments I through VI show the ratios of the mean concentrations of elements in magmatic melts of mafic, intermediate, and felsic composition to the concentrations in the primitive mantle. Mean ratios of incompatible, trace, and volatile components (H2O/Ce, K2O/Cl, Nb/U, Ba/Rb, Ce/Pb, etc.) are evaluated for the melts of each of the environments. The variations in these ratios are calculated, and it is demonstrated that the ratios of incompatible elements are mostly statistically significantly different in the different environments. The differences are particularly significant between the ratios of the most differently incompatible elements (e.g., Nb/Yb) and some ratios involving volatile components (e.g., K2O/H2O).

Utilizing mollusk soft tissue and shells as biomarkers for monitoring heavy metal pollution in mangrove forests

The primary objective of the study was to examine the distribution of various elements, namely Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb), in the soft tissues, shells, and associated surface sediments of Cerithidea obtusa (C. obtusa) mangrove snails collected from Sungai Besar Sepang. To conduct the analysis, the preferred and most convenient methods employed were Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results showed that the mean concentration of elements in the sediments and soft tissues followed the order Fe > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd, while for the shell of C. obtusa, it was Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd.•Iron (Fe) showed the highest concentration among all elements monitored in sediments, soft tissues, and shells of C. obtusa.•The PF results indicated higher incorporation of Pb and Ni into shells.•BSAF results showed that C. obtusa shells accumulated more Cu and Cd from sediments, making them effective biomonitors.

Radiogeochemistry, mineralogy, lithology, radiogenic heat production, and health implication using airborne radiometric data of Ilesha and its surroundings.

The current study analyzed and interpreted airborne radiometric data from Ilesha's basement complex rock and its surroundings. At the surface, the concentrations of the most frequent primordial radionuclides notably K, elemental concentration of uranium eU, and elemental concentration of thorium eTh were measured. The weighted mean elemental and activity concentrations were 0.85%, 2.75ppm, 10.22ppm, and 267.54Bqkg-1, 34.41Bqkg-1, 41.51Bqkg-1 for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively. The low concentration of 40K was certainly due to the effects of weathering, kaolinization of granites, and pedogenesis activities. The abundance of uranium was ascribed to the availability of uranium minerals such as allanite, apatite, and sphene with accessories minerals, while that of thorium was due to minerals such as cheralite, thorite, uranothorite, thorianite, and uranothorianite with accessories minerals. The RPHR weighted mean 1.48 µWm-3 compared to the earth's crust mean between 0.8 and1.2 µWm-3 was higher due to significant presence of gneiss rocks in all the studied profiles. Radiological hazard, in particular, dose rates, external hazard index, internal hazard index, radium equivalent, annual gonadal dose, effective dose dispensed to various organs of the body were computed to determine the deleterious effects of rocks in the area. The weighted means of annual gonadal dose of 363.98 µSv y-1 and outdoor 0.91 × 10×3 and indoor 1.65 × 10-3 excessive life cancer risks were more than the global average 300 µSv y-1, 0.29 × 10-3 and 1.16 × 10-3. As a result, proper surveillance is required in the area in order to prevent epidemics occurrence in future.

Stormwater Best Management Practices: Experimental Evaluation of Chemical Cocktails Mobilized by Freshwater Salinization Syndrome.

Freshwater Salinization Syndrome (FSS) refers to the suite of physical, biological, and chemical impacts of salt ions on the degradation of natural, engineered, and social systems. Impacts of FSS on mobilization of chemical cocktails has been documented in streams and groundwater, but little research has focused on the effects of FSS on stormwater best management practices (BMPs) such as: constructed wetlands, bioswales, ponds, and bioretention. However emerging research suggests that stormwater BMPs may be both sources and sinks of contaminants, shifting seasonally with road salt applications. We conducted lab experiments to investigate this premise; replicate water and soil samples were collected from four distinct stormwater feature types (bioretention, bioswale, constructed wetlands and retention ponds) and were used in salt incubation experiments conducted under six different salinities with three different salts (NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2). Increased salt concentrations had profound effects on major and trace element mobilization, with all three salts showing significant positive relationships across nearly all elements analyzed. Across all sites, mean salt retention was 34%, 28%, and 26% for Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ respectively, and there were significant differences among stormwater BMPs. Salt type showed preferential mobilization of certain elements. NaCl mobilized Cu, a potent toxicant to aquatic biota, at rates over an order of magnitude greater than both CaCl2 and MgCl2. Stormwater BMP type also had a significant effect on elemental mobilization, with ponds mobilizing significantly more Mn than other sites. However, salt concentration and salt type consistently had significant effects on mean concentrations of elements mobilized across all stormwater BMPs (p<0.05), suggesting that processes such as ion exchange mobilize metals mobilize metals and salt ions regardless of BMP type. Our results suggest that decisions regarding the amounts and types of salts used as deicers can have significant effects on reducing contaminant mobilization to freshwater ecosystems.

Postmortem reference concentrations of 68 elements in blood and urine.

Fatal intoxications, both accidental and intentional, are a global issue. In the Western world, intoxications with pharmaceuticals dominate, but in other parts of the world, other substances are more common. In a forensic setting, elemental intoxications are of great importance when investigating both accidental, suicidal, and homicidal deaths. The current study presents normal postmortem reference concentrations of 68 elements in femoral blood and urine. In addition, possible sources of error such as contamination from sample tubes, preservative potassium fluoride (KF) solution, and storage time are evaluated. Paired femoral blood and urine samples from 120 cases of death by suicidal hanging in Sweden were collected. Additionally, multiple batches of sample tubes and multiple batches of KF solution were also analyzed. Concentrations of elements were determined by double focusing sector field ICP-MS. Key descriptive statistics for 68 elements are provided in blood and urine. Contamination from sample tubes was minor compared to the overall mean elemental concentrations in both blood and urine. KF solution contained a large assortment of elements, but the overall contribution is relatively minor for most elements given the small amounts of solution added to samples. There were significant differences for 22 elements in blood and 17 elements in urine between samples with short and long storage time. The present study provides an important tool when evaluating postmortem elemental concentrations. It fills a needed gap between large antemortem population studies and postmortem case reports or small case series of elemental intoxications.

Postmortem reference concentrations of elements in blood and urine

To establish postmortem reference concentrations of elements. Fatal intoxications, both accidental and intentional, are a global issue. In the western world intoxications with pharmaceuticals dominate, but in other parts of the world other substances are more common. Intoxication with elemental compounds is generally considered to be uncommon. In a forensic setting, elemental intoxications are of great importance when investigating both accidental, suicidal, and homicidal deaths. Arsenic, for example, is a classical poison which also has relevance in the modern era. Unlike for pharmaceuticals, postmortem reference concentrations for elements are scarce. For many elements it is therefore unknown if, and to what extent, they are affected by postmortem redistribution. The current study presents normal postmortem reference concentrations of 68 elements in femoral blood and urine. In addition, possible sources of error such as contamination from collection tubes, preservative potassium fluoride solution and storage time are evaluated. Paired blood and urine samples from 120 cases of death by suicidal hanging in Sweden were collected. 20 cases from each of the six local units of forensic medicine were used to account for possible regional differences. Additionally, the included cases reflected both short and long storage times. To account for possible elemental contamination from collection tubes and the added potassium fluoride solution, multiple batches of tubes and multiple samples of potassium fluoride solution were also analysed. Concentrations of elements were determined by double focusing sector field ICP-MS. Key descriptive statistics for all 68 elements are provided (including mean, median and percentiles) in blood and urine. Forensic highlights include blood concentrations of total arsenic (mean: 4.25 μg/g), thallium (mean: 0.14 μg/g) and antimony (mean: 14.82 μg/g). For several elements in blood and urine ( n = 24 and n = 25, respectively) a majority of elemental concentrations were below the limit of detection. The contribution of contamination from collection tubes were minor compared to the overall mean elemental concentrations in both blood and urine. Though the added solution of potassium fluoride contained a large assortment of elements, given the small amounts of this solution added to samples, the overall contribution is minor for most elements relative to the overall mean. However, there was a significant difference between samples with short and long storage time for 22 elements in blood and 17 elements in urine. These differences reflected both increases and decreases in concentration. Relative to antemortem elemental concentrations the postmortem concentrations show both increases and decreases. Of special note are markedly higher concentrations for several elements in blood (such as cadmium, chromium, manganese and antimony) compared to several antemortem populations. In general, it can be assumed the phenomenon of postmortem redistribution is as large for elements as it is for drugs and other substances. When evaluating individual concentrations, it is important to be aware of potential sources of contamination and the potential influence of storage time. Concentrations indicating overexposure must be evaluated together with autopsy findings and case circumstances to form a holistic view of the case as a whole. The present study provides an important tool when evaluating postmortem elemental concentrations. It fills a needed gap between large antemortem population studies and postmortem case reports or small case series of elemental intoxications. Together with the forensic autopsy and circumstantial information the present references will aid in diagnosing cases of potential elemental overexposure.

Composition and sources of heavy metals in aerosol at a remote site of Southeast Tibetan Plateau, China

Knowledge of the elemental composition of aerosols at remote sites is important for evaluating the influence of anthropogenic activities. In this study, the elemental composition and sources of total suspended particles (TSP) at Yaze, a remote site in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), were investigated. The results showed that the mean elemental concentrations at Yaze were relatively low compared with those in other areas of the TP. Seasonal variations in the studied elements was characterized by low and high concentrations during the monsoon and non-monsoon periods, respectively. The enrichment factors (EFs) for some heavy metals at Yaze were slightly higher than those at Nam Co station (inland TP) but much lower than those at Mt. Yulong (southeastern TP) and in the Indian megacity of Delhi, indicating fewer anthropogenic influences at the study site relative to sites close to severely polluted regions. For the studied elements, three major sources were identified: crustal origins (e.g., Al and Fe), anthropogenic origins (e.g., Zn and Cd) and mixed origins (e.g., As and Bi). Further analysis by potential source contribution functions showed that the local TP was the primary source for elements of crustal origins. Correspondingly, the typical heavy metals were mainly attributed to pollution emitted from anthropogenic activities and transported over long-range from both South and Southeast Asia. This work demonstrates the transport of heavy metals from external sources to remote sites in the southeastern TP. These results are also useful for interpreting the historical profiles of heavy metals in the ice cores of the TP.

Microbial Pollution and Heavy Metals in the Work Environment of the College of Engineering and ‎Technology Sciences – Sebha University - Libya ‎ ‎(Computer Keyboard as a Case Study)‎

The paper aims to investigate the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ag element of as well as microbial contamination in computer keyboard within the work environment at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sciences (FETS) at Sebha University, Libya. The results showed that the mean elemental concentrations (mg/g) in the samples were Pb (14.2±12.9), Ag (7.49±1.44), Cr (6.09±2.88) and Cd (4.43±1.48). The most commonly found heavy metals were Pb (44.1%), followed by (Ag 23.3), (Cr 18.9), and (Cd 13.8) %. The concentrations were higher than the limits allowed by EPA 2009. The concentration of Cd also exceeded the European standards for paint in plastic toys. The concentration of Cr element exceeded the limits allowed in all samples except the IBM brand keyboard. Pb concentration has not exceeded the limit except for the GLK-2010 gaming (16.5 mg/g), IBM (15.5 mg/g), and Discovery (46.4 mg/g) keyboards. Microbiologically, 16 (65%) positive Gram: Staphylococcus lactobacillus, mycobacterium, Bacillus, Actinomyces, Micrococcus, Clostridium, Erysprlothrix, Eubacterium and (35%) Gram-negative included Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Brucella, Aeromonas, Bordetella, Acinetobacter, Bacteroides were isolated. The most polluted sites were administrative offices followed by laboratories and secretarial offices. While the highest numbers of bacteria were isolated from laboratories due to the large daily use.

Correlation between heavy metal concentration and oxidative potential of street dust.

The current study aimed to consider oxidative potential (OP), its spatial distribution, and correlations with heavy metals (HMs) in street dust in Kerman city, Iran. The concentration of HMs in 35 street dust samples was detected by ICP-AES. The OP in samples was measured through dithiothreitol (DTT). The mean concentration of elements followed Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Cd. The OP value was found to be 7.17 ± 2.98 nmol/min. µg dust in the current study. A strong correlation was observed among the concentrations of As and Cr and OP values in dust samples. More values of OP were observed in the center and west of the Kerman city. According to results of the current study, it could be concluded that OP can be applied as metrics of pollution originated from different sources and human health effects. The amount of OP in the street dust in the Kerman city can be reduced through the use of clean fuels.

First assessment of Atlantic open ocean Sargassum spp. metal and metalloid concentrations.

Over the last decade, increasing proliferations of Atlantic Sargassum populations have led to massive beaching with disastrous environmental consequences. This study is a preliminary assessment of open ocean Sargassum spp. element concentration to assess their potential contribution on coastal ecosystems. Sargassum spp. samples from seven sites, collected along a transect from the center of the Atlantic Ocean to near the coast of Martinique (French West Indies), were analyzed to determine their potential metal and metalloid enrichment. Mean element concentrations from the Sargassum spp. samples were ranked in the following descending order: As > Fe > Mn > Al > Zn > V > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd > Hg. Element concentrations are relatively low compared to previous results of beached Sargassum spp. except for As that need to be carefully considered before reusing Sargassum spp.

Evaluation of the natural radioactivity of samples of some types of field crops in different areas of Tikrit, Iraq.

This study aims to assess the concentrations of natural radionuclides activity (226Ra,232Th and 40K) and calculate a number of radiation risk indicators in some types of field crops in different areas of Tikrit City - Salah Al-Din Governorate - Iraq. The measurement was carried out using a gamma ray spectroscopy connected with a scintillation detector crystallized with thallium-activated sodium iodide NaI(TI). The results were that t 0……he mean concentrations of elements (226Ra,232Th and 40K) wer (6.79±0.33 1Bq/Kg,10.79 ± 0.640 Bq/Kg, 133.34± 5.895 Bq/Kg), respectively. And the radiation risk indicators were less than the international permissible and the recommended average, so that the samples under study are safe and suitable for human and animal consumption.

Metals and metalloids in green turtle hepatic tissue (Chelonia mydas) from Santos Basin, Brazil

Metal and metalloid concentrations in the liver tissue of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded on the Brazilian coast (n = 506) were studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The influences of occurrence registers (date and location) and biological characteristics (sex, age, and developmental stage) were assessed, as well as the temporal influences of oil exploration and production activities. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Hg were the highest reported for the liver of C. mydas on the Brazilian coast. The mean element concentrations followed the order: Cu > Zn > Cd > Mn > As > Hg > Mo > Pb > V > Ni > Ba > Cr. Further, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for Hg between the sexes (males > females) and for As, Cu, Pb, Mo, and V between young individuals and older individuals (≥11 years), suggesting a relationship between the dietary shift inherent to green turtle development. These results were corroborated by the curved carapace length (CCL) data, wherein individuals residing in coastal areas (CCL > 50 cm) presented higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Mo, Zn, Ba, and V than those in the oceanic stage (CCL < 30 cm). The opposite pattern was observed for As and Hg. The influences of spatial autocorrelation (Moran Index) at a global scale and oil production activities on the element concentrations were not observed. However, five hotspots of high metal concentrations were identified via a local spatial autocorrelation (local indicator of spatial association), existing predominantly in a region of heavy anthropic activity within the sampling area. Further, baseline element concentrations were established at the 95% confidence level. Overall, the developmental stage, which is related to feeding habits, had an expressive influence on element concentrations.

The relatively higher concentrations of trace elements to arsenic may have influenced on methylation process of inorg- As in humans

The relatively higher concentrations of trace elements to arsenic may have influenced on methylation process of inorg- As in humans

Composition, environmental implication and source identification of elements in soil and moss from a pristine spruce forest ecosystem, Northwest China.

The environmental quality of remote alpine ecosystem has been drawn increasing attention owing to the increasingly severe atmospheric pollution. This study investigated the composition and sources of elements in the soil and moss collected from a pristine spruce forest in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. The order of mean concentrations of elements investigated in soil was Fe > K > Na > Mg > Ca > Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > As > Cd > Hg, and that of moss was Ca > Fe > Mg > K > Na > Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. The concentrations of trace metals (except for As) in soil were greater than the soil background values, with Pb contamination more serious than the other elements. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) values indicated that the soils were heavily polluted by Pb, Cd and Ni. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) suggested that the soils were at moderate risk. In particular, Hg and Cd were the most critically potential factors for ecological risk. According to the bioaccumulation factors (BAF), the accumulated concentrations of Ca, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mg, Cr and Zn in moss were higher than those in soil. By performing the multivariate analyses, natural sources (airborne soil particles) were identified to be the major contributors for all elements, whereas anthropogenic sources also contributed to the accumulations of Pb and Cd in the soil and moss in this region.

Assessment of essential and non-essential elements in selected traditional medicines from India, Ghana and China.

Traditional medicine (TM) also known as folk medicine consists of medical knowledge systems that were developed over generations in various countries before the era of modern medicine. Over the last few years, there has been a shift in universal trend from modern medicine to TM because it is believed that these medicines are non-toxic to humans, have little to no side-effects, are readily available and affordable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the essential and non-essential elemental concentrations of ayurvedic medicines (AM), Ghanaian traditional medicines (GTM) and Chinese traditional medicines (CTM). The results indicate that the mean elemental concentrations in TM varied greatly. The mean concentrations of copper and mercury in AM, GTM and CTM ranged from 4 to 45mg/kg and 0.01 to 2mg/kg, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses applied to recognise inter-element associations indicated that at 0.05 significant level, there was a positive correlation between elements suggesting they may have originated from the same source. The study concludes by highlighting the need for monitoring of the elemental concentrations in commonly consumed traditional medicines regularly to detect contamination in these medicines since the occurrence of metals in these medicines above or below legally permissible limits can be harmful to consumers.

Comprehensive Assessment of Essential and Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Bovine Milk and Their Feeds in Different Agro-climatic Zones of Sri Lanka.

Fresh milk is an important source of essential mineral supplement for humans. However, the levels of trace elements in milk are an important component of its safety and quality. Trace elements also act as a bio-indicator of agricultural pollution. Samples of raw cow milk (n= 68), animal feed [forage (n= 36) and concentrates (n= 14)], and water (n= 35) were collected from different agro-climatic regions of Sri Lanka. The concentrations of 15 trace elements including toxic heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and As were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion. Among the studied trace elements, the mean elemental concentrations of Se, Cd, As, and Cu in cow milk were 18.1, 1.45, 7.35, and 71.7μgL-1, respectively. The mean concentrations of these elements in forage were 0.216, 0.066, 0.046, and 9.21mgkg-1, and in concentrate feed were 0.329, 0.202, 0.229, and 2.28mgkg-1, respectively. The As content of the studied milk was well below the maximum permissible level while 15% of the samples had Pb exceeding the permissible limit of 20μgL-1. However, As, Cd, and Pb levels in drinking water provided to animals were well below the WHO permissible limits. The results of this study revealed that the trace elements in cow milk depend mainly on the feed, and hence, levels of these contaminants in feed materials should be monitored. Although due to the consumption of milk, the populations have a minor exposure to trace elements and also minimum health risks, a detailed study with a large number of samples is highly recommended.

Assessment of heavy metals and radionuclides (238U, 232Th and 40K) concentration of beach sands collected from East Coast of Tamilnadu, India with multivariate statistical approach

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the relation between the heavy metal and radionuclide activity concentration in beach sand samples collected from East Coast of Tamilnadu. The elemental composition in beach sands is determined by EDXRF technique. The mean concentrations of elements followed in the order of Si > Ca > Fe > Al > Mg > K > Ti > Mn > Zr > Sr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co in the study area. A NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer has been used to determine activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in sand samples. The measured activity in the sand samples ranged from 3.0 to 1766.8 Bqkg−1, 3.0 to 8326.88 Bqkg−1 and 11 to 1434.9 Bqkg−1 for 238U, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The measured natural radioactivity concentration was compared with worldwide average values as reported by UNSCEAR. The interrelation between the natural radioactivity and heavy metal concentration is determined using Pearson correlation coefficient, factor and cluster analysis for finding existing relation between them. The results showed that there is a significant relation of heavy metals for heavy minerals which can contribute radioactivity concentration based on the correlation and factor analysis.

Using of Bee Products as Bioindicators in Identifying Toxic Heavy Metal Residues That Causing Environmental Pollution in Sanliurfa Province

In this study the concentrations of some elements in 45 honey samples were investigated. Samples were obtained from bee keepers of all the counties of Sanliurfa province (Center, Bozova, Siverek, Harran, Bozova, Suruc) in 2019. The levels of Pb, Cd, Al, Sn, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Asa elements in honey samples were determined by ICP-OES instrument. The samples were digested in microwave oven using nitric acid and hydrogenperoxide. The mean concentration of elements and the lowest and highest values were determined. In the present study, Cu (11,41 and 4,46); A1 (53,82 to 92,55); Cr (6,10 to 4,52); Hg (1,92 to 5,47); Pb (5,27 to 27,96); Sn (502,6 to 615,49); As (3,26 to 17,85); Ni (3,23 to 5,11) μgg –1 levels were determined Chemical Data, It is observed that the level of heavy metal accumulation is very high along the Urban – Industrial gradient, and this is determined by comparing the different anthropogenic activities increasing the residual density of the related toxic metals and posing a risk for the health of the people living in the city. To conclude, the concentrations of detected heavy metals in collected honey samples were above the maximum residue limits of some international residue limits. Therefore it would pose a risk to human health. The fact that Sanliurfa Province is determined by using bee products for the determination of environmental pollution and will be researched scientifically makes this study unique. Keywords: Heavy metal, Honey, Bee, Sanliurfa, ICP-MS Special Issue of Health Sciences DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-03-25