Maxillary Cavity Research Articles

Comparison of Reconstruction of Maxilloalveolar Resections in Head and Neck Cancers with Chimeric Anterolateral Thigh Flap (ALT) versus Standard ALT Flap.

Background Oral malignancy that presents at a locally advanced stage needs complex surgical resections in which the maxillary cavity is usually left open. The constant maxillary secretions lead to problems like poor healing, fistula formation, and flap necrosis, causing longer hospital stays, delayed adjuvant therapy, and additional surgeries. Several methods have been tried to ameliorate this, each faced with its own difficulties. This study describes the use of chimeric free anterolateral thigh (ALT) with vastus lateralis (VL) muscle to tackle this problem. Materials and Methods With the aim to assess the advantage of reconstruction of maxillo-alveolar resections using chimeric ALT + VL, we analyzed data from 20 cases reconstructed with chimeric free ALT + VL over a year. We compared them with twenty matched controls reconstructed with standard ALT. Analysis was done with respect to intraoperative ease, adequacy of maxillary sinus fill, postoperative secretions, length of hospital stay, duration to adjuvant therapy, and postoperative complications tabulated using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. Results It was found that chimeric ALT + VL gave greater freedom of movement to plug the maxillary cavity easily. The chimeric arm patients had fewer complications and a shorter mean hospital stay. Most of them received adjuvant therapy within their optimal time window. Conclusion Chimeric ALT with vastus lateralis muscle is a reliable option for reconstructing complex defects, especially with dead space cavities like the maxillary sinus. Effective plugging of the maxillary sinus during the primary surgery results in better patient outcomes and must be done routinely.

Palatal Mucoperiosteum-A Redeemable Barrier in Surgical Management of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis.

Ever since the commencement of the COVID-19 pandemic, post-recovery complications have been in the highlights, out of which rhinocerebral mucormycosis tops the chart. The surgical management of this disease was always aggressive debridement, resection, and antifungal treatment. Oronasal communication after aggressive surgical management always leads to breathing, feeding, and cosmetic impairments. In this study, cases were managed by leaving the palatal mucosa intact after the removal of all the affected hard and soft tissues including the periosteum attached to the mucosa, to preserve the palatal mucoperiosteum and to improve the postoperative complications in patients by maintaining the oronasal separation. Prospective review of the operated case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in 20 patients was presented. An intraoral approach for hard and soft tissue resection was employed. The palatal mucoperiosteum was salvaged in all patients. Postoperative complications like oronasal communication, ill-fitting prosthesis, and healing were evaluated. A total of 20 patients underwent maxillectomy for mucormycosis involving the maxilla and palate along with other facial bones. The palatal mucosa was preserved and used for oronasal separation. The expected complications of nasal regurgitation, crustation of the maxillary cavity, ill-fitting prosthesis, etc. were evaded due to this. The administration of Inj. liposomal amphotericin B (LiAB) postsurgically has been the backbone of this procedure.

Influence of the height of the alveolar bone in the distal parts of the upper jaw on the odontogenic inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinus

Aim: To determine whether the height of the alveolar bone affects the transmission of inflammation from the periapex of the tooth to the maxillary sinus. Background: The maxillary sinus is the largest of all paranasal cavities and is located in the body of the upper jaw. The inflammatory process in the teeth can often ascend to the maxillary sinuses and thus can cause odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Untreated periapical inflammatory processes of the teeth in the distal parts of the upper jaw are the most common cause of odontogenic sinusitis. Data in the literature show that there is a correlation between the thickness of the mucosa of the maxillary sinus and the proximity of some anatomical structures, such as the height of the alveolar bone between the distal teeth of the upper jaw and the floor of the maxillary sinus. Methods: To accomplish the task, we analyzed 109 CBCT images of patients with odontogenic cysts of the upper jaw, located in the area below the floor of the maxillary sinus. In 61 of them the residual alveolar bone was less than 3 mm. For the other 48 it was over 5 mm. The group of teeth, included in the study, consisted of premolars and molars. Above each tooth with an odontogenic cyst, the thickness of the mucosa of the maxillary cavity was measured. For normal mucosa we considered thickness of 0 – 2 mm, and for pathological – thickness of over 2 mm. Group I – In this group we included odontogenic cysts in which the measured distance between the cystic cavity and the floor of the maxillary sinus was less than 3 mm. Group II – In this group we included odontogenic cysts in which the measured distance between the cystic cavity and the floor of the maxillary sinus was over 5 mm. Results: The following results were obtained in group I. Of the 61 cases with an odontogenic cyst present and alveolar bone height below 3 mm, the mean measured value in mm of sinus membrane thickness was 5.7 mm. The maximum value was 13 mm and the minimum was 2 mm. In group II we obtained the following results: we had 47 cases of radicular cysts of the distal teeth of the upper jaw, and the height of the bone to the floor of the maxillary sinus was 5 mm and more. The average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa was 2.21 mm. For comparison, up to 2 mm in the scientific literature is considered a healthy clinical mucosa. The minimum measured value was 1 mm and the maximum value was 8 mm. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that there is a clear relationship between the thickening of the maxillary sinus membrane and the present periapical pathology of the maxillary distal teeth when they are close to or in contact with the floor of the maxillary sinus. This dependence increases with decreasing the volume of the residual alveolar bone.

MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGICAL METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERFORATED SINUSITIS

MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGICAL METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERFORATED SINUSITIS

Nasal Floor Slanting and Its Association With Nasofacial Structures

Background and Objectives Nasal floor slanting (NFS) is an incidental radiographic finding of asymmetry in the nasal floor level. Despite its frequent appearance, however, NFS has never been properly defined, neither has its correlation with the asymmetry of the adjacent nasofacial structures been investigated. We evaluated the incidence of NFS in patients with sinonasal symptoms and its correlation with the nasofacial skeletal structures.Subjects and Method We investigated patients who underwent preoperative ostiomeatal unit (OMU) CT and facial photography. We measured the incidence of NFS and its angle in the 265 patient images, and analyzed the relationships between NFS and radiologically detected asymmetries of the adjacent nasofacial skeleton and facial asymmetry visible on a photograph.Results NFS was found in 51% of the study subjects (136/265), who were defined as the slanted group. The mean NFS angle in the slanted group was 7.7° with a standard deviation (SD) of 4.4°, ranging from 2.4° to 22.4°. The slanted group showed a higher incidence of nasal septal deviation, asymmetry in the orbit and maxillary sinus, and a larger maxillary cavity (<i>p</i><0.001) than the non-slanted group. Asymmetry of the face showed a higher incidence in the slanted group (<i>p</i><0.01), whereas an external nasal deviation did not show an association with NFS.Conclusion NFS is evident in about 50% of patients complaining of nasal symptoms and is associated with nasofacial skeletal asymmetry as well as asymmetry in the face.

Retention of teeth with access to the nose and maxillary cavity

The retention of teeth in the thickness of the jaws and their growth in an unusual place, the phenomena are not so frequent.

An Upper Triassic terrestrial vertebrate assemblage from the forgotten Kocury locality (Poland) with a new aetosaur taxon

ABSTRACT Since 1990, several localities within the Keuper (upper Middle to Upper Triassic) strata in southern Poland have yielded remains of numerous terrestrial vertebrate species. Here we report a new Upper Triassic vertebrate assemblage from the rediscovered Kocury locality. An incomplete theropod dinosaur fibula named Velocipes guerichi described in 1932 was found there. The site was then forgotten and not explored until our excavations began in 2012, that yielded material of a lungfish, a proterochersid turtle, and a new typothoracin aetosaur Kocurypelta silvestris gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is characterized by autapomorphies of the maxilla: an elongated edentulous posterior portion longer than 80% of the posterior maxillary process, a short medial shelf restricted to the posterior portion of the bone, an anteriorly unroofed maxillary accessory cavity, and lack of a distinct groove for choanal recess on the anteromedial surface of the bone. These new finds improve our knowledge on the vertebrate diversity of the Germanic Basin in the Late Triassic, evidencing the presence of yet unrecognized taxa. Additionally, the partial cranial aetosaur material emphasizes the issues with the aetosaurian taxonomy that is focused mostly on the osteoderm morphology.

METASTASIS OF RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA IN ORAL CAVITY: CASE REPORT

A male patient, 60 years old, with leukoderma, complained about obstruction in the right nostril 3 months ago. His medical history showed a diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma in the left kidney with bone metastasis on the femur. Clinical examination revealed a volume increase in the right side of the middle third of the face. A sessile, solid to palpation, painless and non-bleeding tumor lesion was observed in the mouth. Computed tomography showed soft tissue material in the right maxillary sinus extending through the nasal fossae with erosion of the bony walls of the maxillary cavity. Incisional biopsy was performed and histologic slides stained in hematoxylin and eosin showed cuboid or rounded cells with evident cytoplasmic membrane delimiting clear cytoplasm with oval and hyperchromatic nuclei, leading to the diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinoma. Due to the impossibility of surgical treatment the patient was referred to the oncology to define a chemotherapeutic protocol.

TRANSNASAL ENDOSCOPIC PRELACRIMAL RECESS APPROACH IN A SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ANTROCHOANAL POLYP

maxillary sinus, through the maxillary sinus ostium with extension into the choana. They represent approximately 4–6% of all nasal polyps in the general population. Antrochoanal polyps are almost always unilateral, although there are few cases of bilateral ACPs in the literature. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of endoscopic transnasal prelacrimal recess approach (ETPRA) in preventing the recurrence of antrochoanal polyps and evaluate the outcomes and possible complications of prelacrimal recess approach for treatment of antrochoanal polyps. Patient and Methods: forty patients with antrochoanal polyp underwent surgery with a transnasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach. The approach was evaluated for the ability to visualise the origin of the polyp in the maxillary cavity, complications and recurrence of the polyp. Results: Transnasal prelacrimal recess approach was successful in 80% of the patients (32/40), 80% of patients (32/40) did not encounter epiphora postoperatively, 85% of them (34/40) had no epistaxis, 90% of them (36/40) had no cheek edema. None of them had nasal obstruction, nasal stenosis or adhesions, All of them had the flap healed, and all of them had the inferior turbinate preserved. During the follow-up period (1 year) no recurrence had developed. Conclusion: Prelacrimal recess approach is a safe procedure which allows for complete removal of the antral part of the antrochoanal polyps to prevent recurrence without major complications.

TRANSNASAL ENDOSCOPIC PRELACRIMAL RECESS APPROACH IN A SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ANTROCHOANAL POLYP

maxillary sinus, through the maxillary sinus ostium with extension into the choana. They represent approximately 4–6% of all nasal polyps in the general population. Antrochoanal polyps are almost always unilateral, although there are few cases of bilateral ACPs in the literature. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of endoscopic transnasal prelacrimal recess approach (ETPRA) in preventing the recurrence of antrochoanal polyps and evaluate the outcomes and possible complications of prelacrimal recess approach for treatment of antrochoanal polyps. Patient and Methods: forty patients with antrochoanal polyp underwent surgery with a transnasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach. The approach was evaluated for the ability to visualise the origin of the polyp in the maxillary cavity, complications and recurrence of the polyp. Results: Transnasal prelacrimal recess approach was successful in 80% of the patients (32/40), 80% of patients (32/40) did not encounter epiphora postoperatively, 85% of them (34/40) had no epistaxis, 90% of them (36/40) had no cheek edema. None of them had nasal obstruction, nasal stenosis or adhesions, All of them had the flap healed, and all of them had the inferior turbinate preserved. During the follow-up period (1 year) no recurrence had developed. Conclusion: Prelacrimal recess approach is a safe procedure which allows for complete removal of the antral part of the antrochoanal polyps to prevent recurrence without major complications.

Reversible Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy: Endonasal Approach to Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus.

Introduction The endoscopic access has reduced the morbidity associated with external approaches in diseases of the maxillary sinus. A reversible endoscopic medial maxillectomy (REMM) is presented as an alternative for treatment of benign maxillary diseases. Objective To describe the REMM technique and report four cases of patients with benign maxillary sinus conditions treated through this approach. Methods The present study was divided into two parts: anatomical and case series. Two cadaveric dissections confirmed the feasibility of the REMM approach. The same technique was performed on four consecutive patients with benign maxillary sinus disease. Results The cadaveric dissections confirmed wide exposure to the maxillary cavity, preserving the anatomy of the maxillary sinus. In the patient series, one patient presented with an antrochoanal polyp, one had a silent sinus syndrome, one had a chronic maxillary sinusitis secondary to a gunshot, and the last one had an inverted papilloma in the maxillary sinus. In all of the cases, the REMM approach provided excellent access and adequate resection, as well as preservation of the inferior turbinate, nasolacrimal duct, and lateral wall of the nose (including its osteomucosal component). Finally, all of the patients had an uneventful postoperative course. Conclusion The REMM technique is an excellent surgical approach to benign conditions of the maxillary sinus. It has few limitations and appears to be associated with less morbidity than conventional techniques.

Jumpstart Mirror Trainer: A New Device for Teaching Mirror Skills to First-Year Dental Students.

Learning indirect vision with a dental mirror is challenging and can be overwhelming for beginning dental students. The Jumpstart Mirror Trainer is a new device that allows students to become proficient with mirror use before the start of preclinic without requiring in-class practice sessions. The aim of this study, conducted in 2017, was to compare the effectiveness of the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer with the Mirroprep for teaching indirect motor skills. Forty-seven first-year dental students were randomized into three groups to use the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer, Mirroprep, or a control device for 15 minutes a day for ten days. To assess indirect motor skills improvement, students performed a maxillary cavity preparation before and after using their devices. A survey was used to assess students' comfort level with mirror skills and perceived helpfulness of the exercises. Forty students completed the study. The Jumpstart Mirror Trainer activities improved the students' scores significantly more than the Mirroprep activities (p=0.04) and the control device (p=0.006). Students in the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer group rated their device as being significantly more helpful than the control group rated its device in preparing them for the evaluation (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in perceived helpfulness between the Mirroprep group and the control group (p=0.75). These results suggest that the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer may be able to improve students' indirect motor skills without requiring in-class practice sessions and to do so more effectively than other existing methods.

MINIMALLY INVASIVE METHODOLOGY FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ODONTOGENIC SINUSITIS

Today, odontogenic sinusitis (OS) occurs in up to 40% of cases among all maxillary sinusitis. At the same time there is an increase in the incidence of OS. This is facilitated by factors such as late medical treatment, improved diagnostic capabilities, an increase in number of dental and especially implantation interventions with the lifting of mucous floor of maxillary sinus. The aim of work was to develop an optimal, sparing surgical option that should lead to a lasting recovery of patients with odontogenic sinusitis. For 5 years, under supervision and treatment, there were 58 patients with hypertension from the age of 20 to 65 years. In 42 of them, the cause of development of exhaust gas was a complication of the tooth extraction operation, which led to perforation of the lower wall of the sinus. In one case out of 42 observed patients with odontogenic sinusitis (OS), the patient did not need to undergo radical surgery on the maxillary sinus lesions. All patients managed to achieve a sustained recovery with minimal surgical intervention, both in bone structures, and in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (MS), nasal cavity and oral cavity. The authors of the article believe that at in case of OS, there is no evidence for radical surgery on MS, and surgical intervention should be organ-preserving. An exception can be made only for cases of OS that is complicated by inflammatory osteomyelitis, orbital and intracranial complications. Patients with OS should be treated in maxillo-facial departments with obligatory consultation of the otorhinolaryngologist, who knows the features of pathological process in MS better than the maxillofacial surgeon. In addition, in OS one should use a set of conservative measures that will help to ensure the compete treatment of the inflamed sinus. Having the opportunity to choose the optimal sparing variant of intervention, one can achieve optimal and steady recovery of patients with OS.

THE CLINICAL AND LABORATORY TESTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KRIOCYSTEKTOMY OF ODONTOGENOUS CYSTS, OVERGROWN THE BOTTOM OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS

For the purpose of an increase in the effectiveness in the treatment of odontogenous cysts in the region of upper jaw and preventive maintenance of different complications we have proposed the procedure of kriocystektomy. The clinical laboratory testing of the effectiveness of its use with the application of roentgenography, densitometry, laser thermometry of gum into the region of the arrangement of cysts, the results of investigating of S-reactive protein (mg/ml), factor of the necrosis of tumor (FNO-α, pg/ml), it is lactoferrini, a quantity of factor of an increase in the fibroblasts -β - of oFRF-β (ng/ml) they showed the normalization of all indices on 30 day after operation in all 33 inspected patients with the odontogenous cysts, which germinate the bottom of the upper maxillary cavity and nasal cavity. Obtained data are the highly informative proof of simplicity, rationality and safety of the developed regime of kriocystektomy during the reatment of odontogenous cysts.

Magnetic resonance imaging artefacts and fixed orthodontic attachments

Orthodontic appliances are often removed before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans because they are known to produce artefacts. The purpose of this study was to find the exact indications for removal of various fixed attachments when imaging four specific areas of the head and neck. Sixty patients requiring an MRI scan of the head for medical reasons volunteered for this investigation. One of four different types of fixed attachments (stainless steel brackets, titanium brackets, ceramic brackets with metal slots, and stainless steel retainers) were assigned to a patient. Each patient had two scans at 1.5 T: with an "empty wax jig" and with a wax jig including the attachment. Archwires were not investigated as they are easily removed before a scan. Two radiologists evaluated the scans of each patient and each of the four areas under investigation: maxillary sinus, oral cavity, temporomandibular joints and posterior cerebral fossa. Stainless steel brackets always caused non-interpretability of all anatomic areas (100 per cent). Titanium brackets, ceramic brackets with metal slots, and stainless steel retainers caused artefact in the oral cavity only (for 20, 16.65, and 86.65 per cent of the subjects). Our results show that ceramic brackets with metal slots and titanium brackets do not always have to be removed before MRI scans of the head and neck, depending on the area under investigation. Metal fixed retainers should only be removed if the oral cavity itself is under investigation. Stainless steel brackets should always be removed before MRI scans of the head and neck.

Functional Evaluation of a CAD/CAM Prosthesis for Immediate Defect Repair after Total Maxillectomy: A Case Series of 18 Patients with Maxillary Sinus Cancer

To evaluate the facial profiles and functional recovery of 18 patients treated by a computer-aided designed/manufactured hollow obturator prosthesis (CAD/CAM prosthesis) after total maxillectomy for malignant maxillary sinus tumor. A retrospective observational study was performed to evaluate the facial profiles and functional recovery of 18 patients with T3-4a N0 M0 maxillary sinus cancer, who were treated by total maxillectomy and simultaneous implantation of a computer-aided designed/manufactured hollow obturator prosthesis (CAD/CAM prosthesis). Follow-ups were performed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Facial measurements, speech intelligibility, and chewing and swallowing functions were examined. Thirteen patients converted to a permanent prosthesis 6 months after surgery. Comparisons were made between patients with and without the CAD/CAM or permanent prosthesis at various times using SPSS13.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Speech intelligibility, facial depression, and eyeball prolapse results showed improvements with prosthesis use at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Swallowing function improved from level V to level II-IV with prosthesis use at 1, 3, and 6 months, and reached level I or II with permanent prosthesis use at 12 months after surgery. Simultaneous CAD/CAM prosthesis implantation recovered the facial profile, enhanced the speaking, swallowing, and chewing functions, and improved the quality of life of patients. Tumor recurrence can be detected by direct observation of the postoperative maxillary cavity. Therefore, this operation is recommended for simultaneous excision repair and functional reconstruction after total maxillectomy. This surgical treatment of maxillary sinus cancer is applied rarely in China, but it has a good effect based on our observation. Simultaneous CAD/CAM prosthesis implantation after total maxillectomy can recover the facial profile, enhance the speaking, swallowing, and chewing functions, and improve the quality of life of patients. Tumor recurrence can be detected by direct observation of the postoperative maxillary cavity. This technique avoids the need for dental implants because the bottom part of the prosthesis contains a palatal plate with dentures.

Effectiveness of surgical decompression in the treatment of a calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor

The calcifying odontogenic cystic tumor (CCOT) is a benign lesion of odontogenic origin characterized by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium with ghost cells that may calcify. Despite broadly considered as a cyst, some investigators prefer to classify it as a neoplasm. Clinically, it occurs predominantly during the third decade of life. No difference in gender prevalence has been observed nor predilection of the lesion between maxilla and mandible. The most affected region extends from the incisor tooth to bicuspids. The classic treatment of the lesion is full excision, although a different approach may be determined by the possible association with another odontogenic tumor. Depending on the tumor size and the vicinity with important structures, decompression may be undertaken before its complete removal. The present report describes a case of CCOT with large proportions, located at the right maxilla and extending to the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, and orbital floor. The treatment option was surgical decompression as the initial procedure, with satisfactory outcome. After partial remission, the lesion was fully removed, and the post-operative follow-up was uneventful.

Spontaneous Transmaxillary-Transnasal Implant Loss

Although implant placement is regarded as a safe procedure, some reports about displacement or migration to the maxillary cavity have been published. Further migration to other paranasal cavities and spontaneous loss are rare events. A case is reported of a migration to the inferior nasal meatus, which is documented by cone-beam CT, with subsequent spontaneous loss. Mucociliary clearance in combination with a local osteolytic inflammatory process likely caused this unusual migration.

Preservation of palatal mucoperiosteum for oronasal separation after total maxillectomy

Oronasal communication occurs after total maxillectomy for advanced sinonasal cancers. This results in feeding, breathing and cosmetic impairment. Various methods have been described to close off the palatal defect from the oral cavity to improve the function of speech and deglutition. The object of this article is to describe our experience of preservation of palatal mucoperiosteum for oronasal separation. Retrospective review of clinical and operative records of 31 total maxillectomy patients where oronasal separation was achieved by the conventional technique of applying a maxillary obturator. The postoperative complications arising from the use of maxillary obturator for oronasal communication after total maxillectomy in these 31 patients were analysed. To avoid the complications encountered in these 31 patients we preserved and used the ipsilateral palatal mucoperiosteum for oronasal separation. This new technique was applied in 12 patients. The results are presented and compared. A total of 43 patients underwent total maxillectomy for advanced sinonasal tumors. In 31 patients the conventional maxillary obturator was used for oronasal separation. Among these patients, 30 had crustation of the maxillary cavity, nasal regurgitation and cheek skin retraction in 15 each, trismus in eight, infection of skin graft donor site in seven, cheek movement during respiration in five and ill-fitting prosthesis in three. In 12 patients palatal mucoperiosteum was preserved and used for oronasal separation. The complications encountered in oronasal separation by palatal prosthesis were avoided in the modified procedure. We found that oronasal separation by preservation of palatal mucoperiosteum following total maxillectomy allowed excellent palatal function, prompt rehabilitation and minimal complications without compromising the prognosis.

Estudo comparativo entre diversas técnicas de confecção de modelo experimental de sinusite inflamatória em coelhos

A criação de modelos de estudo das rinossinusites é necessária para compreensão de seus aspectos fisiopatológicos. OBJETIVO: Sugerimos neste estudo estabelecer um modelo experimental fidedigno, reproduzível e consistente para a rinossinusite inflamatória sem uso de inoculação de agentes infecciosos em coelhos. Tipo de Estudo: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 coelhos neste estudo. Os animais foram submetidos a 4 intervenções diferentes: colocação de tampão de esponja unilateral, obliteração unilateral de óstio nasal com cianoacrilato, instilação unilateral de antígenos em seio maxilar e instilação de sangue em cavidade maxilar unilateral. Os animais foram acompanhados até 15 dias do início do estudo e ao final do período de seguimento foram anestesiados e sacrificados. Os seios maxilares foram avaliados histologicamente e os resultados comparados com os seios maxilares contralaterais para controle e entre os grupos de intervenção. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais do estudo desenvolveram rinorréia amarelada unilateral até o 15º dia de acompanhamento. Apenas os animais que receberam sangue não apresentaram alterações histológicas compatíveis com rinossinusite purulenta. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de esponja e cola para obstrução do óstio meatal e a aplicação de toxóide são eficientes como produtores de modelo de rinossinusite. A aplicação de sangue no antro não produz os mesmos resultados.