Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma Research Articles

Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of Left Maxillary Sinus: A Case Report of Rare Tumor on Rare Location

Introduction: Primary extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) is a rare and aggressive tumor with diverse clinical manifestations. In the realm of head and neck pathology, EPSCC most commonly presents in the larynx or oral cavity. Sinonasal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma represents a particularly infrequent and aggressive neoplasm affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Case Presentation: Here in, we are presenting a case of a 40-year-old nonsmoking male with left maxillary sinus EPSCC, demonstrating extensive local invasion and regional lymphadenopathy. The patient presented with nasal obstruction, ocular swelling, visual loss, and multiple neck swellings. Diagnosis was challenging, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and histopathological confirmation. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and synaptophysin markers validating the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic complexities and highlights the importance of swift intervention and a multidisciplinary treatment approach for optimizing patient outcomes in rare and aggressive tumors like EPSCC. Early detection and prompt management are crucial in resource-limited settings to mitigate morbidity and mortality.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Maxillectomy Patient with Restricted Mouth Opening Using an Altered Cast Technique: A Case Report

Deformity in the maxillofacial region caused by surgical resection of a tumor have an adverse effect on the patient's ability to swallow, masticate, phonate, and psychological state. These patients may have restricted mouth opening capacity due to several surgical procedures and scar contracture resulting from radiation therapy. Therefore due to restricted access to the oral cavity prosthetic rehabilitation of these patients becomes a challenging task. A precise impression of the resection defect is necessary for accurate obturation. This is not practical for patients who have restricted mouth opening, hence this crucial first step in the making of a good prosthesis is frequently accomplished by altering the conventional impression method. This clinical report details the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who was diagnosed with Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus. Patient underwent maxillectomy for tumor removal, which was worsened by trismus as a result of the procedure and radiation therapy. For orofacial rehabilitation and defect obturation, the patient was restored with a removable dental prosthesis with a hollow bulb obturator. An altered cast technique was used in the final impression making. This rehabilitation approach was successful in restoring lost function and appearance of the patient. Keywords: Maxillectomy, Hollow Obturator, Altered cast technique

Maxillary Sinus NUT Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is extremely rare, occurs in the midline of the body, progresses rapidly and is refractory to treatment; most patients die within a year. Here, we describe a case of maxillary sinus NUT carcinoma presenting with epistaxis and nasal obstruction that was treated as a standard head and neck carcinoma. The patient was a 41-year-old male with a left buccal swelling; the diagnosis was made of primary NUT carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus and bone metastasis in the cervical spine. After induction chemotherapy with docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, the tumor decreased in size, and the patient was further treated with cisplatin and radiation therapy. One month after that, the tumor remained small, however, lung metastasis was observed. Therefore, nivolumab was administered. Cetuximab and paclitaxel were administered after the lung metastasis worsened, but the patient developed progressive disease and died 11 months after diagnosis. Effective treatments for NUT carcinoma have not yet been established. However, early testing to establish the diagnosis may provide useful insights to guide clinical decisions to improve patient outcomes.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus

ABSTRACT Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing tumor that develops from the mucous glands’ epithelium. Most commonly, it develops in salivary glands and is rare in the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is common in the fourth to sixth decade of life, with a female preponderance. We present a case of a 40-year-old male who came with complaints of right-sided nasal obstruction, which was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a mucocele. He underwent endoscopic excision of the mass. Histopathology was suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Later, the patient underwent right orbital floor-sparing total maxillectomy, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.

A Rare Case of P63-Negative Sinonasal Nut Midline Carcinoma in the Elderly.

Molecular analysis of a NUT carcinoma and age at diagnosis may serve as a potential means for predicting patient prognosis in cases of midline NCC.Each patient should receive careful monitoring and a personalised treatment strategy based on their molecular studies. Surgical resection, along with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, has the potential to improve overall survival rates.In line with the commonly observed relationship between increased p63 mutation and poorer survival rates, a negative p63 expression in squamous cell carcinomas may indicate a more favorable prognosis. This hypothesis highlights the importance of further research to validate these findings.

Maxillary sinus and hard palate squamous cell carcinoma: Multi-institutional experience

Maxillary sinus and hard palate squamous cell carcinoma: Multi-institutional experience

Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma Presenting as Trochlear Nerve Palsy

We present a case of 21-year old gentleman presented with diplopia for last 4 months. There was history of protrusion of left eye ball, abnormal head posture causing head tilt and turning face towards right side and a painless lump in mouth over hard palate on left side. On examination, there was torticollis of the head with proptosis and partial ptosis of the left eye. There was impairment of intorsion, depression and adduction of the left eye with binocular diplopia which worsened when the left eye was directed downwards and medially. There was sensory loss in ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the left Trigeminal nerve. CT scan of the paranasal sinuses revealed a locally aggressive mass in the left maxillary sinus with erosion and extension to left temporal bone. Biopsy confirmed it as Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma and a multidisciplinary management with ENT, neurosurgery and oncology was planned.

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Contribute to Differentiating Solid- and Nonsolid-Type Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in Maxillary Sinus.

This study aimed to evaluate the imaging features of maxillary sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the imaging differences between solid and nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC. We retrospectively reviewed 40 cases of histopathologically confirmed ACC of the maxillary sinus. All the patients underwent CT and MRI. Based on the histopathological characteristics, the patients were classified into 2 groups: ( a ) solid maxillary sinus ACC (n = 16) and ( b ) nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC (n = 24). Imaging features such as tumor size, morphology, internal structure, margin, type of bone destruction, signal intensity, enhancement changes, and perineural tumor spread on CT and MRI, were evaluated. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured. Comparisons of imaging features and ADC values were performed between the solid and nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC using χ 2 and nonparametric tests. The internal structure, margin, type of bone destruction, and degree of enhancement significantly differed between solid and nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC (all P < 0.05). The ADC of the solid maxillary sinus ACC was considerably lower than that of the nonsolid maxillary sinus ( P < 0.05). Computed tomography and MRI may aid in the differentiation of solid and nonsolid types of maxillary sinus ACC.

A Rare Case of Tubercular Osteomyelitis of Maxilla: A Case Report.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic granulomatous infection which primarily affects lungs. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which was discovered by Dr Robert Koch. It can also affect other organs. Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Early detection and initiation of antitubercular therapy are important in the management of TB. Extrapulmonary TB might not exhibit same features as pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of maxilla is an extremely rare entity which can be misdiagnosed as carcinoma of maxillary sinus or other infectious conditions. We are presenting a case of tuberculous osteomyelitis of maxilla in a 14-year-old female who came with a discharging sinus over the right cheek. She underwent endoscopic debridement of sinuses and histopathological examination was suggestive of Koch's infection. Patient was further treated with antitubercular therapy and showed significant improvement at four weeks follow up.

SIMULTANEOUS DIAGNOSIS OF ERYTHRODERMIC POIKILODERMATOUS MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES AND MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA OF THE RIGHT MAXILLARY SINUS

Background: Poikilodermatous mycosis fungoides (pMF) is a very rare variant of cutaneous T lymphoma. We describe a rare case of erythrodermic poikilodermatous MF associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the right maxillary sinus. Case report: A 66-year-old patient was admitted to the dermatology department for a dry pruritic and poikilodermic erythroderma that had been evolving for two years. He also reported a right unilateral nasal obstruction evolving for one and a half years. Histological examination showed an orthokeratotic epidermis and an edematous superficial and middle dermis, with a thick band of lymphocytic infiltrate in the subepidermis. This infiltrate was made of atypical lymphoid elements of mixed CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T phenotype with epidermotropism, allowing for diagnosis of poikilodermic MF to be made. A Deep biopsy of the right maxillary sinus had concluded a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusion: Although it is impossible to demonstrate a causal relationship between erythrodermic poikilodermatous MF and our patients mucoepidermoid carcinoma, this observation illustrates that in case of dissociated evolution under treatment of a poikilodermatous erythrodermic MF, the search for a second cancer is desirable. The association between poikilodermatous erythrodermic MF and Hematologic or Solid malignancies, requires long-term follow-up and conditions the prognosis of patients.

Automated Non-coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Planning for Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma.

Dosimetric parameters in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), non-coplanar VMAT (NC-VMAT), and automated NC-VMAT (HyperArc, HA) were compared for patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma (MSC). Twenty HA plans were generated to deliver 70.4, 64, and 46 Gy for planning target volumes with high (PTV1), intermediate (PTV2), and low risk (PTV3), respectively. The VMAT and NC-VMAT plans were retrospectively generated using the same optimized parameters as those used in the HA plans. For PTV1, the three treatment plans provided comparable target coverages. For PTV2, the D95%, D99%, and Dmin in the HA plans (64.7±1.2, 62.7±2.1 and 54.6±6.2 Gy, respectively) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in the VMAT plans (64.3±1.7, 61.9±2.4 and 52.9±6.4 Gy, respectively). The NC-VMAT and HA plans provided significantly higher (p<0.05) dosimetric parameters for PTV3 than those in the VMAT plans, and D99% in the HA was significantly higher than that in the NC-VMAT plans (52.5±3.0 vs. 51.8±2.7 Gy, p<0.05). The doses to the brain and brainstem were lowest in the HA plans (p<0.05). Moreover, dosimetric parameters of the contralateral organs (lens, optic nerve, retina, and parotid) were lower in the HA plans than in the VMAT and NC-VMAT plans. The HA plans provided the best target coverage and OAR sparing compared with VMAT and NC-VMAT plans for patients with MSC.

Prevalence, Types, and Management of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Prevalence, Types, and Management of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Osteosarcoma of jaw, common entity at an uncommon site: a rare case report

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Jaw is an uncommon site. The etiopathogenesis is still unknown. We present a case of 47-year-old female who underwent left partial maxillectomy as the lesion increased in size over one month after removal of a tooth. Prior to the surgery, computed tomography (CT) scan was suggestive of left maxillary sinus carcinoma and biopsy report was suggestive of spindle cell lesion. Partial maxillectomy specimen received in which size of the tumor was 5.5×5.5×4 cm with a pearly-white, solid, homogenous cut surface with gritty sensation on cutting. On histopathology it turned out to be osteosarcoma of the jaw. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) was done to confirm the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The patient was given chemotherapy after the confirmation and at present the patient is doing well.&lt;/p&gt;

The incidence of maxillary sinus carcinoma in nasal mass

The external nose is pyramidal in shape with its root above and base directed downwards. The framework is composed of bones and cartilages. The bones are the two nasal bones articulating medially. Laterally they articulate with the frontal process of maxilla, superiorly to the medial part of nasal notch of frontal bone and inferiorly to the lateral cartilage of nose and posteriorly with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone. Considering the malignant conditions of nose &amp; PNS, the most common issq. cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus (37.S°lc&gt;), followed by S. q cell carcinoma of nose (25%), and then Adenocarcinoma of maxillary sinus (1 2.5%), Sq. cell carcinoma of Ethmoid sinus (12.5%) &amp; adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus (12.5°/o) These findings are comparable with reports of Cheesman (1957) , who had noted that Sq. cell carcinoma comprised of 80% of cases &amp; Bahadur et al (1984), who reported that most common was Sq. cell carcinoma (65%).Followed by adenocysticcarcinoma (12%), Adinocarcinoma (12%) Meliginate lanoma (2%) olfactory neuroblastoma(2%).

The level of incidence of rhinosporidiosis in nasal mass in ear, nose and throat.

According to Swindle (1935) in the mucous membrane of the nose the arrangement of the blood vessels consists of a superficial venous plexus and a deeper arteriolar. System, arranged parallel to the long axis of the nose. The relationship of taking bath in infected pond and agriculture work is explained by the above observation. There is no specific occupational incidence in other of nasal mass in the present series. Out of 8 cases (6.15%) of malignant tumours, sq. cell carcinoma is the most common (66%), in which three cases (37.5%) were sq. cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus, 2 cases of sq. cell carcinoma of nose &amp; 1 case of sq. cell carcinoma of ethmoid sinus. Nasal masses are more common on 2nd decade (33.33%) followed by 3rd decade (26%). Malignancy of nose /PNS are found in 4-6th decade of life. Nasal masses are more common in males (71%)

The role of the WNT signaling pathway in the maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma.

Paranasal sinus tumors are a rare type of cancer. Most of these tumors are of epithelial origin and 80% of them are maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. The WNT signaling pathway is an essential embryonic regulatory pathway known to play an important role in many cancers, including head and neck cancers. However, the effect of this pathway in maxillary sinus tumors has not been studied before. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the regulatory genes of the WNT signaling pathway in maxillary sinus tumors. For this purpose, total RNA was isolated from the pathological preparations of 85 patients who had previously been operated on for squamous cell maxillary sinus tumor, and gene expression changes were evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. The interactions among proteins encoded by genes, whose expression levels were found to be decreased and increased, were determined by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using string database, and signaling pathways that they are involved in were examined by Reactome database. A significant decrease in the expression of 28 genes compared to the control (fold change < 2.00 and p-value < 0.05) and a significant increase in the expression of 23 genes (fold change < 2.00 and p-value < 0.05) were detected. According to in silico analysis results, Signal Transduction (REACTOME:R-HSA-162582) and Signaling by WNT (REACTOME:R-HSA-195721) pathways were determined as most regulated pathways and FZD4-LRP5 and BCL9-CTNNB1 were determined as the strongest interactions. The current study contributes to illuminating the genetic regulation of maxillary sinus carcinoma in which genetic knowledge is limited. Our findings take attention to the dysregulations of the WNT signaling pathway that may support maxillary sinus carcinogenesis. The results will pave the way for further studies that investigate the therapy target potential of the WNT signaling pathway in this rare cancer.

Clinical study of squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus

Clinical study of squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus

Locally Advanced Squamous Cells Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus: A Case Showing Complete Response to Exclusive Chemoradiotherapy

Maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent type of Maxillary sinus carcinoma, and over 80% of Maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinomas are detected at an advanced stage because of a lack of typical symptoms, and making curative surgery sometimes impossible. We report a case of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus, which had an aggressive clinical course but a complete response to chemoradiation. A discussion of the clinical course and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma is presented, along with a review of the pertinent literature.

A Competing Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Death of Patients With Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma.

ObjectivesHerein, we purposed to establish and verify a competing risk nomogram for estimating the risk of cancer-specific death (CSD) in Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma (MSC) patients.MethodsThe data of individuals with MSC used in this study was abstracted from the (SEER) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data resource as well as from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (China). The risk predictors linked to CSD were identified using the CIF (cumulative incidence function) along with the Fine-Gray proportional hazards model on the basis of univariate analysis coupled with multivariate analysis implemented in the R-software. After that, a nomogram was created and verified to estimate the three- and five-year CSD probability.ResultsOverall, 478 individuals with MSC were enrolled from the SEER data resource, with a 3- and 5-year cumulative incidence of CSD after diagnosis of 42.1% and 44.3%, respectively. The Fine-Gray analysis illustrated that age, histological type, N stage, grade, surgery, and T stage were independent predictors linked to CSD in the SEER-training data set (n = 343). These variables were incorporated in the prediction nomogram. The nomogram was well calibrated and it demonstrated a remarkable estimation accuracy in the internal validation data set (n = 135) abstracted from the SEER data resource and the external validation data set (n = 200). The nomograms were well-calibrated and had a good discriminative ability with concordance indexes (c-indexes) of 0.810, 0.761, and 0.755 for the 3- and 5-year prognosis prediction of MSC-specific mortality in the training cohort, internal validation, and external validation cohort, respectively.ConclusionsThe competing risk nomogram constructed herein proved to be an optimal assistant tool for estimating CSD in individuals with MSC.

Trend analysis of the dosimetric impact of anatomical changes during proton therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma.

PurposeAnatomical changes, such as shrinkage and aeration, can affect dose distribution in proton therapy (PT) for maxillary sinus carcinoma (MSC). These changes can affect the dose to the target and organs at risk (OARs); however, when these changes occur during PT is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric impact of anatomical changes during PT.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients with MSC were enrolled in this study. Initial PT plans were generated based on initial computed tomography (CT) images. Several repeat CT images were obtained to confirm anatomical changes during PT. Evaluation PT plans were generated by copying initial PT plans to repeat CT images. The dose differences of the target and OARs were evaluated by comparing both the plans.ResultsAt 3–4 weeks after the initiation of PT, the target volume reduced by approximately 10% as compared with the initial volume. Consequently, the target volumes gradually varied until the end of treatment. The value of V95 (volume that received 95% of the prescription dose) in the clinical target volume of the evaluation PT plan was similar to that of the initial PT plan. However, the dose to OARs, such as the contralateral optic nerve, contralateral eyeball, brainstem, and optic chiasm, increased significantly from the middle to the later phases of the treatment course. In contrast, there was a slight dose difference in the ipsilateral optic apparatus.ConclusionThe trend analysis in this study showed that anatomical changes appeared 3–4 weeks after the start of PT, and the dose to the OARs tended to increase. Therefore, it is recommended to check the status of tumor 3–4 weeks after the start of treatment to avoid the deterioration of dose distribution due to these changes.