MC Group Research Articles

Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion Improves Crohn’s Disease-Associated Intestinal Fibrosis by Suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/MLC Pathway

Background and Aims Intestinal fibrosis is one of the severe and common complications of Crohn's disease (CD), but the etiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. The study intended to examine whether the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion on rats with CD-associated intestinal fibrosis is associated with the RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway. Methods All experimental rats were randomly allocated into the normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), and herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPM). Intestinal fibrosis was established in rats with CD by repeated rectal administrations of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Herb-partitioned moxibustion was applied at the Qihai (CV6) and Tianshu (ST25) acupoints once daily for 10 days in the HPM group. In this study, histological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; then, Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess the degree of fibrosis in each group. Experimental methods of immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time PCR were applied to detect the levels of α-SMA, collagen III, RhoA, ROCK1, and p-MLC. Moreover, the double immunofluorescent staining for the colocalization of both α-SMA and ROCK1 was performed. Results Contrasted with the normal controls, the collagen deposition and fibrosis scores were increased in colonic tissue of model rats, and HPM decreased the collagen deposition and fibrosis scores. The protein of α-SMA and collagen III in the MC group exceeds that of the NC group; HPM decreased the expression of α-SMA and collagen III in rats with intestinal fibrosis. Similarly, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1, and p-MLC in model rats was obviously increased compared with normal controls; the expression of RhoA, ROCK1, and p-MLC was decreased after HPM. The coexpression of α-SMA and ROCK1 in rats with intestinal fibrosis was higher than normal rats. Conclusion HPM improves CD-associated intestinal fibrosis by suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/MLC pathway.

Comparative Analysis of the Hypoglycaemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Aqueous Extract of some Ethno medicinal Plants in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with the development of metabolic complications. This research evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Moringa oleifera (MO), Treculia africana (TA) and Albizzia chevalieri (AC) plant extracts on diabetes. Albino rats were randomly divided into six (six) main groups; MC, MO, TA, AC, Normal Control (NC) and Diabetic Control (DC) groups. Group MO, TA and AC were further subdivide into three sub groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 150 mg/kg body weight. Fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile were assayed using standard methods. Intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of Alloxan in the albino rats resulted in significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Also, there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in HDL-C and body weight of the albino rats compared with that of the NC group. Oral administration of MO, TA and AC to diabetic albino rats for 21 days significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose level, normalized lipid profile and restore body weight of the albino rats in treated groups compared to diabetic control groups. All the plant extracts studied in this research significantly (p<0.05) increase the regeneration of damaged pancreatic β cells. Treatment with MO (800 mg/kg) confirmed highly significant (p<0.05) effect compared to TA and AC.

Can Evoked Potential Changes during the Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Surgery Predict Postoperative Improvement of Cerebral Perfusion and Functional Status?

Background: We investigated evoked potential (EP) changes during superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery and their correlations with imaging and clinical findings postoperatively. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent STA-MCA bypass surgery due to ischemic stroke with large artery occlusion (MB group). Patients who underwent unruptured MCA aneurysm clipping were enrolled in the control group (MC group). Median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), and motor evoked potentials recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB-MEP) and abductor hallucis (AH-MEP) were measured intraoperatively. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) related variables, i.e., mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TTP), were assessed. Results: Δmedian SSEP, ΔAPB-MEP, and ΔAH-MEP were significantly higher in the MB group than in the MC group (p = 0.027, p = 0.006, and p = 0.015, respectively). APB-MEP and AH-MEP amplitudes were significantly increased at the final measurement (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). The ΔTTP asymmetry index was moderately correlated with ΔAPB-MEP (r = 0.573, p = 0.005) and ΔAH-MEP (r = 0.617, p = 0.002). ΔAPB-MEP was moderately correlated with ΔMTT (r = 0.429, p = 0.047) and ΔmRS at 1 month (r = 0.514, p = 0.015). Conclusions: MEP improvement during STA-MCA bypass surgery was partially correlated with PWI and mRS and could reflect the recovery in cerebral perfusion.

Mucus piRNAs profiles of Vibrio harveyi-infected Cynoglossus semilaevis: A hint for fish disease monitoring.

The half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, is an important cultured flatfish species. Vibrio harveyi is a common pathogen to this fish, which may result in great economic loss to C.semilaevis culture industry. piRNAs, a non-coding RNAs with 26-32nt, have been regarded as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and fish diseases. Here, we extracted the RNA from mucus of C.semilaevis and constructed the differential expression profiles of piRNAs between the sick fish (MS) and healthy fish (MC). We identified 45,696 differentially expressed piRNAs including 22,735 up-regulated piRNAs and 22,961 down-regulated piRNAs in MS group compared with MC group. The GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the differential piRNAs were carried out. The result showed immunity-related target genes mainly involved in immune system process, response to stimulus, cell killing, immune system, infectious diseases and cell growth and death. The 10 most differentially expressed piRNAs were chosen to perform the qRT-PCR, while only seven piRNAs were consistent with the sequence result. Compared with MC group, the expression levels of piR-mmu-72173>piR-rno-62831>piR-xtr-704880, piR-dme-15546979, piR-mmu-49941660, piR-mmu-29283297 and piR-mmu-1758399 were significantly lower, and piR-gga-10574 and piR-gga-134812 were significantly higher in MS group. These piRNAs may be potential biomarkers during the V.harveyi infection of C.semilaevis. This study could provide a new method to identify the infection status of C.semilaevis and understand better about the innate and adaptive immune system in C.semilaevis during bacterial infection.

The Mandible Ameliorates Facial Allograft Rejection and Is Associated with the Development of Regulatory T Cells and Mixed Chimerism.

Vascularized composite allografts contain various tissue components and possess relative antigenicity, eliciting different degrees of alloimmune responses. To investigate the strategies for achieving facial allograft tolerance, we established a mouse hemiface transplant model, including the skin, muscle, mandible, mucosa, and vessels. However, the immunomodulatory effects of the mandible on facial allografts remain unclear. To understand the effects of the mandible on facial allograft survival, we compared the diversities of different facial allograft-elicited alloimmunity between a facial osteomyocutaneous allograft (OMC), including skin, muscle, oral mucosa, and vessels, and especially the mandible, and a myocutaneous allograft (MC) including the skin, muscle, oral mucosa, and vessels, but not the mandible. The different facial allografts of a BALB/c donor were transplanted into a heterotopic neck defect on fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched C57BL/6 mice. The allogeneic OMC (Allo-OMC) group exhibited significant prolongation of facial allograft survival compared to the allogeneic MC group, both in the presence and absence of FK506 immunosuppressive drugs. With the use of FK506 monotherapy (2 mg/kg) for 21 days, the allo-OMC group, including the mandible, showed prolongation of facial allograft survival of up to 65 days, whereas the myocutaneous allograft, without the mandible, only survived for 34 days. The Allo-OMC group also displayed decreased lymphocyte infiltration into the facial allograft. Both groups showed similar percentages of B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. However, a decrease in pro-inflammatory T helper 1 cells and an increase in anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells were observed in the blood and lymph nodes of the Allo-OMC group. Significantly increased percentages of donor immune cells were also observed in three lymphoid organs of the Allo-OMC group, suggesting mixed chimerism induction. These results indicated that the mandible has the potential to induce anti-inflammatory effects and mixed chimerism for prolonging facial allograft survival. The immunomodulatory understanding of the mandible could contribute to reducing the use of immunosuppressive regimens in clinical face allotransplantation including the mandible.

Effect of Abutment Type and Tightening Sequence on Torque Maintenance Capacity after Mechanical Cycling in Splinted Implant-Supported Restorations

The aim of this study was to compare the screw removal torque of mini-conical prosthetic components and straight trunnion of indexed morse taper implants after mechanical cycling. The sample consisted of 40 implants and 20 mini-conical prosthetic components (MC group) and 20 straight trunnion components (ST group). Each group consisted of 10 specimens, with 2 implants in each, and cobalt–chromium metallic crowns were screwed into each sample. The components of the MC group received a torque of 20 N-cm with a digital torque wrench, and after 10 min were retightened with the same value as the initial torque. The components of the ST group received a torque of 30 N-cm, with a digital torque wrench, and after 10 min, they were retightened with the same value. The screws of the respective crowns of the two groups received a torque of 10 N-cm and after 10 min were retightened with the same value. Each group was subjected to the fatigue test in a mechanical cycler at 2,000,000 cycles, with a load of 250 N and frequency of 4 Hz. At the end of the fatigue test, the loosening torque of each screw of the specimens was measured through a digital torque wrench. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and a Tukey test. In both groups, there were loss of torque. The results showed no statistic difference between MC and ST groups (p &gt; 0.05).

The Difference of Marginal Bone Preservation between Dental Implants with Non-Threaded or Micro-Threaded Collar Designs

This study analyzes the marginal bone loss (MBL) among dental implants characterized with non-threaded collar design (NT) when compared to the more classic micro-threaded collar design (MC) as such might reflect the future dentogengival esthetics, implant metal show, and mucositis. A total of 112 patients who received 311 implants have been included in the study and analyzed for their postoperative MBL using sequential periapical radiographs. The prevalence of postoperative peri-implant mucositis was recorded as well. The periapical radiographic comparison was performed between the immediate postoperative record and at the 24-month recall visit. Among the 311 implants, 124 (39.9%) had NT implants, and 187 (60.1%) had MC implants. Out of the 112 patients, 37 (44.6%) were females, and 10 (34.5%) were males included in the NT group. In contrast, 46 (55.4%) females and 19 (65.5%) males were in the MC group. The mean age among the two groups was 41.43 ± 15.900 and 46.68 ± 16.070, respectively. In contrast, the mean MBL among the groups were 0.544 ± 0.7129 and 0.061 ± 0.2648, respectively. The change in MBL was not positively correlated with gender (p-value = 0.154) or age (p-value = 0.115) in both groups. However, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.001, X2 = 62.796, Df = 4) of MBL between the two implant systems themselves. The MBL was higher in people implanted with the NT system when compared to MC. Therefore, the MC implant system can be a better choice for marginal bone preservation, especially in restoring esthetically demanding areas in the mouth.

Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the differentiation of kidney allografts with significant histopathological injury.

To identify specific quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters that could distinguish kidney transplants with significant histopathological injury. Sixty-four patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Biopsies were performed following CEUS and blood examination. 28 biopsy specimens had minimal changes (MC group), while 36had significant injury (SI group). Of these, 12had rejection (RI group) and 24 non-rejection injury (NRI group). In RI and NRI groups, temporal difference in time to peak (TTP) between medulla and cortex (ΔTTPm-c) was significantly shorter compared to the MC group (5.77, 5.92, and 7.94s, P=0.048 and 0.026, respectively). Additionally, RI group had significantly shorter medullary TTP compared to the MC group (27.75 vs. 32.26s; P=0.03). In a subset of 41 patients with protocol biopsy at 1-year post-transplant, ΔTTPm-c was significantly shorter in the SI compared to the MC group (5.67 vs. 7.67s; P=0.024). Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for ΔTTPm-c was 0.69 in all patients and 0.71 in patients with protocol biopsy. RI and NRI groups had shorter ΔTTPm-c compared to the MC group. AUROCs for both patient groups were good, making ΔTTPm-c a promising CEUS parameter for distinguishing patients with significant histopathological injury.

Summer season induced heat stress associated changes on meat production and quality characteristics, myostatin and HSP70 gene expression patterns in indigenous goat

The study was conducted to assess the effect of heat stress on the meat production and quality variables in indigenous Malabari breed goats. The study was conducted during 45 days using twelve 10 months to one year old Malabari goats. The goats were randomly allocated into two groups: MC (n = 6; Malabari control) and MHS (n = 6; Malabari Heat stress). The MC group animals were housed inside the shed without exposure to outside environment while the MHS group animals were exposed to summer heat stress by keeping them outside the shed from 10:00 h to 16:00 h. At the end of the study, animals were slaughtered and their meat characteristics were assessed. The findings from the study revealed that heat stress caused significant reduction in live weight (P < 0.05), pre-slaughter weight (P < 0.01), hot carcass weight (P < 0.05), loin eye area (LEA) (P < 0.01), and fat score (P < 0.01). Fore saddle is the only primal cut which was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in weight in MHS as compared to MC group. Further, meat quality variables such as ultimate meat pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and shear force significantly (P < 0.01) increased during heat stress. Among the sensory characteristics, appearance (P < 0.01) and flavour (P < 0.05) reduced significantly in MHS group. However, plasma leptin level was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in MHS group. In addition, the skeletal muscle myostatin gene expression pattern was significantly (P < 0.05) lower while HSP70 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MHS as compared to MC group. Thus, it may be concluded from the study that indigenous Malabari goats possessed the inherent ability to maintain meat production by overcoming the adverse effects of heat stress. However, the severity of heat stress was reflected on the meat quality variables in this breed.

Modified Renshen Wumei Decoction Alleviates Intestinal Barrier Destruction in Rats with Diarrhea.

Modified Renshen Wumei decoction (MRWD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treating persistent diarrhea. However, as the mechanism by which MRWD regulates diarrhea remains unknown, we examined the protective effects of MRWD on intestinal barrier integrity in a diarrhea model. In total, 48 male rats were randomly distributed to four treatment groups: the blank group (CK group), model group (MC group), Medilac-Vita group (MV group) and Chinese herb group (MRWD group). After a 21-day experiment, serum and colon samples were assessed. The diarrhea index, pathological examination findings and change in D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) contents illustrated that the induction of diarrhea caused intestinal injury, which was ameliorated by MV and MRWD infusion. Metabolomics analysis identified several metabolites in the serum. Some critical metabolites, such as phosphoric acid, taurine, cortisone, leukotriene B4 and calcitriol, were found to be significantly elevated by MRWD infusion. Importantly, these differences correlated with mineral absorption and metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. Moreover, it significantly increased the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins and the contents of IL-1 and TNF-α, while the expression levels of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 proteins decreased. These deleterious effects were significantly alleviated by MV and MRWD infusion. Our findings indicate that MRWD infusion helps alleviate diarrhea, possibly by maintaining electrolyte homeostasis, improving the intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB axis.

Effects of different wall materials on stability and umami release of microcapsules of Maillard reaction products derived from Aloididae aloidi

SummaryUmami has a fast release in the long time high temperature cooking process. Microencapsulation technology can be used to control the release of aromas, and spray drying is the method most commonly used for preparing microcapsules. In this study, the Maillard reaction products from the enzymatic hydrolysate of the Aloididae aloidi were combined with chitosan (C); maltodextrin (M); chitosan and gum arabic (C + GA); M + GA; and C + M + GA via spray drying. Characterisation, flavour characteristics and umami release of microcapsules were analysed and determined. The results showed that the obtained microcapsules had the characteristics of low water content and high solubility, and had good embedding effect and thermal stability (especially MC + GA). Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the addition of wall material increased the diameter of the particles. The microcapsules in MC group and MC + GA group showed the best apparent structure, which was round without pits or pores. In the controlled release study of umami, MC + GA group showed the best sustained umami release, released 13.95%, 38.08% and 80% umami at 0.5, 4 and 32 min, respectively. In conclusion, adding C + GA as wall material of microcapsules had the best stability, flavour and taste sustained‐release effect.

Beneficial effect of dimethyl fumarate on experimental autoimmune uveitis is dependent of pro-inflammatory markers immunomodulation.

Autoimmune uveitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye and is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) constitutes an animal disease model of human endogenous uveitis. In our study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) using bovine retinal extract-induced uveitis in a Female Wistar rats. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy, Female Wistar rats were divided into seven experimental groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of non-immunized animals; Uveoretinitis (n = 5), and DMF/Uveoretinitis groups (n = 15), which received a subcutaneous injection of bovine retinal extract emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant; MC group (n = 5), treated by daily intragastric administration of methylcellulose 0.08% in tap water; DMF group, consisting of control positive group, rats received daily oral gavage administration of 500μL of dimethyl fumarate at 100mg/Kg dissolved in 0.08% methylcellulose in tap water (n = 5). On day 14 post immunization, the rats were then euthanized and associated indications were investigated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α were assessed in plasma. Meanwhile, eyes were collected for histological and immunohistochemical studies. The retinal expression of iNOS, CD68, CD20, CD25, CD4, and CD8 was examined. Interestingly, DMF enhanced a significant reduction of NO and TNF-α production in the treated group. This effect was strongly related to the histological structure of eyes improvement. In the same context, a significant decrease of iNOS, CD68, and CD20 expression and CD25 increase expression were reported in retinal tissue of DMF/Uveoretinitis group in comparison to the immunized group. Collectively, our results indicate that DMF treatment has a beneficial effect in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and could constitute a good candidate for monitoring an ocular inflammatory diseases.

MP67-06 RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SHANGRING VERSUS MOGEN CLAMP IN EARLY INFANT MALE CIRCUMCISION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

You have accessJournal of UrologyGlobal Health/Humanitarian (MP67)1 Sep 2021MP67-06 RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SHANGRING VERSUS MOGEN CLAMP IN EARLY INFANT MALE CIRCUMCISION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Quincy Nang, Spyridon Basourakos, Nahid Punjani, Omar All Hussein Al Awamlh, Kaylee Ho, Karla Ballman, Mark Barone, Quentin Awori, Daniel Ouma, Alice Christensen, Godfrey Kigozi, Marc Goldstein, Philip Li, and Richard Lee Quincy NangQuincy Nang More articles by this author , Spyridon BasourakosSpyridon Basourakos More articles by this author , Nahid PunjaniNahid Punjani More articles by this author , Omar All Hussein Al AwamlhOmar All Hussein Al Awamlh More articles by this author , Kaylee HoKaylee Ho More articles by this author , Karla BallmanKarla Ballman More articles by this author , Mark BaroneMark Barone More articles by this author , Quentin AworiQuentin Awori More articles by this author , Daniel OumaDaniel Ouma More articles by this author , Alice ChristensenAlice Christensen More articles by this author , Godfrey KigoziGodfrey Kigozi More articles by this author , Marc GoldsteinMarc Goldstein More articles by this author , Philip LiPhilip Li More articles by this author , and Richard LeeRichard Lee More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002028.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) is expected to help reduce HIV incidence and transmission given the compelling evidence in adults and adolescents. The ShangRing (SR) is the only World Health Organization prequalified circumcision device for males over 10 years requiring only topical peri-procedural anesthesia. We conducted the first large-scale randomized controlled trial in three sub-Saharan African countries comparing the safety and efficacy of the SR to current standard of care, the Mogen clamp (MoC) in early infants. METHODS: Healthy male infants from 11 sites in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda were equally randomized to EIMC with SR vs. MoC. Patients with congenital genitourinary anomalies, bleeding diathesis, or allergy to local anesthetics were excluded. Patients were followed for 42 days or until completion of healing. The primary endpoint was safety as defined by rates of adverse events. Secondary endpoints included procedural duration, pain (neonatal infant pain scale, NIPS), wound healing time, and parental satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 1378 infant males were enrolled (SR: n=689, MoC: n=689). Patient groups were similar between devices, and within each country. The rates of adverse events were similar between the two groups (6.0% vs. 8.6%, p=0.08). No glandular injury (partial or total transection), severe wound infection, or hemorrhage were recorded. Post-operative mean NIPS scores in the SR and MC groups were 0.3±0.8 vs. 0.3±0.7 (p=0.29) respectively. All participants reached complete healing by post-operative day 42. No statistically significant differences were observed in supplemental local anesthetic rates (2.9% vs. 3%, p=1), procedural duration (mean 12.3±8.0 vs. 12.6±9.1 minutes, p=0.58), parental satisfaction with postoperative cosmesis (99.1% vs. 99.5%, p=0.60), and willingness to recommend circumcision (99.1% vs. 99.7%, p=0.22). CONCLUSIONS: EIMC with the SR is safe and does not significantly differ from the current standard of care. SR represents a unique opportunity to scale up EIMC services by implementing as a single-use device across all age ranges. Broad use of the SR, especially when targeted to males in early life, may further increase rates of circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa and subsequently lead to reductions in HIV transmission. Source of Funding: BMGF © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e511-e511 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Quincy Nang More articles by this author Spyridon Basourakos More articles by this author Nahid Punjani More articles by this author Omar All Hussein Al Awamlh More articles by this author Kaylee Ho More articles by this author Karla Ballman More articles by this author Mark Barone More articles by this author Quentin Awori More articles by this author Daniel Ouma More articles by this author Alice Christensen More articles by this author Godfrey Kigozi More articles by this author Marc Goldstein More articles by this author Philip Li More articles by this author Richard Lee More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Link Acne to the Action Mechanisms of Cryptotanshinone Intervention.

The label-free methods of proteomic combined with metabolomics were applied to explore the mechanisms of Cryptotanshinone (CPT) intervention in rats with acne. The model group consisted of rats given oleic acid (MC), then treated with CPT, while control groups did not receive treatment. The skin samples were significantly different between control, model and CPT-treated groups in hierarchical clustering dendrogram. Obvious separations of the skin metabolic profiles from the three groups were found through PCA scoring. In total, 231 and 189 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in MC and CPT groups, respectively. By the KEGG analysis, five protein and metabolite pathways were found to be significantly altered. These played important roles in response to oleic acid-induced acne and drug treatment. CPT could negatively regulate glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and histidine metabolisms to decrease keratinocyte differentiation and improve excessive keratinization and cellular barrier function. CPT could down-regulate the IL-17 signaling pathway and regulate the acne-driven immune response of sebum cells. The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and linoleic acid pathways could significantly alter sebum production and control sebaceous gland secretion after CPT treatment. The gap junction was up-regulated after CPT treatment and the skin barrier turned back to normal. Krt 14, Krt 16 and Krt 17 were significantly down-regulated, decreasing keratinization, while inflammatory cell infiltration was improved by down-regulation of Msn, up-regulation of linoleic acid and estrogen pathways after CPT treatment. These results propose action mechanisms for the use of CPT in acne, as a safe and potential new drug.

Protective effect of moderate dietary cellulose against antibiotic‐induced growth retardation, blood deterioration and immunosuppression in juvenile yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

The long-term use of antibiotics causes multiple side effects. It is vital to find substances that mitigate these side effects. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of antibiotic stress on the growth and health of yellow catfish and to evaluate the protective effect of supplemented cellulose diets. In this study, the fish were randomly distributed into four groups as follows: Control group (fed with no cellulose), Anti group (fed with antibiotics alone), Anti + MC group (fed with antibiotics and 5% cellulose) and Anti + HC group (fed with antibiotics and 10% cellulose). After 84 days of the experiment, it can be observed that the long-term feeding of antibiotics alone to the fish could lead to a decrease in weight gain, increase in feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), decline in serum total protein and globulin contents, increase in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities (p < 0.05) and decline in serum immunoglobulin M, complement 3 and 4 contents and lysozyme activity (p < 0.05). Besides, compared with long-term feeding of antibiotics alone, the long-term feeding of antibiotics in combination with 5% cellulose significantly ameliorated the antibiotic-induced changes in growth performances, and haematological and immunological parameters. Overall, our results showed that the long-term feeding of antibiotics can lead to physiological disorder in juvenile yellow catfish. The simultaneous long-term administration of moderate dietary cellulose and antibiotics might alleviate antibiotic-induced growth retardation, blood deterioration and immunosuppression.

P50. The clinical significance and inter-observer reliability of the Modic changes grading score

<h3>BACKGROUND CONTEXT</h3> MC is present in up to 50% of all chronic low back pain patients. MRI finding of MC is associated with low back pain and disability. However, previous studies have shown heterogeneous results regarding the association and the clinical relevance of MC. A grading score for MC has been previously proposed, but the association between the extent of MC involvement in the vertebral body, or MC grade and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) has not been investigated. <h3>PURPOSE</h3> To evaluate the clinical significance and inter-observer reliability of the MC grading score in patients with low back pain and MC. <h3>STUDY DESIGN/SETTING</h3> A register-based study including an intra- and inter-reliability assessment of the Modic change(s) (MC) grading score. <h3>PATIENT SAMPLE</h3> MRI-scans from patients who had a discectomy registered in the Danish national spine register, DaneSpine, were reviewed. Based on the MRI findings the patients were divided into two groups: +MC and -MC.n=300. <h3>OUTCOME MEASURES</h3> The association between MC grade and disability as measured by ODI and EQ-5D were analyzed by t-test. <h3>METHODS</h3> The MRI of patients +MC were graded using the MC grading score from A-C where grade A in the midsagittal vertebral plane affects less than 25 % of the vertebral height grade B between 25% and 50% and grade C more than 50%. All MRIs were reviewed by two physicians to evaluate the intra- and inter-reliability of the MC grading score. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In total 300 patients were included, of these 150 had MC- 73 patients with MC-1 and 77 patients with MC-2. Of the +MC group, 34% had Grade A changes, 45% Grade B, and 21% Grade C. A scatter-plot showed that some patients with Grade B had worse PROs than some patients with grade C. Thus, patients were stratified into Grade A vs Grade B-C. A statistically significant higher percentage of patients with MC-1 had grade B-C changes compared to patients with MC-2 (p<0.001). Grade B-C changes were significantly associated with a worse preoperative ODI-score, 44 vs 52 (p=0.02) and EQ-5D 0.46 vs 0.26 (p=0.05) compared to Grade A. The intra- and inter-reliability of the MC grading score demonstrated substantial reliability, Intra Kappa=0.73, and Inter Kappa=0.64. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The current study found a significant difference in the vertical extent of MC between MC-1 and MC-2. An increased vertical extent of the intervertebral MC was significantly associated with worse preoperative PROs. The reliability for the grading score was substantial for both intra- and interobserver reliability in a clinically relevant population. We suggest that further studies on degenerative spine changes include a description of the vertebral extent of MC as an MC grading score. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of this tool in clinical decision-making and guidance of patients with MC suffering from back pain. <h3>FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS</h3> This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

Burr hole craniostomy versus minicraniotomy in chronic subdural hematoma: a comparative cohort study

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical diseases. In surgical management of CSDH, there is a lack of standardized guidelines concerning surgical techniques and a lack of consensus on which technique(s) are optimal. Neurosurgical centers have shown a wide variation in surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare two different surgical techniques, one burr hole craniostomy with an active subgaleal drain (BHC) and minicraniotomy with a passive subdural drain (MC).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study at two neurosurgical centers in Sweden which included patients with unilateral CSDHs that received surgical treatment with either BHC or MC. The primary outcomes in comparison of the techniques were 30-day mortality, recurrence rate, and complications according to the Landriel Ibañez grading system for complications.ResultsA total of 1003 patients were included in this study. The BHC subgroup included 560 patients, and the MC subgroup included 443 patients. A 30-day mortality when comparing BHC (2.3%) and MC (2.7%) was similar (p = 0.701). Comparing recurrence rate for BHC (8.9%) and MC (10.8%) showed no significant difference (p = 0.336). We found that medical complications were significantly more common in the MC group (p = 0.001). Surgical complications (type IIb) was also associated with the MC group (n = 10, p = 0.003). Out of the 10 patients with type IIb complications in the MC group, 8 had postoperative acute subdural hematomas.ConclusionsBHC was comparable to MC concerning 30-day mortality rate and recurrence rates. We did, however, find that MC was significantly associated with medical complications and serious surgical postoperative complications.

Metabolic responses of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) to different levels of dietary carbohydrate.

There are great differences in metabolic responses to different levels of carbohydrate among different carnivorous fish species. To explore metabolic responses of Chinese perch to moderate and high level of dietary carbohydrates, three diets containing 7.3% (LC), 17.5% (MC), and 27.5% (HC) of carbohydrates were provided to Chinese perch for 56days. The results showed that MC and HC groups exhibited an increase in weight gain (WG) and hepatic glycogen content, and a decrease in feed conversion efficiency, compared with the LC group. The MC and HC groups also showed the increase in mRNA levels of phosphofructokinase and citrate synthase related to the aerobic oxidation pathway, which might be responsible for the increase in WG. Moreover, compared with the LC group, the HC group exhibited high levels of plasma indices (glucose, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein) and liver lipid resulting from the increased mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, and fatty acid synthase), low level of crude protein caused by inhibition of TOR pathway, and liver damage induced by low antioxidant capacity and infiltration of inflammatory cells, but the MC group did not. The above results indicated that 17.5% dietary carbohydrate might be utilized effectively in Chinese perch and part carbohydrates were converted into glycogen to maintain glucose homeostasis; 27.5% dietary carbohydrate could not be fully utilized. The 27.5% carbohydrate diet induced the up-regulation of aerobic oxidation, glycogen synthesis, and fat synthesis pathways which might not be sufficient to maintain glucose homeostasis.

Capacity of Japanese institutions to manage obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation in 2018: A national surveillance questionnaire and retrospective cohort study.

To investigate the management of obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan. We sent a surveillance questionnaire to 2299 institutions to collect details about the deliveries they performed in 2018. We investigated differences in the management of obstetrical DIC among three types of institutions: perinatal medical centers (PMCs), general hospitals with obstetrical facilities (GHs), and maternal clinics with beds (MCs). We received responses from 703 institutions (30.6% of the total mailed) with results of 306 799 women who gave birth in 2018. In Japan, the potential to treat postpartum hemorrhage and obstetrical DIC was high in the PMC group, moderate in the GH group, and low in the MC group. The incidence of obstetrical DIC in the PMC group (0.44%) was significantly higher than that in the GH (0.21%) and MC (0.06%) groups. The mortality of women with obstetrical DIC in PMCs (1.3%) was similar to that in GHs (0.6%) and MCs (0.0%). The percentages of PMCs that always or sometimes transfused fresh frozen plasma or fibrinogen concentrates (100% and 42.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the GH (88.2% and 29.5%, respectively) and MC groups (29.4% and 5.3%, respectively). Furthermore, institutions whose internal protocols mandated that replacement therapy be always administered in women with obstetrical DIC scores of ≥8 had similar protocols to those for women with fibrinogen levels of ≤1.5g/L. The capacity to provide therapy for postpartum hemorrhage and obstetrical DIC varied widely among the three groups of institutions.

Alteration on redox status in saliva of microcephaly children

Microcephaly is described as a reduction of the head circumference, due to the premature fusion of the bones of the skull, preventing the brain from growing normally and reaching its maximum development. This condition may result in neurological disorders, phonation and chewing dysfunction, dysphagia and risk of malnutrition. This alteration contributes to oral hygiene impairment, and continuous uses of the antipsychotic and anticonvulsant medication. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if microcephaly modified redox balance in saliva. Our hypothesis is that in the microcephalic patient's salivary oxidative stress is lower because of the increase in antioxidant defenses. The study included 13 patients with microcephaly (microcephalic group – MC) and 12 patients without neurological disorders (normocephalic group – NC), from zero to ten years old, no edentulous. Saliva was collected using a cotton wool swab, placing it on the child's mouth floor. After centrifugation, supernatants were fractionated and stored at -80 °C for analyses. Lipid oxidative was evaluated by TBARS methods, total antioxidant capacity by the ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay, uric acid (UA) was quantified by modified Trinder reaction, and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) by inhibition of the pyrogallol auto-oxidation. Total protein was measured using the method of Lowry. Compared to NC group, TBARS was significantly lower in MC group, while FRAP, UA and SOD were higher. Our hypothesis was confirmed. MC patients have lower salivary oxidative stress, due to increased oxidant defenses.