Maximum Visibility Research Articles

Impact of visibility on indoor retail store rent

PurposeThe aim of this research is to provide a new understanding of the concept of visibility in the realm of property research. Further, this study could propose a more accurate way of calculating retail unit rental price based on visibility. An accurate visibility quantification can influence rent negotiations between shopping mall management and potential tenants. This study can also assist shopping center management, shop owners and architects to have a better mechanism for determining the visibility value and the effect on the retail unit rental price.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from 153 indoor retail stores in Jakarta and a sequential-transformative mixed method to answer an important question for modern retail management: How much would indoor store visibility affect rent? The authors developed a method to accurately measure an indoor retail store's object-based isovist – a visual field in which a number of observers can view the particular indoor store.FindingsThe study found that on average, each additional square meter person of visibility increases indoor retail rent price as much as IDR 40.74/sq m/month (USD 0.0027). Since visibility value is a variable with the greatest inter-store variation in this data set, the rent price difference between two stores with maximum and minimum visibility can reach IDR 100,904.62/sq m/month (USD 6.90). This finding is not just statistically but also financially significant since indoor inter-store retail rent price variation that can be directly attributed to visibility is about 38.4% of the average rent price in this data set.Practical implicationsAlong with the rapid growth of e-commerce, numerous commercial properties are struggling to provide customers with a positive and distinct experience. Improving visibility can be a key spatial factor that will help shopping center designers, owners and management. The authors’ research can help shopping mall managers determine each store's optimum rent based on its visibility when negotiating with potential tenants.Originality/valueThe aim of this research is to provide a new understanding of the concept of appearance in the realm of property research. Further, this study could propose a more accurate way of calculating retail unit rental price according to the concept of visibility.

P004 Strategies and Unmet Needs to Reduce Household Food Waste Reported by Self-identified Food Conservers

<h3>Background</h3> In the United States, about 30% of edible food produced is wasted, and 20% is wasted at the consumer level. Yet, an estimated 35% of Americans "put a lot of effort" into wasted food reduction, suggesting an opportunity to learn from these food conservers through positive deviance inquiry. <h3>Objective</h3> The purpose of the study was to identify food conservation practices, psychosocial drivers, and unmet waste mitigation needs of self-identified food conservers. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Adult, self-identified food conservers were recruited online and screened for criteria of age and food procurement/preparation responsibility. Eligible participants completed a 90-minute virtual focus group and survey consisting of previously validated questions assessing household food waste amounts, behaviors and attitudes. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Verbatim focus group transcripts were dual coded and thematically analyzed using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach. <h3>Results</h3> A total of n = 27 participants completed the questionnaire and one of six focus groups consisting of 3-6 participants each. The majority of the participants were White (48%) or Asian (41%), female (67%), had a college degree (74%), had on average 2.6 members in their residence, and made above the US median household income (56%). Reported strategies to reduce food waste included meal planning, creating and adhering to shopping lists, food inventory management, anti-depth organization of food storage spaces to promote maximum visibility, meal prepping, cooking meals in the home and repurposing leftovers. Participants reported intentions to avoid waste, confidence in their ability to reduce waste, and personal and subjective norms that encourage mitigation efforts. Participants reported needing assistance determining optimal produce storage methods and desired opportunities to learn from other food conservers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Self-identified food conservers reported a variety of household food waste mitigation strategies, which could be leveraged to positively influence other households. While these findings suggest relatively high food literacy among self-identified food conservers, addressing their unmet needs may improve waste mitigation. <h3>Funding</h3> USDA; UIUC Division of Nutritional Sciences Vision 20/20

Functional Implications of Oral Papillomatosis

The papillomatous lesion has a number of implications that destabilize the normal functioning of the stomatognathic system, but also it has psychological implications. A patient with a papilloma located in an area of maximum visibility tends to be less exposed in public, to reduce socialization, to feel embarrassed. Oral papilloma affects the masticatory function, phonation, but also aesthetics. Understanding how local immunity works in patients diagnosed with oral papilloma is essential. Local immunity influences the evolution of the papillomatous oral lesion. Toll-like receptors are extremely important in the immune process of oral papilloma. Toll-like receptors can be used as indicators of lesion progression. A reduced expression of these receptors in the focus of the lesion is suggestive of pathological progress. It is also emphasized that in the oral cavity we find a well-represented local immune system which cells have an immune role and whose expression influences the evolution of the disease. The most incriminating factor in the occurrence of oral papilloma is HPV infection. The persistent inflammatory process produced by the HPV virus stimulates the development of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal neoplasms. The HPV virus acts as a direct inducer in the process of transforming the benign lesion into a malignant lesion. Macrophages play an important role in the malignancy potential induced by the HPV virus. Macrophages are activated by increasing the metabolic rate and fighting tumor cells.

Multi-UAVs collaborative tracking of moving target with maximized visibility in urban environment

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with limited field of view are utilized to track a moving ground target continuously in urban environment. In urban environment, the sight lines of UAVs to the target are easily blocked by dense obstacles. To overcome this difficulty, the model predictive control (MPC) based collaborative tracking control is proposed with the goal of the maximum visibility of target. First, a visible probability based performance index is proposed, and the flight planning strategy of maximum the phase difference is obtained as a consequence. Then a centralized MPC based collaborative control problem is solved to obtain the optimal control signals. The joint cost function consists of four parts which aims at tracking target, avoiding collision, avoiding the blind area and maintaining the maximum visibility, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed collaborative strategy is verified by simulation. Compared with the traditional MPC-based collaborative method, the proposed maximum visible probability index provides an optimal dynamic formation structure for multi UAVs to guarantee the tracking of the moving ground target in urban environment.

Comparing panic alarm systems for high-risk domestic abuse victims: a randomised controlled trial on prevention and criminal justice system outcomes

BackgroundThe use of panic alarm systems for victims of domestic abuse is becoming increasingly popular. However, tests of these devices are rare. Consequently, it is presently unknown whether domestic abuse offenders are deterred by warning stickers informing them that a panic alarm system is installed on the premises, or whether alarm systems reduce domestic abuse recidivism. There is also a lack of data regarding whether adding an audio-recording feature to the panic alarm results in more prosecutions of domestic abuse offenders compared to standard panic alarm systems. Measuring the efficacy of warning stickers and audio recordings will enhance understanding of the overall effectiveness of panic alarm systems for domestic abuse.MethodsThis study used a pre-test-post-test, control group design, in which 300 eligible high-risk domestic abuse victims in London, UK, were randomly allocated to either a standard panic alarm system or a panic alarm system with audio-recording capabilities and a red warning sticker on a durable, A6-size sign displayed at eye level at the entrance to the premises. Each sticker was well lit to ensure maximum visibility. The gain scores of multiple measures at 6 months prior and 6 months post-randomisation were used to assess the treatment effects (including the number of calls for service, recorded crimes, and harm score), and a negative binomial generalised linear model was utilised to estimate the likelihood of criminal charges for domestic abuse offenders in the two systems.OutcomesPre-post comparisons of recidivism suggested an overall reduction in both treatment arms, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two types of alarm systems across these crime measures. Nevertheless, the estimation model indicated a significant 57% increase in charges using the audio-recording alarm relative to the standard panic alarm system.ConclusionsUsing deterrent stickers to warn domestic abuse offenders of panic alarm systems does not lead to a reduction in subsequent harm to victims. Compared to ordinary panic alarms for high-risk domestic abuse victims, audio-recording systems provide valuable evidence that increases subsequent charges, and thus, these systems should be explored further.

Coverage of deformable contour shapes with minimal multi-camera system

Perception over time is a critical problem in those cases where deformable objects are manipulated. The goal of this study is to cover the contour of an object along a deformation process and according to a prescribed coverage objective, in terms of visibility and resolution. This task is carried out by a set of limited field-of-view cameras. We propose novel methods for guaranteeing feasibility of the coverage objectives, which include the computation of the maximum visibility and resolution of the contour. Then, we introduce the coverage objectives in an offline constrained optimization problem to compute a priori the minimum number of cameras that achieve the coverage requirements. Finally, we propose an online technique that provides optimized configurations faster than the offline one, even when the object’s reference deformation is unknown. We report experimental results in which our method achieves 100% of the coverage in simulation and in a real task.

Maximum Visibility: A Novel Approach for Time Series Forecasting Based on Complex Network Theory

This article presents Maximum Visibility Approach (MVA), a new time series forecasting method based on the Complex Network theory. MVA initially maps time series data into a complex network using the visibility graph method. Then, based on the similarity measures between the nodes in the network, MVA calculates the one-step-ahead forecasts. MVA does not use all past terms in the forecasting process, but only the most significant observations, which are indicated as a result of the autocorrelation function. This method was applied to five different groups of data, most of them showing trend characteristics, seasonal variations and/or non-stationary behavior. We calculated error measures to evaluate the performance of MVA. The results of statistical tests and error measures revealed that MVA has a good performance compared to the accuracy obtained by the benchmarks considered in this work. In all cases, MVA surpassed other forecasting methods in Literature, which confirms that this work will contribute to the field of time series forecasting not only in the theoretical aspect, but also in practice.

High fringe visibility fiber sensor based on MMF-FCF-MMF structure for dual-parameter detection

In this paper, a novel optical fiber sensor based on multimode fiber (MMF) - four-core fiber (FCF)-MMF structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device consists of a segment of FCF sandwiched between two MMFs. The MMFs are used to improve the light coupling efficiency between the input single mode fiber (SMF) and the FCF, and the FCF is used as sensing arm. Due to the multipath interference configuration embedded in one fiber, higher phase sensitivity can be obtained in our scheme. The maximum fringe visibility of the interference resonance dips exceeds 26.3 dB. The interference fringe of the sensor would shift with the variation of liquid level and temperature. So it is possible to measure dual-parameter simultaneously by simply monitoring the different wavelength shift. For 10 pm wavelength resolution, the resolution of the sensor is 0.14 cm and 2.08 °C in liquid level and temperature, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor has the advantages of simple fabrication process, good stability, repeatability and high fringe visibility, which mean it has a broad application prospect in liquid level measurement.

VPP: Visibility-Based Path Planning Heuristic for Monitoring Large Regions of Complex Terrain Using a UAV Onboard Camera

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles with multiple onboard sensors has grown significantly in tasks involving terrain coverage such as environmental and civil monitoring, disaster management, and forest fire fighting. Many of these tasks require a quick and early response, which makes maximizing the land covered from the flight path a challenging objective, especially when the area to be monitored is irregular, large and includes many blind spots. Accordingly, state-of-the-art total viewshed algorithms can be of great help to analyze large areas and find new paths providing maximum visibility. This article shows how the total viewshed computation is a valuable tool for generating paths that provide maximum visibility during a flight. We introduce a new heuristic called visibility-based path planning (VPP) that offers a different solution to the path planning problem. VPP identifies the hidden areas of the target territory to generate a path that provides the highest visual coverage. Simulation results show that VPP can cover up to 98.7% of the Montes de Malaga Natural Park and 94.5% of the Sierra de las Nieves National Park, both located within the province of Malaga (Spain) and chosen as regions of interest. In addition, a real flight test confirmed the high visibility achieved using VPP. Our methodology and analysis can be easily applied to enhance monitoring in other large outdoor areas.

Two-color coherent control in photoemission from gold needle tips

We demonstrate coherent control of photoemission from a gold needle tip using a two-color laser field. The relative phase between a fundamental field and its second harmonic imprints a strong modulation on the emitted photocurrent with up to 96.5% visibility. The visibility as a function of the second harmonic intensity can be described by three interfering quantum pathways. Increasing the bias voltage applied to the tip reduces the maximum achievable visibility and modifies the weights of the involved pathways. Simulations based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation reproduce the characteristic cooperative signal and its dependence on the second harmonic intensity, which further confirms the involvement of three emission pathways.

Superstar Museums and global media exposure: mapping the positioning of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao through networks

ABSTRACT Superstar architecture can play a key role in the global positioning of museums in influential mass media, thereby successfully attracting cultural tourism (e.g. the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, GMB). Yet, an evident shortcoming is the mapping of media positioning. The aim of this article is precisely to draw and visualize this positioning of the GMB through networks. Two innovative features characterize this study: first, from a theoretical point of view, it links the debate on Superstar Museums to the broader economic debate on Superstar Economics. Akin to Rosen’s hypothesis, in the case of Superstar Museums, the media exposure is concentrated among a handful of museums. In this context, the authors highlight the role of networks. The central nodes in the networks utilized for the study, depict/stand for museums that have the maximum visibility in the international media. The second innovative feature of the article is the analysis of co-citation networks in articles of the New York Times for two periods (1995–2000 and 2014–2019). The network graphs map the results of this article: the GMB positioned itself effectively with its inauguration in 1997. In addition, 20 years later the GMB still remains quite well positioned.

Ways to increase the efficiency of detection of unmanned aerial vehicles by thermal imaging devices

The possibilities to increase the efficiency of detection of air objects due to the optimized choice of a functional area of an infrared range of electromagnetic waves are mathematically estimated. It is shown that there is a need to use receivers with maximum visibility in longer wavelengths, as well as the need to work in the “transparency windows” of the atmosphere. With low visibility, long-wavelength infrared thermal imaging devices are advantageous at long distances from objects. Devices with more shortwave sensitivity can be effective over short distances. Radar detection methods in many cases are not able to detect small objects with a low reflection coefficient, which is one of the reasons for the small effective scattering area. Known methods of observation using night vision devices and thermal imaging devices, having their advantages, are also ineffective in certain conditions. An attempt is made to combine the advantages of detecting aerial objects by the multi-position radar method with the advantages of thermal imaging devices. A method of illuminating air objects with infrared searchlights is proposed, which implies the presence of many geometrically spaced sources of infrared radiation with a working spectrum combined with areas of “windows of transparency” of the atmosphere and the maximum sensitivity of the thermal imager. In such conditions, the receiver registers the total signal of thermal radiation of the object and the reflected rays of searchlights. Remote control of the spotlight emission, on which the effective scattering area depends linearly, makes it possible to bring it to the level guaranteed with a high probability of detecting a small flying object.

Large Dispersive Interaction between a CMOS Double Quantum Dot and Microwave Photons

We report fast charge state readout of a double quantum dot in a CMOS split-gate silicon nanowire transistor via the large dispersive interaction with microwave photons in a lumped-element resonator formed by hybrid integration with a superconducting inductor. We achieve a coupling rate $g_0/(2\pi) = 204 \pm 2$ MHz by exploiting the large interdot gate lever arm of an asymmetric split-gate device, $\alpha=0.72$, and by inductively coupling to the resonator to increase its impedance, $Z_\text{r}=560~\Omega$. In the dispersive regime, the large coupling strength at the double quantum dot hybridisation point produces a frequency shift comparable to the resonator linewidth, the optimal setting for maximum state visibility. We exploit this regime to demonstrate rapid dispersive readout of the charge degree of freedom, with a SNR of 3.3 in 50 ns. In the resonant regime, the fast charge decoherence rate precludes reaching the strong coupling regime, but we show a clear route to spin-photon circuit quantum electrodynamics using hybrid CMOS systems.

Performance of Injection-Locked Quantum-Dash MMW Source Under Clear and Dusty Weather Conditions

We report on the generation and transmission of 30 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) beat-tone signals employing external- (EIL) and self-injection-locked (SIL) InAs/InP quantum-dash based dual-wavelength laser (QD-DWL) sources emitting in mid L-band. Later, successful transmission of 2 Gbps quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK) signal over clear weather conditions on 2 m wireless (WL), and hybrid channels consisting of 20 km single-mode fiber (SMF) and 2 m WL, and 20 km single-mode fiber (SMF), 5 m free-space-optics (FSO) and 2 m WL, are demonstrated employing both MMW sources, with a slight ∼1.4 dBm extra received optical power requirement from SIL QD-DWL. Lastly, examining the effect of dusty weather conditions on the MMW transmission over 20 km SMF, 0.9 m FSO and 1 m WL hybrid channel, considering both EIL and SIL sources, showed maximum visibility range (V) of 12 ± 2 m and 16 ± 2 m for successful transmission, respectively. These investigations reinforce the simple, cost-effective, and energy-efficient SIL QD-DWL as a candidate L-band millimeter-wave (MMW) source compared to the EIL counterpart in 5G and next-generation radio-over-fiber wavelength-division multiplexing networks.

Low-Cost, Computer Vision-Based, Prebloom Cluster Count Prediction in Vineyards

Traditional methods for estimating the number of grape clusters in a vineyard generally involve manually counting the number of clusters per vine in a subset of the vineyard and scaling by the total number of vines; a technique that can be laborious, costly, and with an accuracy that depends on the size of the sample. We demonstrate that traditional cluster counting has a high variance in yield estimate accuracy and is highly sensitive to the particular counter and choice of the subset of counted vines. We propose a simple computer vision-based method for improving the reliability of these yield estimates using cheap and easily accessible hardware for growers. This method detects, tracks, and counts clusters and shoots in videos collected using a smartphone camera that is driven or walked through the vineyard at night. With a random selection of calibration data, this method achieved an average cluster count error of 4.9% across two growing seasons and two cultivars by detecting and counting clusters. Traditional methods yielded an average cluster count error of 7.9% across the same dataset. Moreover, the proposed method yielded a maximum error of 12.6% while the traditional method yielded a maximum error of 23.5%. The proposed method can be deployed before flowering, while the canopy is sparse, which improves maximum visibility of clusters and shoots, generalizability across different cultivars and growing seasons, and earlier yield estimates compared to prior work in the area.

648 Hilbert-space dimensionality in a biphoton frequency comb: entanglement of formation and Schmidt mode decomposition

Qudit entanglement is an indispensable resource for quantum information processing since increasing dimensionality provides a pathway to higher capacity and increased noise resilience in quantum communications, and cluster-state quantum computations. In continuous-variable time–frequency entanglement, encoding multiple qubits per photon is only limited by the frequency correlation bandwidth and detection timing jitter. Here, we focus on the discrete-variable time–frequency entanglement in a biphoton frequency comb (BFC), generating by filtering the signal and idler outputs with a fiber Fabry–Pérot cavity with 45.32 GHz free-spectral range (FSR) and 1.56 GHz full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) from a continuous-wave (cw)-pumped type-II spontaneous parametric downconverter (SPDC). We generate a BFC whose time-binned/frequency-binned Hilbert space dimensionality is at least 324, based on the assumption of a pure state. Such BFC’s dimensionality doubles up to 648, after combining with its post-selected polarization entanglement, indicating a potential 6.28 bits/photon classical-information capacity. The BFC exhibits recurring Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) dips over 61 time bins with a maximum visibility of 98.4% without correction for accidental coincidences. In a post-selected measurement, it violates the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality for polarization entanglement by up to 18.5 standard deviations with an S-parameter of up to 2.771. It has Franson interference recurrences in 16 time bins with a maximum visibility of 96.1% without correction for accidental coincidences. From the zeroth- to the third-order Franson interference, we infer an entanglement of formation (Eof) up to 1.89 ± 0.03 ebits—where 2 ebits is the maximal entanglement for a 4 × 4 dimensional biphoton—as a lower bound on the 61 time-bin BFC’s high-dimensional entanglement. To further characterize time-binned/frequency-binned BFCs we obtain Schmidt mode decompositions of BFCs generated using cavities with 45.32, 15.15, and 5.03 GHz FSRs. These decompositions confirm the time–frequency scaling from Fourier-transform duality. Moreover, we present the theory of conjugate Franson interferometry—because it is characterized by the state’s joint-temporal intensity (JTI)—which can further help to distinguish between pure-state BFC and mixed state entangled frequency pairs, although the experimental implementation is challenging and not yet available. In summary, our BFC serves as a platform for high-dimensional quantum information processing and high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD).

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AIRСRAFT PILOTS DURING VISUAL SEARCH AND DETECTION OF SMALL-SIZE GROUND OBJECTS IN DIFFICULT WEATHER CONDITIONS

Background. Visual search and detection of small-size ground objects in difficult weather conditions is a task that provokes psychophysiological stress. The influence of professional pilot activity on the psychophysiological cost of air reconnaissance remains unclear. Materials and methods. The study on the detection and identification of a ground object during landing approach was carried out in winter, during daylight hours: 42 aircraft pilots (average age 30.0 ± 2.8 years, experience from 7 to 14 years) performed 192 research flights. Studies of the subjective assessment of the range to small-size ground objects (SSGO) depending on different visibility conditions and flight altitude were carried out with the participation of 11 aircraft pilots (average age 31.2 ± 1.4 years, experience from 10 to 14 years). The aircraft pilots performed 33 research flights, during which the indicators of neuro-emotional stress were recorded using on-board recording equipment. Results. The search for SSGO in difficult weather conditions (DWC) is accompanied by the increased neuro-emotional stress of the pilot. The pilot's eye estimate of the range to SSGO in conditions of a limited maximum visibility (2.5–4.0 km) for altitudes of 300–400 m is characterized by overestimating the range by an average of 12 %, while good visibility results in underestimating the range. A flight under the clouds with maintaining the distance between the lower edge of the cloud and a flight height of about 50 meters is more favorable for the search for SSGO. With a decrease in this distance to 25 m or less, there is an increase in the physiological cost of such activity (increase in heart rate by 11.6 %; respiration rate by 13.7 %). Conclusion. The psychophysiological features of a pilot that affect the detection and identification of SSGO in DWC mostly depend on the maximum visibility. The coefficients obtained make it possible to adequately estimate the detection and identification range during air reconnaissance in DWC. Pilot’s workload, as well as the level of his/her neuro-emotional stress are determined by the maximum visibility and the distance between the lower edge of the cloud and the specified flight altitude.

Observation and verification of the Fresnel and Arago interference laws using adaptive photodetectors

The Fresnel and Arago interference laws relate the polarization of the electromagnetic field to the interference phenomenon. Different methods and interferometers have been reported to verify these laws; most of them rely on visual inspection to determine the positions of maximum and minimum interference. In this report, the observation and verification of the Fresnel and Arago interference laws using adaptive photodetectors are presented. These photodetectors generate an electrical current proportional to the square of the visibility of the interference pattern; thus the gradual change from the appearance of the interference pattern (maximum visibility) to its disappearance (minimum or null visibility) is detected as an electrical current. The extreme values of the interference pattern visibility can be accurately assessed, in real time and without any signal processing using. A difference of 3 orders of magnitude between the signals measured in the positions of maximum and minimum interference is demonstrated. Due to the adaptive properties of the adaptive photodetectors (compensation of the irregularities of the interfering beams and suppression environmental fluctuations), the proposed method can be suitable for teaching purposes in undergraduate laboratories.

Analysing the Impact of Social Media for Extending Outreach of Hypertension Services in a Northern State of India: A Computational Study on Twitter

Introduction: Integrated communication media strategy has been used to extend outreach of preventive services for different diseases. Limited literature is available in addressing hypertension through such unified media strategy, especially using twitter as a social media tool. The present study aimed to document an integrated communication media strategy using twitter for extending reach of hypertension services on social media. Methods: The study used an exploratory quantitative research design using an integrated model of media communication, developed through an extensive literature review and iterative delphi technique. The context specific messages viz. text, photographs, videos or infographics at specific time intervals (3-4 posts/ day), targeting prevention of hypertension were developed and posted on twitter handle over a period of 9 months (December-August, 2020). For evaluation of the intervention, key indicators namely audience, applause, amplification, visibility were analyzed. Results: The study showed that there has been an exponential growth in number of followers during implementation of intervention. An exponential growth in applause, impressions and engagements were recorded in the respective time span. The maximum visibility was recorded in the month of July with (User Profile Clicks= 38, URL clicks = 35, and Hashtag clicks= 4). Conclusion: The integrated media intervention using twitter has been successful in extending outreach of hypertension prevention services. The model focused upon context-specific twitter messages highlighting hypertension to diverse stakeholders, which indicates potential of twitter in widespread dissemination of messages pertaining to hypertension for awareness and advocacy.

Evaluation and Comparison of Smear Layer Removal Potency of Three Different Irrigation Regimes – A Stereomicroscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Background: Irrigation plays a pivotal role in pulp therapy owing to its flushing action and removal of the smear layer which if present prevents penetration of medicaments and sealers into the dentinal tubules. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal potency of three commercial Irrigating agents. Materials and Methods: Single rooted 30 teeth were selected, decoronated, and randomly divided into three groups according to the irrigation regime to be used (Group I − 5% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA], Group II – Chloraxid Gel + EDTA, Group III – Tween Kleen + 3% NaOCl). After recommended biomechanical preparation and irrigation, teeth were stained with 1% methylene blue dye for 24 h and sectioned in 2 halves. Stereomicroscopy was used to assess dye penetration and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was done to detect dentinal surface changes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey honestly significant difference test by statistical software SPSS version 20.0. Results: The highest dye penetration exhibiting smear layer removal for the apical third was seen in Group II (44.78) and for the middle third in Group I (64.73) which was statistically significant. SEM analysis showed maximum dentinal tubules visibility and patency in Group I and minimum in Group III. Conclusion: Newer irrigating materials (1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate) exhibited weak potency for smear layer removal. The sequential use of gold standard NaOCl + EDTA gave satisfactory results, however, in apical third NaOCl Gel + EDTA was found to be more effective. Therefore, it can be prudent to use NaOCl Gels as a safer alternative to conventional means.