Maximum DPPH Scavenging Activity Research Articles

Transient salinity stress promotes secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes in Brassica plants

This study investigated salinity stress time-dependent responses of pak choi (Brassica campestris L.), arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.), and red frill (Brassica juncea L.), focusing on growth parameters, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activities. Salinity stress (NaCl) solution with electrical conductivity (EC) of 12.6 dS∙m⁻¹ was introduced to the rhizosphere at the specific time: from 2:00 pm on day 6 to 2:00 pm on day 7 (1st week (W)), 2:00 pm on day 13 to 2:00 pm on day 14 (2nd W), and 2:00 pm on day 20 to 2:00 pm on day 21 (3rd W). Plant growth parameters were assessed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation (WAT), showing detailed changes over time. Pak choi exhibited a significant increase in biomass at 2nd W, whereas arugula and red frill showed no marked differential reactions. Glucosinolates (GLS), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities were analyzed at 2 and 3 WAT. Maximum GLS concentrations in pak choi and arugula plants occurred in the 3rd W under 3 WAT. Phenolic concentrations in the arugula peaked under the 2nd W treatment. Regarding pak choi, the 1st W treatment at 3 WAT and 2nd W treatment at 2 WAT exhibited maximum DPPH scavenging activity and peroxidase (POD). The 2nd W treatment at 2 WAT indicated the highest total phenol concentration and POD activity in arugula. Red frill exhibited significantly elevated total glucosinolate concentrations under salinity conditions at 3rd W. This analysis reveals how salinity stress affects growth and biochemical responses in these vegetables, offering insights for optimizing cultivation under saline conditions.

Cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of Streblus asper from northeastern Thailand on A549 lung cancer cells

Thailand's second-leading cause of death is lung cancer. Thai indigenous herbal plants are sought after as an alternative treatment against lung cancer. This work aimed to examine cytotoxic, antiproliferative and antimigratory capacities of different parts of Streblus asper (SA) from northeastern Thailand on A549 lung cancer cells. Plant leaves, twigs, bark and wood were used for ethanolic extraction by maceration. The highest cytotoxicity of 85.46% was found in twig extract (IC50 57.46 µg/mL) assessed by an MTT assay. The lowest IC50 (18.42 µg/mL) was also found in twig extract using a clonogenic assay indicating its most antiproliferative activity in a long-term therapy. In addition, all SA extracts displayed antimigratory activity against A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion, especially twig extract. Apoptotic characteristics were noticeable in SA extract treated cells. The maximum DPPH-scavenging activity, FRAP value, total phenolic and flavonoid content were found in twig extract. GC-MS analysis revealed that twig extract contained four prominent components namely ethyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, lupeol and γ-sitosterol. Real-time PCR results showed that genes (Bcl-2, Bax, p21, and cytochrome c) linked to apoptosis were significantly affected by all SA extracts. The various SA components' ethanolic extracts exhibited moderate-to-high cytotoxic action towards A549 cells. This work will significantly advance the utilization of the plant as an alternative source of medicine for rural Thais, and it paves the way for future research to determine the active compound(s) and anticipate new drug candidates.

Antifouling and antibacterial performance evaluation of polyethersulfone membranes modified with AZ63 alloy.

Antibacterial membranes have attracted researchers' interest in recent years as a possible approach for dealing with biofouling on the membrane surface. This research aims to see if blending AZ63 Mg alloy into a polyethersulphone (PES) membrane can improve antifouling and separation properties. The composite membranes' pure water flux continued to increase from pristine PES to PES/AZ63 2.00 wt%. The results showed that PES/AZ63 2.00 wt% membrane supplied the highest permeate flux of E. coli. The steady-state fluxes of AZ63 composite membranes were 113.24, 104.38 and 44.79 L/m2h for PES/AZ63 2.00 wt%, 1.00 wt%, and 0.50 wt%, respectively. The enhanced biological activity of AZ63 was studied based on antioxidant activity, DNA cleavage, antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, bacterial viability inhibition and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy studies. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity was determined as 81.25% with AZ63. AZ63 indicated good chemical nuclease activity and also showed moderate antimicrobial activity against studied strains. The highest biofilm inhibition of AZ63 was 83.25% and 71.63% towards P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. The cell viability inhibition activity of AZ63 was found as 96.34% against E. coli. The photodynamic antimicrobial therapy results displayed that AZ63 demonstrated 100% bacterial inhibition when using E. coli.

Anti-Pollution Activity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Extract from Smilax china Leaf in Macrophages and Keratinocytes

Air pollution has considerable effects on the human skin, showing that every single pollutant has a different toxicological impact on it. The oxidative stress that exceeds the skin’s antioxidant capacity can lead to oxidative damage and premature skin aging by repeated air pollutant contact. In this study, according to the generalized protocol available to objectively substantiate the ‘anti-pollution’ claim, we evaluated several biomarkers after pollutants exposure in Raw 264.7 macro-phages and HaCaT keratinocytes to investigate the possibility of anti-pollution cosmetic material of fermented extract from Smilax china leaves (FESCL). FESCL decreased pollutants-induced luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and FESCL significantly inhibited XRE-luciferase activity at a concentration of 1%. The IC50 value of FESCL showed the same DPPH scavenging activity at 0.0625% as ascorbic acid, and the maximum DPPH scavenging activity (92.44%) at 1%. The maximum permissible non-cytotoxic concentrations of FESCL for a Raw 264.7 cell was determined to be 2%, where PGE2 production of FESCL was inhibited by 78.20%. These results show the anti-pollution activity of FESCL against the pollutant-stimulated human living skin explants. In conclusion, we confirmed the anti-pollution potential of FESCL as one of the functional materials in cosmetic formulation.

Sustainable extraction of antioxidants from out-of-caliber kiwifruits

Valorisation of discarded kiwifruits is proposed by extracting bioactive compounds using sustainable solvents namely deep eutectic solvents (DES). A screening of fifteen DES and several hydrogen bonding donor solvents was carried out. Extraction efficiency was measured in terms of antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP tests. The influence of solvents characteristics in particular DES structure, presence of ethanol or water, and pH of DES/water mixture on the antioxidant properties of the extracts was studied. Results show that kiwi peels extracts obtained with DES based on carboxylic acids exhibit enhanced antioxidant activity compared to conventional solvents and alcohol-based DES with a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 42.0 mg TE/g DW. Glycerol or ethylene glycol are also efficient at extracting antioxidant compounds with DPPH scavenging activity of 33.1 and 36.7 mg TE/g DW. Finally, a chemical analysis of extracts using HPTLC revealed that most active compounds extracted are polyphenolic compounds, presumably tannins.

The antioxidant activities and flavor properties of glycated bighead carp meat hydrolysates produced with galactose and galacto-oligosaccharides

Oligosaccharides widely participate in Maillard reactions during food processing, but the mechanisms leading to differences in conjugates derived from galactose (gala) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in food processing is not well understood. Herein, spectral characteristics, antioxidant activities, and flavor properties were compared between two types of conjugates. Spectral analysis (ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra and fluorescence) indicated higher reactivity in gala groups (p < 0.05). The maximum DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power observed for the gala groups were 35.1 and 274 μmol TE/g protein, respectively, which were almost twice those for GOS groups (p < 0.05). Gala groups also exhibited a stronger capacity to diminish the saltiness of BCH compared to GOS groups. Among the 66 aromatic compounds identified using HS-SPME-GC/MS, alcohols (26.0%) and hydrocarbons (52.0%) were the most abundant flavor constituents. Particularly, 2-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine was the most abundant pyrazine observed in GOS groups and its abundances increased from 1.20% to 8.30% with increased ratios of saccharide:BCH, while 2,5-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl butyl)pyrazine decreased from 8.47% to 3.35% in gala groups. Overall, the results indicated that the extent of Maillard reaction progress affected the antioxidant and flavor characteristics of MRP, which provide new insights for the further applications of MRPs in food additives.

An environmental approach for the photodegradation of toxic pollutants from wastewater using Pt–Pd nanoparticles: Antioxidant, antibacterial and lipid peroxidation inhibition applications

BackgroundGreen synthesis is an effective and friendly method for the environment, especially in recent years has been used in many areas. It finds application opportunities in many fields such as physics, chemistry, electronics, food, and especially health and is the subject of intensive studies in this field. ObjectivesThe synthesized Pt–Pd NPs were aimed to be used as a bio-based photocatalyst under sunlight to prevent wastewater pollution. In addition, it is aimed to use Pt–Pd NPs as biological agents in different applications in the future. MethodsIn this study, the platinum-palladium nanoparticles were synthesized by the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, the characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out by different methods (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared transform spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ray diffraction (XRD) analysis). And we discussed several different parameters related to human health by obtaining platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt–Pd NPs) with a green synthesis method. These parameters are antioxidant properties (total phenolic, flavonoid, and DPPH scavenging activity), antibacterial activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Gallic acid was used as standard phenolic, and quercetin was used as standard flavonoid reagents. The newly synthesized Hibiscus sabdariffa mediated green synthesized Pt–Pd NPs were compared with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the high antibacterial activity was shown by gram-positive bacteria. The photodegradation of Pt–Pd NPs was carried out against MB dye for 180 min. ResultsTEM results show that the average size of Pt–Pd NPs is around 4.40 nm. The total amount of phenolic compounds contained in 0.2 mg/ml of Pt-Pd NPs was equivalent to 14.962 ± 7.890 μg/ml gallic acid and the total amount of flavonoid component was found to be equal to 28.9986 ± 0.204 μg/ml quercetin. Hibiscus sabdariffa mediated green synthesized Pt–Pd NPs was found to have very effective for lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in the FeCl2–H2O2 system. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity was determined as 97.35% at 200 μg/ml. The photocatalytic activity of Pt–Pd NPs was analysed against Methylene blue (MB) and the maximum degradation percentage was observed to be 83.46% at 180 min. ConclusionsThe biogenic Pt–Pd NPs showed a high effective photocatalytic and biological activity.

Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant assays in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel) seeds collected from Tarai region in the Uttarakhand

Fennel is a culinary spice of Apiaceae genus. The objective of present study to evaluate the antioxidant potential and phytochemical screening in terms of phenolic content, flavonoid content, orthodihydric phenolic content, proanthocyanidin, and total tannin content in hexane, chloroform, and methanol extract of Foeniculum vulgare seeds. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity exhibited in the hexane extract of FNL-PM (IC50= 443.88±0.91 μg/ mL). Maximum hydroxyl radical scavenging activity observed in methanol extract of FNL-117 (IC50= 414.74±1.35 μg/ mL). Higher superoxide radical scavenging activity exhibited in the hexane extract of FNL-126 (IC50= 420.68±1.09 μg/ mL) and nitric oxide radical scavenging in the hexane extract of FNL-117 (IC50= 557.03±0.86 μg/ mL). Strong metal chelation activity observed in hexane extract of FNL-118 (IC50= 563.07±0.07 μg/ mL). Higher phytochemicals are observed in methanol extract of FNL-120. The present study also revealed the similarities that exist between fennel seeds on the basis of antioxidant potency and phytochemicals through a statistical approach i.e., cluster analysis using dendrogram, regarding genetic makeup of fennel cultivars so that future research will be carried out to develop a new variety of fennel for further implementation in pharma industries.

HPLC-DAD Based Polyphenolic Profiling and Evaluation of Pharmacological Attributes of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.

The current study was intended to explore the phytochemical profiling and therapeutic activities of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Crude extracts of different plant parts were subjected to the determination of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and protein kinase inhibitory potential by using solvents of varying polarity ranges. Maximum phenolic content was notified in distilled water extracts of the stem (DW-S) and leaf (DW-L) while the highest flavonoid content was obtained in ethyl acetate leaf (EA-L) extract. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed the presence of various polyphenols, quantified in the range of 0.02 ± 0.36 to 2.05 ± 0.18 μg/mg extract. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity was expressed by methanolic extract of the stem (MeOH-S). The highest antioxidant capacity and reducing power was shown by MeOH-S and leaf methanolic extract (MeOH-L), respectively. Proficient antibacterial activity was shown by EA-L extract against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Remarkable α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition potential was expressed by ethyl acetate fruit (EA-F) and n-Hexane leaf (nH-L) extracts, respectively. In case of brine shrimp lethality assay, 41.67% of the extracts (LC50 < 50 µg/mL) were considered as extremely cytotoxic. The test extracts also showed mild antifungal and protein kinase inhibition activities. The present study explores the therapeutic potential of P. roxburghii and calls for subsequent studies to isolate new bioactive leads through bioactivity-guided isolation.

Valorization of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds

Fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves are produced each year and often disposed, resulting in a waste of resources. Fig waste leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant activity; however, the variety and chemical structure of antioxidants in fig leaves have not been reported in detail. To take full advantage of fig waste leaves, antioxidant capacity of different extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and water) was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that flavonoids in ethyl acetate extraction had the highest content (83.92 ± 0.01 mg/g), maximum DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 0.54 mg/mL), highest ABTS scavenging rate (80.28%), and FRAP (3.46 mmol/g). Furthermore, an HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH method was developed to identify 11 flavonoids in fig waste leaves. This rapid and efficient method can not only be used for screening the antioxidant components in fig waste leaves, but also can be combined with mass spectrometry to identify the compounds with antioxidant capacity. There are three flavonoids with significant antioxidant capacity, which are 3-O-(rhamnopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(glucopyranosyl)-quercetin, isoschaftoside, and rutin. The results confirmed that fig waste leaves contain a variety of antioxidant components, which contributed to increase the value of fig waste leaves as antioxidants.

Auto-QCLF: A Quick and Reliable EEG Lead Field Quality Control for Big Databases

With regards to applied, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the synthesis of Au NPs by using Tribulus terrestris extract. The innate oxygenated phytochemicals facilitated the green reduction of Au3+ ions to corresponding NPs and also stabilized them by encapsulating them. This modification prevented the as-synthesized Au NPs towards agglomeration and tiny NPs were obtained in uniformly spherical in shape and in the range of 10–15 nm dimension. Physicochemical characteristics of the green synthesized Au NPs were evaluated by advanced physicochemical techniques like UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDX and XRD study. Catalytic performance of the biomolecule functionalized Au NPs was investigated in the controlled and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant at room temperature. Aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic sulfides were oxidized to their corresponding sulfoxides with high yields without formation of over oxidized sulfones. The catalyst was easily recovered and recycled for 8 successive times without noticeable decrease in catalytic activity. In addition, the biosynthesized Au NPs indicated suitable antioxidant and anti-acute leukemia properties against THP-1 cell line. Tribulus terrestris extract and the green synthesized Au NPs exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 78% and 29.37%, respectively. Again, in the anticancer studies over THP-1 cell line following MTT assay, the Au NP exhibited gradual reduced % cell viability with increase in its concentration. At an Au NPs concentration of 2000 µg/mL, the % toxicity became maximum suggesting efficient inhibition of cancer invasion. Based on the above results, Au NPs-Tribulus could be administered as a potential anti-leukemia drug for the treatment of acute leukemia following the clinical trial studies in humans.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using Tribulus terrestris extract: Investigation of its catalytic activity in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and study of its anti-acute leukemia activity

With regards to applied, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the synthesis of Au NPs by using Tribulus terrestris extract. The innate oxygenated phytochemicals facilitated the green reduction of Au3+ ions to corresponding NPs and also stabilized them by encapsulating them. This modification prevented the as-synthesized Au NPs towards agglomeration and tiny NPs were obtained in uniformly spherical in shape and in the range of 10–15 nm dimension. Physicochemical characteristics of the green synthesized Au NPs were evaluated by advanced physicochemical techniques like UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDX and XRD study. Catalytic performance of the biomolecule functionalized Au NPs was investigated in the controlled and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant at room temperature. Aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic sulfides were oxidized to their corresponding sulfoxides with high yields without formation of over oxidized sulfones. The catalyst was easily recovered and recycled for 8 successive times without noticeable decrease in catalytic activity. In addition, the biosynthesized Au NPs indicated suitable antioxidant and anti-acute leukemia properties against THP-1 cell line. Tribulus terrestris extract and the green synthesized Au NPs exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 78% and 29.37%, respectively. Again, in the anticancer studies over THP-1 cell line following MTT assay, the Au NP exhibited gradual reduced % cell viability with increase in its concentration. At an Au NPs concentration of 2000 µg/mL, the % toxicity became maximum suggesting efficient inhibition of cancer invasion. Based on the above results, Au NPs-Tribulus could be administered as a potential anti-leukemia drug for the treatment of acute leukemia following the clinical trial studies in humans.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Centaurea behen leaf aqueous extract and investigating their antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on acute leukemia cancer cell line (THP-1)

In this study Centaurea behen leaf aqueous extract was used for simple, rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles in room temperature. The obtained gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were analyzed by various analytical technique including UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For investigating of cytotoxicity effect and antioxidant properties of C. behen leaf aqueous extract and AuNPs, MTT assay and the DPPH test was used. The result showed that synthesized AuNPs have spherical shape with size below 50 nm and XRD pattern confirmed the crystal structure. Our prepared nanoparticles showed the cytotoxicity effects against THP-1 cell line. The IC50 of synthesized AuNPs for leukemia cell line was calculated to be around 25 µg/mL while the C. behen aqueous extract could not reach the IC50.C. behen extract and AuNPs exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 31% and 14%, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that AuNPs produced by cost-effective, eco-friendly and green synthesis method, have a suitable anticancer activity against leukemia cell line.

Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and investigation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and DNA cleavage activities

Green synthesis is considered to be one of the most suitable method because it enhances the therapeutic effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). In this study, various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and DNA cleavage activities of Urtica‐mediated green synthesizing Pd NPs were investigated. The synthesized Pd NPs were characterized by using UV‐vis, XPS, FT‐IR, TEM, and XRD analyses. As a result of the TEM analysis of Pd NPs, the mean particle size was found to be 7.44 ± 1.94 nm, and this result was supported by XRD analysis. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity was determined as 79.6% at 500 mg/L. The newly green synthesized Pd NPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity to gram‐negative bacteria than gram‐positive bacteria. Urtica‐mediated green synthesized Pd NPs also showed double strain DNA cleavage activity. For the cytotoxic effects of Pd NPs, the MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line, HT‐29 colon cancer cell line, Mia Paca‐2 human pancreatic cancer cell line, and healthy cell line L929‐Murine fibroblast cell line were used. IC50 values of Pd NPs against MDA‐MB‐231, HT‐29, and MIA PaCa‐2 cancer cell lines were calculated as 31.175, 20.383, and 29.335 μg/ml, respectively. No significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the healthy lines L929.

Polyphenol fingerprinting and hypoglycemic attributes of optimized Cycas circinalis leaf extracts.

Cycas circinalis leaves are used to treat diabetes mellitus in local medicinal systems without any scientifically proved information on their medicinal potential and phytochemicals. In this study, the total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were determined for optimized hydroethanolic leaf extracts. Secondary metabolites were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). In vivo studies on diabetic albino mice were also carried out to evaluate the impact of the most active extract on their blood glucose levels. The 60% ethanolic extract showed the highest extract yield (209.70 ± 0.20 g kg-1 ) and total phenolic (154.24 ± 3.28 mg gallic acid equivalent) and flavonoid (78.52 ± 1.65 mg rutin equivalent per gram dried extract) contents and exhibited the maximum DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 59.68 ± 2.82 μg mL-1 ). The IC50 values for inhibition of α-glucosidase (58.42 ± 2.22 μg mL-1 ) and α-amylase (74.11 ± 1.70 μg mL-1 ) were also significant for the 60% ethanolic extract. The untargeted UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolite profiling confirmed the presence of iridoid glucoside, gibberellin A4, O-β-d-glucosyl-4-hydroxy-cinnamate, 3-methoxy-2-phyenyl-4H-furo[2,3-h]chromen-4-one, kaempferol, withaferin A, amentoflavone, quercitin-3-O-(6″-malonyl glucoside), ellagic acid, and gallic acid. Plant extract at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 body weight reduced the blood glucose level by a considerable extent and also improved the lipid profile of diabetic mice after a 28-day trial. The findings revealed the medicinal potential of C. circinalis leaves to treat diabetes mellitus and provided the nutraceutical leads for functional food development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterization of non polar-polar solvent extracts from some tea plantation shade tree leaves with special reference to antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Beneficial properties of shade trees of tea plantations other than their medicinal properties have been extensively studied. This research was initiated to explore the properties of some shade trees with special emphasis on their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Leaves from shade tree like Dalbergia sissoo (DS), Cassia siamea (CS), Derris robusta (DR), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia lenticularis (AL) and Melia azedarach (MA) were used for the study. Characterization of shade tree leaves by determination of moisture, crude fibre and ash content and tests of non polar – polar solvent extracts for steroid, tannins, cardiac glycosides and coumarin, free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, NO scavenging activities, quantification of Flavonoids and antibacterial activity were conducted. The average moisture, crude fibre and ash percentage of shade tree plants were found to be 62.95, 11.28 and 1.86 respectively. Methanol, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate respectively proved to be the most potent solvent for various phytochemical extractions as it gave positive results for tests like tannin, steroid, cardiac glycosides and coumarin. AL (91.46%), DR (92.69%), LL (94.32%) and MA (93.34%) leaf extracts showed a high level of DPPH scavenging activity in their water extracts. In DS (88.11%) and CS (83.23%) maximum DPPH scavenging activity was observed in Diethyl ether and Methanol extracts respectively. Acetone extracts were more active than the water extracts in exhibiting ferric reducing power and NO scavenging activity. Summation of the quantity revealed that DS showed maximum presence of flavonoids and acetone as most potential for isolation of flavonoids. The decreasing order of summative antibacterial activity was recorded in DS, followed by CS, DR, AL, MA and LL. Chloroform showed the highest summative inhibition zone followed by ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, water, hexane, benzene and methanol. The antioxidant and antibacterial potential of shade trees were established.

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Physicochemical Stability and Antioxidant Properties of Locally Available Underutilized Star Fruit Juice

Industrial processing of the fruit juice is responsible for the changes in some quality attributes. Thermal treatment is a most applicable operation for any processing and it affects the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the juice. This study was conducted to observe the changes in some physical properties and the bioactive compounds of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) juice during thermal treatment at 70°C, 80°C and 90°C for 10, 20, 30 and 40 min by a temperature-controlled water bath. During thermal treatment of the juice pH and browning index increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with time and increasing temperature whereas the Cloud index of the juice decreased. No significant variation (P≥ 0.05) noticed in the case of total soluble solids. Color differences gradually increased in case of color parameter (0 to 7.83 ± 0.20) and negatively increased in case of (0 to -7.33± 1.00). Irregular results observed for and maximum difference (3.01±0.08) noticed at 90°C for 40 min. The highest overall color change (∆E= 11.04±0.76) observed when the juice treated at 90°C for 40 min. In consideration of the bioactive compounds, maximum ascorbic acid estimated (24.17±0.70mg/100ml) in fresh juice and with rising temperature and time it decreased. β-carotene also decreased significantly during heat treatment. The Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) found in fresh juice as (540.08±16.64 mg GAE/100 ml) and it was not changed in a regular manner with temperature change. Flavonoid content increased significantly (P≤0.05) when the juice was heat-treated at 70°C and 80°C while no significant change observed at 90°C. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity found in fresh juice (60.19±1.39%) and decreased to (53.83±1.43%) when 90°C temperature was applied for 40 min. This study may help to find out the nutritional value of locally available star fruit and physicochemical changes of this fruit juice during thermal processing.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of the seeds extract of Cucumis sativus Linn

Abstract The prehistoric interaction of plants and human is being strengthened by the remarkable use of plants as remedy against diseases. Cucumis sativus L. is extensively cultivated globally including Pakistan. The present study was carried out to find the antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of Cucumis sativus seed extract. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycoside, phenols and carbohydrates. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used for antioxidant activity. Crude ethanolic extract showed maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 46.05±1.23 at 500µg/ml, while ascorbic acid showed 92.5%. For Antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion method was used. In the antibacterial activity, crude ethanolic extract was most active against Staphylococcus aureus (21.5mm) and less against Shigella flexneri (17.0mm). The n-haxane fraction was highly active against Salmonella typhi (26mm), DCM against E. coli (16.25mm) and Salmonella typhi showed 16.0mm inhibition with ethyl acetate. Crude extract of ethanol was tested against Alternaria, Acremonium, Verticellium, Pythium and Tricoderma sps. Alternaria showed low zone of inhibition (08mm) while the rest of fungi were highly susceptible with zone of inhibition 15mm, 14mm, 17mm and 15mm respectively. The Pythium spp. was highly susceptible to n-haxane fraction (20.00mm), Acremonium to DCM fraction (20.00mm) and to ethyl acetate (16.00 mm). The results showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity which might be because of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and phenols in there, suggesting that C. sativus should be used as an active nutrition to control microbial infections leading to chronic diseases. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Antioxidant activity; Cucumis sativus L.; Phytochemical analysis http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700202

Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley

Event Abstract Back to Event Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley Pei Cee Lim1, Nur Kartinee Kassim1*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Ikhlas Khan2, 3, Shabana I. Khan2, 3, Khozirah Shaari1 and Amin Ismail4 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia 2 National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, United States 3 Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, United States 4 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Background Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley, a Rutaceae family species, known as ‘kisampang’ and ‘pepau’ are distributed in Southeast Asia - Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines to Papua New Guinea in the Pacific. Traditionally, Melicope latifolia leaves are used as remedy for fever and cramps. In Indonesia, the leaves are used in folk medicine to cure jaundice and malaria. Other Melicope species were reported to possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, to date, there are limited reports on chemical constituents and biological potential of this species. Methods Powdered leaves of Melicope latifolia were extracted successively using hexanes, ethyl acetate and methanol. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant capacities namely 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and copper reducing antioxidant capacity assay (CUPRAC) of the extracts were evaluated. Phytochemical study on the methanol extract yielded five flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides which were then subjected to cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay. Results Melicope latifolia methanol extract exhibited the highest phenolic content with 57mg GAE/g extract compared to other extracts. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity and ORAC values were also observed in methanol extract with 70mg TE/g extract and 1830µmol TE/g extract respectively. The methanol extract also possessed significant reducing ability on CUPRAC with the value of 187mg TE/g extract. Chemical constituents named taxifolin, quercetin 3-O-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside were isolated for the first time from this species. These compounds were subjected to CAA assay. Taxifolin was the most effective in decreasing the cellular oxidative stress compared to other compounds. Conclusion Methanol extract of Melicope latifolia appears to have the most significant antioxidant capacity. Isolated phenolic compounds from the extract certainly contribute to its anti-oxidative properties to some extent. Keywords: Rutaceae, Flavonoid, Melicope latifolia, Flavonoid glycosides, antioxidant Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Miscellaneous Citation: Lim P, Kassim N, Ali Z, Khan I, Khan SI, Shaari K and Ismail A (2019). Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00086 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. 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Received: 18 Oct 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Nur Kartinee Kassim, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia, kartinee@upm.edu.my Dr. Zulfiqar Ali, National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, United States, zulfiqar@olemiss.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail Google Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail Google Scholar Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail PubMed Pei Cee Lim Nur Kartinee Kassim Zulfiqar Ali Ikhlas Khan Shabana I Khan Khozirah Shaari Amin Ismail Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Green approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Nigella arvensis leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and catalytic activities

In the present work, we studied the reduction of gold ions into gold nanoparticles using Nigella arvensis leaf extract in the one-step green synthesis method. The formation of N. arvensis gold nanoparticles (NA-GNPs) was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR and TEM analyses. The XRD pattern confirmed the crystal structure of NA-GNPs, and TEM image showed the small size (3–37 nm) and almost spherical shape of NA-GNPs. NA-GNPs have not shown enhanced antioxidant properties compared to the plant extract while they were active against the clinical isolated bacterial strains. These nanoparticles showed the cytotoxicity effects against H1299 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 10 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The extract of N. arvensis contained 212 μg/ml flavonoids and 145 μg/ml phenolic compounds. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids of biosynthesized NA-GNPs were 68 and 189 μg/ml, respectively. Plant extract and NA-GNPs exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of 32% and 12%, respectively. The catalytic activity of NA-GNPs against methylene blue was 44%. In conclusion, these results suggest that NA-GNPs can act as a promising candidate for different medical applications produced by cost-effective, eco-friendly and straightforward green method.