Mature Female Rats Research Articles

The Effect of Ceratonia siliqua Supplement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis in Rats.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ceratonia siliqua on bone mineral density (BMD) as a non-pharmaceutical alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Thirty mature female Wistar rats were randomly separated into three groups of 10: Control, ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized-plus-C. siliqua (OVX+CS). Total and proximal BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in all groups before ovariectomy, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. At the end of the study, the femurs were subjected to a three-point bending test. DEXA revealed no statistically significant difference in absolute values or percentage changes for total tibial BMD between OVX+CS and OVX groups throughout the study. In the proximal tibia, both absolute values and BMD percentage changes from baseline were higher in the OVX+CS group compared to the OVX group after 3 and 6 months of C. siliqua administration. Three-point bending test revealed a significantly higher thickness index in the OVX+CS group compared to the OVX group and a higher cross-sectional area index compared to the control group. Long-term administration of C. siliqua may be considered a non-pharmaceutical alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Further research is required to properly investigate the effects, and suitable treatment dose and schedule.

GENDER DIMORPHISM OF CHANGES IN THE SKIN MICROCIRCULATION OF RATS ON THE BACKGROUND OF ACUTE COLD TRAUMA

Gender factors play an important role in the prevention, preva- lence and specifics of the course of various pathological conditions, among which cold injury occupies an important place. The role of gender in its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The aim. To assess sex-specific changes in the microcirculation of target organs exposed to extremely low temperatures during experimental acute cold trauma (ACT) in rats. Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on male and female sexually mature and castrated Wistar rats. Acute cold trauma (ACT) was modeled by keeping the animals at -180ºС for 2 hours. The microcirculation coefficients of the skin of the hind limbs, auricles, and tail of animals were determined using Biopas electrophysiological equipment (USA) non-invasively using a surface sensor. We compared the changes before and 30 minutes after the action of the cold factor. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using standard descriptive methods. The results. A 2-hour stay of animals under the influence of extremely low temperatures causes a significant drop in blood supply in animals of both sexes. The degree of changes has a clear sexual dimorphism with a predom- inance of pathological processes in male animals. In males, the coefficient of microcirculation of the lower limbs and auricles decreased by 72.2 and 55.3 %, and in the tail by 35.1 %, compared to this indicator before the effect of the cold factor (p < 0.05), on the other hand, in female rats changes in similar indicators were 66.5 and 44.3 % (lower limbs and auricles), and tail perfusion by 18.6 % (p < 0.05). ACT in castrated female rats caused more extensive hemoperfusion disorders compared to males: the microcirculation index of the tail, hind limbs, and auricle in male rats on the background of ACT decreased by 25.4, 66.4, and 40.7 %, respectively (p < 0.05), whereas in animals of the opposite sex – by 32.5, 78.8 and 47.4 %, respectively. Conclusion In sexually mature female rats without changes in hormonal status, a greater resistance to microcirculation disorders during experimental acute cold injury was found. The reason for these differences is the effect of sex hormones, since castration of males increases the resistance of the vascular system of animals to the action of a cold factor, while ovariectomy of females – on the contrary, increases the degree of microcirculatory lesions of the most vulnerable organs to the action of extremely low temperatures

Effect of Phosphatidylcholine on Dyslipidemia and Atherogenic Index in High Fructose Exposed Rats


 
 
 
 The purpose of this research was to investigate the beneficial effects of phosphatidylcholine in reducing changes in both lipid and protein profiles in addition to atherogenic index in adult rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Thirty-six mature Wistar Albino female rats (Rattus norvegicus) (aged 12-15 weeks and weighing 200±10 g) were divided randomly into four groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4); then variable treatments were orally administered for 62 days as follows: G1 (Control group), received distilled water; G2, treated with phosphatidylcholine (PC) orally (1 g/kg BW); G3 (Fr), orally dosed with 40% fructose and 25% fructose mixed with drinking water; G4 (Fr+PC), were also intubated with 40% fructose and 25% fructose in drinking water, and received PC at 1 g/kg BW by oral tube. At the end of the research, specimens were taken by cardio puncture approach after fasting for 8-12 h. Serum was obtained to measure lipid criteria (total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and Atherogenic index) and protein profile (total protein, albumin, and globulins). The results showed that the occurrence of dyslipidaemia (hypercholesterolemia, triacyleglycerolemia) increase in low density of lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, no-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index and reduce the concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) in fructose treated animals in addition to disturbance in protein profile (lowered in total protein and globulins level).PC treatment resulted in decreased changes in lipid profile, protein profile, and atherogenic index in rats, whereas fructose induced metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, using Phosphatidylcholine treatment in rats may reduce the changes of lipid and protein profiles and atherogenic index while fructose may lead to metabolic syndrome.
 
 
 

SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE UTERINE TUBE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL NORM AND SIX-WEEK ADMINISTRATION OF OPIOID

The toxic effects of opioids on the female reproductive system are important for theoretical and practical medicine, because excessive use of narcotic drugs causes pathological changes in organs and tissues and can predict the negative effects of "nalbuphine" on the female genitals. The excessive use of narcotic drugs, the prevalence of drug addiction, the use of opioids by modern medicine for therapeutic purposes, creates the need to carefully study the effects of opioids on the body of women, primarily the organs of the reproductive system, because despite the successes achieved in diagnosis and treatment, female infertility is an urgent problem.
 Aim of the research: to establish and describe the features of the structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of a female laboratory rat in normal and under conditions of prolonged exposure to «nalbuphine» according to the results of scanning electron microscopy.
 Materials and methods. The material of the research was the mucous membrane of the uterine tubes of 20 mature white female rats, aged 4.5–6.0 months with body weight 180–220, which were kept in standard conditions at the vivarium of the Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. The structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tubes was normally studied in 5 animals. Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups. The first group of experimental animals (10 rats) was administered «nalbuphine» intramuscularly once daily, in one period of time for 6 weeks. The second group - control animals - 5 white female rats, which were injected with saline. The method of scanning electron microscopy of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the rat was used in the research.
 Results. Lesions of the reproductive system damage is an integral part of clinic both opiate addiction and intoxication of pharmaceutical remedies in particular the group of opioids. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of structural organization of mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. The obtained data show that the six-week administration of «nalbuphine» causes destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube wall similar to long-term inflammatory processes, in particular, an increase in the lumen of the uterine tube, a decrease or absence of folds in certain areas of the uterine tube, a decrease in the number of microvilli of tubal exocrinocytes, and the occurrence of adenomatous proliferation of the tubal epithelium.
 The damage that has occurred indicates the ability of the opioid to cause irreversible changes with prolonged use.
 Conclusions. The connection between duration of «nalbuphine» administration and depth of changes of structural organization of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube was established in the experiment. Prolonged administration of opioids causes irreversible destructive changes in the mucous membrane of the uterine tube of the female rat, which is manifested by the phenomena of disorganization of both endothelial cells. The damage that has occurred proves the ability of opioid in long-term use to cause irreversible changes and structure and function damages on all levels starting with structural. The results of the work can serve as a basis for the further search for optimal methods of correcting changes in the structure of organs caused by the long-term use of opioids.

The Role of Carbon Monoxide in the Reactions of Arterial Branches of the Uterine Artery of Rats to Low-Intensity Irradiation with a Helium-Neon Laser.

Biomicroscopy was used to study order I-IV branches of the uterine artery in sexually mature female Wistar rats after a single 5- or 10-min direct exposure of the right broad ligament of the uterus to a helium-neon laser beam in the red band of the spectrum (λ=632.8 nm, output power 2 mW, intensity 20 mW/cm2). Under the influence of laser exposure, there was a significant increase in the diameter of small uterine branches and a weaker increase in large vessels with a well-developed muscular membrane. Preliminary administration of zinc IX protoporphyrin hemoxygenase blocker (30 mmol/kg) reduced reactivity of the vascular bed to laser irradiation, mainly of order I-II branches. It was concluded that carbon monoxide can act as an intermediary between the laser exposure and uterine vessels.

English

The leading factor in tooth loss, periodontitis is a global public health concern. Common periodontal treatments include medication and mechanical therapy. Regarding the use of natural medicines to treat periodontitis, there has been much advancement. Cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and homeostasis are modulated by tight junction (TJs). The present study reports the effectiveness of egg yolk oil (EYO) as a treatment for ligature-induced periodontitis by analyzing its microstructure and its effect on claudin-1. Eighteen mature male and female rats were used in the investigation, and they were categorized: Group 1 (Control Negative, n=9), which received no treatment; Group 2 (Control Positive, n=9), which received a silk ligature to cause periodontitis. The EYO treatment+ periodontitis for rats in Group 3 (EYO, n=9) was applied by ligature for 30 days. The incisor teeth with periodontal tissues were collected on days 7, 14, and 30 of the experiment and sections were prepared for both H&E staining and IHC for claudin-1 gene utilization. There was a significant improvement in alveolar bone loss, reduction in the inflammatory reaction, regeneration of PDL thickness, reduction of osteoclast numbers, and activation of claudin-1 tight junction expression compared to the control group in the entire experiment period. Our research concluded that EYO may have a critical role in alveolar bone formation with the regeneration of periodontal tissue damage that is associated with ligature-induced periodontitis via up-regulation of the expression of claudin-1 tight junction proteins that provide regeneration and repair processes, hence reducing pathological damages

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYPOXIA ON THE MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE KIDNEYS OF FETUSES AND NEWBORNS: THE RESULTS OF OWN LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYPOXIA ON THE MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE KIDNEYS OF FETUSES AND NEWBORNS

Introduction. The vast majority of kidney diseases in children and adults have their origins in the antenatal, intranatal or postnatal periods of development. Poor health of women of childbearing potential, complications during pregnancy and delivery often lead to the development of various types of hypoxia (chronic intrauterine hypoxia (CIH), acute intranatal hypoxia, acute postnatal hypoxia (APH), mixed hypoxia (MH)). The latter are a common cause of fetal and neonatal disorders, leading to damage of various organs and systems, including the kidneys. The purpose is to highlight the main results of own long-term experimental studies aimed at determining the effect of different types of hypoxia (CIH, APH, MH) on the morpho-functional state of the kidneys in fetuses and newborns. Materials and methods. In this study, the author modelled alpine hypoxia using a sealed pressure chamber from which air was pumped out, creating conditions for a sharp decrease in atmospheric pressure. Every day, we placed mature female rats with an average weight of 220–250 g in conditions corresponding to 7,500 meters hight at 287 mm Hg for 20 minutes at the same time. During the experiment, we ranked the animals into four groups: group 1 – control group – pregnant female rats (n=3) that did not experience alpine hypoxia, some females were removed from the experiment in late gestation to remove fetuses (n=7). The offsprings (n=11) received from the rest of the females, were removed from the experiment on the first day after birth. Group 2 – a study group with simulation of CIH – pregnant female rats (n=4) throughout pregnancy (21 days) were subjected to daily alpine hypoxia, with some females removed from the experiment in late gestation to remove fetuses (n=6). Offsprings (n=10) from the rest of the females were removed from the experiment on the first days of life. Group 3 – a study group with modeling of APH – pregnant female rats (n=2) were not subjected to alpine hypoxia, but their offsprings (n=8) on the first day of life were subjected to alpine hypoxia once for 15 minutes, and then they were removed from the experiment. Group 4 – a study group for modeling MH – pregnant female rats (n=3) throughout pregnancy were subjected to daily alpine hypoxia, then the offsprings obtained from them (n=8) on the first day of life were subjected to alpine hypoxia once for 15 minutes and removed from the experiment. Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical research method were used. Results. Acute postnatal, chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia lead to the development of respectively minimal, moderate and pronounced morphological changes in the capsules, parenchymal and stromal-vascular components of the kidneys, primarily damaging the vessels of the stroma and parenchyma, where more pronounced changes occur in the tubules, collecting tubules, and in chronic intrauterine hypoxia these changes increase in newborns compared to fetuses. Experimental hypoxia causes the development of hemodynamic disorders, degenerative-desquamative changes of vascular endotheliocytes, epitheliocytes of Bowman's capsules, tubules, collecting tubules, and the latter in acute postnatal hypoxia are observed mainly in the proximal tubules, and in chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia in all parts of the tubular system and collecting tubules. Chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia promote cyst formation, delay the processes of glomerulogenesis and tubulogenesis. Acute postnatal, chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia stimulate fibroblastic cells in the kidneys, and chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, causing the development of sclerosis. Acute postnatal, chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia induce apoptosis, proliferation, leading to an imbalance between them due to the prevaling proliferation in acute postnatal and chronic intrauterine hypoxia and apoptosis in mixed hypoxia. Conclusions. Identified morphological changes in the kidneys of fetuses and newborns developed under the influence of acute postnatal, chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia, given the unity of structure and function, will lead to functional changes in these organs in subsequent postnatal ontogenesis in such children and the emergence of different nephrological pathology. This study actualizes the implementation of preventive measures among persons of reproductive age, dictates the need for quality pre-pregnancy training, which should be aimed at timely detection and treatment of genital and extragenital pathology in women. Keywords: acute postnatal hypoxia, chronic intrauterine hypoxia, fetus, kidneys, mixed hypoxia, morphology, newborn.

Unfavorable effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the skeletal system of nondiabetic rats

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs, acting by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys. They turned out to improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes not only in patients with type 2 diabetes but also in nondiabetic patients. At present, they are more and more widely used in patients without diabetes. Since there were concerns that SGLT2 inhibitors may increase fracture risk in diabetes, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of dapagliflozin and canagliflozin on the musculoskeletal system of nondiabetic, healthy rats. The experiments were carried out on mature female rats, divided into the control rats and rats treated with dapagliflozin (1.4 mg/kg p.o.) or canagliflozin (4.2 mg/kg p.o.) for 4 weeks. Serum bone turnover markers, skeletal muscle strength and mass, bone mass, density, histomorphometric parameters and mechanical properties were determined. Administration of the drugs did not affect the skeletal muscle mass and strength. There was no effect on serum bone turnover markers, and bone mass and composition. However, administration of both drugs resulted in disorders of cancellous bone microarchitecture and worsening of bone mechanical properties. In conclusion, both SGLT2 inhibitors unfavorably affected the skeletal system of healthy rats.

Increased risk of primary ovarian insufficiency by high-fructose diet consumption: a 90-day study in female rats.

There is ambiguous evidence that high-fructose diet can induce toxicity in different organ systems but its endocrine disrupting effects by abnormal changes in female reproductive organs is poorly evidenced. This study aimed to address the reproductive safety of high fructose diet through clinical, biochemical, hormonal, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. For this purpose, 5-6weeks mature female Wistar rats were divided in three groups and each five animals/group exposed to standard chow + water + HFCS-55, standard chow + water + sucrose 75%w/v and standard chow + water for 90days. Remarkable increase in most lipid profile factors and total body weights of HFCS-55 fed rats and sucrose fed rats were detected in similar pattern compared to control. At the same time, a battery of differential signs and symptoms in HFCS-fed groups including squamous metaplasia in the uterine tissue and ovarian congestion, significant increase in FSH and LH levels, meaningful decreased serum testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels, and strong androgen receptor expression in ovaries and uterine of HFCS group of animals were recorded compared to other two study groups. These thought-provoking signs and signals of fructose induced reproductive toxicity in this model emphasis the contribution of HFCS-55 to deteriorated ovarian and endometrial health and increased risk primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women.

Evaluation of Uterotonic Activity, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Phytochemical Composition of Uvariodendron anisatum Verdc. Root Extracts.

Over 80% of cultural societies in low-income countries use plant preparations in traditional medicine with unknown potency and safety profiles. Uvariodendron anisatum root extracts are used by some Kenyan herbalists. However, the claims of the plant to remove retained placenta during birth have remained uninvestigated. Therefore, the current study evaluated its uterotonic activities. Acute toxicity in Wistar rats and the phytochemical composition of the plant were also studied. The plant was collected from Embu County in Kenya. The water and ethanol extracts were prepared by maceration. Uterine strips were isolated from primed mature female Wistar rats and used to study the uterotonic activities of the extracts. De Jalon's solution and oxytocin were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Acute oral toxicity studies were done following the OECD 423 guideline and phytochemical screening were based on standard phytochemical procedures. The study met all the approval requirements before commencement. Data obtained from the uterotonic activity were analysed by using GraphPad Prism Version 8.0.1 software and expressed as a percentage increase or decrease of mean as mean ± SEM relative to the controls. The findings of acute oral toxicity were expressed using LD50. Additionally, the phytochemical components of the U. anisatum were tabulated. The uterotonic effect of Uvariodendron anisatum root water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. A single dose of the Uvariodendron anisatum root water extract at 2000 mg/kg did not cause mortality in the tested Wistar rats. Besides, there were no changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The extracts did not reveal changes in the gross morphology of the liver, kidney, heart, and lung of the tested Wistar rats. However, the histopathological studies of Uvariodendron anisatum root water extracts exhibited toxicity in the liver, kidney, and lung tissues of Wistar rats at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg. Alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, terpenes, proteins, phenols, and oils were recorded in Uvariodendron anisatum. The findings from this study provided scientific evidence which is useful in validating the use of Uvariodendron anisatum extracts in the stimulation of the uterus during birth.

The effect of vital stress on the bioelectric activity of the brain and the behavior of female rats

BACKGROUND: Identification of possible biomarkers that assess the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms is an urgent task for the early diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorders. The manifestation of emotional states, both human and animal, is reflected in altered behavior and in the violation of the ratio of basic rhythms and cross-correlation connections in the brain electroencephalogram, which indicates the development of pathological processes.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the behavior and electrocorticogram indicators of rats in the delayed period (on day 7) after life-threatening stress, as a way to predict the formation of post-traumatic stress disorder.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on mature female Wistar rats weighing 180200 g (n = 40). Mental trauma was modeled by the circumstances of experiencing the situation of the death of a partner from the action of a predator and the threat to their own life when placing rats in a terrarium with a tiger python. In rats, the behavior in the Open Field test and the bioelectric activity of the brain in the frontal and occipital regions on the left and right were analyzed before and on the 7th day after stress exposure.
 RESULTS: It is shown that in the delayed period after vital stress in female rats, there is a decrease in motor and research activity and altered emotional behavior in the Open Field test. Reduction of interhemispheric asymmetry in the index of theta and delta activity and changes in cross-correlation connections in the right hemisphere, as well as changes in the ratio of the main rhythms and cross-correlation connections of the electroencephalography. The revealed changes in the delayed period indicate a pronounced aversive nature of the psychotraumatic effect.
 CONCLUSIONS: Life-threatening stress is caused by changes in electrophysiological and behavioral parameters in experimental animals not only at the time of exposure, but also in the long-term period.

Development of Dihydroquercetin-based Oral tablets and Evalution of the General Toxic Effect

Development of Dihydroquercetin-based Oral tablets and Evalution of the General Toxic Effect

Potential use of Indonesian basil (Ocimum basilicum) maceration to increase estradiol and progesterone synthesis and secretion to improve prenatal growth of offspring using female albino rats as an animal model.

Background and Aim:Basil is well known as a medicinal plant that contains high essential oils and antioxidant compounds that have the potential to improve ovarian development. Thus, basil may have the potential to improve the growth and development of the uterus and placenta for optimal prenatal growth of offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Indonesian basil maceration on gonad development of mature female albino rats.Materials and Methods:Fifteen 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, at the diestrus stage of the estrus cycle, were divided into three different treatment groups: Control group (mineral water), bas-low group (1% of basil maceration), and bas-high group (5% of basil maceration). Basil maceration was dissolved and administered in mineral drinking water, and the treatments were given for 20 days (4 estrus cycles). At the end of the treatment period, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone (Pg) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative weight of the ovary and uterus; diameter and length of uterine cornual; vascularization of uterus; the diameter of uterine glands; the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary de Graaf follicles; the number of corpora luteum; as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ovary were determined.Results:There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the serum FSH level of rats treated with basil maceration drinking water doses of 1% and 5% compared to the control group. However, serum estradiol and Pg concentrations in the 1% and 5% basil maceration groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the control group. Furthermore, 1% and 5% basil maceration significantly increased the uterus’s relative weight, diameter, and vascularization. Serum estradiol concentrations contributed to the elevated expression of VEGF compared to Pg.Conclusion:Administration of basil maceration for 20 days before mating could improve follicle growth and development, eventually increasing estradiol synthesis and secretion, thus improving the uterus’s preparation for implantation. This makes basil maceration an attractive candidate in clinical research to enhance the growth and development of the uterus and placenta, which will better support the optimum prenatal growth and development of embryos and fetuses, resulting in superior offspring.

Swimming exercise improves SIRT1, NF-κB, and IL-1β protein levels and pancreatic tissue injury in ovariectomized diabetic rats.

In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of swimming exercise on the SIRT1, NF-κB, IL-1β protein levels, and pancreatic tissue damage in an ovariectomized diabetic rat model based on the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Forty mature female Wistar rats were purchased and divided into sham (n=10) and OVX (bilateral ovariectomy) (n=30) groups. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 1-OVX, 2-ovariectomized diabetic (OVX.D), 3-OVX.D+exercise (OVX.D. E). After surgical recovery, animals in the diabetic group received a high-fat diet for one month. Swimming exercise (1h/day) was performed concurrently with the start of the HFD diet for eight weeks. At the end of the high-fat diet, streptozotocin (30mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. At the end of the second month, pancreatic tissue was collected from the animals after deep anesthesia for molecular evaluation and histology by Western blotting and hematoxylin-eosin, respectively. Swimming exercise significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines and tissue damage, and this decrease in cytokine expression appears to be associated with SIRT1 expression. The increase in SIRT1 by training was associated with decreased NF-κB-p65 and IL-1β expression and preventing tissue damage. Induction of diabetes in the ovariectomized group (OVX.D) resulted in a significant increase in NF-κB-p65 and IL-1β proteins and a decrease in the expression of SIRT1 compared with the sham group. However, swimming training significantly reversed these effects compared with the OVX.D group. Increased inflammation of β-cells impairs insulin secretion in estrogen insufficiency. Swimming exercise eliminates inflammation in post-menopausal diabetes and supports the potential to prevent pancreatic activity after menopause.

The protective effect of co-administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in mature and immature rats

Cyclophosphamide (CP), as an antineoplastic agent, causes premature ovarian failure (POF) due to ovarian toxicity and subsequent infertility in women. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has accumulated significant attention in regenerative medicine. Pentoxifylline (PTX) as a methylxanthine derivative has been shown to have antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of PRP and PTX on CP-induced POF. Fifty mature and immature female rats were assigned into five groups: control, CP (75 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip] on days 1 and 10 to induce POF), CP + PRP (200 μl, ip, half an hour after CP injection on day 1 and 10), CP + PTX (50 mg/kg, orally, half an hour after CP injection daily for 21 day), and CP + PRP + PTX. At the end of experiments on day 21, measurement of body weight, ovarian parameters (ovarian volume, follicular granulosa cell layers diameter, oocyte diameter, and the number of granulosa cells), measurement of ovarian hormone in sera for estradiol (E2), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), as well as biochemical assessment were performed. The results showed that CP significantly reduced the ovarian parameters, E2, AMH, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Our results also indicated that all histomorphometric parameters and biochemical markers in CP-induced POF, were preserved close to normal by PRP and PTX treatments in both mature and immature rats (p < 0.001). Therefore, it is concluded that the co-administration of PRP and PTX can protect the ovary from CP-induced POF.

Evaluation of Anti Estrogenic Activity and Anti-Osteoporotic Activity of Extracted Quercetin from Bambusa arundinacea Leaves on Ovariectomized Rats

Phytoestrogens has now become a emerging era of interest for the researchers. The mimicking effects of phytoestrogens had lead to its wide use in reproductive system. In this study it was aimed to study the estrogenic activity and anti-osteoporotic activity of isolated quercetin female Wistar rats. The estrogenic effect was analyzed by uterotropic assay, vaginal cytology and measurement of vaginal opening in female Wistar rats. The administration of isolated quercetin in ovariectomized immature and mature female Wistar rats in a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. resulted in significant increase in the uterine wet weight when compared with ovariectomized control rats. The treated rats, showing only Cornified epithelial cells was an indication of the presence of the estrogen and also showed 100% vaginal opening. Thirty six female albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6). After 60 days of Ovariectomy, animals were treated with of isolated quercetin for the next 45 days. Finally femur bone length, weight, bone ash calcium level, and bone mineral density (BMD) were estimated. The levels of serum alkaline phosphates (ALP), calcium, and phosphorous, and bone histopathology were also evaluated. OVX-induced increased serum ALP, calcium, and phosphorous levels were impaired in of isolated quercetin treated rats. The isolated quercetin which was evident by uterotropic assay, measurement of vaginal opening, and histopathological changes. It also exhibited a significant anti-osteoporotic effect in the experimental model of OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats, indicating advantageous effect in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Thus it concludes the Anti Estrogenic activity and Anti-Osteoporotic activity of extracted Quercetin from Bambusa arundinacea leaves on ovariectomized rats.

Evaluation of the antitumour activity of local intraperitoneal hyperthermia in a model of advanced high-grade ovarian carcinoma in rats

In our study we carried out an exploratory assessment of the antitumor activity of hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion (Hipep) with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution and compared it with the effect of a single normothermic intraperitoneal (i.p.) Administration of cisplatin in the maximum tolerated dose (mtd). Thirty-six mature female Wistar rats with transplanted i.p. Syngeneic ovarian carcinoma were randomized into three groups: control group (2 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride i.p. At room temperature, n=12); cisplatin group (cisplatin 4 mg/kg i.p. At room temperature, n=12); Hipep group (open i.p. Perfusion with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution at a temperature of 40,5–41,5 °c for 45 minutes, n=12). The primary endpoint was the overall survival (os) of the animals in each of the three groups. The total peritoneal cancer index (pci), weight and degree of ascites haemorrhagia were assessed at autopsy. The median os in the control group, Hipep, and cisplatin was 19, 39, and 40 days, respectively (log-rank test р&lt;0.0001). In comparison to the control group, the differences were statistically significant for both cisplatin (HR=0.22; 95 % ci: 0.08–0.62; log-rank test р&lt;0.0001) and Hipep (HR=0.32; 95 % ci 0.13–0.82; log-rank test р=0.0013). There were no differences in os between the cisplatin and Hipep groups (log-rank test р=0.4853). The Hipep procedure was associated with a significant decrease in total pci, a tendency towards a decrease in the ascites weight and a higher severity of haemorrhagia. In terms of os, local hyperthermia, provided by Hipep without a cytostatic drug, was comparable with single normothermic i.p. Administration of cisplatin in mtd and exceeded the effects of the latter in relation to the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Estrogenic Effect of Bambusa arundinacea, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum on Rats

Background: Phytoestrogens have recently become a hot topic among scientists. Phytoestrogens’ estrogen-like properties have led to their widespread use in the reproductive system. The aim of this research was to see whether the ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum had any estrogenic activity in female wistar rats. Methods: In female wistar rats, the estrogenic effect was studied using a uterotropic assay, vaginal cytology and vaginal opening. In ovariectomized immature and mature female wistar rats, a 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) dose of ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum was given. Result: When compared to ovariectomized control rats, the uterine wet weight increased significantly. The estrogen-treated rats had only cornified epithelial cells, indicating the existence of oestrogen, as well as 100% vaginal opening. At 400 mg/kg b.w., the ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum demonstrated promising estrogenic activity, as evidenced by uterotropic assays, vaginal opening measurements and histopathological changes. As a result of this research, it’s possible to infer that the ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae, Trichosanthes dioica and Punica granatum play an important role in estrogenic activity in female rats.

Экспрессия miR-181a и miR-146a при преждевременной овариальной недостаточности аутоиммунной этиологии

Objective. To study the expression of miR-181a and miR-146a in the blood serum obtained from an experimental animal model of autoimmune oophoritis on different days of the experiment to assess their role in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) of autoimmune etiology. Materials and methods. Experimental animals were mature female outbred rats. The study group (n = 25) included the experimental animal model of autoimmune oophoritis, the control group (n = 20) – intact animals. Morphometry of ovarian samples with estimating the average number of follicles, corpora lutea and atretic corpora lutea was performed. Enzyme immunoassay was used to study the concentration levels of serum anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and anti-ovarian antibodies (AOA). MicroRNAs were isolated from serum according to a standard protocol; a reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed using specific primers, and the relative expression of miR-181a and miR-146a was calculated by the Pfaffle method. Results. The expression of miR-146a on different days of the experiment remained statistically insignificant, including when compared to the control group. The expression of miR-181a in the blood serum of experimental animals on day 15 was statistically significantly higher than similar values on days 5, 10, 30 and 60 and in the control group. Conclusion. MiR-181a showed high diagnostic value in POI of autoimmune etiology in the experiment performed and can serve as an early marker in the diagnosis of ovarian insufficiency. The role of miR-146a as a marker of POI of autoimmune etiology has not been experimentally confirmed. Key words: autoimmune oophoritis, microRNA, experiment, premature ovarian insufficiency

Cortical Neurons and Astrocytes in Intrauterine Ethanol Exposure: The Role of Exposure Time and Postnatal Timeline

Background: The state of cortical neurons and astrocytes are pointers to the health of the brain. These cells are morphologically distorted by alcohol exposure. Intrauterine alcohol exposure remains a challenge with perinatal consequences. The role of exposure time and postnatal timeline on the degree of cortical cell derangement remains a subject of controversy till date. This study therefore examines alcohol exposure and postnatal changes on brain weight, cortical neurons and astrocytes at different developmental periods. Methods: Twenty mature female Wistar rats were time-mated and grouped into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) received distilled water (2 mL/kg), Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered 2.5 mL/kg of 20% ethanol orally on the 4th, 11th and 18th days of gestation respectively. Rats produced litters and pups' brains were harvested and processed for H&amp;E and Golgi Cox stains at the 3rd and 6th postnatal week. Neuronal and astrocytic densities in the cerebral cortex were evaluated. Results and Conclusion: There was statistically significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the density of degenerating neurons at the third postnatal week and sixth postnatal weeks in the experimental groups when compared with the control. There was also statistically significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in astrocytic density in groups 2 and 4 at the 3rd postnatal week. There was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in the astrocytic densities across groups at the sixth postnatal week. It was concluded that intrauterine alcohol exposure in any of the developmental periods resulted in postnatal neuronal degeneration which persisted till the 6th week. However, increased astrocytic densities is a feature of 1st and 3rd trimester alcohol exposure noted in the 3rd but absent in the 6th postnatal week.