MB Type Research Articles

Root-crown ratio and root canal configuration of Egyptian primary molars sample using CBCT and Clearing Technique: An invitro study

Background: The study of dental morphological characteristics is essential in research as it can provide information about diversities within a population and can also aid in clinical practice.Aim: This work aimed to study the size and root canal morphology of primary molars in a sample of the Egyptian population.Materials and Methods: Eighty primary molars were randomly selected from extracted teeth in children seeking dental treatment. The following measurements were performed: the crown height, root length, root trunk length from the buccal aspect, R/C ratio and mesiodistal dimension of the crown at the contacts. Whereas, the root canal morphology was studied using cone beam computed tomography and clearing technique. Statistical analysis of the previous data was tabulated.Results: The mean mesiodistal crown width of deciduous mandibular first molar was 7.64mm, while that of the maxillary was 6.76mm respectively. It was found that the mean R/C ratio for the deciduous mandibular first molar was 1.45, while that of the maxillary was 1.58. As for the mean mesiodistal crown width of deciduous mandibular second molar was 9.71mm, while that of the maxillary the mean was 8.36mm respectively. Regarding R/C ratio, the mean R/C in the mandibular second molar was 1.79, while for the maxillary the mean was 1.74. The most common canal configuration for deciduous mandibular first molar is type IV in the mesial root and type I in the distal. Type II was the most relevant in the MB root of a deciduous maxillary first molar. Meanwhile, type I was the most common in the DB and type I in the palatal. Deciduous mandibular second molar showed type II and IV as the most common canal configurations in the mesial root and type IV in the distal. As for the maxillary deciduous second molar, type IV was the most common in the MB and DB roots and type I and IV in the palatal roots.Conclusions: Morphological characteristics of primary molars in a sample of Egyptian population were consistent with those of other studies performed in different communities using a similar methodology.

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and highly sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) as markers of myocardial injury and cardiovascular events in elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Type 4a myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when myocardial injury is combined with either symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischaemia, new left bundle branch block, angiographic loss of patency of a major artery or imaging suggestive of new loss of myocardium. Myocardial injury is defined as a rise of >5 x 99th upper reference limit (URL) of 14 ng/l (i.e. >70 ng/l) for highly sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) at 6 h if hsTnT was normal at baseline or >20% rise from 0 to 6 h if hsTnT was >14 ng/l at baseline. To assess the prognostic value of biomarkers of myocardial injury following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A cohort of 209 patients were included of whom 144 (68.9%) were male, mean age was 68.8 years, 28 (13.4%) were smokers, 31 (14.8%) were diabetic, 199 (95.2%) had hypercholesterolaemia and 138 (66.0%) had hypertension. We evaluated hsTnT, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), troponin I (TnI), creatine kinase MB type (CKMB), myoglobin, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) and carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) at 0, 4, 6 and 24 h following elective PCI. Patients were followed up at 1 year to assess for major adverse clinical events (MACE). Myocardial injury was observed in 37 (17.7%) patients. Median hsTnT/H-FABP at 4 h were most predictive. MACE was noted in 6 (2.9%) patients, 3 had type 4a MI post PCI, P = 0.036. Median 4 h hsTnT/H-FABP were most predictive of myocardial injury following PCI. H-FABP and hsTnT were predictive of MACE.

Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-4 Levels of Multibacillary Leprosy Patients Before and After Rifampicine Ofloxacine Minocycline Combined Therapy

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which is an obligate intracellular bacteria. This study aims to determine the interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 levels of multibacillary leprosy patients before and after Rifampicine Ofloxacine Minocycline (ROM) combined therapy for three months. The research used an analytic observational design with the prospective cohort study pre and post treatment method. The samples were taken at the polyclinic of Skin Treatment Central Public hospital and Ibnu Sina hospital. Samples examination was conducted in the NECHRI laboratory, Hasanuddin University Teaching hospital. The samples were ten new patients of MB type leprosy. Blood samples were taken before and after the ROM therapy for three months. The levels of interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 were assessed using the ELISA technique. The results shows that there is no significant change in the levels of interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 in the patients of multibacillary leprosy before and after ROM therapy for three months.

Impact of Myocardial Bridge-mural Coronary Artery on Myocardial Blood Supply.

Objective To explore the impact of myocardial bridge-mural coronary artery (MB-MCA) on myocardial blood supply. Methods The imaging data of 74 patients with the isolate MB in the left anterior descending artery undergoing 256-slice CT coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into incomplete and complete MB types. The length of MB and the systolic stenosis degree of MCA were measured.The type and length of MB and the systolic stenosis degree of MCA (according to Noble grade) were compared between the normal and abnormal MPI groups. The clinical characteristics including age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history were also reviewed. Results There were 38 incomplete MB cases and 13 complete MB cases in the normal MPI group,and 5 and 18 in the abnormal MPI group (χ2=18.134,P=0.000). The MB length in the normal and abnormal MPI group were (14.7±3.7) mm and (15.5±4.5) mm (t=0.804,P=0.424). However, the systolic stenosis degree of MCA showed significant difference (χ2=17.839,P=0.000). The clinical characteristics were not significantly differentt between the normal and abnormal MPI groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The MB type and the systolic stenosis degree of MCA can affect myocardial perfusion.Patients with complete MB and the moderate-to-severe systolic stenosis degree of MCA are more susceptible to myocardial ischemia. However, the MB length is not correlated with myocardial ischemia.

A Study of the Morphology of Deciduous Mandibular Second Molars

Objectives. Variability in tooth morphology plays a significant role in the achievable results of restorative treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify variations in morphology of deciduous mandibular second molars and to compare their crown sizes and shapes in order to provide a detailed description of the morphological characteristics of these teeth. Methods. The materials consisted of 142 (71 from boys and 71 from girls) dental stone casts of complete deciduous mandibular arches. Standardized photographs of the occlusal surfaces of the stone casts were obtained. The selected reference points on the photographs were digitized by an image analyzer, converted to an X-Y coordinate system, and input into a personal computer for data analysis. Eight linear and eight angular measurements were taken for each deciduous mandibular second molar. The deciduous mandibular second molars were classified as five-, six-, seven- and eight-cusp groups. Results. Thirty-six percent of the deciduous mandibular second molars were comprised of five cusps, 52% were comprised of six cusps, 11% were comprised of seven cusps, and 1% was comprised of eight cusps. The eight-cusp group had three accessory cusps (ML, MR, and D). The six-cusp group was subdivided into 6ML, 6MB, and 6D types, while the seven-cusp group was subdivided into 7MLD and 7MLMB types according to the positions of the accessory cusp. Most teeth in the six-cusp group were of the 6ML type. Measurements of Ll, L2, L5, and A6 were significantly smalle; in the five-cusp group than in the 6ML type in boys; however, no significant difference was observed in girls. Conclusions. The crown shape and size of deciduous mandibular second molars might be influenced by the existence of an accessory cusp in Taiwanese boys.

Circulating MicroRNA-146a and MicroRNA-21 Predict Left Ventricular Remodeling after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objectives: MicroRNA (miR)-146a and miR-21 have been reported to participate in inflammatory reactions and fibrosis. Excessive inflammation and cardiac fibrosis may play important roles in the development of left ventricular remodeling (LVR). This study assessed whether miR-146a, miR-21 and other biomarkers could predict LVR after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Circulating miR-146a, miR-21 and other biomarker levels were measured in 198 patients with acute MI 5 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All patients were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography on day 5 and 1 year after primary PCI. Results: Concentrations of circulating miR-146a, miR-21, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase MB type and troponin I, as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were significantly higher in patients with than in those without LVR (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that circulating miR-146a (odds ratio, OR = 2.127, p < 0.0001), miR-21 (OR = 1.119, p < 0.0001), eGFR (OR = 0.939, p = 0.0137) and LVEF (OR = 0.802, p = 0.0048) were independent predictors of LVR development. The area under the curve for the combination of miR-146a and miR-21 was significantly higher than for either alone. Conclusion: Circulating miR-146a and miR-21 may be novel biomarkers predictive of LVR after acute MI. Their combination may better predict LVR than either alone.

CHARACTERISTICS OF KUSTA PATIENTS WITH DISEASE DEGREES 2 IN KINGTA ALVERNO SINGKAWANG Hospital YEAR 2010-2013

Abstract. Leprosy has been a health problem because of the grade 2 disabilities. According to the data from Ministry of Health of Indonesia in 2011, there were 2 052 cases of grade 2 leprosy in Indonesia. Objective of this research is to describe the characteristics of leprosy patients with grade 2 disabilities at Alverno Leprosy Hospital Singkawang in 2010-2013. It was a descriptive study with cross sectional approach. There were 23 samples and most of them were found to be at the age of 15-60 years old, male (83%), graduated from primary school (48%), worked as farmer/fisherman (75%), MB type (65%), had history of type 1 reaction (61%), had neuritis history (83%), had disability on feet (49%), complied to the treatment (83%), the disability was found at the diagnosis (48%), and had the symptoms for more than 1 year (91%). Most of the leprosy patients with grade 2 disabilities were found to be at the productive age (15-60 years), male, worked as farmer/fisherman, graduated from primary school, MB type, had disability on feet, the disability was found at the diagnosis, had history of type 1 reaction and neuritis, complied to the treatment and had the symptoms for more than 1 year.

Chemical Distribution and Structure of Quaternary Metal Chelates in Aqueous Solution Involving Asparagine and Uracil

Ternary and quaternary metal chelates of some biologically important bivalent transition metal ions viz. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) formed with biologically significant ligands, viz. Asparagine (A) and Uracil (B) have been investigated. The relevant stability constants and complexation equilibria of quaternary metal chelates in solution at 30±1 oC and at constant ionic strength (I=0.1M NaNO3) have been studied potentiometrically. Equilibrium concentrations of all species in multimetal-multiligand system, concentration of each metal and complexing agent have been calculated. Species distribution curves are obtained by plotting percent (%) concentration of the species obtained through SCOGS computer technique against pH. The distribution curves are finally sketched by running the computer program ORIGIN 4.0. The metal ligand formation constant of MA, MB, MAB and M1M2AB type of complexes follow Irving William order. The order of stability constants of quaternary systems has been observed and solution structures of metal complexes with said ligands have been discussed.

AUDIO VIDEO SYNCHRONIZATION USING BITSTREAM SYNTAX

This paper has proposal to develop audio-video synchronization in the bit-stream syntax using the Slice type and Macro-Block usage. The Media file like MP4, MOV and M4Vcontainer formats consists of both Audio and Video packed as tracks. The Video is encoded in H.264 format while Audio is encoded in AAC formats. There is a common way to achieve synchronization by looking into the type of Slice and the type of MB. This can be achieved by scanning across all the atoms present within the Media data. Time synchronization can be achieved by taking input from the Sample to Time atoms and feeding the data into Auxiliary units. The Slice type plays important role for synchronization as the decode order and display order for Video are different and sufficient time is taken to decode the video based on Profile, Level, type and number of Macroblocks for High profile. So the synchronization can be achieved for a Program stream or a Digital storage medium playback by synchronizing the formats based on type of slice information.

Multiple Equilibria and Chemical Distribution of Some Bio Metals With β-Amide α-Aminosuccinate And α - Aminoisoverate as Primary Ligand and 5-Methyl 2, 4 Dioxopyrimidine as Secondary Ligand

Solution Chemistry of some bivalent metal ions (viz. Co II , Ni II ,Cu II ,Zn II ) with β-amide α- aminosuccinate (Asparagine)/ α-aminoisoverate( Valine ) (A) and 5-methyl 2,4- dioxopyrimidine ( Thymine ) (B)ligands have been analyzed. Formation constant of quaternary metal complexes and complexation equilibria at 30±1oC and at constant ionic strength (I=0.1M NaNO3 ) have been explored potentiometrically. Formation of quaternary species in addition to hydroxyl, protonated, binary and ternary species have been reported. Overall formation constant have been evaluated using SCOGS computer program.Species distribution curves of complexes have been plotted as a function of pH to visualize the equlibria system and was refined using ORIGIN program.The metal ligand formation constant of MA,MB,MAB and M1M2AB type of complexes follow Irving William order. The order of stability constants of quaternary systems have been observed as: Cu - Ni > Cu -Zn > Cu-Co > Ni - Zn > Ni - Co > Co -Zn. Solution structures of metal complexes with said ligands have been compared and discussed.

Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of medulloblastoma

Two medulloblastoma variants were recently added to the WHO classification of CNS tumours. We retrospectively analysed the imaging findings of 37 classic and 27 cases of variant medulloblastomas to identify imaging characteristics that might suggest a particular MB subtype. Sixty-four patients from three institutions were included. Location, tumour margins, signal intensities on conventional MRI, enhancement pattern, the presence of haemorrhage, calcifications and hydrocephalus were recorded and analysed. Signal characteristics on diffusion-weighted MR images and MR spectra were evaluated when available. Thirty-seven classic type of MB (CMB), twelve cases of desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma (DMB), nine medulloblastomas with extensive nodularity (MB-EN), five cases of anaplastic and one of large-cell medulloblastoma were included. Fifty of 64 tumours were located in the 4th ventricle region. On T2WI, CMB were all hyperintense, whereas DMB and MB-EN showed isointensity in up to 66%. One third of the classic MB showed only subtle marginal or linear enhancement. All medulloblastoma variants showed marked enhancement. The results of our study suggest: (a) an age-dependent distribution of MB variants, with DMB and MB-EN more common in younger children; (b) a female predominance in DMB; (c) a more common off-midline location in DMB (50%) and MB-EN (33%) variants.

P62+ Hyaline Inclusions in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Associated With Viral Hepatitis or Alcoholic Liver Disease

Mallory bodies (MBs) and hyaline globules (HGs) are recognized as hepatocellular cytoplasmic inclusions in liver diseases. We reviewed 123 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and encountered 16 cases (13.0%) in which cancer cells had MB-type inclusions and/or HG-type inclusions, both of which are positive for p62 and ubiquitin. The HG type was present in all 16 cases, and 5 cases contained the MB type. Of 16 patients, 12 had chronic liver disease that was related to alcoholic abuse in 4, hepatitis B surface antigen-positive in 3, and hepatitis C virus antibody-positive in 8. Viral infection and liver cirrhosis were more common in ICCs with p62+ inclusions (P = .0004 and P = .0199, respectively). Of 16 ICCs, 15 with hyaline inclusions had a peripheral tumor location (P = .0052). On ultrastructural examination, the MB type had an electron-dense fibrillar appearance, while the HG type appeared as rounded masses of granular materials. Our results suggest that intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies occasionally can be found in cholangiocarcinoma with chronic liver disease related to viral hepatitis or alcoholic intake.

An effective GM/LM-based video error concealment

Error concealment (EC) techniques are often utilized at decoder side to improve reconstructed videos, in case of some information is lost during transmission on a wireless or band-width limited communication channel. In this paper, a global motion/local motion (GM/LM)-based error concealment method is proposed. First, the correct-macro-blocks (CMBs) are classified into global motion compensated MBs and local motion compensated MBs adaptively. Then, an erroneous MB (EMB) is classified into one of the three types: global motion MB (GMB), local motion MB (LMB), and global/local overlapping MB (GLMB) according to the MB type information in its neighbors. For the EMB with its type, GMB is recovered using the global motion vector (GMV). The EMB with its type LMB is recovered using the average motion vector information. And for the MB with its type GLMB, a recursive boundary matching strategy is utilized to search an optimal recovering motion vector. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed GM/LM-based error concealment method.

Design of an ultimate quencher free molecular beacon containing pyrrolocytidine-guanine base pair

A novel quencher free molecular beacon was designed in which fluorophore-labelled pyrrolocytidine was placed away from the stem terminal. This new type of MB was used for the detection of a target DNA with an excellent efficiency.

Cardiac troponin I for accurate evaluation of cardiac status in myopathic patients

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are standard indexes for cardiac function. However, they can not reveal myocardial damage directly and they often remain normal even in advanced cardiomyopathy in immobilized patients. Myocardial markers such as MB type of creatine kinase (CK-MB), heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and cardiac troponins are expected to evaluate active myocardial degeneration. However, their availabilities in these patients have not been examined yet. Methods: Participants were 129 patients with dystrophinopathies; 100 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 25 Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and 4 DMD/BMD carriers. Various serological cardiac indexes, including CK-MB, H-FABP, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), BNP and LVEF were measured and statistical analysis was done. Results: CK-MB and H-FABP was highly associated with creatine kinase (CK). On the contrary, cTnI, BNP and LVEF were independent from CK. In DMD, relatively high cTnI values were observed in patients with motor ability of rowing wheelchair and in their second decade. BNP and LVEF was strongly correlated. However, cTnI was independent from LVEF and only weak correlation could be detected between cTnI and BNP. Conclusion: cTnI had been proven to be expressed in myocardium exclusively. Our results also certified that cTnI can assess cardiac degeneration independently from skeletal muscle degeneration and is practical index even in myopathic patients. Our findings also suggested that cardiac degeneration was preceded to functional impairment in many cases. It indicated that cTnI enable us to detect early stage of cardiac degeneration and initiate intervention at proper stage.

Bacterial expression and characterization of molluscan IDO-like myoglobin

The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-like myoglobin (Mb) is a unique type of Mb isolated from the buccal mass of several archgastropod species. Here, we expressed Sulculus diversicolor IDO-like Mb as a GST-fusion protein in bacteria. The visible spectrum of GST-fusion IDO-like Mb shows characteristic α- and β-peaks, indicating that it binds oxygen. To identify residues important in heme and oxygen binding, we constructed site-directed mutants. We initially replaced each of the 7 histidines of S. diversicolor IDO-like Mb with alanine. The spectra of three mutants (H74A, H288A, and H332A) revealed a remarkable loss of absorbance around 414 nm, indicating that they cannot bind heme. His 74, His 288, and His 332 were also replaced by arginine or tyrosine. Neither H332R nor H332Y contains heme, suggesting that His 332 is the proximal ligand of IDO-like Mb. In contrast, both H74R and H288Y mutants were isolated in the heme-binding oxy-form. The autoxidation rates of these two mutants showed that they can bind oxygen as stably as wild-type. His 74 and His 288 might be partially associated with heme-binding, but do not act as the distal ligand. The S. diversicolor IDO-like Mb seems to stably bind oxygen in a different manner from normal myoglobins.

Electric-field-induced orthorhombic to monoclinic MB phase transition in [111] electric field cooled Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3O3)–30%PbTiO3 crystals

Structural phase transformations of [111] electric field cooled (FC) Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.30PbTiO3 crystals have been performed by x-ray diffraction. A phase sequence of cubic (C)→tetragonal (T)→orthorhombic (O)→monoclinic (M) was found in the FC condition. The finding of a=b&amp;gt;c demonstrates that the M phase is of the MB type.

Evolution of short-range to long-range monoclinic order of MB type with decreasing temperature in 0.75[Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3]-0.25PbTiO3

Results of Rietveld analysis of powder neutron diffraction data on 0.75[Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3]-0.25PbTiO3 (PMN-0.25PT) at room temperature and 80K are presented. It is shown that the currently believed structural model based on average rhombohedral structure (space group R3m) with local ⟨110⟩ disordered Pb atoms cannot account for the structure of PMN-0.25PT at 80K. The low temperature structure of PMN-0.25PT is best refined using Cm space group of MB type. It is argued that with decreasing temperature the short-range monoclinic order at 300K grows into a truly long-range ordered monoclinic structure at 80K.

Evaluation of leprosy patients with 1 to 5 skin lesions with relevance to their grouping into paucibacillary or multibacillary disease

Patients with 1 to 5 skin lesions are arbitrarily categorized as belonging to the paucibacillary (PB) group for treatment purposes. With the decreasing prevalence of leprosy in India and modifications in leprosy program, the relevance of this grouping needs further study. To study a group of leprosy patients with 1 to 5 skin lesions and compare the clinical parameters with histopathological findings and bacteriological status of the skin and nerve to evaluate the relevance of this grouping. Seventy seven patients of leprosy with 1 to 5 skin lesions were included in the study. The number of skin lesions was recorded. Slit skin smears (SSS) and skin biopsies were taken in all patients and nerve biopsy was performed in 19 of them. The biopsies were evaluated for the type of pathology and AFB status. In these 77 patients (single skin lesions, 42; two lesions, 18; three lesions, 10; four lesions, 5; and five lesions, 2 patients) the clinical classification was indeterminate leprosy (IL) in 4, tuberculoid leprosy (TT) in 4 patients and borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) in 69 patients. Skin smears were positive only in 1 patient. The histological diagnoses in the skin were IL in 13, TT in 3, BT in 48 and borderline lepromatous (BL) in 4 patients. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were found in 14 out of 77 skin biopsies. Of the 19 nerve biopsies, 17 showed histological features of BT leprosy; of these, 12 demonstrated AFB on Fite staining. The bacillary index of granuloma (BIG) ranged from 1+ to 2+. The clinico-histopathogical correlation was 63% in the BT group, with 4 patients of this group showing features of BL on histopathology. When the presence of AFB was assessed, the percentage of positivity was 1.3% in SSS, 18% in skin biopsies and 63% in nerve biopsies. Our results point to the non-homogeneous nature of this group of leprosy patients with 1 to 5 skin lesions, with varied bacteriological and histopathological features. The significance of MB type findings on histopathology in patients grouped as PB leprosy should be resolved so that these patients may be given the drug therapy and the duration of therapy they warrant.

Characterization of a Brassica napus myrosinase pseudogene: myrosinases are members of the BGA family of ?-glycosidases

Myrosinase isoenzymes are known to be encoded by two different families of genes denoted MA and MB. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a Brassica napus genomic clone containing a gene for myrosinase revealed it to be a pseudogene of the MA family. The gene spans more than 5 kb and contains at least 12 exons. The exon sequence of the gene is highly similar to myrosinase cDNA sequences. However, the gene displays three potential or actual pseudogene characters. Southern blot analysis using probes from the 3' portions of the genomic and B. napus MA and MB cDNA clones showed that MA type myrosinases are encoded by approximately 4 genes, while MB type myrosinases are encoded by more than 10 genes in B. napus. Northern blots with mRNA from seeds and young leaves probed with the MA- and MB-specific probes showed that the MA and MB myrosinase gene families are differentially expressed. Myrosinases are highly similar to proteins of a beta-glycosidase enzyme family comprising both beta-glycosidases and phospho-beta-glycosidases of as diverged species as archaebacteria, bacteria, mammals and plants. By homology to these beta-glycosidases, putative active site residues in myrosinase are discussed on the basis of the similarity between beta-glycosidases and cellulases.