Maximum Energy Research Articles

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Calcium-Silicate-Based Mineral Foam for Blast Mitigation

Cellular materials such as aluminum and polyurethane foams are recognized for their effectiveness in energy absorption. They commonly serve as crushable cores in sacrificial cladding for blast mitigation purposes. This study delves into the effectiveness of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), a lightweight, porous material known for its energy-absorbing properties as a crushable core in sacrificial cladding. The experimental set-up features a rigid frame made of steel measuring 1000 × 1000 × 15 mm3 with a central square opening (300 × 300 mm2) holding a 2 mm thick aluminum plate representing the structure. The dynamic response of the aluminum plate is captured using two high-speed cameras arranged in a stereoscopic configuration. Three-dimensional digital image correlation is used to compute the transient deformation fields. Blast loading is achieved by detonating 20 g of C4 explosive set at 250 mm from the plate’s center. The study assesses the mineral foam’s absorption capacity by comparing out-of-plane displacement and mean permanent deformation of the aluminum plate with and without the protective solution. Six foam configurations (A to F) are tested experimentally and numerically, varying in the foam’s free space for expansion relative to its total volume. Results show positive protective effects, with configuration F reducing maximum deflection by at least 30% and configuration C by up to 70%. Foam configuration influences energy dissipation, with an optimal lateral surface-to-volume ratio (ζ) enhancing protective effects, although excessive ζ leads to non-uniform foam crushing. To address the influence of front skin deformability, a non-deformable front skin has been adopted. The latter demonstrates an increased effectiveness of the sacrificial cladding, particularly for ζ values above the optimal value obtained when using a deformable front skin. Notably, using a non-deformable front skin increases maximum deflection reduction and foam energy absorption by up to approximately 30%.

Three‐Dimensional VTe2/MXene/CNT Ternary Architectures for the Development of High Performance Microsupercapacitors

AbstractRapid advancements in portable electronics have created a demand for ultrathin power sources. Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are becoming a competitive and advantageous option for these applications. It is widely recognized that to develop MSCs with exceptional performance, electrode materials having two‐dimensonal (2D) permeable channels, structural scaffolds with high‐conductivity and large surface area are suitable. Vanadium ditelluride (VTe2) stands out as an ideal material platform in this context. Its unique combination of metallic properties and exfoliative characteristics‐stemming from the conducting Te–V–Te layers held together by weak van der Waals interlayer interactions‐ renders it highly promising for high‐performance MSCs. This study is the first to report that the restacking issues and electrochemical performance of VTe2 can be successfully avoided by the simultaneous incorporation of MXene and CNT to form a ternary hybrid. Here, a laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐based MSC utilizing VTe2/MXene/CNT as the active electrode material is fabricated. This MSC achieve fabrications an outstanding maximum energy density of 6.84 µWh cm−2 and a power density of 304.7 µW cm−2. This significant achievement demonstrates the potential of this LIG‐based MSC to advance the design of high‐performance micro‐energy storage devices.

How a non harmonic-like tremor at a volcanic lake could be caused by sustained wind: A case of study of Taupō volcano

Taupō volcano lies underneath the largest lake in New Zealand. It undergoes unrest roughly every ten years, has minor eruptions every few hundred years, and has supereruptions. Understanding volcanic seismic signals provides insights into the volcano dynamics and helps to anticipate eruptions. Harmonic and non-harmonic volcanic tremor are common signals that indicate fluid mobilisation in volcanic systems. We observed a signal that resembled non-harmonic tremor during 2019 at Taupō volcano. Careful time-frequency analysis of seismic data and weather data from around the lake revealed that the signals were not magmatic in origin, but were most likely from lake microseisms caused by special conditions of the wind, which generates wind-driven waves in the lake. The frequency range of lake microseisms at Taupō starts and ends with a dominant frequency of 0.7–1.0 Hz, and during the maximum energy peak, the dominant frequency is of 0.50–0.56 Hz. Such signals may be common in caldera lakes, which need to be distinguished from tremor caused by volcanic activity, so as not to exaggerate the probability of eruptions.

A novel grain refinement of Ce-Fe-B magnets induced by magnetic field annealing

Magnetic field annealing-induced grain refinement usually occurs during the crystallization process of amorphous alloys. This work investigates the effects of magnetic field annealing on the microstructure and magnetic properties of crystalline Ce17Fe76Co1Zr0.5B6Mo0.5 alloys. The results indicate that magnetic field annealing below the Curie temperature (TC) of the Ce2Fe14B phase in the alloys reduces the alloy’s grain size. At an annealing temperature of 433 K, the average grain size of alloys decreased from 48.0 nm in the as-spun sample to 27.2 nm in the magnetic field annealing sample. Moreover, magnetic field annealing can effectively reduce the volume fraction of the CeFe2 phase in the alloy. After magnetic field annealing at 433 K, the alloy obtained the optimal comprehensive magnetic properties: the intrinsic coercivity (Hci = 441.1 kA/m), remanence (Br = 0.49 T), squareness (Hk/Hci = 0.53), and maximum energy product ((BH)max) = 35.5 kJ/m3), which were 0.2 %, 16.7 %, 6 %, and 29.1 % higher than the values of the as-spun sample, respectively. Precession electron diffraction (PED) analysis revealed that magnetic field annealing increased strain at grain and phase boundaries and a more uniform grain orientation spread (GOS), promoting recrystallization and grain refinement. This study provides new insights into the grain refinement mechanism of crystalline alloys under magnetic field annealing, contributing to further improving the magnetic properties of Ce-Fe-B magnets.

Efficiency limit for diamond metal/intrinsic/p-type Schottky barrier-based betavoltaic cells

Diamond materials hold great potentials with favorable characteristics for betavoltaic cells, thanks to their simple structure, high conversion efficiency, and radiation robustness. However, to explore its efficiency limit is greatly hindered by the material growth, doping techniques, and device design as well. In this work, a device model based on a diamond metal/intrinsic/p-type (MIP) Schottky barrier architect is analyzed for an accurate prediction of the efficiency limit for the betavoltaic cell based on such a structure. The study takes various factors of significance into account on the betavoltaic cell device characteristics, including the radiation source, thickness and doping concentration of the intrinsic layer, metal work function, as well as the metal/diamond interface traps and traps in the bulk. The current–voltage characteristics and fundamental parameters of the betavoltaic cells are thoroughly analyzed. According to our results, an open-circuit voltage of 2.04 V, a short-circuit current density of 87 nA·cm−2, and a fill factor of 0.9 for the diamond MIP betavoltaic cell can be achieved, which give a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 10.7%, at optimal conditions using 50 nm thick Al metal as the contact layer, 9 μm thick and 1 × 1014 cm−3-doping intrinsic layer, and 10 μm thick and 2 × 1017 cm−3-doping p-layer under a 2 μm 63Ni irradiation. This work also discusses the impact of the interface/bulk traps on the barrier heights of practical Schottky diodes and the device's performance as well.

Tailoring MnO2 nanowire defects with K-doping for enhanced electrochemical energy storage in aqueous supercapacitors

The fabrication of supercapacitors with outstanding performance is presented with a distinct defect-rich nanostructures. A one-pot, energy-efficient method for synthesizing defective manganese dioxide nanowires doped with potassium (K0.35MnO2) was developed. The introduction of potassium ions at 35 % birnessite resulted in a significant increase in lattice defects and an improvement in conductivity. Addition of KOH induces a phase transition from α-MnO2 to δ-MnO2. These imperfections result in a greater quantity of active sites, which are crucial for the process of energy storage. The K0.35MnO2 structure demonstrates a 405F/g increased capacity at a current density of 1 A/g. The asymmetric supercapacitor (K0.35MnO2/AC) that was manufactured exhibits a capacitance of 106.4F/g when operating at 1 A/g, while maintaining a maximum energy density of 71.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 672 W kg−1. Furthermore, 92.7 % of the initial capacitance of the device is retained even after 8,000 cycles at 20 A/g. This study presents novel insights into the production of defective materials for energy storage applications through the utilization of a one-pot process as opposed to the multi-step method. In order to produce high-performance supercapacitors for practical applications, the results indicate that defect engineering is a crucial factor.

Thermodynamic Model-Based Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Work Exchanger Networks

Heat integration has been widely and successfully practiced for recovering thermal energy in process plants for decades. It is usually implemented through synthesizing heat exchanger networks (HENs). It is recognized that mechanical energy, another form of energy that involves pressure-driven transport of compressible fluids, can be recovered through synthesizing work exchanger networks (WENs). One type of WEN employs piston-type work exchangers, which demonstrates techno-economic attractiveness. A thermodynamic-model-based energy recovery targeting method was developed to predict the maximum amount of mechanical energy feasibly recoverable by piston-type work exchangers prior to WEN configuration generation. In this work, a heat-integrated WEN synthesis methodology embedded by the thermodynamic model is introduced, by which the maximum mechanical energy, together with thermal energy, can be cost-effectively recovered. The methodology is systematic and general, and its efficacy is demonstrated through two case studies that highlight how the proposed methodology leads to designs simpler than those reported by other researchers while also having a lower total annualized cost (TAC).

Theoretical justification for the layout of an industrial complex for the content of Blaptica dubia for the purpose of obtaining feed and food products

It is predicted that by 2050, up to 15% of proteins will be produced by insects [1; 6; 7]. Fats and enzymes, as well as chitinous coatings, ingredients currently widely used in cosmetology and the chemical industry, are valuable by-products [3]. The advantages of enterprises aimed at using insects as productive animals are lower expenditure on feed, insects have a more flexible digestive system and highly active enzymes, which allows them to obtain maximum energy and nutrients even from not the highest quality feed [5]. The Argentine cockroach is superior to other productive insects in many respects, which may make it the most promising species for the development of industrial entomology.

Assessment of merits and demerits of perpendicular and slanted photovoltaic/thermal facades

This study compares the thermal and electrical energy production potential and wind load assessment of perpendicular versus slanted photovoltaic (PV) facades. The goal is to identify the optimal facade orientation for societal adoption based on energy efficiency and wind load considerations. Using Hybrid RANS/LES models, the aerodynamic performance and energy yield of both orientations are analyzed under varying angles and environmental conditions. The findings show that while the slanted façade is better designed to capture solar irradiance, it produces 4 to 8 % less energy than the perpendicular façade and yields approximately 2 % less exergy efficiency due to wind regime. However, the slanted design reduces wind load by 9.8 %, enhancing structural stability. The maximum thermal energy output of 217 kW is recorded from the perpendicular façade at a wind speed of 1 m/s, while the slanted façade generates a peak electrical power of 68 kW at 8 m/s wind speed. Overall, the perpendicular façade underscores more efficient in equal weather conditions, making it a sustainable choice for PV installation. These results provide valuable insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers in optimizing PV facade design for urban environments.

Electronic 1/f noise as a probe of dimensional effects on spin-glass dynamics

Over the past decade, spin-glass simulations have improved to the point that they now access time- and length-scales comparable to experiments at the mesoscale. A recent series of thin-film field-cooled/zero-field-cooled magnetization (FC/ZFC) experiments demonstrated activated spin dynamics, with a temperature-independent activation energy proportional to the logarithm of the film thickness and with coefficients in remarkable agreement with the simulation. These measurements require the application of small magnetic fields, which has been shown to affect the spin-glass energy landscape. Measurements of the 1/f noise in metallic spin-glasses have been previously shown to be a sensitive probe of the spin dynamics, and the measurements can be made without applying a magnetic field. In this mini-review, we review these techniques and discuss how transport measurements can fit into the current landscape of spin-glass measurements. We compare previous measurements to more recent measurements on similar films, made with ostensibly different cooling protocols, and compare both the previous and recent measurements to the magnetometry. The transport measurements—taken over a wider range of temperature than magnetometry—suggest that the maximum spin-glass energy barrier height is temperature-dependent, not fixed, possibly due to two-dimensional dynamics. We discuss this possibility, along with future measurements, which may be able to resolve this mystery.

Hierarchical porous MnO2/3D graphene oxide/carbon cloth used as practical mass-loading supercapacitor electrodes

Supercapacitor electrodes with high mass loading of active materials often exhibit low areal capacitances due to stacking problem of heavy loading. In this study, we present a 3D hierarchical porous graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets grown on carbon cloth (CC), termed as 3DGO/CC. With its high specific surface area, ample space to accommodate the volume expansion, and ideal ion transfer pathways, 3DGO/CC emerges as a promising candidate for high-loading active materials. Utilized as an efficient support matrix for MnO2 loading, an ultrahigh mass loading of MnO2 (17.32 mg cm−2) is deposited onto the surface of 3DGO, forming a MnO2/3DGO/CC electrode without stacking. The conductive porous 3DGO/CC composite scaffold optimizes the utilization of MnO2 active material, resulting in a high areal capacitance. An optimal electrode achieves an impressive areal capacitance of 3.18 F cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 which was 4.1 times higher than that of the pristine MnO2/CC electrode and maintains a retention of 74.5 % at 32-fold current density. Ultimately, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a superior electrochemical performance with a maximum energy density of 495.36 μWh cm−2 at the power density of 1.02 mW cm−2. This study supplies an efficient method for preparing MnO2-based electrodes with excellent areal capacitance.

Experimental investigation of nickel-based nanofluid on the performance of evacuated tube solar collector

This paper conducts an experimental investigation of an evacuated tube solar collector type solar collector employing a unique Ni/water nanofluid to assess its exergetic and energy performance. The investigation sheds light on the intricate behavior of nanofluid and their consequential impact on the efficiency, thermal properties, and entropy generation within the framework of evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC). The study reveals that an escalation of nickel nanoparticles volumetric concentration results in a reduction of specific heat capacity, attributed in part to the clustering effect of nanoparticles mixed with working fluid. Nevertheless, higher temperatures counterintuitively lead to an augmentation in specific heat capacity. The study presents the comparative behavior of nanofluid and the parent base fluid. The study further elucidates that augmenting the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles causes a reduction in the temperature difference between the collector's both side inlet and outlet, affecting thermal efficiency positively. Moreover, with mass flow rate contribute and increased volumetric concentration to a diminished outlet temperature, thereby enhancing the efficiency of ETSC. The study also analyzed the thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat of the Ni/water nanofluid across different volumetric concentrations and temperature ranges from 25 °C to 50 °C. Furthermore, the thermal performance of the collector was evaluated at various mass flow rates ranging from 0.0085 kg/s to 0.051 kg/s. The findings revealed a maximum energy efficiency of 73.14% at a volumetric concentration of 1% and a mass flow rate of 0.041 kg/s.

Optimization of electrode thickness of lithium-ion batteries for maximizing energy density

AbstractThe demand for high capacity and high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has drastically increased nowadays. One way of meeting that rising demand is to design LIBs with thicker electrodes. Increasing electrode thickness can enhance the energy density of LIBs at the cell level by reducing the ratio of inactive materials in the cell. However, after a certain value of electrode thickness, the rate of energy density increase becomes slower. On the other hand, the impact of associated limitations becomes stronger, reducing the practical applicability of LIBs with thicker electrodes. Hence, an optimum value of thickness is of utmost importance for the practicability of thicker electrode design. In this paper, both the cathode thickness and the anode thickness of an NCM LIB cell were optimized by applying response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) to maximize the energy density. Moreover, the influence of electrode porosity, together with the interaction of porosity with cathode and anode thickness, was incorporated into the optimization. A full factorial design of 3-level, 3-factor was used to generate 15 simulation conditions in accordance with the design of experiment (DoE) achieved through BBD. Then, those conditions were used to achieve 15 responses by simulating a reduced-order electrochemical model. Finally, the statistical technique analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze and validate the results of RSM. The results show that the RSM-BBD optimization method, coupled with ANOVA, has successfully optimized the thicknesses of both positive and negative electrodes for maximum energy density, despite the nonlinearity of the electrochemical system. The findings suggest an optimized cathode thickness of 401.56 µm and anode thickness of 186.36 µm for a maximum energy density of 292.22 of an NCM LIB cell, while electrode porosity is preferred to be 0.2.

An Energy-Adjustable, Deformable, and Packable Wireless Charging Fiber Supercapacitor.

Wireless charging energy storage devices eliminate bulky wires of wearable electronics. However, rigid shape and specific charging energy restrict their applications in space-limited portable electronics. Herein, an all-carbon fiber supercapacitor is presented that features shape-adjustable, packable, and energy-controllable wireless charging functions. With the unique on-dimensional circuit structure, the maximum energy transfer efficiency from the electrical energy received by the wireless charging unit to the output energy of the fiber supercapacitor can reach up to ≈60.8%, and meanwhile this integrated fiber device exhibits an outstanding area capacity of 803 mF cm-2 and energy density of 1004 µWh cm-2, superior to most of the fiber supercapacitors. Moreover, this unique device can endure significant deformation in shape of circles ranging from 2 to 20cm diameter, and can be packed into narrow spaces, such as smart bracelet and disk-shaped pet global positioning system (GPS). By altering the device shape, the wireless charging current, voltage, and power can be adjusted in the range of 0.5-20mA, 1.4-15.5V, and 0.003-313mW, accommodating the energy requirements for nearly all existing micro-electronics. This work offers unprecedented opportunities for packable, space-confined and energy harvesting controllable wearable electronics.

Effect of contact materials on the transient characteristics of vacuum arc plasma and anode erosion

In this study, the mechanisms of the anode phenomena and anode erosion with various contact materials were investigated. Arc parameters were calculated, and the anode temperature was predicted with a transient self-consistent model. The simulation results predicted a constricted arc column and obvious anode phenomena in Cu–Cr alloy contacts than in W–Cu alloy contacts. This observation could be the reason for the concentrated anode erosion in Cu–Cr alloys. For the contacts made by pure tungsten (W) and W–Cu alloy, the anode temperature increased rapidly because of the low specific heat of W. However, the maximum energy flux from the arc column to the anode surface was lower than in other cases. The simulation results were compared with experimental results.

Dynamics and energy harvesting of a flow-induced snapping sheet with nonuniform stiffness distribution

Energy harvesting through periodic snap-through of a buckled sheet has recently gained considerable attention because of its potential applications in energy harvesting in low incoming flow. Although the snapping dynamics of uniform buckled sheets has been extensively studied, the present work focuses on the energy harvesting and dynamics of a nonuniform snapping sheet with both of its ends clamped in a channel flow. The analysis reveals that the sheet undergoes periodic snap-through oscillations, with its rear half consistently serving as the main contributor to effective energy harvesting, and the potential energy contributing significantly more than the kinetic energy. Varying the stiffness difference ΔEI* shows that increasing the stiffness of the rear part and decreasing that of the fore part shifts the deformation wave toward upstream and enhances the snapping amplitude of the fore part, optimizing energy extraction. At a length compression ratio ΔL* = 0.3, the maximum potential energy is observed for ΔEI* = 1, and the total energy peaks at ΔEI* = 2. The study also identifies an optimal ΔL* = 0.4 that maximizes both total and potential energies, and triples the potential energy in comparison with ΔL* = 0.1. However, the enhancement of nonuniformity disappears at ΔL* > 0.3 for the total energy and ΔL* > 0.2 for the potential energy. These findings provide insights to aid optimization of the design and performance of snapping sheet energy harvesters.

Conjugated Coordination Nanosheets with Molecular Rotors for Pseudocapacitors: Nanoarchitectonics and Enhanced Performance.

High-level pseudocapacitive materials require incorporations of significant redox regions into conductive and penetrable skeletons to enable the creation of devices capable of delivering high power for extended periods. Coordination nanosheets (CNs) are appealing materials for their high natural electrical conductivities, huge explicit surface regions, and semi-one-layered adjusted pore clusters. Thus, rational design of ligands and topological networks with desired electronic structure is required for the advancement in this field. Herein, we report three novel conjugated CNs (RV-10-M, M=Zn, Ni, and Co), by utilizing the full conjugation of the terpyridine-attached flexible tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units as the molecular rotors at the center. We prepare binder-free transparent nanosheets supported on Ni-foam with outstanding pseudocapacitive properties via a hydrothermal route followed by facile exfoliation. Among three CNs, the high surface area of RV-10-Co facilitates fast transport of ions and electrons and could achieve a high specific capacity of 670.8 C/g (1677 F/g) at 1 A/g current density. Besides, the corresponding flexible RV-10-Co possesses a maximum energy density of 37.26 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 171 W kg-1 and 70 % capacitance retention even after 1000 cycles.

Acid-treated waste sisal fiber derived activated carbon as efficient electrode material for solid-state supercapacitor

Activated Carbon (AC), obtained from biomass is highly adaptable and valued for its versatile benefits including high surface area, conductivity, chemical inertness, etc. in various applications. It is also used as an electrode in supercapacitors for applications requiring a high-power supply. Sisal fiber, derived from the Agave sisalana plant, has several advantages, including its fibrous and porous framework, that make it suitable for conversion into activated carbon for energy storage applications in the context of sustainability and reduced environmental impact. In this study, we have prepared H2SO4 treated KOH activated carbon from residual Sisal fiber (SFH2AC) which is then utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitors. SFH2AC exhibits hierarchical and structure-based porosity with a large specific surface area (SA) of 1185 m2/g and shows the maximum specific capacitance (Cs) of 340 F/g @ 0.5 A/g in 6 M KOH electrolyte. In KOH electrolyte, strong cycling retention (during the length of 9000 GCD cycles) is attained as; 98 % up to the first 3000 cycles at 10 A/g, 93 % up to next 3000 cycles at 20 A/g, and 90 % up to the last 3000 cycles at 30 A/g. Furthermore, the SFH2AC//SFH2AC(Gel) device was built by using SFH2AC as electrodes with PVA/KOH gel as an electrolyte in order to assess the supercapacitor performance in real time. The device has a specific power density of 7500 W/kg and a maximum energy density of 12 W h/kg. The device reveals an exceptional 97 % cycling stability, maintaining up to 9000 repeated GCD cycles at an increased current density (CD) of 30 A/g.

Adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solutions on pure bentonite: statistical physical modeling provides an analytical interpretation.

This study investigates the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes from aqueous solutions using purified Moroccan bentonite, being mainly composed of silica and alumina, in the form of quartz and cristobalite. The temperature controls the adsorption capacity for the kinetics, increasing 5.08% (from 295.1 to 310.1 mg/g) for the MB and 55.47% (from 86.8 to 134.9 mg/g) for the MO. It was discovered that the pseudo-second-order model, with a low Bayesian criterion indicator of 12.72 and R2adj > 0.996, was the best suitable for explaining both systems. The adsorption isotherm, experimental data indicate that both systems follow the Langmuir isotherm. At lower temperatures, 298.15 K 1.22 molecules are adsorbed per site. However, at a higher temperature of 328.15 K, the number of molecules is less than a unit of 0.68. As for MO, the number of molecules remains above 1.4 per site for all the temperatures studied. The endothermic nature of the system is indicated by the observation that the adsorption energy tends to grow for both systems: for the MB, it increases from 18.85 to 21.26 kJ/mol, and for the MO, it increases from 14.83 to 19.01 kJ/mol. Last, thermodynamic functions indicate that maximum entropy is reached around the half-concentration saturation at 25 and 124 mg/L, which is the maximum energetic concentration of the system. The same results were obtained for Gibbs free energy, where the maximum energy found was - 5.39 × 10-18 kJ/mol for the MB and - 1.99 × 10-18 kJ/mol for the MO at 328.15 K.

Sustainable solution to the critical challenges of an oceanic wave farm for maximizing power generation

In this paper, a general wave farm design procedure has been presented. For example, the design procedure is applied to the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Firstly, the most effective site is selected to construct a wave farm considering various techno-economic factors. A coordinated drawing for the proposed site selection procedure is presented, which includes a coastal area map and sea, grid map, wave height, and different assorted factors. Transmission line cost is analyzed for nearly equipotential locations. Then wave height, time period, wave power, and vertical speed are observed for the selected location. In the next step, a wave farm layout has been designed considering point absorber type device and the oceanic wave dataset with statistical analysis. Further, a linear electrical generator (LEG) is designed and analyzed for the wave farm. The generator is simulated in the ANSYS/Maxwell environment. Since the wave parameters vary from time to time, the LEG is simulated for several vertical speeds. To find the highest output power, the load profiles are analyzed for each speed separately. In the next step, the LEG is optimized. Simulation result shows that the flux distribution of optimized LEG is better than its initially designed counterpart. Efficiency of the optimized LEG is 7 % greater than its initial design. The proposed method of site selection, statistical analysis of the wave dataset, and the optimized LEG design are combined in this paper for maximum wave energy extraction.